maglev presentation final

8/2/2019 Maglev Presentation Final

1/26

Maglev TrainsMaglev Trains

Trains that fly..Trains that fly..


2/26

WHAT IS A MAGLEV?WHAT IS A MAGLEV?

A MAGLEV is a MAGnetically LEVitated train,A MAGLEV is a MAGnetically LEVitated train,that relies more on magnetic systems thanthat relies more on magnetic systems than

mechanical systems for its propulsion andmechanical systems for its propulsion and

stability.stability.


3/26

TYPES OF MAGLEVSTYPES OF MAGLEVS

EDS TypeEDS Type-- This type uses wheels to reach liftThis type uses wheels to reach lift--off velocity ( typically at 100mph)and thenoff velocity ( typically at 100mph)and thenretracts the wheels and then usesretracts the wheels and then uses

electromagnets for levitation and propulsion.electromagnets for levitation and propulsion.One of the early developed models.One of the early developed models.

EMS TypeEMS Type-- This type uses onlyThis type uses only

electromagnets for levitation and propulsion.electromagnets for levitation and propulsion. INDUCTRACKINDUCTRACK-- This is a variant of EDSThis is a variant of EDS

Type it uses induction coils for levitation.Type it uses induction coils for levitation.


4/26

EMS TYPE MAGLEVEMS TYPE MAGLEVSYSTEMSYSTEM

EX:EX:-- Shanghai MAGLEV , ChinaShanghai MAGLEV , China

Commercially availableCommercially available


5/26

HOW MAGLEV TRAINS WORKHOW MAGLEV TRAINS WORK

STABILTY

The electromagnets on

the underside of the train

pull it up to the

ferromagnetic stators onthe track and levitate the

train.

The magnets on the side

keep the train from moving

from side to side.

A computer changes the

amount of current to keep

the train 1 cm from the

track.

This means there is no friction

between the train and the track!


6/26

HOW MAGLEV TRAINS WORKHOW MAGLEV TRAINS WORK

PROPULSIONPROPULSION

The propulsion is doneThe propulsion is done

using an Linear Motor.using an Linear Motor.

ALinear Motor can beALinear Motor can bevisualized as fixing rotorvisualized as fixing rotor

part of a motor on train andpart of a motor on train and

cutting open stator partcutting open stator part

parallel to its axis and layingparallel to its axis and layingit along the track.it along the track.

There by a Linear MotorThere by a Linear Motor

provides horizontal pushprovides horizontal push

rather than torque.rather than torque.


7/26

PROPULSION MECHANISMThe system consists of

aluminum or copper cable

windings in the stator packs

that are on the guide way.When a current is supplied

to the windings, it creates a

traveling alternating current

that propels the trainforward by pushing and

pulling.


8/26

When the alternating current is reversed, the train brakes.

Different speeds are achieved by varying the intensity of thecurrent.

Only the section of track where the train is traveling is

electrified.

.


9/26

POWER SUPPLYPOWER SUPPLY

Batteries on the train power the system and also itsBatteries on the train power the system and also its

propulsion.propulsion.

Levitation system uses less power than the trains airLevitation system uses less power than the trains air

conditioning.conditioning.

Onboard batteries are rechargeable and are doneOnboard batteries are rechargeable and are done

using its linear generators.using its linear generators.


10/26

U TYPE TRACK MAGLEVU TYPE TRACK MAGLEV

EX:EX:-- Chuo Shinkansen , of Japan (EDSChuo Shinkansen , of Japan (EDS

Type) (commercially not available).Type) (commercially not available).


11/26

HowChuo Shinkansen WorksHowChuo Shinkansen Works

Type of Magnet Uses

This train uses superconducting electric magnets in the vehicle to

levitate and propel the train. These magnets are cooled by liquid

helium or liquid nitrogen. This means that once electrified thesemagnets require very less energy afterwards to maintain the field.


12/26

Propulsion

A

n alternating current is ran through electromagnet coils on theguide walls of the guide way. This creates a magnetic field that

attracts and repels the superconducting magnets on the train and

propels the train forward.

B

raking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in thereverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive

forces.


13/26

Levitation

The passing of the superconducting magnets by figure eightlevitation coils on the side of the tract induces a current in the

coils and creates a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward

so that it can levitate 10 cm above the track.

The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it isequipped with retractable wheels.


14/26

Lateral Guidance

When one side of the train nears the side of the guide way, thesuper conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force

from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an

attractive force from the coils on the farther side. This keeps the

train in the center.


15/26

INDUCTRACK SYSTEMINDUCTRACK SYSTEM

Still in researchStill in research


16/26

INDUCTRACKSYSTEM uses halbach array ofINDUCTRACKSYSTEM uses halbach array of

permanent magnets onboard and unpowered loops ofpermanent magnets onboard and unpowered loops of

wires on track for levitation, it works on lenz law.wires on track for levitation, it works on lenz law.

Only power required is to overcome air andOnly power required is to overcome air and

electromagnetic dragelectromagnetic drag

For propulsion it uses a conventional Linear MotorFor propulsion it uses a conventional Linear Motor


17/26

IN THEEND.IN THEEND.

Based on the pros and cons ofBased on the pros and cons of

different modelsdifferent models

and our limitations we decide toand our limitations we decide to

build an Ibuild an I--TYPE EMSTYPE EMSMAGLEV train, that will beMAGLEV train, that will be

run on a 30 meter track. Werun on a 30 meter track. We

planned to use aC

planned to use aC

--TypeTypelevitation system that hasntlevitation system that hasnt

been used till now in thebeen used till now in the

commercial market ,but hascommercial market ,but has

proven itself in the test runs.proven itself in the test runs.


18/26

TRAIN DIMENSIONSTRAIN DIMENSIONS

The train will be of 800x250x100 mm inThe train will be of 800x250x100 mm in

dimensions .dimensions .


19/26

LEVITATION SYSTEMLEVITATION SYSTEM

The train is stabilizedThe train is stabilized

by Cby C--Type levitationType levitation

system .system .

CC--Type levitationType levitation

doesnt require anydoesnt require any

additional guidanceadditional guidance

system , the guidancesystem , the guidanceforce is generatedforce is generated

due its design.due its design.


20/26

ADVANTAGES OF C TYPEADVANTAGES OF C TYPE

LEVITATION OVER FLAT PANELLEVITATION OVER FLAT PANEL

In CIn C--Type levitationType levitation

a substantial amounta substantial amount

of restoring force isof restoring force is

developed than a flatdeveloped than a flat

panel one.panel one.

Thereby in CThereby in C--TypeType

no extra guidanceno extra guidancecoils are required .coils are required .


21/26

FORCE OF LEVITATIONFORCE OF LEVITATION

The force of levitation wasThe force of levitation was

found to be as shownfound to be as shown

Mu is the permeability constant,Mu is the permeability constant,

N is no. of turns,I is the currentN is no. of turns,I is the currentflowing through the wire, A isflowing through the wire, A is

the area of cross section ofthe area of cross section of

electromagnetic limb and delta iselectromagnetic limb and delta is

the gap between thethe gap between the

electromagnet and iron coreelectromagnet and iron core


22/26

Typically on a values of N = 2000/mtr,Typically on a values of N = 2000/mtr,

A=2x10^(A=2x10^(--3)square meter, delta = 10 mm, i= 13)square meter, delta = 10 mm, i= 1

ampere , we get a force of nearly 240 newtonsampere , we get a force of nearly 240 newtons

that is sufficient for this model.that is sufficient for this model.

And the resonant frequency of guidance forceAnd the resonant frequency of guidance force

at its mean position has a value 6 .6 Hz whereat its mean position has a value 6 .6 Hz where

as expected and practical values are to lieas expected and practical values are to liebetween 1Hz to 10 Hz .between 1Hz to 10 Hz .


23/26

MATERIALS USED IN BUILDINGMATERIALS USED IN BUILDING

OF TRAINOF TRAIN

The trains chassis will be mainly made up ofThe trains chassis will be mainly made up ofaluminum to ,with an iron cage to shieldaluminum to ,with an iron cage to shieldelectronic circuitry from strong magnetic fields.electronic circuitry from strong magnetic fields.

The other parts including the body of maglevThe other parts including the body of maglevwill be made of Fiber Reinforced Plastic.will be made of Fiber Reinforced Plastic.

The train will have basic ambience andThe train will have basic ambience and

rechargeable batteries onboard similar to therechargeable batteries onboard similar to theexisting models.existing models.

The trains motion and ambience will beThe trains motion and ambience will becontrolled from ground stations similar to realcontrolled from ground stations similar to real

ones.ones.


24/26

BUDGETBUDGET

We as of now have not got any replies forWe as of now have not got any replies for

price quotations so we are estimating it mightprice quotations so we are estimating it might

cost us approximately 50,000/cost us approximately 50,000/-- to 60,000/to 60,000/-- Rs.Rs.


25/26

THANK YOUTHANK YOU


26/26

REFERENCESREFERENCES

Integrated electromagnetic levitation and

guidance system for the Swiss Metro

project, by DARRIGO Aldo, RUFERAlfred,

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.

Wikipedia.

maglev presentation final

Documents