كلمة العــددقبل فوات األوان ودخول الشتاء، ماذا نفعل معًا لتجنب الكوارث ؟

مرض ظهور بعد وخاصة سنوات عدة منذ للغاية صعبة بمراحل تمر الدواجن صناعة إن إنفلونزا الطيور وما تبعه من وقف التصدير للطيور الحية والبيض واللحوم والتي كانت تسبب رواجًا للمربي والشركات وتنشيط للصناعة التي يعمل بها ماليين العمال والفنيين ويستثمر لغذاء األساسي المصدر وهو حيواني بروتين أرخص تنتج والتي الجنيهات مليارات بها

الطبقة الفقيرة والمتوسطة بمصر والتي تزيد نسبتها عن ٨٠ ٪ من إجمالي السكان .

كل عام – منذ شتاء عام ٢٠٠٦ – ننتظر كوارث عديدة أكبرها هي تفشى مرض اإلنفلونزا الخطير في المزارع والشركات والذي يسبب نفوق عالي وخسائر مادية وبشرية ضخمة مما دعى المنظمات العالمية الي التحرك للعمل مع الجهات المصرية لتفادي كارثة قد يحدث

عنها وباء يأكل األخضر واليابس مثلما حدث في أسبانيا والمكسيك وقتل ماليين السكان .

منذ ١١ عام وكل عام نتحدث ونجتمع ولكن األمور على أرض الواقع تعكس أن المربيين في وادي والجهات الرسمية واألتحاد في وادي آخر ، األتحاد اليسيطر إال على نسبة ١٥ ٪ فقط من الصناعة ولكنهم ينتجون ٦٥٪ من إجمالي الكتاكيت في مصر وهناك ٨٥٪ من المربيين

اليشعرون بالدعم الكافي من األتحاد أو الدولة لمساندتهم وقت األزمات أو حتى قبلها .

واليمكن لبلد بحجم مصر وعدد سكانها - الذي كاد ان يتخطى ١٠٠ مليون نسمة – أن تعالج واضحة طريق خارطة فهناك ، الطريقة بهذه الطيور كإنفلونزا خطيرة وبائية مشكلة

للجميع وتحتاج ألبطال ألتخاذ الخطوات التنفيذية .

وما طرحته شركة سيفا في هذا المجال واضح من عشر سنوات ....إتباع سياسة واضحة للبيع الحي لوقف أنتشار المرض.

تقنين أوضاع محالت بيع الطيور. وقف بيع الطيور باألسواق العامة لحين معالجة المشكلة.

للمربيين إرشادي واضح وملزم ببرنامج للكتاكيت المنتجة الكبرى الشركات إلزام ألتباع أساليب األمان الحيوي .

تفعيل دور المجازر بشكل أوسع.عمل توعية وتثقيف عن األمان الحيوي واالهتمام بالتحصين وطريقته للمربيين عن التعامل وطرق الطيور إنفلونزا مرض عن معلومات ونشر األعالم وسائل طريق

معه. تكثيف المعامل البيطرية على مستوى الجمهورية ودعم المربيين في عمل تحاليل

وفحوصات دورية مجانية أو مدعومة للكشف المبكر للمرض.عمل مدافن في كل محافظة ومركز به صناعة دواجن للتخلص من النافق وتحفيز

المربيين على ذلك.عدم نقل السبلة من محافظة ألخرى.

إلزام الشركات المنتجة للكتاكيت بالتحصين عمر يوم باستخدام "فيكتورميون® أيه آي" وهو اللقاح الوحيد الذي يصلح وتم تجربته بمصر منذ سنوات على جميع العترات ، تكلفة األتحاد ويتحمل التفريخ بمعامل منفصلة كعملية بالتحصين واألهتمام التحصين بالكامل مع مساعدة وزارة الزراعة والشركات الكبرى عن طريق تخصيص

رسوم بيع كل كتكوت يحصلها األتحاد وتخصص في هذا المجال.

دعونا نبدأ ولو لسنة واحدة قبل دخول الشتاء، وما أدراك ما الشتاء، ووقتها اليفيد الندم

د. محمد عابدالمدير اإلقليمي لمصر والسودان

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الشعبي ــتــهــاب األل مـــرض (I.B) المعدي

التهاب الضرع في االبقار لقاح سيفاك أي بيرد

٥الــســيــطــرة عــلــى مــرض إجراءات التحصين بالرشأخبار سيفا

الجمبورو بالتحصين

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المحتويات

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د. أحـمــد سـتــه

الشعبي األلتهاب مــرض (IB) المعدي

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ABW 2,150 gMortality 4.7%FCR 1.58

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100% seroconversion31 days of age

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لقاح سيفاك أي بيرد

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IB Variant ١٢٠ ٤٨

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د. عمرو الشيمي

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CHICK •

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H120 PHY.LMV.42

األفضل أن تبدأ باألفضل

Dr. Amr El-Shemy

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األفضل أن تبدأ باألفضل

التهاب الضرع في االبقار

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Spirovet

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د. حسين الشيخ

أخبار سيفا""

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٢٤مايو٢٠١٧

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أخبار سيفا

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أخبار سيفاأخبار سيفا

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DOSAGE

A precise volume of spray must be used for each box. This volume needs to be defined by the equipment manufacturer and approved by the veterinarian. It is calculated according to the number of animals placed per box and spray coverage. Applying a higher volume

would imply a waste of vaccine as well as a chance of getting the chicks wet, creating thermal discomfort. If the volume is lower than specified, then the animals will be not receiving the correct dose of vaccine and they may not be well immunized.

Automatic system: In Line Sprayer (ILS)

ILS Automatic System is designed to be used in line on a conveyor belt conveying chick boxes. The machine is continuously fed and automatically regulates the passage of chicks under the nozzles. Chick boxes always circulate in the same direction in the machine (one-way traffic). With a rate of 100,000 to 120,000 chicks per hour, theses machines are intended for hatcheries of very high capacities in countries where labor is expensive. These machines are fully automatic and do not require any operator.

The sprayer unit is integrated within the day-old chicks processing conveyor. High vaccination efficacy can be reached in terms of quality and homogeneity thanks to two or four flat nozzles. The installation of such equipment could require conveyor engineering. Crates are not stopped while vaccination is performed. The most important drawback with this group is that operators do not normally pay enough attention to this automatic process and, in case any mis-adjustment or equipment failure occurs, the consequences of a deficient vaccine application can be dramati

Nebulization SystemsSemi-automatic system: Hatch Spray

Semi-automatic systems generally include a Plexiglas or Methacrylate compartment surmounted with four conical nozzles and the machine is mounted on a rolling table. The stacks of chick boxes to be vaccinated must be brought near the machine. The chick boxes are introduced manually by an operator on one side and removed on the same side (two-way traffic). Nebulization is automatically triggered when the chick box is fully inserted in the machine. The amount of vaccine solution nebulized is determined by a syringe plunger travel.

The most important drawback with this Semi-automatic sprayer operation is really time consuming. It takes time for the operator to correctly manipulate the crate and pull and push effect might affect day old chick distribution in the crate. As these machines monopolize an operator and have a vaccination rate of 30,000 to 50,000 chicks per hour, they are intended for hatcheries of low capacity.

Figure 4: Spray Pattern with Flat Nozzles

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Droplets of approximately 1µm (fine nebulization) will penetrate down to the lower trachea, the primary bronchi and the lungs, while smaller droplets (0.1µm) will reach the posterior air sacs. Fine nebulization is generally not used on day old chicks. It is reserved for vaccination boosters.

Spray vaccination is a massive vaccination method and its main difficulty lies in the need to get an optimal and homogeneous droplet size with an appropriate spray coverage (spray distribution). For vaccines with

respiratory tropism, there should be the fewest possible droplets of very small size (they will either evaporate in a dry atmosphere or go too far into the respiratory tract) and the fewest possible large droplets (they will fall directly on the floor before being inhaled or they will not penetrate far enough in the respiratory tract). It is desirable to have the most homogeneous droplet size around 170–150µm at emission site (nozzle) so as to obtain 3µm droplets upon contact with the chicks that are about twenty centimeters from the nozzle.

Figure 1: Conical Nozzle Figure 2: Flat Nozzle

Figure 3: Spray Pattern with Conical Nozzles

SPRAY DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERN

As mentioned before other main factor is to reach all the animals to contact with the sinus and tracheal mucous membranes and the Harderian gland. Spray distribution and pattern, will depends on pressure, vaccine volume per crate and nozzle type (conical or flat).

The combination of the appropriated equipment, regular and professional routine quality control actions to monitor the application, and the best innovative vaccines is a must for ensuring a good spray vaccination quality and, therefore, a good immunization of the chicks.

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Spray TechniqueProceduresDay-Old-Chicks spray vaccination in the hatchery is one of the most common vaccination practices per-formed worldwide. Traditionally, this vaccination method has been selected for the mass administration of vaccines against Newcastle disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) in the hatcheries, as it triggers local immunity in the upper respiratory tract and also stimulates general humoral immune response. Special care must be taken to dosage, droplet size and spray pattern to ensure a good quality administration in order to reach the best protection.

SPRAY TECHNIQUEDROPLET SIZE

The principle consists in bringing a live vaccine virus with tissue tropism for the respiratory system (ND, IB) in contact with the sinus and tracheal mucous membranes and the Harderian gland through microscopic droplets. Such stimulation will induce a local immunity based on cells and immunoglobulins A (IgA).

Also, traditionally, some coccidiosis vaccines are designed to be applied via spray, in larger drops, in order to have them settled down over the chicks for their subsequent ingestion. However, it is proven that new technology gel-drop coccidiosis vaccines administration show a better vaccination efficacy when applied in a gel-drop shape.

Needless to say that each type of vaccine will demand a specific spray characteristics (droplet size, distribution pattern, targeted tissue, etc.). If these conditions are not adequate for the type of the vaccine applied, obviously, the vaccination efficacy will drop down. The use of latest technology equipment, like the innovative automatic-smart In Line Sprayer (ILS), allows to reach a higher spray vaccination efficacy than ever.

Only by using the appropriated latest technology equipment and by performing the correspondent professional monitoring routines the right spray vaccination conditions are ensured.

Droplets are obtained by putting the vaccine solution under pressure and letting it out through a nozzle, above the animals to be vaccinated. Droplets will either reach the chicks’ eyes or nostrils directly, remain in suspension a few seconds before being inhaled or being deposit on their down.

The initial droplet size is determined by the type of nozzle and the pressure used. However, the initial droplet size greatly varies upon impact, as the droplet’s diameter greatly decreases by evaporation from the nozzle up to the nostrils of the chicks.

The smaller the droplets size upon impact, the further they will go into the respiratory tract, therefore, the greater the immune stimulation, but also the risk of Post-Vaccine Reactions (PVR), especially with less attenuated vaccine strains.

Upon contact, droplets larger than 3µm in diameter (coarse nebulization) will settle in the upper respiratory tract, which is desired for an initial vaccination against IB and ND. This is why in hatcheries, to obtain 3µm droplets upon impact on mucous membranes, the initial droplet size is usually set at 170–150µm for viruses with respiratory tropism.

Non-Uniform droplet size and distribution with standard sprayer cabinet

Uniform droplet size and distribution with new Desvac In Line Spray

Mohamed FathyHatchery Vaccination Services & Equipment Range Manager - Ceva Egypt

لقاح الجامبورو األشهر واألكثر مبیعًا على مستوى العالم

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Figure 1 - Transmune vaccine.

Specific Antibodies(Virus Protecting Immunoglobulins, VPI)

VPI protect the vaccine virus frommaternal antibodies

VPI avoid the early contact betweenthe embryo and the live virus.

VPI delay the virus release by 10 - 7days

VPI allow the adaptation of the Im-Cx toany MDA level at hatch

Vaccination on individual bases!

Vaccine Virus Strain(Winterfield 2512)

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Figure 2 - A -10year perspective of Transmune usage. (In billion doses used).

Turkey (HVT) is mainly used as a vector. Although these vaccines provide proper protection against clinical signs of IBDV, they are not fully colonising the bursa, leading to field IBD viruses being able to enter and replicate in the bursa.

Immune complex Gumboro vaccines Immune complex Gumboro vaccines are a suspension of a live attenuated Gumboro virus which is then mixed in with antise-rum against IBD. �e suspension needs to be in well-defined proportions and in strict procedures with antisera prepared in SPF chickens in order to contain a relevant balance between virus and antibodies. �e vaccine virus is in this way covered and consequently protected from recognition by the immune system of the chickens by specific immunoglobulins (Virus Protecting Immunoglobulins, or VPI). After injection, VPI are stored in the same way as MDA are stored in the dendritic cells. After decay of the MDA, the vaccine virus is released. �e take of the vaccine (which is demonstrated by the replication of the vaccine virus in the bursa) occurs when the MDA level has reached a su�icient level that allows the vaccine virus to leave the immune complex. �e benefits of this technology are that the quality and strength of the protection comes from replication of a complete intermediate plus type live IBD vaccine, resulting in full pro-tection against clinical signs, complete resistance against infec-tion, high reduction of shedding and no selection of farm IBDV population. �e vaccine adapts to the immune status of each individual chicken and replicates at the optimum time. Due to the VPI, the vaccine does not get neutralised by MDA allowing it to be applied in the presence of passive immunity. Also, the vaccine has to be injected in the hatchery, improving reliability, quality and consistency of the vaccine application compared to drinking water vaccination. Finally, the vaccine fully colonises the bursa, blocking the entry of field IBD virus-es. �e safety of the immune complex vaccine is similar to the safety of intermediate plus type Gumboro vaccines, with the additional advantage that every individual chicken is immu-nised with the same, well controlled dose of vaccine. When considering the various elements of e�icacy of Gumboro vaccines and the capacity to not only protect against clinical signs, but also to control Gumboro disease, immune complex Gumboro vaccines are very attractive compared to other

vaccines. Provided passive immunity is adapted to the challeng-ing farm Gumboro virus and cleaning and disinfection proce-dures have been well respected, active immunity can be induced before challenge occurs and will successfully resist whatever level of Gumboro challenge there is. Chickens will be highly resistant to infection and consequently reduce shedding of the challenge virus. As a result, cycle after cycle, virus pressure will decrease, and no selection pressure on the farm is induced.

Transmune vaccine solutionTransmune is a Gumboro disease immune complex vaccine consisting of the original Winterfield 2512 strain which is blended with specific antibodies called Virus Protecting Immunoglobulins, see Figure 1. �e product was developed in the 90's, after which it was registered in many countries in Asia, Latin America and later in Europe. Currently the vaccine is marketed in over 75 countries worldwide. As Figure 2 shows, it has been used in over 53 billion broilers worldwide since 2006. As the vaccine is registered in Europe a unique QC procedure had to be developed safeguarding the e�icacy and safety of the vaccine. Every single production batch is thoroughly tested using a CID (Chick Infective Dose) 50 test. �is test is used with live birds and with the final blended vaccine to guarantee the potency and safety of the vaccine. As the formulation between attenuated vaccine virus and specific antibodies needs to be extensively tested, to have the optimum balance for the safety and e�icacy of the product, more than 100 different for-mulations were tested before introduction on the market. In order to monitor the correct application of the vaccine, Ceva developed and implemented several years ago the C.H.I.C.K program. More recently Ceva has introduced the GPS-IBD services to screen IBD pressure on farms and to monitor the replication of Transmune in the bursa. �ese ser-vice programs are services by local and fully dedicated vaccina-tion services managers and veterinary services experts. Several scientific papers and publications are available which demon-strate the e�icacy, safety and compatibility of the vaccine. A good example is the compatibility between Transmune and Vectormune ND providing protection against Gumboro, Newcastle Disease and Marek's Disease in one application.

Source : Gumboro special 2016 magazine Powered by Ceva & World Poultry

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Gumboro control and vaccination

One of the major contributors to controlling Gumboro disease is vaccination. Vaccines to control the clinical signs of Gumboro have been used successfully since the initial outbreak of Gumboro disease in the 1960s'.

By Rick van Oort, Christophe Cazaban and Yannick Gardin,Ceva Santé Animale (Ceva)

As the Gumboro virus is a very persistent virus and can easily survive in the environment, com-plete Gumboro control is only possible with a strong focus on cleaning and disinfection, in addition to a solid breeder vaccination program

to provide high and prolonged Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDA) in order to prevent early infection of the field Gumboro virus. Also, an e�icacious and well applied Gumboro vaccine in offspring (broilers or layers) is essential.

Vaccine choicesIn order to control Gumboro disease several vaccine options are widely available and used. Some have been available for quite some time already, whereas others are more innovative and more recently introduced.

• Inactivated (or killed) Gumboro vaccines contain a high amount of inactivated whole or subunit IBD virus pre-sented in a mineral oil emulsion. �ese vaccines are given to boost antibodies for the bird and/or to boost MDA for breeders.

• Conventional live attenuated Gumboro vaccines are live attenuated Gumboro viruses that replicate in the bursa of Fabricius, resulting in immunity generated by the replica-tion of the whole virus. �ere are different Gumboro dis-ease virus strains used in the vaccines and there are differ-ent levels of attenuation: Vaccine types are categorised in 'Mild' which are highly attenuated, 'Intermediate' which are very attenuated, 'Intermediate Plus' which are moder-ately attenuated and 'Hot' which are poorly attenuated.

• Immune-complex IBD vaccines are prepared from live attenuated IBDV strains of the intermediate plus type, mixed in with specific anti IBDV serum to regulate safety and release of the vaccine once the MDA levels of the bird are reduced. A correct balance between the IBD virus and the anti IBDV antibodies is of crucial impor-tance for the e�icacy and safety of these vaccines. �ese vaccines have the ability to fully colonise the bursa and to protect against all field IBD viruses.

• Vector IBD vaccines are constructed from a genetically engineered virus (the vector) whose genome contains a gene from a specific IBDV (the donor) encoding for the VP2 capsid protein. As of today the Herpes Virus of

Contents

Edited by Ceva Sante Animale Egypte

Tel.: +(202) Fax: +(202)

25171437 - 27538183 25171438

5 Street 277 - New Maadi 11435 Cairo - Egypt

Cevac IBird Vaccine

7Infectious Bronchitis (IB)

3Ceva News

13 Gumboro Control and Vaccination

22 Spray Vaccination Mastitis Treatment in

Cattles

11 18

EditorialBefore it is too late and winter comes … What should we do together to avoid disasters?

The poultry industry has gone through challenging conditions for several years, especially after the outbreak of Avian Influenza (Bird Flu). The export of live poultry, eggs, and meat was put on hold, after it had been the driving force for breeders and companies to proper, and for this industry to flourish, for millions of workers and technicians to earn livelihood, and for billions of pounds to be placed into investment. This industry is known for production of the cheapest animal protein-the main source of food for the poor and middle class in Egypt, which represents more than 80% of the total population.Since winter of 2006, we have faced many disasters-most notably the outbreak of serious bird flu on farms and firms, which caused high mortality rates and huge financial and human losses. As a result, the world organiza-tions had to act with the Egyptian authorities to avoid a disaster that may result in a devastating pandemic-as the case with Spain and Mexico-that claims millions of lives.We have been meeting and discussing for 11 years. However, when it comes to reality, there is a widening gap between producers, one the one hand, and the official authorities and Egyptian Poultry Association, on the other hand. The Egyptian Poultry Association controls only 15% of this industry. Howev-er, it produces 65% of the total chicks in Egypt. Roughly 85% of the producers are not afforded the sufficient support by the Egyptian Poultry Association or the State at the times of crises or early on.It is not reasonable for a country like Egypt whose population is about to surpass 100 million people to tackle such a serious epidemic as bird flu this way. There is a clear road map that needs champions to put into action.

Ten years ago, Ceva presented clear actions in this field:Put in place a clear policy for live sale of poultry to stop the widespread of the disease;Regularize the positions of the poultry shops in compliance with law;Suspend the sale of poultry on public markets until the problem is addressed;Compel the large-size producers of chicks to comply with clear and binding guidelines to follow the biosecurity methods;Improve the role of slaughterhouses on a large scale;Raise the awareness among producers on biosecurity and significance of vaccination and its method through media, and disseminate informa-tion on bird flu and how to address it only.Intensify the veterinary laboratories all over the Republic and support the producers through free or subsidized testing and examinations for early detection of the disease;Establish landfills in each governorate and province where poultry is processed to dispose of the dead poultries and to encourage the produc-ers to perform the same;Prevent the transport of the poultry litter from one governorate to another;Compel the companies producing 1-day-old chicks to abide by vaccina-tion with “Vectormune® AI”—the only efficient vaccine that has been tried and tested in Egypt for years. Attention must be given to vaccination as a separate process in hatcheries. The Egyptian Poultry Association should bear the entire cost of vaccination, with the help of the Ministry of Agriculture and major companies by customizing the sale fees collected on each chick by the Egyptian Poultry Association, and allocating such amounts to this purpose.

Let's hit the ground running for one year only … Before winter comes … Before it becomes too late.

DR.Mohamed Abed