Naturally ahead

BIOMINWorld Mycotoxin Survey 2016 Annual Report No. 13

2 3

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Legend

n Moderate risk: 0-25% of samples above risk thresholdn High risk: 26-50% of samples above risk thresholdn Severe risk: 51-75% of samples above risk thresholdn Extreme risk: 76-100% of samples above risk threshold n No samples tested

No

rth

Am

eric

aTo

tal R

isk

66%

Afla 3%ZEN 37%DON 58%T-2 3%FUM 46%OTA 3%

Afla 30%ZEN 46%DON 69%T2 24%FUM 77%OTA 2%Sou

th A

mer

ica

Tota

l Ris

k 60

%

Afla 10%ZEN 51%DON 73%T2 21%FUM 50%OTA 12%C

entr

al E

uro

pe

Tota

l Ris

k 60

%

Afla 38%ZEN 35%DON 46%T2 7%FUM 74%OTA 26%So

uth

ern

Eu

rop

eTo

tal R

isk

61%

Afla 42%ZEN 69%DON 37%T2 8%FUM 79%OTA 13%A

fric

aTo

tal R

isk

60%

Afla 1%ZEN 46%DON 77%T2 18%FUM 12%OTA 13%N

ort

her

n E

uro

pe

Tota

l Ris

k 67

%

Afla 28%ZEN 61%DON 22%T2 20%FUM 61%OTA 22%M

idd

le E

ast

Tota

l Ris

k 41

%

Afla 88%ZEN 21%DON 46%T2 1%FUM 76%OTA 82%So

uth

Asi

aTo

tal R

isk

85%

Afla 8%ZEN 42%DON 33%T2 8%FUM 25%OTA 8%C

entr

al A

sia

Tota

l Ris

k 8%

Afla 11%ZEN 22%DON 27%T2 2%FUM 26%OTA 7%O

cean

iaTo

tal R

isk

16%

Afla 16%ZEN 33%DON 53%T2 38%FUM 26%OTA 18%Ea

ster

n E

uro

pe

Tota

l Ris

k 26

%

Afla 20%ZEN 56%DON 92%T2 27%FUM 74%OTA 15%Ea

st A

sia

Tota

l Ris

k 86

%

Afla 43%ZEN 46%DON 57%T2 1%FUM 79%OTA 14%So

uth

-Eas

t A

sia

Tota

l Ris

k 74

%

Afla 17%ZEN 68%DON 54%T2 2%FUM 60%OTA 16%So

uth

Afr

ica

Tota

l Ris

k 63

%

Afla 0%ZEN 43%DON 70%T2 4%FUM 89%OTA 0%C

entr

al A

mer

ica

Tota

l Ris

k 81

%

World map and highlights for 2016. With

heat map approach to mycotoxin risk.

Mycotoxins are a large and growing family of toxic fungal substances that can occur in various types of commodities intended for food and feed. The BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey provides an overview on the incidence of aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) T-2-toxin (T-2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in the primary components used for feed which include corn, wheat, barley, rice, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, dried distillers grains (DDGS) and silage, among others. From January to December 2016, a total of 16 511 samples were analyzed from 81 different countries around the world. This report summarizes the results of over 63 000

analyses conducted in the year 2016.

Recommended risk threshold of major mycotoxins in ppb

Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

2 50 150 50 500 10

Total risk level is calculated as the proportion of samples that have at least one mycotoxin above a risk threshold level.

World Overview

Moderate risk Extreme risk

DISCLAIMERBIOMIN GmbH and the authors had no influence on the sampling process of the investigated samples. Therefore, the contamination levels found in the samples do not necessarily reflect the actual contamination level of these regions/commodities. However, the samples provide more insight into the range and levels of mycotoxins which can be found in diverse commodities of various regions.Mycofix® is not available in the US and Canada.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSpecial thanks go to Biofarma Feedlab, Argentina, Labocea, France, LAMIC, Brazil and Dr. Anika Steinhoff- Ooster, Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern e.V. for sharing their mycotoxin analysis results as part of this survey. Mycotoxin Report is published by BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Erber Campus, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria, Tel: +43 2782 8030, www.biomin.net

©Copyright BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 2016. All rights reserved. Any kind of reprint, reproduction, or any other kind of usage – whether partially or to the full extent - only allowed upon prior written approval by BIOMIN Holding GmbH.

Figure 1. Global map of mycotoxin occurrence and risk in different regions.

4 5

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 7 218 Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

Fin

ish

ed fe

ed

Number of samples tested 1 443 1 852 1 900 1 668 1 550 1 366

% Contaminated samples 13% 71% 77% 31% 69% 25%

Average of positives (ppb) 7 85 420 19 792 3.2

Median of positives (ppb) 2 20 138 8 164 2

Maximum (ppb) 175 7 400 21 300 355 33 970 84

Cor

n

Number of samples tested 743 1 078 1 162 711 856 676

% Contaminated samples 21% 42% 66% 11% 67% 4%

Average of positives (ppb) 20 155 790 44 2 057 26

Median of positives (ppb) 1 44 422 20 845 2

Maximum (ppb) 491 2 652 9 816 424 42 000 438C

erea

ls*

Number of samples tested 827 2 960 3 291 1 074 910 802

% Contaminated samples 12% 36% 71% 19% 7% 6%

Average of positives (ppb) 2 78 1 023 36 560 6

Median of positives (ppb) 1 26 400 24 36 2

Maximum (ppb) 53 3 757 37 640 404 13 360 68

A regional overview

Changes in risk for half year from 2015 to 2016 indicate the changes that happen with the main crop harvests (particularly in the Northern Hemisphere). Very high contamination present in European crops in the 2014 harvest affect the early 2015 results. Similarly, early 2016 results in the Northern Hemisphere show the relatively reduced risk in the 2015 harvest. In the second half of 2016,

the risk level increased in all parts of Europe (on average from 45% increasing to 64% of samples at a level above the risk threshold). Increases were also seen in South-East Asia (from 70% to 76%), East Asia (84% to 88%), Oceania (8% to 24%), South America (doubling from 37% to 74%) and South Africa (from 45% to 73%).

January – June 2015

January – June 2016

July – December 2015

July – December 2016

Europe Mycotoxin trends

15%

48%

70%

21%

48%

14%

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTAspecies risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

*Cereals: wheat, barley, oats, triticale

71%DON

contamination at average of

1 023 ppb

6 7

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

North America South & Central America

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 4 612 Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

Fin

ish

ed fe

ed

Number of samples tested 642 517 504 298 637 189

% Contaminated samples 26% 47% 58% 2% 92% 1%

Average of positives (ppb) 6 45 627 1 1 827 1

Median of positives (ppb) 3 28 620 1 1 196 1

Maximum (ppb) 51 500 3 100 2 45 700 1

Cor

n

Number of samples tested 2 483 1 732 715 547 1 117 160

% Contaminated samples 24% 37% 62% 12% 94% 1%

Average of positives (ppb) 8 168 1 185 35 2 894 1

Median of positives (ppb) 3 54 510 27 1 833 1

Maximum (ppb) 160 1 754 43 770 237 171 920 1C

erea

ls*

Number of samples tested 531 369 333 193 301 32

% Contaminated samples 55% 64% 77% 55% 34% 6%

Average of positives (ppb) 4 260 2 834 49 315 12

Median of positives (ppb) 3 94 1 520 44 230 12

Maximum (ppb) 28 2 162 49 790 146 5 400 22

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 992 Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

Fin

ish

ed fe

ed

Number of samples tested 197 251 244 241 227 251

% Contaminated samples 4% 37% 85% 1% 56% 3%

Average of positives (ppb) 11 154 565 35 1 177 2

Median of positives (ppb) 8 33 344 4 580 2

Maximum (ppb) 24 3 100 13 206 100 41 000 3

Cor

n

Number of samples tested 280 305 277 271 301 301

% Contaminated samples 3% 33% 73% 2% 70% 4%

Average of positives (ppb) 5 184 644 39 3 158 11

Median of positives (ppb) 3 97 400 18 929 3

Maximum (ppb) 15 2 500 5 510 133 40 500 100

Cer

eals

*

Number of samples tested 24 31 30 29 29 30

% Contaminated samples 0% 32% 70% 7% 14% 20%

Average of positives (ppb) 0 4 596 2 481 3 203 5

Median of positives (ppb) 0 35 453 3 212 4

Maximum (ppb) 0 36 000 29 700 6 364 10

30%

46%

69%

22%

77%

1%

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

3%

37%

58%

3%

46%

3%

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTA

species risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

*Cereals: wheat, barley, oats *Cereals: wheat, sorghum

94%FUM

contamination at average of

2 894 ppb

32% ZEN

contamination at average of

4 596 ppb

8 9

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Middle East

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 785 Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

Fin

ish

ed fe

ed

Number of samples tested 125 123 123 121 119 98

% Contaminated samples 22% 73% 33% 3% 68% 29%

Average of positives (ppb) 2 45 230 23 370 5

Median of positives (ppb) 1 21 137 25 159 1

Maximum (ppb) 13 893 1 005 35 1 815 84

Cor

n

Number of samples tested 413 356 430 79 33 26

% Contaminated samples 18% 52% 17% 6% 79% 8%

Average of positives (ppb) 6 252 1 686 20 1 634 78

Median of positives (ppb) 1 90 880 22 1 193 78

Maximum (ppb) 190 1 200 6 500 31 6 401 154C

erea

ls*

Number of samples tested 70 52 20 24 18 14

% Contaminated samples 56% 54% 40% 12% 17% 14%

Average of positives (ppb) 2 68 645 15 134 1

Median of positives (ppb) 1 32 240 20 32 1

Maximum (ppb) 3 773 3 670 24 349 2

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 2 641 Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

Fin

ish

ed fe

ed

Number of samples tested 1 026 1 033 1 107 389 841 426

% Contaminated samples 24% 53% 87% 1% 77% 34%

Average of positives (ppb) 29 137 417 19 924 4

Median of positives (ppb) 10 68 295 20 655 2

Maximum (ppb) 251 2 489 4 878 26 6 587 52

Cor

n

Number of samples tested 587 699 719 252 637 137

% Contaminated samples 46% 68% 87% 47% 93% 11%

Average of positives (ppb) 48 179 516 19 2 643 9

Median of positives (ppb) 3 48 330 13 1 397 1

Maximum (ppb) 730 10 618 3 647 250 59 709 54

Cer

eals

*

Number of samples tested 226 237 270 134 194 146

% Contaminated samples 13% 21% 70% 1% 28% 18%

Average of positives (ppb) 22 219 1 547 37 168 2

Median of positives (ppb) 4 78 920 37 84 1

Maximum (ppb) 363 1 646 12 760 37 1 598 10

27%

61%

22%

20%

61%

22%

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTAspecies risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

*Cereals: wheat, barley, oats, rice *Cereals: wheat

Asia

28%

50%

81%

11%

72%

22%

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTAspecies risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

17%DON

contamination at high average of

1 686 ppb

93%FUM

contamination at average of

2 643 ppb

10 11

BIOMIN World Mycotoxin Survey 2016

Multiple mycotoxin occurrence

Spectrum 380® results 2016: the most comprehensive mycotoxin analysis available*

Mycotoxins & metabolitesIn which raw materials are emerging mycotoxins most commonly found?

Multiple Mycotoxin Overview

Maize:Moniliformin 94%Beauvericin 70%15-Hydroxy culmorin 58%

Wheat:Culmorin 70%

Positive Samples [%] for metabolites present in more than 40% of samples (orange bars indicate regulated or guideline mycotoxins)

Cut off for all metabolites 1 ppb (except for aflatoxins 0.5 ppb)

Mycotoxins in main commodities Total samples: 263 Afla ZEN DON T-2 FUM OTA

Fin

ish

ed fe

ed

Number of samples tested 70 70 70 70 70 70

% Contaminated samples 19% 76% 37% 6% 91% 4%

Average of positives (ppb) 2 43 166 8 1 015 2

Median of positives (ppb) 1 15 146 8 390 2

Maximum (ppb) 5 262 374 15 7 578 3

Cor

n

Number of samples tested 56** 56 56 56 56 56

% Contaminated samples 14% 61% 54% 2% 86% 11%

Average of positives (ppb) 3 198 229 28 1 872 1

Median of positives (ppb) 2 8 148 28 1 334 0

Maximum (ppb) 9 6 276 854 28 10 665 2

Cer

eals

*

Number of samples tested 24 24 24 24 24 24

% Contaminated samples 17% 67% 79% 12% 21% 50%

Average of positives (ppb) 2 47 589 26 306 7

Median of positives (ppb) 2 20 431 5 65 4

Maximum (ppb) 2 195 2 724 68 1 340 27

*Cereals: wheat, sorghum **41 samples originated from South Africa

Africa

23%

68%

50%

3%

65%

15%

Afla

ZEN

DON

T-2

FUM

OTAspecies risk assessment according to legend on page 2 and % positive samples

Average Maximum1066 30360 Fumonisin B2550 23061 Nivalenol556 62568 Citreorosein

RugulusovinInfectopyronFumonisin B13-Nitropropionic acidNeoechinulin A15-HydroxyculmorinEmodinEnniatin A1AsperglaucideDeoxynivalenolEquisetinAsperphenamateBrevianamid FBeauvericinEnniatin B1ZearalenoneEnniatin BCulmorinTryptopholMoniliforminAurofusarincyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)

41%

42%

43%

43%

44%

46%

46%

48%

53%

54%

55%

55%

56%

59%

59%

60%

61%

63%

63%

63%

64%

74%

75%

79%

86%

86%

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Fumonisin B2Nivalenol

CitreoroseinRugulusovinInfectopyron

Fumonisin B13-Nitropropionic acid

Neoechinulin A15-Hydroxyculmorin

EmodinEnniatin A1

AsperglaucideDeoxynivalenol

EquisetinAsperphenamate

Brevianamid FBeauvericinEnniatin B1

ZearalenoneEnniatin BCulmorin

TryptopholMoniliforminAurofusarin

cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)

376 36213114 2055

32 263771 1658

702 89206934 11125328 406878 3622

311 1316847 238827 206393 5582

500 996849 2081

48 940770 205423 84261 507764 627658 7519

730 157114288 1816086 2560

94+694%Contained

10 or more

mycotoxins and metabolites

9 out of 10 samples

contaminated with Fusarium

toxins, Aspergillus

toxins, or both

28 mycotoxins and metabolites per

sample

on average

1378 samples

Barley:Enniatin B1 100%Enniatin B 99%Enniatin A1 99%

6%

22%

32%

19%

11%

7%

2%

0

100

200

300

400

500

<10 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >60

Num

ber

of s

ampl

es

Metabolites in samples

* Spectrum 380® is developed and conducted by the world’s leading independent mycotoxin research lab at the Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna and offered through cooperation with BIOMIN.

86%FUM

contamination at average of

1 872 ppb

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mycofix.biomin.net

* Authorized by EU Regulations No 1115/2014, 1060/2013 and 1016/2013 for the reduction of contamination with fumonisins, aflatoxins and trichothecenes.

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