magnabend - electomagmetic sheet metal bending machine

7/30/2019 Magnabend - Electomagmetic Sheet Metal Bending Machine

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EBCGBOKGN KMKA^_F%EBCGK^DA Q@KK^ EK^BM OKGNDGC EBA@DGK

^`ds pbck afgtbdgs mdghs tf vbrdfus ft`kr pbcks t`bt `bvk mfts

fi dgifrebtdfg bofut t`k /Ebcgbokgn/ kmkatrfebcgktda s`kkt

ektbm ifmndgc eba`dgk'

(^`ksk pbcks `bvk okkg but`frkn oy t`k dgvkgtfr$'

Frdcdgbm \btkgt- 2439- Dgvkgtfr: Bmbg Ofttfemky- (\NI$2'

@dgck \btkgt- 240;- Dgvkgtfr: Ckfii Ikgtfg- (\NI$'?'

@dstfry fi Nkvkmfpekgt bgn Ebguibaturk'1'

Iugnbekgtbms fi @fw t`k Ebcgbokgn Sfrhs>'

Iugnbekgtbms fi t`k Ebcgbokgn Kmkatrdabm Adraudt;'

Oudmn Tfur Fwg Ebcgbokgn9'

Ckttdgc Efrk Fut fi Tfur Ebcgbokgn3'

\fssdomk Iuturk Nkvkmfpekgts0'

[skr Ebgubm ifr Efnkms 9;<K- 2<<<K- bgn 2?;<K

(\NI$'

4'

[skr Ebgubm ifr efnkms ?<<<K- ?;<<K- 1?<<K (\NI$'2<'

Ebcgbokgn ^rfuomk Q`fftdgc Cudnk22'

^`k vdnkf okmfw wbs ebnk oy Ebcgktda Kgcdgkkrdgc dg 2441

Dt wbs idmekn dg fur Ebcgbokgn ibatfry dg Hdgcstfg-

^bsebgdb'

^`ds pbck mbst upnbtkn ?9 Qkptkeokr ?<2?



EBCGBOKGN % I[GNBEKG^BM NKQDCG AFGQDNK_B^DFGQ

OBQDA EBCGK^ NKQDCG

^`k Ebcgbokgn eba`dgk ds nksdcgkn bs b pfwkrium NA ebcgkt wdt` mdedtkn nuty ayamk'^`k eba`dgk afgsdsts fi 1 obsda pbrts:

2$ ^`k ebcgkt ofny w`da` ifres t`k obsk fi t`k eba`dgk bgn afgtbdgs t`k kmkatrf%ebcgkt afdm'

?$ ^`k ambep obr w`da` prfvdnks b pbt` ifr ebcgktda imux oktwkkg t`k pfmks fi t`k ebcgkt obsk- bgn

t`krkoy ambeps t`k s`kktektbm wfrhpdkak'

1$ ^`k okgndgc okbe w`da` ds pdvftkn tf t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ebcgkt ofny bgn prfvdnks b ekbgs ifr

bppmydgc okgndgc ifrak tf t`k wfrhpdkak'

Ebcgkt%Ofny Afgidcurbtdfgs:Ybrdfus afgidcurbtdfgs brk pfssdomk ifr t`k ebcgkt ofny' @krk brk ? t`bt `bvk oft` okkg uskn ifr Ebcgbokgn

eba`dgks:

^`k nbs`kn rkn mdgks dg t`k nrbwdgcs bofvk rkprkskgt t`k ebcgktda imux pbt`s' Gftk t`bt t`k ”[%^ypk― nksdcg

`bs b sdgcmk imux pbt`wby (2 pbdr fi pfmks$ w`krkbs t`k ”K%^ypk― nksdcg `bs ? imux pbt`wbys (? pbdrs fi pfmks$'

Ebcgkt Afgidcurbtdfg Afepbrdsfg:



^`k K%typk afgidcurbtdfg ds efrk kiidadkgt t`bg t`k t`k [%typk afgidcurbtdfg'

^f ugnkrstbgn w`y t`ds ds sf afgsdnkr t`k twf nrbwdgcs okmfw'

Fg t`k mkit ds b arfss%skatdfg fi b [%typk ebcgkt bgn fg t`k rdc`t ds bg K%typk ebcgkt t`bt `bs okkg ebnk

oy afeodgdgc ? fi t`k sbek [%typks' Di kba` ebcgkt afgidcurbtdfg ds nrdvkg oy b afdm wdt` t`k sbek

bepkrk%turgs t`kg amkbrmy t`k nfuomkn%up ebcgkt (t`k K%typk$ wdmm `bvk twdak bs eua` ambepdgc ifrak' Dt bmsfusks twdak bs eua` stkkm out `brnmy bgy efrk wdrk ifr t`k afdm"

(^`k sebmm befugt fi kxtrb wdrk wfumn ok gkknkn fgmy okabusk t`k ? twf mkcs fi t`k afdm brk iurt`kr bpbrt dg t`k

/K/ nksdcg- out t`ds kxtrb okafeks dgsdcgdidabgt dg b mfgc afdm nksdcg sua` bs uskn ifr t`k Ebcgbokgn$'

Qupkr Ebcgbokgn:

f oudmn bg kvkg efrk pfwkrium ebcgkt t`k /K/ afgakpt abg ok kxtkgnkn sua` bs t`ds nfuomk%K afgidcurbtdfg:

1%N Efnkm:

Okmfw ds b 1%N nrbwdgc s`fwdgc t`k obsda brrbgckekgt fi pbrts dg b [%typk ebcgkt:



Dg t`ds nksdcg t`k Irfgt bgn _kbr pfmks brk skpbrbtk pdkaks bgn brk bttba`kn oy ofmts tf t`k Afrk pdkak'

Bmt`fuc` dg prdgadpmk- dt wfumn ok pfssdomk tf eba`dgk b [%typk ebcgkt ofny irfe b sdgcmk pdkak fi stkkm- dt

wfumn t`kg gft ok pfssdomk tf dgstbmm t`k afdm bgn t`us t`k afdm wfumn `bvk tf ok wfugn dg sdtu (fg t`k eba`dgkn

ebcgkt ofny$'

Dg b prfnuatdfg sdtubtdfg dt ds `dc`my nksdrbomk tf ok bomk tf wdgn t`k afdmsskpbrbtkmy (fg b spkadbm ifrekr$' ^`us b [%typk nksdcg kiikatdvkmy ndatbtks b

ibordabtkn afgstruatdfg'

Fg t`k ft`kr `bgn t`k K%typk nksdcg mkgns dtskmi wkmm tf b ebcgkt ofny

eba`dgkn irfe b sdgcmk pdkak fi stkkm okabusk b prk%ebnk afdm abg kbsdmy okdgstbmmkn bitkr t`k ebcgkt ofny `bs okkg eba`dgkn' B sdgcmk%pdkak ebcgkt

ofny bmsf pkrifres okttkr ebcgktdabmmy bs dt nfks gft `bvk bgy ”afgstruatdfgcbps― w`da` wfumn ft`krwdsk rknuak t`k ebcgktda imux (bgn `kgak t`k

ambepdgc ifrak$ b mdttmk'

(Efst Ebcgbokgns ebnk bitkr 244< kepmfykn t`k K%typk nksdcg$'

'

'

Qkmkatdfg fi Ebtkrdbm ifr Ebcgkt Afgstruatdfg

^`k ebcgkt ofny bgn t`k ambepobr eust ok ebnk irfe ikrrfebcgktda (ebcgktdsbomk$ ebtkrdbm' Qtkkm ds oy ibr t`k a`kbpkst ikrrfebcgktda ebtkrdbm bgn ds t`k fovdfus a`fdak' @fwkvkr t`krk brk vbrdfus spkadbm stkkms

bvbdmbomk w`da` edc`t ok afgsdnkrkn'

2$ Qdmdafg Qtkkm : @dc` rksdstdvdty stkkm w da` ds usubmmy bvbdmbomk dg t`dg mbedgbtdfgs bgn ds uskn dg BAtrbgsifrekrs- BA ebcgkts- rkmbys kta' Dts prfpkrtdks brk gft rkqudrkn ifr t`k Ebcgbokgn w`da` ds b NA

ebcgkt'

?$ Qfit Drfg: ^`ds ebtkrdbm wfumn kx`dodt mfwkr rksdnubm ebcgktdse w`da` wfumn ok cffn ifr b Ebcgbokgn

eba`dgk out dt ds p`ysdabmmy sfit w`da` wfumn ekbg t`bt dt wfumn ok kbsdmy nkgtkn bgn nbebckn8 dt dsokttkr tf sfmvk t`k rksdnubm ebcgktdse prfomke sfek ft`kr wby'

1$ Abst Drfg: Gft bs kbsdmy ebcgktdskn bs rfmmkn stkkm out afumn ok afgsdnkrkn'

>$ Qtbdgmkss Qtkkm ypk >29: Abggft ok ebcgktdskn bs strfgcmy bs stkkm bgn ds eua` efrk kxpkgsdvk (out

eby ok uskium ifr b t`dg prftkatdvk abppdgc suribak fg t`k ebcgkt ofny$'



;$ Qtbdgmkss Qtkkm ypk 129: ^`ds ds b gfg%ebcgktda bmmfy fi stkkm bgn ds t`krkifrk gft sudtbomk bt bmm (kxakpt

bs dg > bofvk$'

9$ Ekndue Abrofg Qtkkm- k'c' typk H2<>;: ^`ds ebtkrdbm ds kedgkgtmy sudtbomk ifr t`k afgstruatdfg fi t`k

ebcgkt- (bgn ft`kr pbrts fi t`k eba`dgk$' Dt ds rkbsfgbomy `brn dg t`k bs%suppmdkn afgndtdfg bgn dt bmsfeba`dgks wkmm'

Gftk t`bt t`k depfrtbgt prfpkrtdks t`bt brk rkqudrkn brk:

2$ @dc` sbturbtdfg ebcgktdsbtdfg' (Efst stkkm bmmfys sbturbtk bt brfugn ? ksmb$-?$ Bvbdmbodmdty fi uskium skatdfg sdzks-

1$ _ksdstbgak tf dgadnkgtbm nbebck-

>$ Eba`dgbodmdty- bgn

;$ _kbsfgbomk afst'

Ekndue abrofg stkkm idts bmm t`ksk rkqudrkekgts wkmm' Mfw abrofg stkkm afumn bmsf ok uskn out dt ds mkssrksdstbgt tf dgadnkgtbm nbebck' ^`krk bmsf kxdst ft`kr spkadbm bmmfys- sua` bs supkrekgnur- w`da` `bvk `dc`kr sbturbtdfg ebcgktdsbtdfg out t`ky brk gft tf ok afgsdnkrkn okabusk fi t`kdr vkry `dc` afst afepbrkn tf stkkm'

Ekndue abrofg stkkm nfks `fwkvkr kx`dodt sfek rksdnubm ebcgktdse w`da` ds kgfuc` tf ok b gudsbgak' (Qkk

skatdfg fg _ksdnubm Ebcgktdse$'

^`k Afdm

^`k afdm ds w`bt nrdvks t`k ebcgktdsdgc imux t`ru t`k kmkatrfebcgkt' Dts ebcgktdsdgc ifrak ds just t`k prfnuat fi

t`k gueokr fi turgs (G$ bgn t`k afdm aurrkgt (D$' ^ùs:

G 5 gueokr fi turgs

D 5 aurrkgt dg t`k wdgndgcs'

^`k bppkbrbgak fi ”G― dg t`k bofvk ifreumb mkbns tf b afeefg edsafgakptdfg'

Dt ds wdnkmy bssuekn t`bt dgarkbsdgc t`k gueokr fi turgs wdmm dgarkbsk t`k ebcgktdsdgc ifrak out ckgkrbmmy t`ds

nfks gft `bppkg okabusk kxtrb turgs bmsf rknuak t`k aurrkgt- D'

Afgsdnkr b afdm suppmdkn wdt` b idxkn NA vfmtbck' Di t`k gueokr fi turgs ds nfuomkn t`kg t`k rksdstbgak fi t`k

wdgndgcs wdmm bmsf ok nfuomkn bgn tùs t`k aurrkgt wdmm ok `bmvkn' ^`k gkt kiikat ds gf dgarkbsk dg GD '

S`bt rkbmmy nktkredgks GD ds t`k rksdstbgak pkr turg' ^ùs tf dgarkbsk GD t`k t`dahgkss fi t`k wdrk eust ok

dgarkbskn' ^`k vbmuk fi kxtrb turgs ds t`bt t`ky nf rknuak aurrkgt bgn t`krkifrk t`k pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg dg t`kafdm'

^`k nksdcgkr s`fumn ok edgnium t`bt t`k wdrk cubck ds w`bt rkbmmy nktkredgks t`k ebcgktdsdgc ifrak fi

t`k afdm' ^`ds ds t`k efst depfrtbgt pbrbektkr fi afdm nksdcg'

^`k GD prfnuat ds fitkg rkikrrkn tf bs t`k ”bepkrk turgs― fi t`k afdm'

@fw Ebgy Bepkrk ûrgs brk Gkknkn6

Qtkkm kx`dodts b sbturbtdfg ebcgktdsbtdfg fi bofut ? ^ksmb bgn t`ds skts b iugnbekgtbm mdedt fg `fw euaàmbepdgc ifrak abg ok fotbdgkn'



Irfe t`k bofvk crbp` wk skk t`bt t`k idkmn strkgct` rkqudrkn tf ckt b imux nkgsdty fi ? ^ksmb ds bofut 1<-<<<

bepkrk%turgs pkr ektrk'

Gfw- ifr b typdabm Ebcgbokgn nksdcg- t`k imux pbt` mkgct` dg t`k stkkm ds bofut 2&2<t`

fi b ektkr bgn t`krkifrkwdmm rkqudrk (1<-<<<&2<$ B^ tf prfnuak sbturbtdfg- t`bt ds bofut 1-<<< B^'

Dt wfumn ok gdak tf `bvk ebgy efrk bepkrk turgs t`bg t`ds sf t`bt sbturbtdfg ebcgktdsbtdfg afumn ok

ebdgtbdgkn kvkg w`kg gfg%ebcgktda cbps (dk gfg%ikrrfus wfrhpdkaks$ brk dgtrfnuakn dgtf t`k ebcgktda adraudt'

@fwkvkr kxtrb bepkrk turgs abg fgmy ok cbdgkn bt crkbt afst (squbrk mbw$ dg pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg fr afst fi afppkr wdrk- fr oft`' ^ùs b afeprfedsk ds gkknkn'

^ypdabm Ebcgbokgn nksdcgs `bvk b afdm w`da` prfnuaks 1-0<< bepkrk turgs'

Gftk t`bt t`ds idcurk ds gft nkpkgnkgt fg t`k mkgct` fi t`k eba`dgk' Di t`k sbek ebcgktda nksdcg ds bppmdknfvkr b rbgck fi eba`dgk mkgct`s t`kg dt ndatbtks t`bt t`k mfgckr eba`dgks wdmm `bvk ikwkr turgs fi t`dahkr wdrk'

^`ky wdmm nrbw efrk tftbm aurrkgt out wdmm `bvk t`k sbek prfnuat fi beps x turgs bgn wdmm `bvk t`k sbekambepdgc ifrak (bgn t`k sbek pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg$ pkr ugdt fi mkgct`'

Nuty Ayamk

^`k afgakpt fi nuty ayamk ds b vkry depfrtbgt bspkat fi t`k nksdcg fi t`k kmkatrfebcgkt' Di t`k nksdcg prfvdnks

ifr efrk nuty ayamk t`bg ds gkknkn t`kg dt ds gft fptdeue' Efrk nuty ayamk dg`krkgtmy ekbgs t`bt efrk afppkr wdrk wdmm ok gkknkn (wdt` afgskqukgt `dc`kr afst$ bgn&fr t`krk wdmm ok mkss ambepdgc ifrak bvbdmbomk'

Gftk: B `dc`kr nuty ayamk ebcgkt wdmm `bvk mkss pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg w`da` ekbgs t`bt dt wdmm usk mkss kgkrcy bgn

tùs ok a`kbpkr tf fpkrbtk' @fwkvkr- okabusk t`k ebcgkt ds FG ifr fgmy ordki pkrdfns t`kg t`k kgkrcy afst fi

fpkrbtdfg ds usubmmy rkcbrnkn bs okdgc fi vkry mdttmk sdcgdidabgak' ^ùs t`k nksdcg bpprfba` ds tf `bvk bs eua`pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg bs yfu abg ckt bwby wdt` dg tkres fi gft fvkr`kbtdgc t`k wdgndgcs fi t`k afdm' (^`ds bpprfba`

ds afeefg tf efst kmkatrfebcgkt nksdcgs$'

^`k Ebcgbokgn ds nksdcgkn ifr b gfedgbm nuty ayamk fi bofut ?;+'

^ypdabmmy dt tbhks fgmy ? fr 1 skafgns tf ebhk b okgn' ^`k ebcgkt wdmm t`kg ok fii ifr b iurt`kr 0 tf 2< skafgnsw`dmk t`k wfrhpdkak ds rkpfsdtdfgkn bgn bmdcgkn rkbny ifr t`k gkxt okgn' Di t`k ?;+ nuty ayamk ds kxakknkn

t`kg kvkgtubmmy t`k ebcgkt wdmm ckt tff `ft bgn b t`krebm fvkrmfbn wdmm trdp' ^`k ebcgkt wdmm gft ok nbebcknout dt wdmm `bvk tf ok bmmfwkn tf affm ifr bofut 1< edgutks okifrk okdgc uskn bcbdg'



Fpkrbtdfgbm kxpkrdkgak wdt` eba`dgks dg t`k idkmn `bs s`fwg t`bt t`k ?;+ nuty ayamk ds qudtk bnkqubtk ifr

typdabm uskrs' Dg ibat sfek uskrs `bvk rkqukstkn fptdfgbm `dc` pfwkr vkrsdfgs fi t`k eba`dgk w`da` `bvkefrk ambepdgc ifrak bt t`k kxpkgsk fi mkss nuty ayamk'

Afdm Arfss%Qkatdfgbm Brkb

^`k arfss skatdfgbm brkb bvbdmbomk ifr t`k afdm wdmm nktkredgk t`k ebxdeue befugt fi afppkr wdrk w`da` abg okidttkn dg' ^`k brkb bvbdmbomk s`fumn gft ok efrk t`bg ds gkknkn- afgsdstkgt wdt` rkqudrkn bepkrk turgs bgn

pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg' \rfvdndgc efrk spbak ifr t`k afdm wdmm dgkvdtbomy dgarkbsk t`k sdzk fi t`k ebcgkt bgn rksumt dgb mfgckr imux pbt` mkgct` dg t`k stkkm (w`da` wdmm rknuak t`k tftbm imux$'

^`k sbek brcuekgt depmdks t`bt w`btkvkr afdm spbak ds prfvdnkn dg t`k nksdcg dt s`fumn bmwbys ok bs iumm bs

pfssdomk wdt` afppkr wdrk' Di dt ds gft iumm t`kg dt ekbgs t`bt t`k ebcgkt ckfektry afumn `bvk okkg okttkr'

Ebcgbokgn Ambepdgc Ifrak:

^`k crbp` okmfw wbs fotbdgkn oy kxpkrdekgtbm ekbsurkekgts- out dt bcrkks ibdrmy wkmm wdt` t`kfrktdabm

abmaumbtdfgs'

^`k ambepdgc ifrak abg ok ebt`kebtdabmmy abmaumbtkn irfe t`ds ifreumb:

I 5 ifrak dg Gkwtfgs

O 5 ebcgktda imux nkgsdty dg ^ksmbs

B 5 brkb fi pfmks dg e?

»<5 ebcgktda pkrekbodmdty afgstbgt'

Ifr bg kxbepmk wk wdmm abmaumbtk t`k ambepdgc ifrak ifr b imux nkgsdty fi ? ^ksmb:

^`us I 5 µ (?$?

B&»<



Ifr b ifrak fg ugdt brkb (prkssurk$ wk abg nrfp t`k ”B― dg t`k ifreumb'

^ùs \rkssurk 5 ?&»< 5 ?&(>p x 2<%3$ G&e?'

^`ds afeks fut tf 2-;4<-<<< G&e?'

^f afgvkrt t`ds tf hdmfcrbes ifrak dt abg ok ndvdnkn oy c (4'02$'

^ùs: \rkssurk 5 29?-<0< hc&e? 5 29'? hc&ae?'

^`ds bcrkks rbt`kr wkmm wdt` t`k ekbsurkn ifrak ifr b zkrf cbp s`fwg fg t`k bofvk crbp`'

^`ds idcurk abg kbsdmy ok afgvkrtkn tf b tftbm ambepdgc ifrak ifr b cdvkg eba`dgk oy eumtdpmydgc dt oy t`k pfmk

brkb fi t`k eba`dgk' Ifr t`k efnkm 2?;<K t`k pfmk brkb ds 3?; ae?'

^ùs t`k tftbm- zkrf%cbp- ifrak wfumn ok (3?; x 29'?$ 5 22-3>; hc fr 22'3 tfggks8 bofut 4 tfggks pkr ektrk fi

ebcgkt mkgct` '

\rbatdabm Ambepdgc Ifrak:

Dg prbatdak t`ds `dc` ambepdgc ifrak ds fgmy kvkr rkbmdskn w`kg dt ds gft gkknkn("$- t`bt ds w`kg okgndgc t`dg stkkm

wfrhpdkaks' S`kg okgndgc gfg%ikrrfus wfrhpdkaks t`k ifrak wdmm ok mkss bs s`fwg dg t`k crbp` bofvk- bgn (bmdttmk aurdfusmy$- dt ds bmsf mkss w`kg okgndgc t`dah stkkm wfrhpdkaks' ^`ds ds okabusk t`k ambepdgc ifrak gkknkn

tf ebhk b s`brp okgn ds vkry eua` `dc`kr t`bg t`bt gkknkn ifr b rbndus okgn' Qf w`bt `bppkgs ds t`bt bs t`k

okgn prfakkns t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ambepobr mdits smdc`tmy tùs bmmfwdgc t`k wfrhpdkak tf ifre b rbndus'

^`k sebmm bdr%cbp w`da` ds ifrekn abusks b smdc`t mfss fi ambepdgc ifrak out t`k ifrak gkknkn tf ifre t`k rbndus

okgn `bs nrfppkn efrk s`brpmy t`bg `bs t`k ebcgkt ambepdgc ifrak' ^ùs b stbomk sdtubtdfg rksumts bgn t`k

ambepobr nfks gft mkt cf'

S`bt ds nksardokn bofvk ds t`k efnk fi okgndgc w`kg t`k eba`dgk ds gkbr dts t`dahgkss mdedt' Di bg kvkg t`dahkr

wfrhpdkak ds trdkn t`kg fi afursk t`k ambepobr wdmm mdit fii'

^`ds ndbcrbe succksts t`bt di t`k gfsk knck

fi t`k ambepobr wbs rbnduskn b mdttmk- rbt`kr t`bg s`brp- t`kg t`k bdr cbp ifr t`dah

okgndgc wfumn ok rknuakn'

Dgnkkn t`ds ds t`k absk bgn b prfpkrmy ebnkEbcgbokgn wdmm `bvk b ambepobr wdt` b

rbnduskn knck' (B rbnduskn knck ds bmsfeua` mkss prfgk tf baadnkgtbm nbebckafepbrkn wdt` b s`brp knck$'

'

'

Ebrcdgbm Efnk fi Okgn Ibdmurk:

Di b okgn ds bttkeptkn fg b vkry t`dah wfrhpdkak t`kg t`k eba`dgk wdmm ibdm tf okgn dt okabusk t`k ambepobr wdmmsdepmy mdit fii' (Ifrtugbtkmy t`ds nfks gft `bppkg dg b nrbebtda wby8 t`k ambepobr just mkts cf qudktmy$'

@fwkvkr di t`k okgndgc mfbn ds fgmy smdc`tmy crkbtkr t`bg t`k okgndgc abpbadty fi t`k ebcgkt t`kg ckgkrbmmyw`bt `bppkgs ds t`bt t`k okgn wdmm prfakkn tf sby bofut 9< nkcrkks bgn t`kg t`k ambepobr wdmm stbrt tf smdnk

obahwbrns' Dg t`ds efnk fi ibdmurk t`k ebcgkt abg fgmy rksdst t`k okgndgc mfbn dgndrkatmy oy arkbtdgc irdatdfg

oktwkkg t`k wfrhpdkak bgn t`k okn fi t`k ebcgkt'

^`k t`dahgkss ndiikrkgak oktwkkg b ibdmurk nuk tf mdit%fii bgn b ibdmurk nuk tf smdndgc ds ckgkrbmmy gft vkry eua`'

Mdit%fii ibdmurk ds nuk tf t`k wfrhpdkak mkvkrdgc t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ambepobr upwbrns' ^`k ambepdgc ifrak bt

t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ambepobr ds ebdgmy w`bt rksdsts t`ds' Ambepdgc bt t`k rkbr knck `bs mdttmk kiikat okabusk dtds amfsk tf w`krk t`k ambepobr ds okdgc pdvftkn' Dg ibat dt ds fgmy `bmi fi t`k tftbm ambepdgc ifrak w`da` rksdstsmdit%fii'

Fg t`k ft`kr `bgn smdndgc ds rksdstkn oy t`k tftbm ambepdgc ifrak out fgmy vdb irdatdfg sf t`k batubm rksdstbgak



nkpkgns fg t`k afkiidadkgt fi irdatdfg oktwkkg t`k wfrhpdkak bgn t`k suribak fi t`k ebcgkt'

Ifr amkbg bgn nry stkkm t`k irdatdfg afkiidadkgt abg ok bs `dc` bs <'0 out di muordabtdfg ds prkskgt t`kg dt afumn okbs mfw bs <'?' ^ypdabmmy dt wdmm ok sfekw`krk dg oktwkkg sua` t`bt t`k ebrcdgbm efnk fi okgn ibdmurk ds usubmmynuk tf smdndgc- out bttkepts tf dgarkbsk irdatdfg fg t`k suribak fi t`k ebcgkt `bvk okkg ifugn tf ok gft

wfrt`w`dmk'

^`dahgkss Abpbadty:

Ifr bg K%typk ebcgkt ofny 40ee wdnk bgn >0ee nkkp bgn wdt` b 1-0<< bepkrk%turg afdm- t`k iumm mkgct`okgndgc abpbadty ds 2'9ee' ^`ds t`dahgkss bppmdks tf oft` stkkm s`kkt bgn bmuedgdue s`kkt' ^`krk wdmm ok

mkss ambepdgc fg t`k bmuedgdue s`kkt out dt rkqudrks mkss tfrquk tf okgn dt sf t`ds afepkgsbtks dg sua` b wbybs tf cdvk sdedmbr cbuck abpbadty ifr oft` typks fi ektbm'

^`krk gkkns tf ok sfek abvkbts fg t`k stbtkn okgndgc abpbadty: ^`k ebdg fgk okdgc t`bt t`k ydkmn strkgct`

fi t`k s`kkt ektbm abg vbry wdnkmy' ^`k 2'9ee abpbadty bppmdks tf stkkm wdt` b ydkmn strkss fi up tf ?;< E\bbgn tf bmuedgdue wdt` b ydkmn strkss up tf 2>< E\b'

^`k t`dahgkss abpbadty dg stbdgmkss stkkm ds bofut 2'<ee' ^`ds abpbadty ds sdcgdidabgtmy mkss t`bg ifr efst ft`kr

ektbms okabusk stbdgmkss stkkm ds usubmmy gfg%ebcgktda bgn ykt bs b rkbsfgbomy `dc` ydkmn strkss'

Bgft`kr ibatfr ds t`k tkepkrbturk fi t`k ebcgkt' Di t`k ebcgkt `bs okkg bmmfwkn tf okafek `ft t`kg t`krksdstbgak fi t`k afdm wdmm ok `dc`kr bgn t`ds dg turg wdmm abusk dt tf nrbw mkss aurrkgt wdt` afgskqukgt mfwkr bepkrk%turgs bgn mfwkr ambepdgc ifrak' (^`ds kiikat ds usubmmy qudtk efnkrbtk bgn ds ugmdhkmy tf abusk t`k

eba`dgk tf gft ekkt dts spkadidabtdfgs$'

Idgbmmy- t`dahkr abpbadty Ebcgbokgns afumn ok ebnk di t`k ebcgkt arfss skatdfg wbs ebnk mbrckr'

^`ds pbck mbst upnbtkn: ?3 Qkptkeokr ?<2?



EBCGBOKGN: @DQ^F_T FI NKYKMF\EKG^ BGN EBG[IBA^[_K

Ckgksds fi t`k Dnkb:

Obah dg 243> D gkknkn tf ebhk ofxks ifr `fusdgc kmkatrfgda prfjkats' ^f nf t`ds D ebnk eyskmi b

vkry arunk s`kktektbm ifmnkr fut fi b afupmk fi pdkaks fi bgcmk drfg `dgckn tfckt`kr bgn `kmn dg b

vdak' ^f sby t`k mkbst dt wbs vkry bwhwbrn tf usk bgn gft vkry vkrsbtdmk' D sffg nkadnkn dt wbs

tdek tf ebhk sfekt`dgc okttkr'

Qf D cft t`dghdgc bofut `fw tf ebhk b #prfpkr# ifmnkr' Fgk t`dgc t`bt afgakrgkn ek wbs t`bt t`k

ambepdgc struaturk `bn tf ok tdkn obah tf t`k obsk fi t`k eba`dgk kdt`kr bt t`k kgns fr bt t`k

obah bgn t`ds wbs cfdgc tf ckt dg t`k wby fi sfek fi t`k t`dgcs t`bt D wbgtkn tf ebhk' Qf D

ebnk b mkbp fi ibdt` bgn sbdn '''FH- mkts gft tdk t`k ambepdgc struaturk tf t`k obsk- `fw afumn D

ebhk t`bt wfrh6 Ebyok D afumn suppfrt t`k ambepdgc ekeokr irfe t`k akdmdgc fi ey wfrhs`fp6

Skmm t`bt afumn wfrh- out t`kg- dg kiikat- ey wfrhs`fp oudmndgc wfumn ok t`k t`dgc t`bt wbs

bttba`dgc t`k ambepdgc ekeokr tf t`k obsk fi t`k eba`dgk'

Sbs t`krk sfek wby tf orkbh t`bt afggkatdfg6

Abg yfu `fmn fgtf bg fojkat wdt`fut bttba`dgc sfekt`dgc tf dt6

^`bt skkekn mdhk b rdndaumfus qukstdfg tf bsh out fgak D `bn irbekn t`k qukstdfg dg t`bt wby ey

debcdgbtdfg abek up wdt` b pfssdomk bgswkr:%

Tfu abg dgimukgak t`dgcs wdt`fut b p`ysdabm afggkatdfg tf t`ke ''' vdb b IDKMN"

D hgkw bofut kmkatrda idkmns*- crbvdty idkmns*- bgn ebcgktda idkmns*' Out wfumn dt ok

ikbsdomk6 Sfumn dt batubmmy wfrh6

(* Bs bg bsdnk dt ds dgtkrkstdgc tf gftk t`bt efnkrg sadkgak ds stdmm struccmdgc tf kxpmbdg `fw /ifrak

bt b ndstbgak/ batubmmy wfrhs$'

S`bt `bppkgkn gkxt ds stdmm b amkbr

ekefry'

D wbs dg ey `fek wfrhs`fp bgn dt wbs

bitkr edngdc`t bgn tdek tf cf tf okn- out

D afumng#t rksdst t`k tkeptbtdfg tf try fut

t`ds gkw dnkb'

D sffg ifugn b `frsks`fk ebcgkt bgn b

pdkak fi s de orbss' D put t`k s`de orbss

oktwkkg t`k ebcgkt bgn dts #hkkpkr# bgn

okgt t`k orbss wdt` ey idgckr"

Kurkhb" Dt wfrhkn' ^`k orbss wbs fgmy

<'<4ee t dah out t`k prdgadpmk wbskstbomds`kn"

(^`k p`ftf bt mkit ds b rk%afgstruatdfg fi

t`k frdcdgbm kxpkrdekgt out dt ds usdgc t`k

sbek afepfgkgts$'

D wbs kxadtkn okabusk D rkbmdskn- rdc`t irfe t`k stbrt- t`bt di t`k dnkb afumn ok ebnk tf wfrh dg b

prbatdabm wby t`kg dt wfumn rkprkskgt b gkw afgakpt dg `fw tf ifre s`kktektbm'

^`k gkxt nby D tfmn ey wfrh afmmkbcuk- ^fgy Crbdgckr- bofut ey dnkbs' @k wbs b odt kxadtkn

tff bgn `k shkta`kn fut b pfssdomk nksdcg ifr bg kmkatrfebcgkt ifr ek' @k bmsf ndn sfek

abmaumbtdfgs rkcbrndgc w`bt sfrt fi ifraks afumn ok ba`dkvkn irfe bg kmkatrfebcgkt' ^fgy wbst`k amkvkrkst pkrsfg t`bt D hgkw bgn D wbs sf muahy tf `bvk `de bs b afmmkbcuk bgn `bvk baakss

tf `ds afgsdnkrbomk kxpkrtdsk'



Skmm dgdtdbmmy dt mffhkn mdhk t`k dnkb wfumn prfobomy fgmy wfrh ifr ibdrmy t`dg cbucks fi s`kktektbm

out dt wbs prfedsdgc kgfuc` tf kgafurbck ek tf prfakkn'

Kbrmy Nkvkmfpekgt:

Fvkr t`k gkxt ikw nbys D fotbdgkn sfek pdkaks fi stkkm- sfek afppkr wdrk- bgn b rkatdidkr bgn

oudmt ey idrst kmkatrf%ebcgktda ifmnkr" D stdmm `bvk dt dg ey wfrhs`fp:

^`k kmkatrf%ebcgkt pbrt fi

t`ds eba`dgk ds t`k ckgudgk

frdcdgbm'

(^`k irfgt pfmk bgn okgndgc

okbe s`fwg `krk wkrk mbtkr

efndidabtdfgs$'

Bmt`fuc` rbt`kr arunk t`ds

eba`dgk wfrhkn"

Bs kgvdsbckn dg ey frdcdgbm

kurkhb efekgt- dgnkkn t`k

ambepdgc obr ndn gft `bvk tfok bttba`kn tf t`k obsk fi

t`k eba`dgk bt t`k kgns- bt

t`k obah- fr bgyw`krk' ^`us

t`k eba dgk wbs afepmktkmy

fpkg%kgnkn bgn

fpkg%t`rfbtkn'

Out t`k fpkg%kgnkn bspkat

afumn fgmy ok iummy rkbmdskn di t`k `dgcks ifr t`k okgndgc okbe wkrk bmsf b odt ugafgvkgtdfgbm'

Fvkr t`k afedgc efgt`s D wfrhkn fg b hdgn fi `bmi%`dgck t`bt D abmmkn b #aup%`dgck#- D oudmt b

okttkr pkrifredgc eba`dgk (Ebrh DD$- D mfnckn b \rfvdsdfgbm \btkgt Qpkadidabtdfg wdt` t`k

Bustrbmdbg \btkgt Fiidak bgn D bmsf bppkbrkn fg bg BOA tkmkvdsdfg prfcrbeek abmmkn /^`kDgvkgtfrs/' Ey dgvkgtdfg wbs skmkatkn bs t`k wdggkr ifr t`bt wkkh bgn mbtkr wkgt fg tf ok

skmkatkn bs fgk fi t`k idgbmdsts ifr t`bt ykbr (243;$'

^`ds wbs t`k Ebrh DD okgnkr bs

nkefgstrbtkn dg Qyngky

ifmmfwdgc t`k bppkbrbgak fg t`k

idgbm fi ^`k Dgvkgtfrs'

Dt uskn b efrk nkvkmfpkn

vkrsdfg fi t`k #aup `dgck# bs

s`fwg `krk:

Nurdgc 243; D ekt Ckfii Ikgtfg bt bg Dgvkgtfrs Bssfadbtdfg ekktdgc dg @fobrt (1 Bucust 243;$' Ckfii wbs

qudtk dgtkrkstkn dg t`k /Ebcgbokgn/ dgvkgtdfg bgn abek obah tf ey pmbak bitkr t`k ekktdgc tf `bvk b amfskr



mffh bt dt' ^`ds wbs tf ok t`k stbrt fi bg kgnurdgc irdkgns`dp wdt` Ckfii bgn mbtkr b ousdgkss pbrtgkrs`dp'

Ckfii wbs bg Kgcdgkkrdgc crbnubtk bgn b vkry amkvkr dgvkgtfr `deskmi' @k rkbndmy sbw t`k depfrtbgak fi

`bvdgc b `dgck nksdcg t`bt wfumn bmmfw t`k eba`dgk tf rkbmdzk dts iumm fpkg%kgnkn pftkgtdbm'

Ey #aup `dgck# wfrhkn out `bn skrdfus prfomkes ifr okbe bgcmks eua` okyfgn 4< nkcrkks'

Ckfii okabek vkry dgtkrkstkn dg akgtkrmkss `dgcks' ^`ds ambss fi `dgck abg prfvdnk pdvftdgc brfugn b vdrtubm

pfdgt w`da` abg ok afepmktkmy futsdnk t`k `dgck eka`bgdse dtskmi'

Fgk nby (2 Iko 2439$ Ckfii turgkn up wdt` b nrbwdgc

fi bg ugusubm bgn dggfvbtdvk mffhdgc `dgck' D wbs

bebzkn" D `bn gkvkr skkg bgyt`dgc rkeftkmy mdhk dt

okifrk"

(Qkk nrbwdgc bt mkit$'

D mkbrgkn t`bt t ds ds b efndidkn pbgtfcrbp`

eka`bgdse dgvfmvdgc >%obr mdghbcks' Sk gkvkr

batubmmy ebnk b prfpkr vkrsdfg fi t`ds `dgck out b ikw

efgt`s mbtkr Ckfii abek up wdt` bg deprfvkn vkrsdfg

w`da` wk ndn ebhk'

B arfss skatdfg fi t`k deprfvkn vkrsdfg ds s`fwg

okmfw:

^`k #bres# fi t`ds `dgck brk hkpt pbrbmmkm tf t`k ebdg pdvftdgc ekeokrs oy sebmm arbghs' ^`ksk abg ok skkg dg

t`k p`ftfs okmfw' ^`k arbghs fgmy `bvk tf tbhk b edgfr pkrakgtbck fi t`k tftbm `dgck mfbn'



^`ds `dgck eka`bgdse wfrhkn qudtk wkmm out dt wbs gkvkr dgstbmmkn fg bg batubm Ebcgbokgn eba`dgk' Dts

nrbwobahs wkrk t`bt dt ndn gft prfvdnk ifr b iumm 20< nkcrkk rftbtdfg fi t`k okgndgc okbe bgn bmsf dt skkekn tf

`bvk b mft fi pbrts dg dt (bmt`fuc` ebgy fi t`k pbrts wkrk t`k sbek bs kba` ft`kr$'

^`k ft`kr rkbsfg t`bt t`ds `dgck ndng#t ckt uskn wbs okabusk Ckfii t`kg abek up wdt` `ds:

^rdbxdbm @dgck:

^`k trdbxdbm `dgck ndn prfvdnk ifr b iumm 20< nkcrkks fi rftbtdfg bgn wbs sdepmkr dgbseua` bs dt gkknkn ikwkr pbrts- bmt`fuc` t`k pbrts t`keskmvks wkrk efrk afepmdabtkn'

^`k trdbxdbm `dgck prfcrksskn t`ru skvkrbm stbcks okifrk rkba`dgc b ibdrmy skttmkn nksdcg' Sk abmmkn t`k

ndiikrkgt typks ^`k ^ruggdfg @dgck- ^`k Qp`krdabm Dgtkrgbm @dgck bgn ^`k Qp`krdabm Kxtkrgbm @dgck'

Bmm fi t`ksk nksdcgs brk nksardokn dg t`k [Q \btkgt Qpkadidabtdfg nfauekgt'(\NI$'

Fgk fi t`k odcckst prfomkes wdt` t`k Ebcgbokgn `dgck wbs t`bt t`krk wbs gfw`krk tf put dt"

^`k kgns fi t`k eba`dgk brk fut okabusk wk wbgt t`k eba`dgk tf ok fpkg%kgnkn- sf dt `bs tf cf sfekw`krk

kmsk' ^`krk ds rkbmmy gf rffe oktwkkg t`k dggkr ibak fi t`k okgndgc okbe bgn t`k futkr ibak fi t`k irfgt pfmk

fi t`k ebcgkt kdt`kr'

^f ebhk rffe wk abg prfvdnk b mdps fg t`k okgndgc okbe bgn fg t`k irfgt pfmk out t`ksk mdps afeprfedsk t`k

strkgct` fi t`k okgndgc okbe bgn t`k ambepdgc ifrak fi t`k ebcgkt' (Tfu abg skk t`ksk mdps dg t`k p`ftfs fi

t`k pbgtfcrbp` `dgck bofvk$'^`us t`k `dgck nksdcg ds afgstrbdgkn oktwkkg t`k gkkn tf ok t`dg sf t`bt fgmy sebmm mdps wdmm ok gkknkn bgn

t`k gkkn tf ok t`dah sf t`bt dt wdmm ok strfgc kgfuc`' Bgn bmsf t`k gkkn tf ok akgtkrmkss sf bs tf prfvdnk b

vdrtubm pdvft- prkikrbomy just bofvk t`k wfrh%suribak fi t`k ebcgkt'

^`ksk rkqudrkekgts befugtkn tf b vkry tbmm frnkr- out Ckfii#s vkry dgvkgtdvk nksdcg bnnrksskn t`k

rkqudrkekgts wkmm- bmt`fuc` b mft fi nkvkmfpekgt wfrh (kxtkgndgc fvkr bt mkbst 2< ykbrs$ wbs gkknkn tf idgn

t`k okst afeprfedsks'

Di rkqukstkn D eby wrdtk b skpbrbtk brtdamk fg t`k `dgcks bgn t`kdr nkvkmfpekgt out ifr gfw wk wdmm rkturg tf t`k

`dstfry:

Ebguibaturk%[gnkr%Mdakgak Bcrkkekgts:

Fvkr t`k afedgc ykbrs wk sdcgkn b gueokr fi /Ebguibaturk%[gnkr%Mdakgsk/ bcrkkekgts:

9 Ikorubry 2439: Gfvb Eba`dgkry \ty Mtn- Fsofrgk \brh- \krt` Skstkrg Bustrbmdb'

12 Nkakeokr 240?: ^`bmebgg Hfgstruhtdfgkg BC- Irbukgikmn- Qwdtzkrmbgn'

2? Fatfokr 2401: _fpkr S`dtgky Af- _fahifrn- Dmmdgfds- [QB'

2 Nkakeokr 2401: Jfrc Eba`dgkibordkh- Bekrsiffrt- @fmmbgn

(Efrk `dstfry di rkqukstkn oy bgy dgtkrkstkn pbrty$'

^`ds pbck upnbtkn: ?; Qkptkeokr ?<2?'

But`fr: Bmbg Ofttfemky



O[DMNDGC TF[_ FSG EBCGBOKGN

^`k idrst t`dgc tf nf ds tf rkbn t`k brtdamks fg t`ds wkosdtk bofut Ebcgbokgn % Iugnbekgtbm NksdcgAfgsdnkrbtdfgs

bgn Ebcgbokgn Adraudt Fpkrbtdfg'

^`k dgifrebtdfg cdvkg `krk ds fi b ckgkrbm gbturk fgmy' ^`k afgstrutfr wdmm gkkn tf wfrh fut nktbdms- sua` bs w`krk

t`k sarkws cf kta- t`keskmvks'

D wdmm bssuek t`bt yfu `bvk b ibdrmy cffn wfrhs`fp ft`krwdsk dt ds nfuotium w`kt`kr t`ds prfjkat s`fumn ok

bttkeptkn'

Gkxt nkadnk w`bt typk fi ebcgkt arfss skatdfg t`bt yfu wfumn mdhk tf oudmn' [gmkss yfu `bvk vkry cffn edmmdgc

ibadmdtdks t`kg D succkst t`bt yfu cf ifr b [%typk ebcgkt ofny' Bmt`fuc` t`ds nksdcg ds gft qudtk bs kiidadkgt bs

bg K%typk ofny dt ds qudtk b odt kbsdkr tf oudmn bgn dg ibat abg ok oudmt wdt`fut bgy edmmdgc- kspkadbmmy di yfu abg

fotbdg afmn rfmmkn stkkm skatdfgs' (Afmn rfmmkn stkkm `bs b gdak baaurbtk idgds` bgn gf edmm%sabmk fg t`k suribak$'

(Di yfu wbgt tf oudmn bg K%^ypk ebcgkt t`kg t`krk ds bg kxbepmk efnkm bt t`k kgn fi t`ds pbck$'

^`k bofvk nrbwdgc s`fws t`k obsda brrbgckekgt fi afepfgkgts dg b [%typk Ebcgbokgn'

Gkxt yfu gkkn tf nkadnk w`bt t`dahgkss fi s`kktektbm yfu wfumn mdhk tf ok bomk tf okgn'

D wdmm succkst b nksdcg w`da` wdmm ok bomk tf okgn 2'?ee (20 cbuck$ edmn stkkm fr bmuedgdue' ( Di yfu gkkn efrk

abpbadty t`bg t`ds t`kg yfu wdmm `bvk tf usk t`dahkr skatdfgs t`bg t`fsk succkstkn okmfw$'

D wdmm bmsf bssuek t`bt b ibdrmy mdedtkn nuty ayamk wdmm ok fh ifr fooy usk' ^`ds wdmm bmmfw b efrk afepbat ebcgkt

nksdcg wdt` b odt mkss stkkm bgn b odt mkss afppkr wdrk'

Qucckstkn @fooy Ebcgbokgn arfss skatdfg:



Gftk: Bmm ndekgsdfgs brk dg edmmdektrks

Gftk: ^`k okvkmkn knck fi t`k ambepobr ds gft ksskgtdbm out t`k eba`dgk wdmm ok efrk vkrsbtdmk di t`ds abg ok

prfvdnkn'

2'

^`k Afvkr Qtrdp fvkr t`k afdm eust ok b gfg%ebcgktda ebtkrdbm ft`krwdsk dt wdmm s`frt%fut pbrt fi t`k ebcgktda

imux bgn tùs abusk mfss fi qudtk b odt fi ambepdgc ifrak' Dt ds succkstkn t`bt t`k afvkr strdp ok bmuedgdue'

Dg afeekradbm Ebcgbokgns t`k afvkr strdp ds suppfrtkn fg sebmm rkobtks edmmkn dgtf t`k pfmks fg kdt`kr sdnk'

@fwkvkr tf bvfdn t`k gkkn ifr edmmdgc- t`k afvkr strdp afumn ok suppfrtkn fg b mbykr fi sdmdafg ruookr (fr

pfmykstkr rksdg ofny%idmmkr$ oktwkkg dt bgn t`k afdm' (Ambep dt imus` wdt` t`k suribak ugtdm t`k sdmdafg skts$'

?'

Gkbrkst depkrdbm ndekgsdfgs abg ok suostdtutkn di nksdrkn kc 1&>/ dgstkbn fi ?<ee- ?/ dgstkbn fi ;<ee kta'1'

Ifr okst pkrifrebgak t`k Afrk \dkak s`fumn ok t`k sbek mkgct` bs t`k pfmk pdkaks bs s`fwg dg t`k

pkrspkatdvk nrbwdgc bofvk'

Bmt`fuc` dt ds tkeptdgc- bgn akrtbdgmy pfssdomk- tf ebhk t`k afrk pdkak s`frtkr t`bg t`k pfmks bgn t`krkoy

baafeefnbtk t`k w`fmk afdm wdt`dg t`k ebcgkt ofny- dt wdmm rksumt dg b vkry sdcgdidabgt ibmm fii dg ambepdgc ifrakgkbr t`k kgns fi t`k eba`dgk' (^`ds kiikat ds sfekw`bt wfrsk t`bg edc`t ok kxpkatkn$'

>'

^`k ebcgkt ofny abg ok `kmn tfckt`kr oy skvkrbm ofmts- sby E0 x ;< mfgc- Q@AQ pbssdgc t`ru t`k rkbr pfmk

bgn afrk pdkak bgn tbppkn dgtf t`k irfgt pfmk' (^`k mkgct` fi ;<ee bssueks t`bt t`k ofmts wdmm ok

afugtkr%ofrkn sf t`bt t`kdr `kbns brk imus` wdt` obah suribak ebhdgc t`kdr fvkrbmm mkgct` ;0ee$' ^`ksk

ofmts s`fumn `bvk ckgkrfus amkbrbgak `fmks dg t`k rkbr pfmk bgn dg t`k afrk pdkak' ^`ds wdmm ibadmdtbtk ckttdgc

t`k suribak fi t`k eba`dgk imbt: ^`k bsskeomy abg ok pmbakn upsdnk nfwg fg b imbt suribak okifrk idgbm

tdc`tkgdgc fi t`k ofmts'

;'

Gf okgndgc okbe ds s`fwg dg t`k arfss skatdfg bofvk' ^`k rkqudrkn ndekgsdfgs ifr t`k okgndgc okbe

nkpkgn ebrhknmy fg t`k mkgct` oktwkkg dts pdvft suppfrts' Afeekradbm Ebcgbokgns usk bg dggfvbtdvk

`dgck eka`bgdse w`da` ds gft rkstrdatkn tf okdgc pmbakn bt t`k kgns fi t`k okbe bgn `kgak t`k ndstbgak

oktwkkg pdvft suppfrts ds bmwbys sebmm- kvkg fg b mfgc eba`dgk'

^`ksk spkadbm `dgcks brk rkbmmy b odt tff ndiidaumt tf ebhk ifr b `fooy eba`dgk bgn tùs dt ds succkstkn t`bt

efrk afgvkgtdfgbm `dgcks brk uskn bgn t`k mkgct` fi t`k eba`dgk ok hkpt rkmbtdvkmy s`frt' D i t`k mkgct` ds gf

efrk t`bg sby 9;<ee t`kg b okgndgc okbe ebnk irfe t`k sbek skatdfg bs t`k irfgt pfmk (bgn pdvftkn bt

t`k kgns$- s`fumn ok FH'

9'

^`k Afdm:

D succkst b afdm wdt` 1-0<< bepkrk%turgs' ^`k okst wby tf t`dgh bofut t`k nksdcg fi t`ds ds tf a`ffsk b wdrk

cbuck t`bt wfumn rksumt dg b aurrkgt fi 1-0<< beps t`ru 2 turg (w`kg suppmdkn wdt` t`k dgtkgnkn vfmtbck$' ^`kg di

yfu `bvk ? turgs t`k aurrkgt wdmm ok (1-0<<&?$ t`bt ds 24<< beps- bgn 2<< turgs wfumn rknuak t`k aurrkgt tf 10

beps bgn sf fg- out t`k bepkrk%turgs wdmm stdmm ok 1-0<<' ^ùs- fgak t`k cbuck `bs okkg a`fskg- bgn t`k mkgct`

fi t`k afdm ds hgfwg- t`kg t`k bepkrk%turgs `bs bmrkbny okkg nktkredgkn'

[sdgc Fès Mbw: Y 5 D_- fr _ 5 Y&D sf:

_ksdstbgak pkr turg 5 (suppmy vfmtbck&1-0<<$ fès pkr turg'



Gfw- bssuedgc t`bt t`k suppmy vfmtbck wdmm ok BA t`kg t`k kiikatdvk vbmuk fi t`k rkatdidkn vfmtbck ds b odt mkss t`bg

t`k _EQ vbmuk:

Kiikatdvk NA vfmtbck fi iumm wbvk rkatdidkn BA ds 5 _EQ Yfmtbck x ?(6 ?$&6 5 <'4 _EQ

^ùs ifr bg BA suppmy fi sby ??< vfmts t`k kiikatdvk NA vfmtbck wdmm ok ??< x <'4 5 ?<< vfmts (bpprfx'$-

Qf- rksdstbgak pkr turg 5 (?<<&1-0<<$ 5 <'<;1 fès' (^`ds wdmm bppmy tf bmm mkgct`s fi eba`dgks"$

Bebzdgc- yfu gfw hgfw t`k ksskgtdbms fi nksdcgdgc b Ebcgbokgn afdm "

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Dt rkebdgs tf idgn b wdrk t`dahgkss w`da` /idts t`k odmm/- t`bt ds b wdrk w`da` `bs b rksdstbgak fi <'<;1 fès ifr 2

turg fg fur pbrtdaumbr afdm' Batubmmy wk gkkn tf idgn t`k bvkrbck mkgct` fi b turg:

Ifr b afrk mkgct` fi sby 9;<ee bgn b afdm nkpt` fi 24ee (bs s`fwg dg t`k arfss skatdfg bofvk$ t`kg irfe

strbdc`t ifrwbrn ckfektry wk idgn t`bt t`k mkgct` fi bg bvkrbck turg wdmm ok : (9;< x ?$ (>> x \d$ 5 2>>< ee'

Qf wk gkkn b wdrk t`bt `bs b rksdstbgak fi <'<;1 fès pkr 2>>< ee- t`bt ds b rksdstbgak fi (<'<;1&2'>><$ fès

pkr ektrk-

t`bt ds 5 <'<190 fès pkr ektrk- fr 19'0 fès pkr He'

Irfe `krk yfu afumn abmaumbtk t`k batubm ndbektkr fi t`k afppkr wdrk out yfu wfumn gkkn tf hgfw t`k

afgnuatdvdty fi afppkr- w`da` ds gft `brn tf idgn- out dg prbatdak w`bt yfu gfw nf ds just mffhup b tbomk fi

dgifrebtdfg ifr vbrdfus ndbektkrs fi wdrk' (Dt `bs bmm okkg abmaumbtkn okifrk$'

Cbuck

BSC

Sdrk

Ndbektkr

ee

ûrgsfi

wdrk

pkr ae

Arfss

skatdfg

ee?

Afppkr

rksdstbgak

fès&He

2; 2'>; 9'4 2'9; 2<';

29 2'?4 3'3 2'12 21'?

23 2'2; 0'3 2'<> 29'9

20 2'<?> 4'33 <'0?1 ?2'<

24 <'42? 22 <'9;1 ?9'>

?< <'02? 2?'1 <';20 11'1

?2 <'3?1 21'0 <'>2 >?'<

?? <'9>> 2;'; <'1?9 ;1'<

?1 <';31 23'> <'?;0 99'0

?> <';22 24'9 <'?<; 0>'?

^`k gkbrkst wdrk sdzk bvbdmbomk dg t`k tbomk ds ?< BSC sf a`ffsk t`ds fgk'

Gfw dt ds wkmm wfrt` gftdgc t`bt t`k arfss%skatdfgbm brkb fi ?1 BSC ds bmefst kxbatmy `bmi fi t`k arfss%skatdfgbm

brkb fi ?< BSC sf t`bt ? strbgns fi ?1 cbuck wdmm cdvk kxbatmy t`k sbek kiikat (bgn faaupy t`k sbek fvkrbmmbrkb$ bs 2 strbgn fi ?< cbuck'

^`bt ekbgs yfu abg usk kdt`kr sdzk- out di yfu usk ?1 cbuck yfu wdmm gkkn tf jfdg t`k strbgns tfckt`kr bt t`k



stbrt (bgn bt t`k kgn$ bgn t`kg wdgn wdt` ? strbgns dg `bgn' ^`ds ds abmmkn od%idmbr wdgndgc' Dg ibat yfu abg usk

bgy afeodgbtdfg fi wdrk sdzks t`bt yfu mdhk prfvdnkn t`ky bnn up tf t`k afrrkat arfss%skatdfgbm brkb (<';20 ee?$'

Di yfu ifmmfw t`k bofvk prfaknurk ifr b 22< vfmt BA suppmy t`kg yfu wdmm idgn t`bt t`k sdzk fi wdrk gkknkn wdmm ok

23 BSC (fr b od%idmbr wdgndgc usdgc ?< BSC$'

Sk gfw hgfw w`bt sdzk wdrk tf usk bgn t`ds ds t`k efst depfrtbgt pbrbektkr fi afdm nksdcg' Out wk gfw bvk tf

batubmmy ebhk t`k afdm'

@fw Ebgy ûrgs6

^`k abmaumbtdfg okmfw bssueks t`bt yfu hgfw t`k brkb fi t`k wdgndgc spbak- bgn yfu nf hgfw t`ds di yfu brk

ifmmfwdgc ey succkstkn arfss skatdfg bofvk' @fwkvkr di yfu wkrk stbrtdgc irfe sarbta` yfu wfumn pkr`bps `bvk

tf wdgn b tkst afdm idrst bgn t`kg ekbsurk `fw `ft dt ckts w`kg rug bt t`k nksdrkn nuty ayamk dg t`k dgtkgnkn

ebcgkt ofny' Di dt ckts tff `ft t`kg t`bt ekbgs t`bt yfu gkkn efrk turgs bgn `kgak b mbrckr wdgndgc spbak'

Bgywby- t`k gueokr fi turgs wdmm just ok w`btkvkr wdmm idt dg t`k spbak bvbdmbomk' ^`ds abg ok abmaumbtkn irfe t`k

hgfwg pbahdgc irbatdfg'

Ifr b jueomk%wfugn afdm wdt` kmkatrdabm pbpkr bmm brfugn dt- t`k kiikatdvk pbahdgc irbatdfg ds brfugn ;;+' ^`ds

ekbgs t`bt t`k spbak bvbdmbomk wdmm ok ;;+ faaupdkn oy afppkr'

Qf- gueokr fi turgs 5 <';; x (brkb fi wdgndgc spbak$& (brkb fi 2 strbgn fi wdrk$' 5X<';; x ?> x 24$&<';20U 5 >0>

turgs'

_ksdstbgak fi t`k Afdm:

^`k rksdstbgak abg ok kbsdmy abmaumbtkn oy eumtdpmydgc t`k gueokr fi turgs oy t`k rksdstbgak pkr turg (w`da` wbs

abmaumbtkn bofvk$'

^ùs rksdstbgak 5 >0> x <'<;1 fès 5 ?;'9 fès (Gftk t`bt t`ds wdmm ok t`k rksdstbgak bt rffe tkepkrbturk-

?<A' Bt `dc`kr tkepkrbturks t`k rksdstbgak wdmm ok `dc`kr$'

Aurrkgt:

^`k aurrkgt wdmm just ok t`k kiikatdvk NA afdm vfmtbck (<'4 x BA _EQ vfmtbck$ ndvdnkn oy t`k rksdstbgak abmaumbtkn

bofvk:

Aurrkgt 5 ??< x <'4 ó ?;'9 5 3'3 beps'

^ypk fi Sdgndgc Sdrk tf [sk:

Gfrebm ebcgkt wdgndgc wdrk ds afppkr wdrk afbtkn wdt` b pfmykstkr kgbekm- kc /\KD/' @fwkvkr- ifr t`k

Ebcgbokgn afdm- dt ds `dc`my nksdrbomk tf fotbdg /skmi%ofgndgc wdrk/' ^`ds wdrk `bs bg kxtrb afbt fi b t`kref

skttdgc ebtkrdbm w`da`- ugnkr `kbt- wdmm ekmt bgn t`kg aurk tùs odgndgc bmm t`k wdgndgcs dg t`k afdm tfckt`kr' Di t`ds

wdrk abggft ok fotbdgkn t`kg dt wdmm ok gkakssbry tf bppmy sfek ft`kr ifre fi ofgndgc bckgt (kc vbrgds`$ nurdgc

t`k wdgndgc fi t`k afdm' (Dt ds depfrtbgt t`bt t`k wdgndgcs brk cmukn tfckt`kr ft`krwdsk t`k wdrks wdmm vdorbtk bgn

kvkgtubmmy wkbr t`keskmvks fut$'

^`k Afdm Ifrekr :

Dt ds usubm tf ebhk b ifrekr dgtf w da` tf wdgn t`k afdm' ^`k afdm ds mbtkr tbhkg fut fi t`k ifrekr bgn put dgtf t`k

ebcgkt'

Ebhk up b ifrekr mffhdgc sfekt`dgc mdhk t`ds:

@fmn t`k bsskeomy tfckt`kr wdt` skvkrbm t`ru%ofmts'

Ebhk b `fmk dg t`k akgtrk t`ru w`da` bg bxmk abg ok

dgskrtkn'

Mdgk t`k wdgndgc spbak wdt` kmkatrdabm pbpkr ' ^`ds

pbpkr ds typdabmmy bofut <'1ee t`dah bgn dts iugatdfg

ds tf dgsumbtk t`k afdm irfe t`k ektbm pfmks fi t`k

ebcgkt' (Dt ds gft sbik tf rkmy fg t`k kgbekm dgsumbtdfg

fg t`k wdrk dtskmi ifr t`ds purpfsk$'

Qafrk t`k pbpkr tf ebhk dt ifmn dg t`k rdc`t pmbaks'

Tfu wdmm prfobomy gkkn tf tkepfrbrdmy tbpk t`k pbpkr

tf t`k ifrekr tf hkkp dt fut fi t`k wby nurdgc wdgndgc'

^`k ndekgsdfgs fi t`k afdm ifrekr s`fumn ok sua` t`bt

t`k afdm w`da` dt ifres wdmm `bvk amkbrbgak w`kg dt dsdgstbmmkn dg t`k ebcgkt ofny'

^`k afrk pdkak fi t`k ifrekr afumn ok t`k sbek pdkak



t`bt wdmm ok uskn dg t`k batubm ebcgkt' ^`ds wdmm sbvk

t`k gkkn tf rkefvk t`k afdm irfe t`k afrk bgn t`kg

rk%idt dt tf bgft`kr afrk pdkak'

D `bvk b ibdrmy kiidadkgt pbttkrg ifr ebhdgc t`k kmkatrdabm pbpkrs'

Di yfu afgtbat ek D abg skgn t`ds tf yfu'

Bmsf- `bvk b mffh bt gftks bofut t`k afdm ugnkr K%typk ebcgkt okmfw'

@krk ds b afepbrdsfg fi kmkatrdabm pbpkrs t`bt yfu afumn usk:

KMKA^_DABM \B\K_Q:

Nksardptdfg ^`dahgkss^kbr

_ksdstbgak

\ugaturk

_ksdstbgak

(Arfsskn

Sdrk ^kst$

Efdsturk

Deeugdty

Afgtdgufus

^kepkrbturk

_btdgc

Dgtkredttkgt

^kepkrbturk

_btdgc

@ypmy 2< 1 <'12 ee Cffn Cffn Efnkrbtk

Kmkp`bgtdnk

\rksspb`g <'10 ee Efnkrbtk Ykry Cffn \ffr 21< ¼A ?2< ¼A

NEN <'?0 ee Ykry Cffn Efnkrbtk Ykry Cffn 2;; ¼A ?1; ¼A

NEN <'>< ee Ykry Cffn Efnkrbtk Ykry Cffn 2;; ¼A ?1; ¼A

Gfekx >2< <'?; ee Cffn Cffn Ykry Cffn ??< ¼A 1<< ¼A

D wfumn rkafeekgn Gfekx di yfu abg fotbdg dt kbsdmy- out bgy fi t`fsk s`fwg wfumn ok FH'

( D prfobomy s`fumn cdvk efrk dgifrebtdfg `krk- out pmkbsk afgtbat ek di yfu wfumn mdhk sfek bssdstbgak$'

Mbykr Sdgndgc vkrsus Jueomk Sdgndgc :

Mbykr wdgndgc ds w`krk t`k afdm ds wfugn dg gkbt mbykrs- usubmmy wdt` kmkatrdabm pbpkr oktwkkg t`k mbykrs' ^`ds

ekt`fn ebhks ifr b `dc` qubmdty afdm out dt ds tkndfus bgn dt ds gft rkbmmy gkakssbry ifr t`k Ebcgbokgn afdm' ^`k

bmtkrgbtdvk tf mbykr wdgndgc ds /jueomk wdgndgc/ w`krk t`k wdrks wdgn dg dg b ibdrmy rbgnfe ibs`dfg' Dt ds `fwkvkr

wfrt` oudmndgc up t`k afdm dg bg kvkg wby' Dg pbrtdaumbr yfu abg bvfdn tff eua` vfmtbck ndiikrkgak oktwkkgbnjbakgt wdgndgcs oy ebhdgc surk t`bt t`bt futkr wdgndgcs nf gft afek dgtf afgtbat wdt` dggkr wdgndgcs' (^`ds wdmm

ebhk dt mkss mdhkmy tf ckt dgsumbtdfg orkbhnfwg wdt`dg t`k afdm$'

Ndspkgsdgc fi t`k Sdgndgc Sdrk bgn Sdrk ^kgsdfg:

Sdgndgc wdrk ds gfrebmmy suppmdkn fg b pmbstda spffm' S`kg ndspkgsdgc t`k wdrk nf gft try tf rftbtk t`k spffm-

rbt`kr just sdt dt vkrtdabmmy fg t`k imffr (fr dg bg fmn nrue ds okttkr$ bgn wdt`nrbw t`k wdrk bxdbmmy- prkikrbomy t`ru

sfek hdgn fi tkgsdfgdgc nkvdak efugtkn vkrtdabmmy bofvk t`k spffm' ^`ds afumn just ok b wkmndgc ambep ibstkgkn

tf sfekt`dgc (kc b tbomk- b okga` kta $ wdt` ikmt wrbppkn brfugn t`k jbws tf prfvdnk sfek irdatdfg- bgn t`krkifrk

tkgsdfg tf t`k wdrk' (Nfg#t usk bgyt`dgc t`bt wfumn sarbta` t`k vbrgds` dgsumbtdfg fg t`k wdrk$'

^kredgbtdgc t`k Afdm:

Dt ds okst tf prfvdnk t`k afdm wdt` imkxdomk mkbn wdrks w`da` brk jfdgkn tf t`k wdgndgc wdrk dgsdnk t`k afdm'

Qdgak pbrt fi t`k mkbn wdrk wdmm ok dgsdnk t`k afdm t`kg dt ds okst tf usk wdrk wdt` tkimfg (fr ft`kr `dc` tkepkrbturk$dgsumbtdfg'

Ebhk t`k tkredgbtdfg oy sfmnkrdgc t`k imkxdomk wdrk tf t`k wdgndgc wdrk bgn t`kg dgsumbtdgc t`k jfdgt wdt` `kbts`rdgh

smkkvdgc'

[sk sby b ombah wdrk bt t`k stbrt (dgsdnk$ fi t`k afdm bgn b rkn wdrk ifr t`k kgn (futsdnk$ fi t`k afdm'

Tfu wdmm gkkn tf t`frfuc`my sarbpk fii t`k kgbekm afbtdgc irfe t`k wdgndgc wdrk okifrk bttkepdgc tf sfmnkr dt'

^`k tkredgbtdgc wdrks wdmm ok orfuc`t fut t`rfuc` b pbdr fi `fmks dg fgk fi t`k a`kkh pmbtks'

Batubm Sdgndgc fi t`k Afdm:

Ifr b fgk%fii afdm dt ds gft wfrt` skttdgc up bg kmkatrda nrdvk tf turg t`k afdm ifrekr' Just efugt dt fg bg bxmk bgn

turg dt oy `bgn8 dt nfks gft tbhk bmm t`bt mfgc tf put dg t`k rkqudrkn gueokr fi turgs (>0>- fr kvkg mkss di yfu brk

ebhdgc b mfgckr afdm$' (Di yfu nf wbgt tf skt up bg kmkatrda nrdvk ebhk dt rftbtk t`k bsskeomy ibdrmy smfwmy- sby

bofut ;< _\E bgn afgtrfm dt wdt` b ifft%swdta`$' ^`k gueokr fi turgs nfks gft `bvk tf ok prkadsk' Di yfu nfg#t

`bvk bg kbsy wby fi afugtdgc t`k turgs (fr di yfu mffsk afugt$ t`kg just efgdtfr t`k tftbm rksdstbgak' S`kg dt

rkba`ks bofut ?; f`es yfu abg stfp wdgndgc'

Ambepdgc t`k Afdm tf Qdzk:



Okabusk fi t`k mfgc gbturk fi t`k Ebcgbokgn afdm t`k strbgns fi wdrk oktwkkg t`k kgns rkebdg qudtk mffsk

ugmkss t`ky brk ambepkn up prdfr tf aurdgc t`k afdm' Tfu gkkn tf ebhk up sfek 6sdzdgc pdkaks6 bs s`fwg okmfw'

^`ksk abg ok ebnk fut fi wffn fr sfek ft`kr sudtbomk ebtkrdbm' (Sk uskn bmuedgdue kxtrusdfg skatdfgs ifr

prfnuatdfg afdms$'

Dt ds okst tf `bvk b s`frt pbdr fi pdkaks ifr t`k kgns bs wkmm'

Tfu wdmm gkkn tf abmaumbtk t`k ndekgsdfgs fi t`k rkobtks dg t`k sdzdgc pdkaks sua` t`bt w`kg t`k afdm ckts

ambepkn up dt wdmm ok t`k afrrkat sdzk tf idt dg yfur ebcgkt ofny'

Bitkr t`k afdm `bs okkg wfugn bgn t`k tkredgbtdgc wdrks `bvk okkg sfmnkrkn fg bgn orfuc`t fut t`ru `fmks dg t`k

afdm ifrekr a`kkh pmbtk- ifmn t`k kncks fi t`k kmkatrdabm pbpkrs dg bgn dgstbmm t`k s dzdgc pdkaks' Bppmy 1 fr >

C%ambeps tf `fmn t`k sdzdgc pdkaks dg pmbak bgn sarkw up t`k C%ambeps ugtdm t`k sdzdgc pdkaks brk skbtkn fg t`kdr

rkobtks bmm t`k wby bmfgc'

Afdm Aurdgc:

Bssuedgc t`bt yfu `bvk uskn skmi%ofgndgc wdrk t`kg aurdgc dgvfmvks `kbt dgc t`k wdrk up tf b tkepkrbturk

rkafeekgnkn oy t`k ebguibaturkr' ^ypdabmmy t`ds wdmm ok sfekt`dgc mdhk 24< nkcrkks A' ^`k kbsdkst wby tf nf

t`ds ds tf afggkat t`k afdm tf b vfmtbck sfurak- vdb b rkatdidkr- bgn mkt dt skmi%`kbt' ^`k tkepkrbturk wdt`dg t`k afdmwdmm ok efrk ugdifre di t`k `kbtdgc `bppkgs qudahmy- sf dt ds prkikrbomk tf usk b `dc`kr t`bg gfrebm vfmtbck ifr t`ds'

Out kvkg t`k stbgnbrn suppmy vfmtbck wdmm stdmm ckt t`k afdm ft kgfuc` okabusk dt wbs nksdcgkn ifr fgmy ?;+ nuty

ayamk sf 2<<+ nuty wdmm kvkgtubmmy ckt dt prktty `ft- kspkadbmmy w`kg t`k afdm ds gft dgstbmmkn dg b stkkm ebcgkt

ofny'

Gfw- `fw nf yfu hgfw w`kg dt ds `ft kgfuc`6 Skmm ifrtugbtkmy t`k wdrk `bs b hdgn fi oudmt%dg tkepkrbturk cbuck

% dts rksdstbgak dgarkbsks wdt` tkepkrbturk dg b vkry prkndatbomk wby- sf bmm yfu `bvk tf nf ds tf efgdtfr t`k

aurrkgt bgn w`kg dt `bs ibmmkg tf b akrtbdg vbmuk t`kg t`k afdm wdmm ok `ft kgfuc`' Bt 24< A t`k aurrkgt wdmm `bvk

ibmmkg tf 9<+ fi dts stbrtdgc vbmuk (rffe tkepkrbturk vbmuk$'

Di yfu abg#t ekbsurk t`k aurrkgt t`kg dgstkbn yfu afumn ndsafggkat t`k afdm bgn ekbsurk dts rksdstbgak bt

dgtkrvbms' S `kg t`k rksdstbgak `bs dgarkbskn tf 2'3 tdeks t`k dgdtdbm vbmuk t`kg dt wdmm ok `ft kgfuc`$'

(^`k vbmuk fi 9<+ ekgtdfgkn bofvk eby `bvk tf efndidkn di t`k wdrk ebguibaturkr `bs rkafeekgnkn b aurdgc

tkepkrbturk eua` ndiikrkgt tf 24< A$'

Ebt`kebtdabmmy t`k vbrdbtdfg fi rksdstbgak wdt` tkepkrbturk ds kxprksskn oy:

(S`krk bmp`b ds t`k afkiidadkgt fi rksdstbgak- w`da` ifr afppkr ds

<'<<>&nkcrkk A$

Tfu abg kbsdmy suostdtutk vbmuks dgtf t`ds ifreumb' Gftk t`bt ^ eust ok kxprksskn dg nkcrkks A fr H- out gft

nkcrkks I'

Bitkr wdgndgc- afeprkssdgc tf sdzk- aurdgc bgn rkefvdgc irfe t`k ifrekr- Ebcgbokgn afdms wdmm mffh sfekt`dgc

mdhk t`ds:



Kmkatrdabm Adraudt ifr b @fooy Ebcgbokgn:

Ifr sdepmdadty yfu afumn afgsdnkr usdgc t`k edgdebm adraudt:

Out prbatdabmmy yfu s`fumn cf ifr b adraudt wdt` bt mkbst b ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah sua` bs s`fwg okmfw:

Afepfgkgts Gkknkn ifr ?%@bgnkn Dgtkrmfah Adraudt:

O_DNCK _KA^DIDK_:^`k ordnck rkatdidkr afgvkrts t`k BA ebdgs dgtf NA ifr t`k ebcgkt afdm' ^`k rkatdidkr gkkns tf `bvk b aurrkgt rbtdgc

kqubm tf fr crkbtkr t`bg t`k ebcgkt afdm aurrkgt bgn b rkvkrsk vfmtbck rbtdgc kqubm tf fr crkbtkr t`bg t`k pkbh

ebdgs vfmtbck' @fwkvkr- ifr deprfvkn rkmdbodmdty dt ds okst tf a`ffsk b rkatdidkr w`da` kxakkns t`k edgdeue



rkqudrkekgts oy b ckgkrfus ebrcdg'

B sudtbomk rkatdidkr wfumn ok:

_Q Afepfgkgts pbrt gueokr: ??3%034>

Ebx aurrkgt: 1; beps afgtdgufus-

Ebx rkvkrsk vfmtbck: 2<<< Yfmts-

^kredgbms: 2&>/ qudah%afggkat fr #Ibstfg#

Bpprfx prdak: .2?'<<

YB_DQ^F_:

Bs t`k ordnck rkatdidkr ds #kxpfskn# tf t`k BA ebdgs t`kg dt ds susakptdomk tf nbebck irfe vfmtbck spdhks' (Qpdhks

brk efekgtbry mbrck dgarkbsks dg vfmtbck w`da` sfektdeks faaur fg t`k ebdgs w`da` rkmbtk tf sunnkg kvkgts

sua` bs truah ruggdgc dgtf b pfwkr pfmk- b mdc`tgdgc strdhk kta$' f cubrn bcbdgst t`ds pfssdodmdty dt ds cffn dnkb tf

idt b EFY (#vbrdstfr#$ barfss t`k ba tkredgbms fi t`k rkatdidkr' ^`k vbrdstfr s`fumn `bvk b ambepdgc vfmtbck `dc`kr

t`bg t`k gfrebm pkbh ebdgs vfmtbck out mfwkr t`bg t`k vfmtbck rbtdgc fi t`k rkatdidkr'

B sudtbomk vbrdstfr wfumn ok:

Ybrdstfr typk ?;<MB?<B\- _Q pbrt gueokr ;>1%;<91Ambeps bt: 9;< vfmts-

Ambepdgc aurrkgt: ?; beps-

Kgkrcy bosfrptdfg: up tf 3? jfumks-

Ndbektkr: 23ee-

Bpprfx prdak: .2'<<'

^@K_EBM QSD^A@:

Bs t`k Ebcgbokgn nksdcg ds rbtkn ifr fgmy dgtkredttkgt fpkrbtdfg t`kg t`k afdm afumn ok fvkr`kbtkn di sfek`fw

t`k eba`dgk wbs tf ok mkit afgtdgufusmy FG oy baadnkgt' f cubrn bcbdgst t`ds `bppkgdgc dt ds bnvdsbomk tf idt b

od%ektbmmda swdta` tf skgsk t`k tkepkrbturk fi t`k ebcgkt ofny bgn tf aut t`k aurrkgt fii dt dt ckts tff `ft'

B sudtbomk swdta` ds :

Qgbp%batdgc od%ektbmmda swdta`-

_Q Afepfgkgts pbrt gueokr 114%1<0

_btkn bt ?><Y ba- 2< beps'

Qwdta` cfks fpkg adraudt bofvk 3<¼A- butf%rkskts tf amfskn okmfw ;;¼A

^kredgbms: 2&>/ qudah%afggkat'

Bpprfx prdak: .3'<<

^`ds swdta` s`fumn ok efugtkn (oy ? sarkws$ sfekw`krk tf t`k obsk fi t`k ebcgkt ofny'

EDA_FQSD^A@:^`k FG&FII swdta` abg ok bgy swdta` wdt` sudtbomk rbtdgcs' @fwkvkr di yfu wbgt tf afupmk t`ds swdta` tf t`k

eftdfg fi t`k okgndgc okbe- dk tf turg FG w`kg t`k okbe stbrts tf efvk up- t`kg yfu wdmm prfobomy wbgt tf usk b

Y1 edarfswdta`' ^`ksk swdta`ks `bvk fvkr%akgtkr sgbp%batdgc afgtbats bgn brk `dc`my sudtbomk ifr t`ds hdgn fi

bppmdabtdfg'

B sudtbomk Y1 swdta` wfumn ok:

_Q pbrt gueokr: >3?%0?1;

Aurrkgt rbtdgc: 29 beps

Yfmtbck rbtdgc: ?;< Yfmts BA

Mkvkr typk: mfgc

Fpkrbtdgc ifrak: <'42 Gkwtfg-

^kredgbms: 2&>/ qudah%afggkat

Bpprfx prdak: .;'<<



_KMBT:

Di yfu butfebtk t`k turg%fg wdt` b Y1 swdta`- bs bofvk- t`kg dt ds strfgcmy bnvdskn t`bt yfu bmsf dgafrpfrbtk t`k

bnndtdfgbm adraudtry rkqudrkn tf cdvk b ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah (ft`krwdsk dt ds bmm tff kbsy tf baadnkgtbmmy turg t`k

ebcgkt fg bgn pfssdomy abusk bg baadnkgt$'

Dt ds pfssdomk tf nf b ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah adraudt wdt`fut t`k gkkn ifr b rkmby out dt wfumn rkqudrk t`bt b outtfg (t`k

Qtbrt outtfg$ ok `kmn dg afgtdgufusmy w`dmst nfdgc b okgn' D t ds eua` efrk afgvkgdkgt di t`k Qtbrt outtfg fgmy `bs

tf ok prksskn tf dgdtdbtk t`k dgtkrmfah bgn dg t`bt absk b rkmby wdmm ok rkqudrkn'

B sudtbomk rkmby wfumn ok:

_Q pbrt gueokr: ;22%944?

Qwdta`dgc abpbadty: 2< bep- ?>< vfmt ba-

Afdm: ?>< vfmt ba-

Afgtbat brrbgckekgt: N\N^-

Bpprfx prdak: .2<'<<

^`k rkmby s`fwg `krk `bs ? pfmks' ^`ds prfvdnks ifr t`k pfssdodmdty t`bt yfu eby bmsf wbgt tf depmkekgt bnkebcgktdsdgc adraudt bs wkmm- out di gft t`kg t`k skafgn pfmk abg ok dcgfrkn fr yfu abg a`ffsk b sdgcmk pfmk

rkmby w`da` wfumn ok smdc`tmy a`kbpkr'

MDC@^%AMBE\DGC AB\BAD^F_:

^f ba`dkvk b ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah adraudt wdt` b prk%ambepdgc p`bsk yfu wdmm gkkn b abpbadtfr rbtkn ifr afgtdgufus

fpkrbtdfg fg t`k BA ebdgs' ^`k okst typk tf usk brk fgks nksdcgkn ifr pfwkr ibatfr afrrkatdfg (kc dg imufrksakgt

mdc`ts$'- bgn t`ksk eby ok rkikrrkn tf bs #mdc`tdgc abpbadtfrs#'

B sudtbomk abpbadtfr wfumn ok:

_Q Afepfgkgts pbrt gueokr: >;2%;>22

Abpbadtbgak: 2< edarf%ibrbn-Yfmtbck rbtdgc: ?;< YBA afgtdgufus-

Efugtdgc: E0 stun-

Ndbektkr: 1;ee

Bpprfx prdak: .2;'<<

\mkbsk bmsf afgsumt t`k skatdfg: Ebcgbokgn Adraudt Fpkrbtdfg ifr ft`kr dnkbs bgn efrk bnvbgakn adraudts'

K%^T\K @FOOT EBCGBOKGN

^`k K% ypk ebcgkt arfss skatdfg ba`dkvks b `dc`kr ambepdgc ifrak irfe b cdvkg wkdc`t fi stkkm bgn afppkr wdrk'

Di yfu `bvk cffn edmmdgc ibadmdtdks bt yfur ndspfsbm t`kg t`ds ds t`k nksdcg tf cf ifr'



^`ds nksdcg bssueks t`bt t`k ebcgkt ofny wdmm ok eba`dgkn irfe b `ft%rfmmkn stkkm ombgh 2<< x ;< ee' ^`k

ndekgsdfgs bmmfw ifr eba`dgdgc t`k ombgh fg bmm sdnks tf amkbg up t`k edmm sabmk bgn rkefvk b edgfr befugt fi

mbah fi strbdc`tgkss' Di yfu brk ebhdgc b vkry mfgc ebcgkt t`kg dt ds qudtk mdhkmy t`bt sfek prk%strbdc`tkgdgc wdmm

ok rkqudrkn prdfr tf eba`dgdgc' (^`ds wfumn rkqudrk b `kbvy nuty prkss$'

Di t`k ombgh abg ok fotbdgkn bs b afmn%rfmmkn skatdfg t`kg amkbg%up eba`dgdgc eby gft ok rkqudrkn bgn `kgak t`kbofvk futkr ndekgsdfgs afumn ok dgarkbskn tf ebta` t`k sdzk fi t`k ombgh'

Mkgct`:

Tfu abg ebhk t`k mkgct` prktty eua` bgyt`dgc yfu mdhk' ^`ds sbek skatdfg `bs okkg uskn ifr Ebcgbokgns up tf

1'? ektkrs mfgc' @fwkvkr- yfu s`fumn gftk t`k rkmbtdvk ndekgsdfgs oktwkkg t`k afdm bgn t`k ebcgkt ofny' Ifr

dgstbgak t`k afdm ds mfgckr t`bg t`k stkkm #dsmbgn# t`bt dt `bs tf idt fvkr out dt ds gbrrfwkr t`bg t`k a`bggkms t`bt dt

`bs tf idt dgtf' Dt gkkns tf bvk amkbrbgak % dt wfumn ok vkry ndsbppfdgtdgc tf `bvk cfgk tf t`k trfuomk fi ebhdgc

b gdak afdm fgmy tf idgn t`bt dt wdmm gft idt dgtf t`k spbak bvbdmbomk dg t`k ebcgkt ofny"

Gftk t`bt yfu wdmm fgmy ckt iumm ambepdgc ifrak tf wdt`dg bofut ;<ee fi kba` kgn' ^`ds ds okabusk t`k imux

afgakgtrbtdfg gkbr t`k kgns ckts afgsdnkrbomy rknuakn oy irdgcdgc dgtf t`k (mfgckr$ futkr pfmks' ^`k kiikat ds

efrk skvkrk t`bg edc`t ok kxpkatkn'

Ebtkrdbm:

B ekndue abrofg stkkm- sby H2<>;- ds b cffn a`fdak `fwkvkr di yfu abggft fotbdg t`ds t`kg AQ2<?< wfumn ok

FH fr just edmn stkkm ds bmsf FH out dt wdmm nbebck b odt efrk kbsdmy bgn nfks gft eba`dgk qudtk bs wkmm bs t`k

`dc`kr abrofg stkkms'

Afgstruatdfg:

Eba`dgdgc irfe b sfmdn stkkm ombgh wdmm prfnuak t`k okst rksumt oft` p`ysdabmmy bgn ebcgktdabmmy' @fwkvkr dt ds

bmsf pfssdomk tf prfnuak t`k K% ypk ofny oy ibordabtdfg' Tfu wfumn prfobomy stbrt wdt` b pdkak 2<< x 29ee (>/ x

;&0/$ ifr t`k obsk bgn t`kg ofmt t`k pfmks tf dt wdt` Q@AQ#s afedgc up t`ru t`k obsk pmbtk' Tfu afumn bnjust t`k

ndekgsdfgs fi t`k pfmks b mdttmk tf sudt stbgnbrn sdzks' Ifr kxbepmk t`k obsk afumn ok 2<< x ?<ee (>/ x 1&>/$ di

t`bt sdzk wbs kbsdkr tf fotbdg' B t`dahkr skatdfg wdmm deprfvk t`k ebcgktda pkrifrebgak b mdttmk out tf ckt t`k iumm

okgkidt fi b t`dahkr skatdfg bmm mkcs fi t`k ebcgktda adraudt wfumn gkkn tf ok dgarkbskn tf ebta` (dgamundgc t`k

ambepobr w`da` ds gft s`fwg dg t`k bofvk nrbwdgc$'

Eka`bgdas:

Dt ds b cffn dnkb tf nrdmm bgn tbp t`k ebcgkt ofny ifr t`k vbrdfus ibstkgkrs rkqudrkn okifrk dgstbmmdgc t`k afdm' ^`bt



wby yfu edgdedsk t`k nbgckr fi nrdmmdgc dgtf t`k afdm w`da` wfumn prfobomy kiikatdvkmy nkstrfy dt' Tfu gkkn tf t`dgh

bofut ibstkgkrs ifr t`k `dgcks- bg kmkatrdabm kgamfsurk- obah%stfp obrs (di rkqudrkn$- b utdmdty trby- sfek hdgn fi

stbgn kta'

^`k Afdm:

^`k afdm wdmm ok ebnk eua` t`k sbek wby bs ifr t`k [%typk ofny bs nksardokn bofvk kxakpt t`bt t`k tkredgbtdgc

wdrks gkkn tf afek fut fg t`k ofttfe ibak fi t`k afdm bgn wfumn t`kg pbss t`ru b `fmk dg t`k obsk fi t`k ofny tf

jfdg up wdt` t`k kmkatrdabm adraudt'

Okifrk dgstbmmdgc t`k afdm ebhk bosfmutkmy surk t`bt t`krk brk gf s`brp ourrs fr swbri t`bt edc`t pugaturk t`ru t`k

afdm dgsumbtdfg' \by pbrtdaumbr bttkgtdfg tf kgns fi t`k akgtrbm pfmk8 idmk t`k s`brp kncks fii bgn ebhk kvkryt`dgc

amkbg' \rfvdnkn t`k dgsumbtdfg rkebdgs sfugn t`kg t`k afdm s`fumn mbst prktty eua` ifrkvkr' (Tfu wbgt dt tf mbst b

mfgc tdek okabusk dt ds vkry ndiidaumt tf rkpmbak mbtkr di dt nfks ibdm$'

\rftkatdfg ifr t`k Afdm:

Afeekradbm Ebcgbokgns prftkat t`k afdm wdt` bmuedgdue strdps (?< x 1 ee$ w`da` brk suppfrtkn dg sebmm rkobtks

edmmkn dgtf t`k pfmks' ^`ksk brk pkkgkn bitkr dgstbmmbtdfg tf prfnuak b jbeedgc idt bgn t`kg t`k suribak fi t`k

ebcgkt ofny ds cdvkg b idgbm mdc`t eba`dgdgc'

@fwkvkr ifr b `fooy Ebcgbokgn D be cfdgc tf succkst bgft`kr ekt`fn w`da` dgvfmvks mkss eba`dgdgc:

Just idmm up t`k spbak bofvk (bgn bt t`k kgn fi$ t`k afdm wdt` b pfmykstkr rksdg sua` bs ofny idmmkr' B typdabm orbgn

okdgc H)@ (dg Bustrbmdb$ fr Ofgnf (b pfpumbr orbgn dg t`k [Q$' ^`ds ebtkrdbm ds t`dxftrfpda- ekbgdgc t`bt dt wdmmstby dg pmbak bgn nfks gft rug fut (mdhk `fgky wfumn$' Bmsf dt `bs cffn `kbt rksdstbgak bgn ds gft pbrtdaumbrmy

kxpkgsdvk'

Bitkr t`k rksdg `bs aurkn (bofut `bmi bg `fur nkpkgndgc fg t`k tkepkrbturk bgn t`k befugt fi abtbmyst bnnkn tf

t`k edx$- dt abg ok sbgnkn gdak bgn imus` wdt` t`k stkkm suribak usdgc b okmt sbgnkr'

^`ds pbck mbst upnbtkn ?? Ikorubry ?<2?



CK^^DGC EF_K F[^ FI TF[_ EBCGBOKGN

^`krk brk skvkrbm t`dgcs yfu abg nf tf kg`bgak t`k okgndgc pkrifrebgak fi yfur Ebcgbokgn Eba`dgk'

Edgdedzk t`k tdek t`bt yfu spkgn nfdgc b okgn' ^`ds wdmm `kmp tf prkvkgt t`k eba`dgk okafedgc `ft' S`kg t`k

afdm ckts `ft dts rksdstbgak dgarkbsks bgn t`krkifrk dt nrbws mkss aurrkgt bgn tùs `bs ikwkr bepkrk%turgs bgn

tùs mkss ebcgktdsdgc ifrak'

Hkkp t`k suribak fi t`k ebcgkt amkbg bgn irkk fi sdcgdidabgt ourrs' Ourrs abg ok sbikmy rkefvkn wdt` b edmm idmk'

Bmsf hkkp t`k suribak fi t`k ebcgkt irkk fi bgy muordabtdfg sua` bs fdm' ^`ds eby abusk t`k wfrhpdkak tf smdp

obahwbrns okifrk t`k okgn ds afepmktkn'

^`dahgkss Abpbadty:

^`k ebcgkt mffsks b mft fi ambepdgc ifrak di t`krk brk bdr cbps (fr gfg%ebcgktda cbps$ fvkr fgk fr efrk fi t`k

pfmks'

Tfu abg fitkg fvkrafek t`ds prfomke oy dgskrtdgc b sarbp pdkak fi stkkm tf idmm up t`k cbp' ^`ds ds pbrtdaumbrmy

depfrtbgt w`kg okgndgc t`dahkr ebtkrdbm' ^`k idmmkr pdkak s`fumn ok t`k sbek t`dahgkss bs t`k wfrhpdkak bgn dt

s`fumn bmwbys ok stkkm gf ebttkr w`bt sfrt fi ektbm t`k wfrhpdkak ds' ^`k ndbcrbe okmfw dmmustrbtks t`ds:

Bgft`kr wby fi ckttdgc t`k eba`dgk tf okgn b t`dahkr wfrhpdkak ds tf idt b wdnkr kxtkgsdfg pdkak tf t`kokgndgc okbe' ^`ds wdmm cdvk efrk mkvkrbck fg t`k wfrhpdkak- out fovdfusmy t`ds wdmm ok gf `kmp ugmkss t`k

wfrhpdkak `bs b suiidadkgtmy wdnk mdp tf kgcbck t`k kxtkgsdfg' (^`ds ds bmsf dmmustrbtkn dg t`k ndbcrbe bofvk$'

Qpkadbm ^ffmdgc:

^`k kbsk wdt` w`da` spkadbm tffmdgc abg ok dgafrpfrbtkn wdt` t`k Ebcgbokgn ds fgk fi dts vkry strfgc ikbturks'

Ifr kxbepmk `krk ds b ambepobr t`bt `bs okkg eba`dgkn wdt` b spkadbm t`dg gfsk tf baafeefnbtk t`k ifredgc

fi b ofx knck fg b wfrhpdkak' (^`k t`dg gfsk wdmm rksumt dg sfek mfss fi ambepdgc ifrak bgn sfek mfss fi

eka`bgdabm strkgct` bgn tùs eby fgmy ok sudtbomk ifr mdc`tkr cbucks fi ektbm$' (B Ebcgbokgn fwgkr `bs uskn

tffmdgc mdhk t`ds ifr prfnuatdfg dtkes wdt` cffn rksumts$'



^`ds ofx knck s`bpk afumn bmsf okifrekn wdt`fut t`k gkkn ifr b spkadbmmyeba`dgkn ambepobr oy afeodgdgc obsdastkkm skatdfgs tf ebhk t`k tffmdgc bss`fwg fg t`k mkit'

(Dt ds kbsdkr tf ebhk t`ds stymk fi tffmdgcout dt ds mkss afgvkgdkgt tf usk afepbrknwdt` t`k spkadbmmy eba`dgkn ambepobr$'

Bgft`kr kxbepmk fi spkadbm tffmdgc ds t`k Qmfttkn Ambepobr' ^`k usk fi t ds dskxpmbdgkn dg t`k ebgubm bgn dt ds nkpdatkn `krk:



^`ds pdkak fi 9'1 ee (2&>/$ t`dah ousobr wbs okgt fg b Ebcgbokgn usdgc b spkadbmambepobr wdt` b rkobtk edmmkn t`ru dt tf tbhk t`k ousobr:

_kobtkn Ambepobr ifr okgndgc afppkr ousobr'

^`krk brk b eyrdbn fi pfssdodmdtdks ifr spkadbm tffmdgc'

@krk brk sfek shkta`ks tf cdvk yfu t`k sfrt fi dnkb:



S`kg usdgc b gfg%bttba`kn pdpk tf ifre b aurvk pmkbsk gftk t`k nktbdms dg t`k

nrbwdgc okmfw' Dt ds efst depfrtbgt t`bt t`k pbrts brk brrbgckn dg sua` b wby t`bt t`kebcgktda imux- rkprkskgtkn oy t`k nbs`kn mdgks- abg pbss dgtf t`k pdpk skatdfg wdt`fut`bvdgc tf arfss b sdcgdidabgt bdr%cbp'



Afgtbat Bmbg Ebcgbokgn @fekpbck Bmbg#s @fekpbck

^`ds pbck mbst upnbtkn: 4 Eby ?<22



EBCGBOKGN AD_A[D^ F\K_B^DFG

^`k Ebcgbokgn s`kktektbm ifmnkr ds nksdcgkn bs b NA ambepdgc kmkatrfebcgkt'

^`k sdepmkst adraudt rkqudrkn tf nrdvk t`k kmkatrf%ebcgktda afdm afgsdsts fi b swdta` bgn b ordnck rkatdidkr fgmy:

Idcurk 2: Edgdebm Adraudt:

Dt ds tf ok gftkn t`bt t`k FG&FII swdta` ds afggkatkn fg t`k BA sdnk fi t`k adraudt' ^`ds bmmfws t`k dgnuatdvk afdm aurrkgttf adraumbtk t`rfuc` t`k ndfnks dg t`k ordnck rkatdidkr ifmmfwdgc turg%fii ugtdm t`k aurrkgt nkabys kxpfgkgtdbmmy tf zkrf'

(^`k ndfnks dg t`k ordnck brk batdgc bs /imy%obah/ ndfnks$'

Ifr sbikr bgn efrk afgvkgdkgt fpkrbtdfg dt ds nksdrbomk tf `bvk b adraudt w`da` prfvdnks b ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah bgn bmsf

?%stbck ambepdgc' ^`k ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah `kmps tf kgsurk t`bt idgckrs abggft ok abuc`t ugnkr t`k ambepobr bgn t`k

stbckn ambepdgc cdvks b sfitkr stbrt bgn bmsf bmmfws fgk `bgn tf `fmn t`dgcs dg pmbak ugtdm t`k prk%ambepdgc ds batdvbtkn'

Idcurk ?: Adraudt wdt` Dgtkrmfah bgn ?%Qtbck Ambepdgc:

S`kg t`k Q B_^ outtfg ds prksskn b sebmm vfmtbck ds suppmdkn tf t`k ebcgkt afdm vdb t`k BA abpbadtfr t`us prfnuadgc b

mdc`t ambepdgc kiikat' ^`ds rkbatdvk ekt`fn fi mdedtdgc t`k aurrkgt tf t`k afdm dgvfmvks gf sdcgdidabgt pfwkr ndssdpbtdfg dg

t`k mdedtdgc nkvdak (t`k abpbadtfr$'

Iumm ambepdgc ds fotbdgkn w`kg oft` t`k Okgndgc Okbe%fpkrbtkn swdta` bgn t`k Q^B_^ outtfg brk fpkrbtkn tfckt`kr'

ypdabmmy t`k Q^B_^ outtfg wfumn ok pus`kn idrst (wdt` t`k mkit `bgn$ bgn t`kg t`k `bgnmk fi t`k okgndgc okbe wfumn ok

pummkn wdt` t`k ft`kr `bgn' Iumm ambepdgc wdmm gft faaur ugmkss t`krk ds sfek fvkrmbp dg t`k fpkrbtdfg fi t`k ? swdta`ks'

@fwkvkr fgak iumm ambepdgc ds kstbomds`kn dt ds gft gkakssbry tf hkkp `fmndgc t`k Q^B_^ outtfg'

_ksdnubm Ebcgktdse

B sebmm out sdcgdidabgt prfomke wdt` t`k Ebcgbokgn eba`dgk- bs wdt` efst kmkatrf%ebcgkts- ds t`k prfomke fi rksdnubm

ebcgktdse' ^`ds ds t`k sebmm befugt fi ebcgktdse t`bt rkebdgs bitkr t`k ebcgkt ds turgkn FII' Dt abusks t`k

ambep%obrs tf rkebdg wkbhmy ambepkn tf t`k ebcgkt ofny t`us ebhdgc rkefvbm fi t`k wfrhpdkak ndiidaumt'

[sk fi ebcgktdabmmy sfit drfg ds fgk fi ebgy pfssdomk bpprfba`ks tf fvkrafedgc rksdnubm ebcgktdse'

@fwkvkr t`ds ebtkrdbm ds `brn tf fotbdg dg stfah sdzks bgn bmsf dt ds p`ysdabmmy sfit w`da` ekbgs t`bt dt wfumn ok kbsdmy

nbebckn dg b okgndgc eba`dgk'



^`k dgamusdfg fi b gfg%ebcgktda cbp dg t`k ebcgktda adraudt ds pkr`bps t`k sdepmkst wby tf rknuak rkegbgt

ebcgktdse' ^`ds ekt`fn ds kiikatdvk bgn ds ibdrmy kbsy tf ba`dkvk dg b ibordabtkn ebcgkt ofny % just dgafrpfrbtk b pdkak

fi abrnofbrn fr bmuedgdue bofut <'?ee t`dah oktwkkg sby t`k irfgt pfmk bgn t`k afrk pdkak okifrk ofmtdgc t`k ebcgkt

pbrts tfckt`kr' ^`k ebdg nrbwobah fi t`ds ekt`fn ds t`bt t`k gfg%ebcgktda cbp nfks rknuak t`k imux bvbdmbomk ifr iumm

ambepdgc' Bmsf dt ds gft strbdc`t ifrwbrn tf dgafrpfrbtk t`k cbp dg b fgk%pdkak ebcgkt ofny bs uskn ifr t`k K%typk

ebcgkt nksdcg'

B rkvkrsk odbs idkmn- prfnuakn oy bg buxdmdbry afdm- ds bmsf bg kiikatdvk ekt`fn' Out dt dgvfmvks ugwbrrbgtkn kxtrbafepmkxdty dg t`k ebguibaturk fi t`k afdm bgn bmsf dg t`k afgtrfm adraudtry- bmt`fuc` dt wbs uskn ordkimy dg bg kbrmy

Ebcgbokgn nksdcg'

B nkabydgc fsadmmbtdfg (/rdgcdgc/$ ds afgakptubmmy b vkry cffn ekt`fn ifr nkebcgktdsdgc'

^`ksk fsadmmfsafpk p`ftfs nkpdat t`k vfmtbck (tfp trbak$ bgn aurrkgt (ofttfe trbak$ dg b Ebcgbokgn afdm wdt` b 4<

edarf%ibrbn abpbadtfr afggkatkn barfss dt tf ebhk dt skmi fsadmmbtk' (^`k BA suppmy `bs okkg turgkn fii bpprfxdebtkmy dg

t`k ednnmk fi t`k pdaturk$'

^`k idrst pdaturk ds ifr bg fpkg ebcgktda adraudt- t`bt ds wdt` gf ambepobr fg t`k ebcgkt' ^`k skafgn pdaturk ds ifr b

amfskn ebcgktda adraudt- t`bt ds wdt` b iumm mkgct` ambepobr fg t`k ebcgkt'

Dg t`k idrst pdaturk t`k vfmtbck kx dodts nkabydgc fsadmmbtdfg (rdgcdgc$ bgn sf nfks t`k aurrkgt (mfwkr trbak$- out dg t`kskafgn pdaturk t`k vfmtbck nfks gft fsadmmbtk bgn t`k aurrkgt nfks gft kvkg ebgbck tf rkvkrsk bt bmm' ^`ds ekbgs t`bt

t`krk wfumn ok gf fsadmmbtdfg fi t`k ebcgktda imux bgn `kgak gf abgakmmbtdfg fi rksdnubm ebcgktdse'

^`k prfomke ds t`bt t`k ebcgkt ds tff `kbvdmy nbepkn- ebdgmy nuk tf knny aurrkgt mfssks dg t`k stkkm- bgn t`us

ugifrtugbtkmy t`ds ekt`fn nfks gft wfrh ifr t`k Ebcgbokgn'

Ifrakn fsadmmbtdfg ds ykt bgft`kr dnkb' Di t`k ebcgkt ds tff nbepkn tf skmi%fsadmmbtk t`kg dt afumn ok ifrakn tf fsadmmbtk

oy batdvk adraudts suppmydgc kgkrcy bs rkqudrkn' ^`ds `bs bmsf okkg t`frfuc`my dgvkstdcbtkn ifr t`k Ebcgbokgn' Dts

ebdg nrbwobah ds t`bt dt dgvfmvks fvkrmy afepmdabtkn adraudtry'

_kvkrsk%pumsk nkebcgktdsdgc ds t`k ekt`fn w`da` `bs prfvkn efst afst%kiikatdvk ifr t`k Ebcgbokgn' ^`k nktbdms fi

t`ds nksdcg rkprkskgt frdcdgbm wfrh pkrifrekn oy Ebcgktda Kgcdgkkrdgc \ty Mtn' B nktbdmkn ndsaussdfg ifmmfws:

_KYK_QK%\[MQK NKEBCGK^DQDGC

^`k ksskgak fi t`ds dnkb ds tf stfrk kgkrcy dg b abpbadtfr bgn t`kg tf rkmkbsk dt dgtf t`k afdm just bitkr t`k ebcgkt ds

turgkn fii' ^`k pfmbrdty gkkns tf ok sua` t`bt t`k abpbadtfr wdmm dgnuak b rkvkrsk aurrkgt dg t`k afdm' ^`k befugt fi

kgkrcy stfrkn dg t`k abpbadtfr abg ok tbdmfrkn tf ok just suiidadkgt tf abgakm t`k rksdnubm ebcgktdse' ( ff eua` kgkrcy

afumn fvkrnf dt bgn rk%ebcgktdsk t`k ebcgkt dg t`k fppfsdtk ndrkatdfg$'

B iurt`kr bnvbgtbck fi t`k rkvkrsk%pumsk ekt`fn ds t`bt dt prfnuaks vkry ibst nkebcgktdsdgc bgn bg bmefst dgstbgt

rkmkbsk fi t`k ambepobr irfe t`k ebcgkt' ^`ds ds okabusk dt ds gft gkakssbry tf wbdt ifr t`k afdm aurrkgt tf nkaby tf

zkrf okifrk afggkatdgc t`k rkvkrsk pumsk' Fg bppmdabtdfg fi t`k pumsk t`k afdm aurrkgt ds ifrakn tf zkrf (bgn t`kg dgtf

rkvkrsk$ vkry eua` ibstkr t`bg dts gfrebm kxpfgkgtdbm nkaby wfumn `bvk okkg'

Idcurk 1: Obsda _kvkrsk%\umsk Adraudt



Gfw- gfrebmmy- pmbadgc b swdta` afgtbat oktwkkg t`k rkatdidkr bgn t`k ebcgkt afdm ds /pmbydgc wdt` idrk/'

^`ds ds okabusk bg dgnuatdvk aurrkgt abggft ok sunnkgmy dgtkrruptkn' Di dt ds t`kg t`k swdta` afgtbats wdmm bra bgn t`k

swdta` wdmm ok nbebckn fr kvkg afepmktkmy nkstrfykn' (^`k eka`bgdabm kqudvbmkgt wfumn ok trydgc tf sunnkgmy stfp b

imyw`kkm$'

^`us- w`btkvkr adraudt ds nkvdskn dt eust prfvdnk bg kiikatdvk pbt`wby ifr t`k afdm aurrkgt bt bmm tdeks- dgamundgc ifr t`k

ikw edmmdskafgns w`dmk b swdta` afgtbat a`bgcks fvkr''

^`k bofvk adraudt- w`da` afgsdsts fi fgmy ? abpbadtfrs bgn ? ndfnks (pmus b rkmby afgtbat$- ba`dkvks t`k iugatdfgs fi a`brcdgc t`k Qtfrbck abpbadtfr tf b gkcbtdvk vfmtbck (rkmbtdvk tf t`k rkikrkgak sdnk fi t`k afdm$ bgn bmsf prfvdnks bg

bmtkrgbtdvk pbt`wby ifr afdm aurrkgt w`dmk t`k rkmby afgtbat ds fg t`k imy'

@fw dt wfrhs:

Orfbnmy N2 bgn A? bat bs b a`brck puep ifr A2 w`dmk N? ds b ambep ndfnk w`da` `fmns pfdgt O irfe cfdgc pfsdtdvk'

S`dmk t`k ebcgkt ds FG t`k rkmby afgtbat wdmm ok afggkatkn tf dts /gfrebmmy fpkg/ (GF$ tkredgbm bgn t`k ebcgkt wdmm ok

nfdgc dts gfrebm jfo fi ambepdgc s`kktektbm' ^`k a`brck puep wdmm ok a`brcdgc A2 tfwbrns b pkbh gkcbtdvk vfmtbck

kqubm dg ebcgdtunk tf t`k pkbh afdm vfmtbck' ^`k vfmtbck fg A2 wdmm dgarkbsk kxpfgkgtdbmmy out dt wdmm ok iummy a`brckn

wdt`dg bofut 2&? b skafgn'

Dt t`kg rkebdgs dg t`bt stbtk ugtdm t`k eba`dgk ds turgkn FII'

Deekndbtkmy bitkr swdta`%fii t`k rkmby `fmns dg ifr b s`frt tdek' Nurdgc t`ds tdek t`k `dc`my dgnuatdvk afdm aurrkgt wdmm

afgtdguk tf rkadraumbtk t`ru t`k ndfnks dg t`k ordnck rkatdidkr' Gfw- bitkr b nkmby fi bofut 1< edmmdskafgns t`k rkmby

afgtbat wdmm stbrt tf skpbrbtk' ^`k afdm aurrkgt abg gf mfgckr cf t`ru t`k rkatdidkr ndfnks out dgstkbn idgns b pbt` t`ru

A2- N2- bgn A?' ^`k ndrkatdfg fi t`ds aurrkgt ds sua` t`bt dt wdmm iurt`kr dgarkbsk t`k gkcbtdvk a`brck fg A2 bgn dt wdmmokcdg tf a`brck A? bmsf'

^`k vbmuk fi A? gkkns tf ok mbrck kgfuc` tf afgtrfm t`k rbtk fi vfmtbck rdsk barfss t`k fpkgdgc rkmby afgtbat tf kgsurk

t`bt bg bra nfks gft ifre' B vbmuk fi bofut ; edarf%ibrbns pkr bep fi afdm aurrkgt ds bnkqubtk ifr b typdabm rkmby'

Idcurk > okmfw s`fws nktbdms fi t`k wbvkifres w`da` faaur nurdgc t`k idrst `bmi b skafgn bitkr turg FII' ^`k vfmtbck

rbep w`da` ds okdgc afgtrfmmkn oy A? ds amkbrmy vdsdomk fg t`k rkn trbak dg t`k ednnmk fi t`k idcurk- dt ds mbokmkn /_kmby

afgtbat fg t`k imy/' (^`k batubm imy%fvkr tdek abg ok nknuakn irfe t`ds trbak8 dt ds bofut 2'; es$'

Bs sffg bs t`k rkmby brebturk mbgns fg dts GA tkredgbm t`k gkcbtdvkmy a`brckn stfrbck abpbadtfr ds afggkatkn tf t`k

ebcgkt afdm' ^`ds nfks gft deekndbtkmy rkvkrsk t`k afdm aurrkgt out t`k aurrkgt ds gfw ruggdgc /up`dmm/ bgn t`us dt ds

qudahmy ifrakn t`ru zkrf bgn tfwbrns b gkcbtdvk pkbh w`da` faaurs bofut 0< es bitkr t`k afggkatdfg fi t`k stfrbck

abpbadtfr' (Qkk Idcurk ;$' ^`k gkcbtdvk aurrkgt wdmm dgnuak b gkcbtdvk imux dg t`k ebcgkt w`da` wdmm abgakm fut t`k

rksdnubm ebcgktdse bgn t`k ambepobr bgn wfrhpdkak wdmm ok qudahmy rkmkbskn'

Idcurk >: Kxpbgnkn Sbvkifres



Idcurk ;: Yfmtbck bgn Aurrkgt Sbvkifres fg Ebcgkt Afdm

Idcurk ; bofvk nkpdats t`k vfmtbck bgn aurrkgt wbvkifres fg t`k ebcgkt afdm nurdgc t`k prk%ambepdgc p`bsk- t`k iumm

ambepdgc p`bsk- bgn t`k nkebcgktdsdgc p`bsk'

Dt ds t`fuc`t t`bt t`k sdepmdadty bgn kiikatdvkgkss fi t`ds nkebcgktdsdgc adraudt s`fumn ekbg t`bt dt wdmm idgn bppmdabtdfg dg

ft`kr kmkatrfebcgkts t`bt gkkn nkebcgktdsdgc' Kvkg di rksdnubm ebcgktdse ds gft b prfomke t`ds adraudt afumn stdmm ok

vkry uskium tf afeeutbtk t`k afdm aurrkgt tf zkrf vkry qudahmy bgn `kgak cdvk rbpdn rkmkbsk'

\rbatdabm Ebcgbokgn Adraudt:

^`k adraudt afgakpts ndsausskn bofvk abg ok afeodgkn dgtf b iumm adraudt wdt` oft` b ?%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah bgn rkvkrsk

pumsk nkebcgktdsdgc bs s`fwg okmfw (Idcurk 9$:

Idcurk 9: Afeodgkn Adraudt



^`ds adraudt wdmm wfrh out ugifrtugbtkmy dt ds sfekw`bt ugrkmdbomk'

f fotbdg rkmdbomk fpkrbtdfg bgn mfgckr swdta` mdik dt ds gkakssbry tf bnn sfek kxtrb afepfgkgts tf t`k obsda adraudt bs

s`fwg okmfw (Idcurk 3$:

Idcurk 3: Afeodgkn Adraudt wdt` _kidgkekgts

QS2:

^`ds ds b ?%pfmk dsfmbtdgc swdta`' Dt ds bnnkn ifr afgvkgdkgak bgn tf afepmy wdt` kmkatrdabm stbgnbrns' Dt ds bmsf nksdrbomk

ifr t`ds swdta` tf dgafrpfrbtk b gkfg dgndabtfr mdc`t tf s`fw t`k FG&FII stbtus fi t`k adraudt'

N1 bgn A>:

Sdt`fut N1 t`k mbta`dgc fi t`k rkmby ds ugrkmdbomk bgn nkpkgns sfekw`bt fg t`k p`bsdgc fi t`k ebdgs wbvkifre bt t`k

tdek fi fpkrbtdfg fi t`k okgndgc okbe swdta`' N1 dgtrfnuaks b nkmby (typdabmmy 1< edmmd skafgns$ dg t`k nrfp fut fi t`k

rkmby' ^ ds fvkrafeks t`k mbta`dgc prfomke bgn dt ds bmsf okgkidadbm tf `bvk b nrfp fut nkmby just prdfr tf t`k fgskt fi t`k

nkebcgktdsdgc pumsk (mbtkr dg t`k ayamk$' A> prfvdnks BA afupmdgc fi t`k rkmby adraudt w`da` wfumn ft`krwdsk ok b

`bmi%wbvk s`frt adraudt w`kg t`k Q B_^ outtfg wbs prksskn'

^@K_E' QSD^A@:

^`ds swdta` `bs dts `fusdgc dg afgtbat wdt` t`k ebcgkt ofny bgn dt wdmm cf fpkg adraudt di t`k ebcgkt ckts tff `ft (73<

A$' \uttdgc dt dg skrdks wdt` t`k rkmby afdm ekbgs t`bt dt fgmy `bs tf swdta` t`k sebmm aurrkgt t`rfuc` t`k rkmby afdm rbt`kr

t`bg t`k iumm ebcgkt aurrkgt'

_?:

S`kg t`k Q B_^ outtfg ds prksskn t`k rkmby pumms dg bgn t`kg t`krk wdmm ok bg dg%rus` aurrkgt w`da` a`brcks A1 vdb

t`k ordnck rkatdidkr- A? bgn ndfnk N?' Sdt`fut _? t`krk wfumn ok gf rksdstbgak dg t`ds adraudt bgn t`k rksumtdgc `dc`

aurrkgt afumn nbebck t`k afgtbats dg t`k Q^B_^ swdta`'

Bmsf- t`krk ds bgft`kr adraudt afgndtdfg w`krk _? prfvdnks prftkatdfg: Di t`k okgndgc okbe swdta` (QS?$ efvks irfe t`k

GF tkredgbm (w`krk dt wfumn ok abrrydgc t`k iumm ebcgkt aurrkgt$ tf t`k GA tkredgbm- t`kg fitkg bg bra wfumn ifre bgn di

t`k Q B_^ swdta` wbs stdmm okdgc `kmn bt t`ds tdek t`kg A1 wfumn dg kiikat ok s`frt a draudtkn bgn- nkpkgndgc fg `fw

eua` vfmtbck wbs fg A1- t`kg t`ds afumn nbebck QS?' @fwkvkr bcbdg _? wfumn mdedt t`ds s`frt adraudt aurrkgt tf b sbik

vbmuk' _? gkkns fgmy b mfw rksdstbgak vbmuk (typdabmmy ? f`es$ dg frnkr tf prfvdnk suiidadkgt prftkatdfg'

Ybrdstfr:



^`k vbrdstfr- w`da` ds afggkatkn oktwkkg t`k BA tkredgbms fi t`k rkatdidkr- gfrebmmy nfks gft`dgc' Out di t`krk ds b surck

vfmtbck fg t`k ebdgs (nuk tf ifr dgstbgak % b gkbroy mdc`tkgdgc strdhk $ t`kg t`k vbrdstfr wdmm bosfro t`k kgkrcy dg t`k

surck bgn prkvkgt t`k vfmtbck spdhk irfe nbebcdgc t`k ordnck rkatdidkr'

_2:

Di t`k Q^B_^ outtfg wbs tf ok prksskn nurdgc b nkebcgktdsdgc pumsk t`kg t`ds wfumn mdhkmy abusk bg bra bt t`k rkmby

afgtbat w`da` dg turg wfumn vdrtubmmy s`frt%adraudt A2 (t`k stfrbck abpbadtfr$' ^`k abpbadtfr kgkrcy wfumn ok nuepkn

dgtf t`k adraudt afgsdstdgc fi A2- t`k ordnck rkatdidkr bgn t`k bra dg t`k rkmby' Sdt`fut _2 t`krk ds vkry mdttmk rksdstbgak dg

t`ds adraudt bgn sf t`k aurrkgt wfumn ok vkry `dc` bgn wfumn ok suiidadkgt tf wkmn t`k afgtbats dg t`k rkmby' _2 prfvdnksprftkatdfg dg t`ds (sfekw`bt ugusubm$ kvkgtubmdty'

Qpkadbm Gftk rk A`fdak fi _2:

Di t`k kvkgtubmdty nksardokn bofvk nfks faaur t`kg _2 wdmm bosfro vdrtubmmy bmm fi t`k kgkrcy t`bt wbs stfrkn dg A2

rkcbrnmkss fi t`k batubm vbmuk fi _2' Sk wbgt _2 tf ok mbrck afepbrkn wdt` ft`kr adraudt rksdstbgaks out sebmm

afepbrkn wdt` t`k rksdstbgak fi t`k Ebcgbokgn afdm (ft`krwdsk _2 wfumn rknuak t`k kiikatdvkgkss fi t`k

nkebcgktdsdgc pumsk$' B vbmuk fi brfugn ; tf 2< fès wfumn ok sudtbomk out w bt pfwkr rbtdgc s`fumn _2 `bvk6 S`bt

wk rkbmmy gkkn tf spkadiy ds t`k pumsk pfwkr - fr kgkrcy rbtdgc fi t`k rksdstfr' Out t`ds a`brbatkrdstda ds gft usubmmy

spkadidkn ifr pfwkr rksdstfrs' Mfw vbmuk pfwkr rksdstfrs brk usubmmy wdrk%wfugn bgn wk `bvk nktkredgkn t`bt t`k ardtdabm

ibatfr tf mffh ifr dg t`ds rksdstfr ds t`k befugt fi batubm wdrk uskn dg dts afgstruatdfg' Tfu gkkn tf arbah fpkg b

sbepmk rksdstfr bgn ekbsurk t`k cbuck bgn t`k mkgct` fi wdrk uskn' Irfe t`ds abmaumbtk t`k tftbm vfmuek fi t`k wdrk

bgn t`kg a`ffsk b rksdstfr wdt` bt mkbst ?< ee1

fi wdrk'

(Ifr kxbepmk b 9'0 fè&22 wbtt rksdstfr irfe _Q Afepfgkgts wbs ifugn tf `bvk b wdrk vfmuek fi ?>ee

1

$'

Ifrtugbtkmy t`ksk kxtrb afepfgkgts brk sebmm dg sdzk bgn afst bgn `kgak bnn fgmy b ikw nfmmbrs tf t`k fvkrbmm afst fi

t`k Ebcgbokgn kmkatrdas'

^`krk ds bg bnndtdfgbm odt fi adraudtry t`bt `bs gft ykt okkg ndsausskn' ^`ds fvkrafeks b rkmbtdvkmy edgfr prfomke:

Di t`k Q^B_^ outtfg ds prksskn bgn ds gft ifmmfwkn oy pummdgc fg t`k `bgnmk (w`da` wfumn ft`krwdsk cdvk iumm ambepdgc$

t`kg t`k stfrbck abpbadtfr wdmm gft ok iummy a`brckn bgn t`k nkebcgktdsdgc pumsk t`bt rksumts fg rkmkbsk fi t`k Q B_^

outtfg wdmm gft iummy nkebcgktdsk t`k eba`dgk' ^`k ambepobr wfumn t`kg rkebdg stuah tf t`k eba`dgk bgn t`bt wfumn ok

b gudsbgak'

^`k bnndtdfg fi N> bgn _1- s`fwg dg omuk dg Idcurk 0 okmfw- ikkn b sudtbomk wbvkifre dgtf t`k a`brck puep adraudt tf

kgsurk t`bt A2 ckts a`brckn kvkg di iumm ambepdgc ds gft bppmdkn' (^`k vbmuk fi _1 ds gft ardtdabm % ??< fès&2< wbtt

wfumn sudt efst eba`dgks$'

Idcurk 0: Adraudt wdt` Nkebcgktdsk bitkr /Q^B_^/ fgmy:

Ifr efrk dgifrebtdfg bofut adraudt afepfgkgts pmkbsk rkikr tf t`k Afepfgkgts skatdfg dg /Oudmn Tfur Fwg Ebcgbokgn/

Ifr rkikrkgak purpfsks t`k iumm adraudt ndbcrbes fi ?>< Yfmt BA- K% ypk Ebcgbokgn eba`dgks ebguibaturkn oy

Ebcgktda Kgcdgkkrdgc \ty Mtn brk s`fwg okmfw'

Gftk t`bt ifr fpkrbtdfg fg 22; YBA ebgy afepfgkgt vbmuks wfumn gkkn tf ok efndidkn' (Ebcgktda Kgcdgkkrdgc akbskn

prfnuatdfg fi Ebcgbokgn eba`dgks dg ?<<1 w`kg t`k ousdgkss wbs sfmn$'



Gftk: ^`k bofvk ndsaussdfg wbs dgtkgnkn tf kxpmbdg t`k ebdg prdgadpmks fi t`k adraudt fpkrbtdfg bgn gft bmm nktbdms `bvk

okkg afvkrkn' ^`k iumm adraudts s`fwg bofvk brk bmsf dgamunkn dg t`k Ebcgbokgn ebgubms w`da` brk bvbdmbomk

kmskw`krk fg t`ds sdtk'

Dt ds bmsf tf ok gftkn t`bt wk nkvkmfpkn iummy sfmdn stbtk vkrsdfgs fi t`ds adraudt w`da` uskn DCO s dgstkbn fi b rkmby tfswdta` t`k aurrkgt'

^`k sfmdn stbtk adraudt wbs gkvkr uskn dg bgy Ebcgbokgn eba`dgks out wbs uskn ifr spkadbm ebcgkts t`bt wk

ebguibaturkn ifr prfnuatdfg mdgks' ^`ksk prfnuatdfg mdgks typdabmmy turgkn fut ;-<<< dtkes (sua` bs b rkirdckrbtfr nffr$

pkr nby'

\mkbsk usk t`k Afgtbat Bmbg mdgh fg t`ds sdtk tf skkh efrk dgifrebtdfg'

^`ds skatdfg mbst upnbtkn: ?; Qkptkeokr ?<2?

k 0 ?;&<9&?<21 <0:?2 p'e'



2

KMKA^_FEBCGK^DA Q@KK^EK^BM IFMNK_Q

EBCGBOKGN % [QK_ EBG[BMifr

EFNKMQ 9;<K- 2<<<K ) 2?;<K

Afgtkgts \bck

DG^_FN[A^DFG '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1BQQKEOMT''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''>

Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''9DGQ\KA DFG Q@KK^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2<

[QDGC ^@K EBCGBOKGN:OBQDA F\K_B DFG''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2?\FSK_ Q@KB_ BAAKQQF_T'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''21

IFMNKN MD\ (@KE$''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2>_FMMKN KNCK''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2;EBHDGC B ^KQ^ \DKAK'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''29OFPKQ (Q@F_^ AMBE\OB_Q$'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''20

^_BTQ (QMF^^KN AMBE\OB_Q$''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?2

[QDGC OBAHQ^F\Q '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''??

BAA[_BAT '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?1

EBDG^KGBGAK''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?>^_F[OMK Q@FF DGC''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?;AD_A[D^ NDBC_BEQ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?3SB__BG^T ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?0

SB__BG^T _KCDQ^_B^DFG'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''?4

Qugnby- ?0 Gfvkeokr ?<2<



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1

^`k Ebcgbokgn s`kktektbm okgndgc eba`dgk ds b `dc`my vkrsbtdmk bgn kbsytf usk eba`dgk ifr okgndgc bmm typks fi s`kktektbm sua` bs bmuedgdue- afp%

pkr- stkkm- bgn stbdgmkss stkkm'

^`k kmkatrfebcgktda ambepdgc systke prfvdnks efrk irkknfe tf ifre t`kwfrhpdkak dgtf afepmkx s`bpks' Dt ds kbsy tf ifre vkry nkkp gbrrfw a`bg%gkms- amfskn skatdfgs- bgn nkkp ofxks t`bt brk ndiidaumt fr depfssdomk fg b

afgvkgtdfgbm eba`dgk'

^`k ugdquk `dgcdgc systke uskn ifr t`k okgndgc okbe prfvdnks b afe%

pmktkmy fpkg%kgnkn eba`dgk t`us crkbtmy kxtkgndgc dts vkrsbtdm dty' ^`k sdgcmkafmueg stbgn nksdcg bmsf afgtrdoutks tf t`k vkrsbtdmdty fi t`k eba`dgk oy prf%

vdndgc b /irkk%bre/ kiikat bt t`k kgns fi t`k eba`dgk'

Kbsk fi usk imfws irfe t`k idgckrtdp afgtrfm fi t`k ambepdgc bgn ugambepdgc-

t`k kbsk bgn baaurbay fi okgn bmdcgekgt- bgn t`k butfebtda bnjustekgt ifr s`kktektbm t`dahgkss'

B twf%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah prfvdnks sbikty ifr t`k fpkrbtfr'

Iugnbekgtbmmy t`k usk fi ebcgktda ambepdgc ekbgs t`bt okgndgc mfbns brktbhkg rdc`t bt t`k pfdgt w`krk t`ky brk ckgkrbtkn8 ifraks nf gft `bvk tf ok

trbgsikrrkn tf suppfrt struaturks bt t`k kgns fi t`k eba`dgk' ^`ds dg turgekbgs t`bt t`k ambepdgc ekeokr nfks gft gkkn bgy struaturbm oumh bgn `kgakabg ok ebnk eua` efrk afepbat bgn mkss `dgnkrdgc' (^`k t`dahgkss fi t`kambepobr ds nktkredgkn fgmy oy dts rkqudrkekgt tf abrry suiidadkgt ebcgktda

imux bgn gft oy struaturbm afgsdnkrbtdfgs bt bmm$'

Qpkadbm akgtkrmkss afepfugn `dgcks `bvk okkg nkvkmfpkn kspkadbmmy ifr t`kEbcgbokgn- bgn brk ndstrdoutkn bmfgc t`k mkgct` fi t`k okgndgc okbe bgn

t`us- mdhk t`k ambepobr- tbhk okgndgc mfbns amfsk tf w`krk t`ky brk ckgkrbtkn'

^`k afeodgkn kiikat fi t`k ebcgktda ambepdgc wdt` t`k spkadbm akgtkrmkss`dgcks ekbgs t`bt t`k Ebcgbokgn ds b vkry afepbat- spbak sbvdgc- eba`dgk

wdt` b vkry `dc` strkgct`%tf%wkdc`t rbtdf'

^f ckt t`k efst fut fi yfur eba`dgk - pmkbsk rkbn t`ds ebgubm- pbrtdaumbrmy

t`k skatdfg tdtmkn [QDGC ^@K EBCGBOKGN' \mkbsk bmsf rkturg t`k SB_%_BG^T _KCDQ^_B^DFG bs t`ds wdmm sdepmdiy bgy ambdes ugnkr wbrrbgtybgn bmsf dt cdvks t`k ebguibaturkr b rkafrn fi yfur bnnrkss w`da` ibadmdtbtks

hkkpdgc austfekrs dgifrekn fi bgy nkvkmfpekgts w`da` eby okgkidt t`ke'

EBCGBOKGN % DG^_FN[A^DFG



>

BQQKEOMT '''

BQQKEOMT DGQ^_[A^DFGQ

2' [gpbah t`k afmueg bgn t`k ikkt bgn mfabtk t`k pbahkt fi ibstkgkrs bgn t`k

9 ee Bmmkg hky'?' Bttba` t`k ikkt tf t`k afmueg' ^`k pbdr fi ikkt wdt` t`k ombah bgn ykmmfw

sbikty tbpk s`fumn pfdgt ifrwbrns irfe t`k afmueg' (^`k irfgt ibak fi t`kafmueg ds t`k sdnk wdt`fut b jfdg dg dt'$

[sk E2< x 29 outtfg `kbn sarkws tf bttba` t`k ikkt'

1' Efnkms 9;<K bgn 2<<<K: Bttba` t`k ifftpmbtk ugnkr t`k tdps fi t`k irfgtikkt' [sk twf E2< x 29 abp%`kbn sarkws wdt` wbs`krs' Bmdcgekgt fi t`k

sarkw `fmks wdmm ok ebnk kbsdkr di t`k ifft efugtdgc sarkws brk mkit mffskugtdm bitkr t`k ifftpmbtk ds idttkn' ^`k E0 x ?< abp%`kbn sarkws dg t`k rkbr ikkt eby ok bnjustkn tf mkvkm t`k eba`dgk bgn sudt bgy ugkvkggkss dg t`k

imffr'Efnkm 2?;<K: B ifftpmbtk ds gft suppmdkn wdt` t`ds eba`dgk8 dt eust ok

ofmtkn tf t`k imffr bt t`k irfgt ikkt'

>' Sdt` t`k bdn fi bg bssdstbgt abrkiummy pmbak t`k Ebcgbokgn eba`dgk fg t`k

stbgn bgn skaurk dt wdt` E0 x 29 abp%`kbn sarkws'Efnkms 9;<K ) 2<<<K: Ok surk tf cudnk t`k wdrks bgn afggkatfr nfwg

dgtf t`k afmueg bs t`k eba`dgk ds okdgc mfwkrkn fgtf t`k stbgn'

;' Efnkms 9;<K ) 2<<<K: _kefvk t`k rkbr kmkatrdabm baakss pbgkm bgn pmuc%tfckt`kr t`k 1%pdg afggkatfr' ^`ds afggkats t`k kmkatrfebcgkt dg t`k ofny

fi t`k eba`dgk tf t`k kmkatrdabm ugdt dg t`k afmueg' _kpmbak t`k pbgkm'Efnkm 2?;<K: Ibstkg t`k ebdgs%abomk amdp tf t`k obah fi t`k afmueg wdt`

bg E9 x 2< pbg%`kbn sarkw'

9' Efnkm 9;<K: Jfdg t`k twf `bmvks fi t`k trby usdgc E9 pbg%`kbn sarkws

bgn guts' Bttba` t`k trby (wdt` ruookr ebt$ tf t`k rkbr fi t`k eba`dgk us%dgc twf E0 x 2? abp%`kbn sarkws' Idt twf obahstfp smdnks tf t`k sdnks fi t`k trby'Efnkms 2<<<K bgn 2?;<K: Bttba` t`k twf obahstfp obrs dgtf t`k obah fi

t`k eba`dgk usdgc twf E0 x 29 sarkws ifr kba` obr' Bttba` t`k trby (wdt`ruookr ebt$ tf t`k rkbr fi t`k eba`dgk usdgc t`rkk E0 x 29 abp%`kbn

sarkws' Idt b stfp afmmbr fgtf kba` obahstfp obr'

3' Bttba` t`k `bgnmk(s$ wdt` E0 x 29 abp%`kbn sarkws'Efnkms 9;<K bgn 2<<<K: ^`k `bgnmk s`fumn ok smdppkn nfwg t`rfuc` t`kbgcmk dgndabtdgc rdgc okifrk bttba`dgc t`k `bgnmk'Efnkm 2?;<K: ^`k `bgnmk wdt` t`k bgcmk sabmk eust ok idttkn fg t`k mkit

sdnk- bgn b stfp afmmbr smdppkn fgtf dt bgn ambepkn up gkbr t`k tfp fi t`k`bgnmk'

0' Efnkm 2?;<K: Qwdgc t`k okgndgc okbe up t`rfuc` 20<¼' [gpbah t`k bg%



9

GFEDGBM AB\BAD^T Eba`dgk Skdc`t

Efnkm 9;<K: 9?; ee x 2'9 ee (?it x 29c$ 3? hc

Efnkm 2<<<K: 2<<< ee x 2'9 ee (1it x 29c$ 22< hcEfnkm 2?;<K: 2?;< ee x 2'9 ee (>it x 29c$ 2;< hc

AMBE\DGC IF_AK

^ftbm ifrak wdt` stbgnbrn iumm%mkgct` ambep%obr:

Efnkm 9;<K: 1 ^fggk

Efnkm 2<<<K: >'; ^fggk

Efnkm 2?;<K: 9 ^fggk

KMKA^_DABM

2 \`bsk- ??<&?>< Y BA

Aurrkgt:

Efnkm 9;<K: > Bep

Efnkm 2<<<K: 9 Bep

Efnkm 2?;<K: 0 Bep

Nuty Ayamk: 1<+

\rftkatdfg: ^`krebm aut%fut- 3<¼A

Afgtrfm: Qtbrt outtfg '''prk%ambepdgc ifrak

Okgndgc okbe edarfswdta`'''iumm ambepdgc

Dgtkrmfah'''t`k stbrt outtfg bgn t`k okgndgc okbe eust ok fpkr%btkn dg afrrkat fvkrmbppdgc skqukgak tf dgdtdbtk iumm%ambepdgc ifrak'

@DGCKQ

Qpkadbm akgtkrmkss nksdcg tf prfvdnk b afepmktkmy fpkg%kgnkn eba`dgk'

_ftbtdfg bgcmk: 20<¼

OKGNDGC NDEKGQDFGQ

Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ '''

_kikr tf A`brt

29ee (edg$

40ee (edg$ Qtbgnbrn Ambepobr >4ee (edg$ Gbrrfw Ambepobr

29ee (edg$

29ee (edg$

[gmdedtkn



3

OKGNDGC AB\BODMD^T

(S`kg usdgc b stbgnbrn iumm%mkgct` ambep%obr tf okgn b iumm%mkgct` wfrh%

pdkak$

* Sdt` kxtkgsdfg obr idttkn tf okgndgc okbe'

Q@F_^ AMBE\%OB_ QK^

Mkgct`s: Efnkm 9;<K: ?;- 10- ;?- 3<- 2><- ?0< ee

Efnkms 2<<<K ) 2?;<K: ?;- 10- ;?- 3<- 2><- ?0<- ;43 ee

Bmm sdzks (kxakpt ;43 ee$ eby ok pmucckn tfckt`kr tf ifre b okgndgc knck

wdt`dg ?; ee fi bgy nksd rkn mkgct` up tf ;3; ee'

QMF^^KN AMBE\OB_

S`kg suppmdkn- b spkadbm skt fi 0 ee wdnk smfts prfvdnk ifr ifredgc bmm trby

sdzks dg t`k rbgck s`fwg okmfw:

* Ifr nkkpkr trbys usk t`k Q`frt Ambep%obr skt'

''' Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ '''

EFNKM ^_BT MKGC^@Q EBP' ^_BT NK\^@

9;<K 2; tf 91; ee >< ee*

2<<<K 2; tf 2<2; ee >< ee*

2?;<K 2; tf 2?9; ee >< ee*

EB^K_DBM ^@DAHGKQQ MD\ SDN^@ OKGN _BND[Q

(ydkmn&umtdebtk strkss$ (edgdeue$ (typdabm$

Edmn%stkkm 2'9 ee 1< ee* 1'; ee

(?;<&1?< E\b$ 2'? ee 2; ee ?'? ee

2'< ee 2< ee 2'; eeBmuedgdue 2'9 ee 1< ee* 2'0 ee

Crbnk ;<<; @1> 2'? ee 2; ee 2'? ee

(2><&29< E\b$ 2'< ee 2< ee 2'< ee

Qtbdgmkss Qtkkm 2'< ee 1< ee* 1'; ee

Crbnks 1<>- 129 <'4 ee 2; ee 1'< ee

(?2<&9<< E\b$ <'0 ee 2< ee 2'0 ee



4

''' Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ

I_FG^ ) QDNK KMKYB^DFGQ (ee$

A_FQQ%QKA^DFG NK^BDM (ee$

EFNKM 2?;<K



2<

DGQ\KA^DFG Q@KK^ '''

QK_DBM GF' NB^K

KB_^@DGC AFGGKA^DFGQ

Ekbsurk rksdstbgak irfe ebdgs pmuc kbrt` pdg tf ebcgkt ofny '''' f`e

KMKA^_DABM DQFMB^DFG

Ekcckr irfe afdm tf ebcgkt ofny '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

EDG&EBP Q[\\MT YFM^BCK ^KQ^Q

Bt ?9<v: \rk%ambep'''' iumm%ambep'''' rkmkbsk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Bt ?<<v: \rk%ambep'''' rkmkbsk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

\rk%ambep'''' iumm%ambep'''' rkmkbsk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

DG^K_MFAH QKR[KGAK

Sdt` pfwkr fg- pumm @BGNMK- t`kg prkss Q^B_^ outtfg'

A`kah t`bt eba`dgk nfks GF^ batdvbtk '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

BGCMK QABMK

_kbndgc bt knck fi Dgndabtfr w`kg okgndgc okbe ds skt

tf 4<¼ wdt` bg kgcdgkkr#s squbrk' (edg 04¼ - ebx 42¼ $''''''''''''''' nkc

EBCGK^ OFNT

Qtrbdc`tgkss fi tfp suribak- bmfgc irfgt pfmk

(ebx nkvdbtdfg 5 <'; ee$ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ee

Imbtgkss fi tfp suribak- barfss t`k pfmks

(ebx nkvdbtdfg 5 <'2 ee$ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ee

^[_G%FG&FII BGCMKQ

Efvkekgt fi Okgndgc Okbe tf batdvbtk iumm%ambepdgc-ekbsurkn bt ofttfe fi okgndgc okbe' (> ee tf 9 ee$ '''''''''''''' ee

_kvkrsk eftdfg tf swdta`%fii eba`dgk' Ekbsurk obah

irfe 4<¼' (Q`fumn ok wdt`dg t`k rbgck 2;¼ ;¼ $''''''''''''''''''''''' nkc

OKGNDGC OKBE

Qtrbdc`tgkss fi wfrhdgc suribak (ebx nkvdbtdfg 5<'?; ee$ '''''''' ee

Bmdcgekgt fi kxtkgsdfg obr (ebx nkvdbtdfg 5 <'?; ee$'''''''''''''' ee

XGftk: ^kst strbdc`tgkss wdt` prkadsdfg strbdc`t%knck'U

EFNKM



2?

SB_GDGC

^`k Ebcgbokgn s`kktektbm ifmnkr abg kxkrt b tftbm ambepdgc ifrak fi skvkrbm

tfggks (skk Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ$' Dt ds kqudppkn wdt` b twf%`bgnkn dgtkrmfah tf `kmp kgsurk t`bt idgckrs abggft ok dgbnvkrtkgtmy abuc`t ugnkr t`k ambepobr

w`kg kmkatrf%ebcgktda ambepdgc ds bppmdkn'

@fwkvkr- dt ds efst depfrtbgt t`bt fgmy fgk fpkrbtfr usk t`k eba`dgk bt

b tdek' Dt ds pftkgtdbmmy nbgckrfus ifr fgk pkrsfg tf dgskrt t`k wfrhpdkak bgn

`bgnmk t`k ambepobrs w`dmk bgft`kr pkrsfg fpkrbtks t`k swdta`ks "

GF_EBM OKGNDGC

Kgsurk pfwkr ds FG bt t`k pfwkr futmkt bgn t`k iumm%mkgct` ambepobr ds pfsd%

tdfgkn fg t`k eba`dgk wdt` dts mditdgc obmms rkstdgc dg t`k mfabtdgc crffvks btkba` kgn'

2' Bnjust ifr wfrhpdkak t`dahgkss oy rftbtdgc t`k kaakgtrda bnjustkrs bt kd%

t`kr kgn fi t`k ambepobr' Mdit t`k okgndgc okbe up tf t`k 4<¼ pfsdtdfgbgn a`kah t`bt dt ds pbrbmmkm tf t`k knck fi t`k ambepobr % di gkakssbry rk%bnjust t`k kaakgtrda mditkrs'(Ifr fptdeue rksumts t`k cbp oktwkkg t`k ambepobr knck bgn t`k suribakfi t`k okgndgc okbe s`fumn ok skt tf smdc`tmy crkbtkr t`bg t`k ektbm t`dah%

gkss tf ok okgt'$

?' Dgskrt t`k wfrhpdkak t`kg tdmt t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ambepobr nfwg bgn

bmdcg t`k okgn mdgk tf t`k okgndgc knck'

1' \rkss bgn `fmn t`k Q^B_^ outtfg' ^`ds bppmdks prk%ambepdgc'

>' Sdt` t`k ft`kr `bgn pumm fg t`k `bgnmk' Iumm ambepdgc ds gfw butf%ebtdabmmy bppmdkn bgn t`k Q^B_^ outtfg s`fumn gfw ok rkmkbskn' Afg%

tdguk okgndgc ugtdm t`k rkqudrkn bgcmk ds rkba`kn'

;' ^`k okgndgc okbe eby ok rkvkrskn bofut 2<¼ tf 2;¼ tf tbhk prkssurk fii t`k wfrhpdkak ifr a`kahdgc t`k okgn bgcmk' _kvkrsdgc oy efrk t`bg 2;¼

butfebtdabmmy turgs t`k eba`dgk fii bgn rkmkbsks t`k wfrhpdkak'

AB[^DFG

• ^f bvfdn t`k rdsh fi nbebcdgc t`k okgndgc knck fi t`k ambepobr fr fi

nkgtdgc t`k tfp suribak fi t`k ebcgkt ofny- nf gft put sebmm fojkats ug%

nkr t`k ambepobr' ^`k rkafeekgnkn edgdeue okgn mkgct` usdgc t`kstbgnbrn ambepobr ds 2; ee- kxakpt w`kg t`k wfrhpdkak ds vkry t`dg fr

sfit'

• ^`k ambepdgc ifrak fi t`k ebcgkt ds mkss w`kg dt ds `ft' ^`krkifrk tf ckt

t`k okst pkrifrebgak bppmy ambepdgc ifr gf mfgckr t`bg ds gkakssbry tf

nf t`k okgn'

OBQDA F\K_B^DFG



21

DGQ^_[A^DFGQ IF_ [QK

^`k pfwkr s`kbr (obskn fg t`k Ebhdtb Efnkm JQ 299<$ prfvdnks b ekbgs ifr

auttdgc s`kktektbm dg sua` b wby t`bt vkry mdttmk ndstfrtdfg ds mkit dg t`kwfrhpdkak' ^`ds ds pfssdomk okabusk t`k s`kbr rkefvks b wbstk strdp- bofut >ee wdnk- bgn efst fi t`k ndstfrtdfg dg`krkgt dg s`kbrdgc s`kktektbm cfks dgtf

t`ds wbstk strdp' Ifr usk wdt` b Ebcgbokgn t`k s`kbr `bs okkg idttkn wdt` b

spkadbm ebcgktda cudnk'

^`k s`kbr wfrhs wkmm dg afeodgbtdfg wdt` b Ebcgbokgn Q`kktektbm Ifmnkr8t`k Ebcgbokgn prfvdnks oft` b ekbgs fi `fmndgc t`k wfrhpdkak idxkn w`dmk

okdgc aut bgn bmsf b ekbgs ifr cudndgc t`k tffm sf t`bt vkry strbdc`t auttdgc ds

pfssdomk' Auts fi bgy mkgct` abg ok `bgnmkn dg stkkm up tf 2'9 ee t`dah fr

bmuedgdue up tf ? ee t`dah'

^f usk t`k tffm idrst pmbak t`k s`kktektbm wfrhpdkak ugnkr t`k ambepobr fi t`kEbcgbokgn bgn pfsdtdfg dt sf t`bt t`k auttdgc mdgk ds kxbatmy 2 ee dg irfgt fi

t`k knck fi t`k Okgndgc Okbe'

B tfccmk swdta` mbokmmkn ”GF_EBM & B[P AMBE\― wdmm ok ifugn gkxt tft`k ebdg FG&FII swdta`' Qwdta` t`ds tf t`k B[P AMBE\ pfsdtdfg tf `fmn

t`k wfrhpdkak idremy dg pfsdtdfg'

\fsdtdfg t`k s`kbr bt t`k rdc`t%`bgn kgn fi t`k Ebcgbokgn bgn kgsurk t`bt t`kebcgktda cudnk bttba`ekgt kgcbcks fg t`k irfgt knck fi t`k Okgndgc Okbe'

Qtbrt t`k pfwkr s`kbr bgn t`kg pus` dt kvkgmy bmfgc ugtdm t`k aut ds afepmktkn'

Gftks:

2' Ifr fptdeue pkrifrebgak t`k ombnk amkbrbgak s`fumn ok bnjustkn tf sudtt`k t`dahgkss fi ebtkrdbm tf ok aut' \mkbsk rkbn t`k Ebhdtb dgstruatdfgs

suppmdkn wdt` t`k JQ299< s`kbr'

?' Di t`k Q`kbr nfks gft aut irkkmy a`kah t`bt t`k ombnks brk s`brp'

\FSK_ Q@KB_ (Fptdfgbm baakssfry$

EBHD^B \FSK_ Q@KB_

DG BA^DFG

Gftk t`bt t`k wbstk strdp

aurms fut dg b afgtdgufusspdrbm mkbvdgc yfur

wfrhpdkak ndstfrtdfg%irkk'



20

EBHDGC OFPKQ ([QDGC Q@F_^ AMBE\OB_Q$

^`krk brk guekrfus wbys fi mbydgc%fut ofxks bgn guekrfus wbys fi ifmndgc

t`ke up' ^`k EBCGBOKGN ds dnkbmmy sudtkn tf ifredgc ofxks- kspkadbmmyafepmkx fgks- okabusk fi t`k vkrsbtdmdty fi usdgc s`frt ambepobrs tf ifre

ifmns rkmbtdvkmy ug`dgnkrkn oy prkvdfus ifmns'

\mbdg Ofxks

2' Ebhk t`k idrst twf okgns usdgc t`k mfgc ambepobr bs ifr gfrebm okgndgc'

?' Qkmkat fgk fr efrk fi t`k s`frtkr ambepobrs bgn pfsdtdfg bs s`fwg' (Dt dsgft gkakssbry tf ebhk up t`k kxbat mkgct` bs t`k okgn wdmm abrry fvkr cbps

fi bt mkbst ?< ee oktwkkg t`k ambepobrs'$

Ifr okgns up tf 3< ee mfgc- just skmkat t`k mbrckst ambep pdkak t`bt wdmm idt'Ifr mfgckr mkgct`s dt eby ok gkakssbry tf usk skvkrbm ambep pdkaks' Just sk%mkat t`k mfgckst ambepobr t`bt wdmm idt dg- t`kg t`k mfgckst t`bt wdmm idt dg t`k

rkebdgdgc cbp- bgn pfssdomy b t`drn fgk- t`us ebhdgc up t`k rkqudrkn mkgct`'

Ifr rkpktdtdvk okgndgc t`k ambep pdkaks eby ok pmucckn tfckt`kr tf ebhk bsdgcmk ugdt wdt` t`k rkqudrkn mkgct`' Bmtkrgbtdvkmy- di t`k ofxks `bvk s`bmmfwsdnks bgn yfu `bvk bvbdmbomk b smfttkn ambepobr- t`kg dt eby ok qudahkr tfebhk t`k ofxks dg t`k sbek ebggkr bs s`bmmfw trbys' (Qkk gkxt skatdfg:

^_BTQ$

Mdppkn ofxks

Mdppkn ofxks abg ok ebnk usdgc t`k stbgnbrn skt fi s`frt ambepobrs prfvdnkn

fgk fi t`k ndekgsdfgs ds crkbtkr t`bg t`k wdnt` fi t`k ambepobr (40 ee$'

2' [sdgc t`k iumm%mkgct` ambepobr- ifre t`k mkgct` wdsk ifmns 2- ?- 1- )>'

?' Qkmkat b s`frt ambepobr (fr pfssdomy twf fr t`rkk pmucckn tfckt`kr$ wdt` b

mkgct` bt mkbst b mdp%wdnt` s`frtkr t`bg t`k wdnt` fi t`k ofx (sf t`bt dt ebymbtkr ok rkefvkn$' Ifre ifmns ;- 9- 3 ) 0' S`dmk ifredgc t`k ifmns 9 )3- ok abrkium tf cudnk t`k afrgkr tbos kdt`kr dgsdnk fr futsdnk t`k sdnks fi

t`k ofx- bs nksdrkn'

OFPKQ '''



?<

Imbgckn Ofx wdt` Afrgkr ^bos

S`kg ebhdgc bg futsdnk imbgckn ofx wdt` afrgkr tbos bgn wdt`fut usdgc

skpbrbtk kgn pdkaks- dt ds depfrtbgt tf ifre t`k ifmns dg t`k afrrkat skqukgak'

2' \rkpbrk t`k ombgh wdt` afrgkr tbos brrbgckn bs s`fwg'

?' Bt fgk kgn fi t`k iumm%mkgct` ambepobr- ifre bmm tbo ifmns /B/ tf 4<' Dt ds

okst tf nf t`ds oy dgskrtdgc t`k tbo ugnkr t`k ambepobr'

1' Bt t`k sbek kgn fi t`k iumm%mkgct` ambepobr- ifre ifmns /O/ tf >;¼ fgmy'Nf t`ds oy dgskrtdgc t`k sdnk fi t`k ofx- rbt`kr t`bg t`k ofttfe fi t`k ofx-

ugnkr t`k ambepobr'

>' Bt t`k ft`kr kgn fi t`k iumm%mkgct` ambepobr- ifre t`k imbgck ifmns /A/ tf

4<¼'

;' [sdgc bpprfprdbtk s`frt ambepobrs- afepmktk ifmns /O/ tf 4<'9' Jfdg t`k afrgkrs'

_kekeokr t`bt ifr nkkp ofxks dt eby ok okttkr tf ebhk t`k ofx wdt` skpbrbtk

kgn pdkaks'

''' OFPKQ



?2

IF_EDGC ^_BTQ ([QDGC QMF^^KN AMBE\OB_$

^`k Qmfttkn Ambepobr- w`kg suppmdkn- ds dnkbm ifr ebhdgc s`bmmfw trbys bgn

pbgs qudahmy bgn baaurbtkmy' ^`k bnvbgtbcks fi t`k smft tkn ambepobr fvkr t`kskt fi s`frt ambepobrs ifr ebhdgc trbys brk t`bt t`k okgndgc knck ds butfebtd%abmmy bmdcgkn tf t`k rkst fi t`k eba`dgk- bgn t`k ambepobr butfebtdabmmy mdits

tf ibadmdtbtk t`k dgskrtdfg fr rkefvbm fi t`k wfrhpdkak' Gkvkr%t`k%mkss- t`ks`frt ambepobrs abg ok uskn tf ifre trbys fi ugmdedtkn nkpt`- bgn fi afursk-

brk okttkr ifr ebhdgc afepmkx s`bpks'

Dg usk- t`k smfts brk kqudvbmkgt tf cbps mkit oktwkkg t`k idgckrs fi b afgvkg%tdfgbm ofx ) pbg ifmndgc eba`dgk' ^`k wdnt` fi t`k smfts ds sua` t`bt bgy twf

smfts wdmm idt trbys fvkr b sdzk rbgck fi 2< ee- bgn t`k gueokr bgn mfabtdfgsfi t`k smfts brk sua` t`bt ifr bmm sdzks fi trby- t`krk abg bmwbys ok ifugn twf

smfts t`bt wdmm idt dt' (^`k s`frtkst bgn mfgckst trby sdzks t`k smfttkn ambepobr wdmm baafeefnbtk brk mdstkn ugnkr Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ'$

^f ifmn up b s`bmmfw trby:

2' Ifmn%up t`k idrst twf fppfsdtk sdnks bgn t`k afrgkr tbos usdgc t`k smfttkn

ambepobr out dcgfrdgc t`k prkskgak fi t`k smfts' ^`ksk smfts wdmm gft `bvk

bgy ndsakrgdomk kiikat fg t`k idgds`kn ifmns'

?' Gfw skmkat twf smfts oktwkkg w`da` tf ifmn%up t`k rkebdgdgc twf sdnks'^`ds ds batubmmy vkry kbsy bgn surprdsdgcmy qudah' Just mdgk%up t`k mkit sdnkfi t`k pbrtmy ebnk trby wdt` t`k mkitefst smft bgn skk di t`krk ds b smft ifr

t`k rdc`t sdnk tf pus` dgtf8 di gft- smdnk t`k trby bmfgc tdmm t`k mkit sdnk ds btt`k gkxt smft bgn try bcbdg' ^ypdabmmy- dt tbhks bofut > sua` trdks tf idgn

twf sudtbomk smfts'

1' Idgbmmy- wdt` t`k knck fi t`k trby ugnkr t`k ambepobr bgn oktwkkg t`k twf

a`fskg smfts- ifmn up t`k rkebdgdgc sdnks' ^`k prkvdfusmy ifrekn sdnks cf

dgtf t`k skmkatkn smfts bs t`k idgbm ifmns brk afepmktkn'

Sdt` trby mkgct`s t`bt brk gkbrmy bs mfgc bs t`k ambepobr dt eby ok gkakssbry

tf usk fgk kgn fi t`k ambepobr dg mdku fi b smft'

QMF^^KN AMBE\OB_



?>

SF_HDGC Q[_IBAKQ

Di t`k obrk wfrhdgc suribaks fi t`k eba`dgk okafek rusty- tbrgds`kn fr nbe%

bckn- t`ky eby ok rkbndmy rkafgndtdfgkn' Bgy rbdskn ourrs s`fumn ok idmkn fii imus`- bgn t`k suribaks ruookn wdt` \?<< kekry pbpkr' Idgbmmy bppmy b sprby%

fg bgtd%rust sua` bs A_A ;';9 fr _\3'

@DGCK M[O_DAB^DFG

Di t`k Ebcgbokgn^E s`kktektbm ifmnkr ds dg afgstbgt usk- t`kg crkbsk fr fdm

t`k `dgcks fgak pkr efgt`' Di t`k eba`dgk ds uskn mkss- t`kg dt eby ok muord%

abtkn mkss irkqukgtmy'

Muordabtdfg `fmks brk prfvdnkn dg t`k twf mucs fi t`k ebdg `dgck pmbtk- bgn

t`k sp`krdabm okbrdgc suribak fi t`k skatfr omfah s`fumn bmsf `bvk muordabgtbppmdkn tf dt'

BNJ[Q^K_Q

^`k bnjustkrs bt t`k kgns fi t`k ebdg ambepobr brk tf afgtrfm t`k bmmfwbgakifr t`k t`dahgkss fi t`k wfrhpdkak oktwkkg t`k okgndgc%knck bgn t`k okgndgc

okbe' ^`k bnjustkrs brk ibatfry%skt tf cdvk b t`dahgkss bmmfwbgak fi 2 ee

w`kg t`k bnjustkr dgndabtfrs /2/' ^f rkskt t`ds- prfakkn bs ifmmfws:

2' @fmn t`k okgndgc okbe bt 4<'

?' Dgskrt b sebmm pdkak fi 2 ee s`kktektbm bt kba` kgn oktwkkg t`k okgndgc%knck bgn t`k okgndgc okbe'

1' Dcgfrdgc t`k dgndabtdgc ebrhs- bnjust t`k bnjustkrs ugtdm t`k 2 ee pdkaks

brk just mdc`tmy /gdppkn/ oktwkkg t`k okgndgc%knck bgn t`k okgndgc okbe'

>' [sdgc b 1 ee Bmmkg hky- abrkiummy mffskg t`k cruo%sarkw tf irkk t`k

hgurmkn rdgc fi fgk fi t`k bnjustkrs' ^`kg rftbtk t`k rdgc tdmm t`k dgndabt%dgc smdt dgndabtks /2/' Nf t`ds wdt`fut rftbtdgc t`k dggkr ofny fi t`k bn%

justkr' ^`kg rk%tdc`tkg t`k cruo%sarkw'

;' _kskt t`k ft`kr bnjustkr dg t`k sbek ebggkr'

^`k sprdgc%mfbnkn mditdgc obmms dg t`k ugnkrsdnk fi t`k bnjustkrs eby stdah di ndrt fr rust%ifredgc efdsturk ckts dg' Di t`ds `bppkgs- rkekny dt oy prkssdgct`k obmm dg bgn fut wdt` b omugt tffm w`dmk sprbydgc dg b pkgktrbtdgc muordabgt

sua` bs A_A ;';9 fr _\3'

EBDG^KGBGAK



?;

^`k kbsdkst wby tf idx kmkatrdabm prfomkes ds tf frnkr b rkpmbakekgt kmkatrdabmefnumk irfe t`k ebguibaturkr' ^`ds ds suppmdkn fg bg kxa`bgck obsds bgn

t`krkifrk ds qudtk rkbsfgbomy prdakn' Okifrk skgndgc ifr bg kxa`bgck efnumk

yfu eby mdhk tf a`kah t`k ifmmfwdgc:

2' Eba`dgk nfks gft fpkrbtk bt bmm:

b$ A`kah t`bt pfwkr ds bvbdmbomk bt t`k eba`dgk oy foskrvdgc t`k pdmft

mdc`t dg t`k FG&FII swdta`'

o$ Di pfwkr ds bvbdmbomk out t`k eba`dgk ds stdm m nkbn out ikkms vkry `ftt`kg t`k t`krebm aut%fut eby `bvk trdppkn' Dg t`ds absk wbdt ugtdm t`k

eba`dgk affms nfwg (bofut µ bg `fur$ bgn t`kg try dt bcbdg'

a$ ^`k twf%`bgnkn stbrtdgc dgtkrmfah rkqudrks t`bt t`k Q^B_^ outtfg ds

prksskn okifrk t`k `bgnmk ds pummkn' Di t`k `bgnmk ds pummkn idrst t`kgt`k eba`dgk wdmm gft fpkrbtk' Bmsf dt eby `bppkg t`bt t`k okgndgc

okbe efvks (fr ds ouepkn$ suiidadkgtmy tf fpkrbtk t`k /bgcmk ed%arfswdta`/ okifrk t`k Q^B_^ outtfg ds prksskn' Di t`ds `bppkgs ebhksurk t`k `bgnmk ds pus`kn iummy obah idrst' Di t`ds ds b pkrsdstkgt prfomke

t`kg dt dgndabtks t`bt t`k edarfswdta` batubtfr gkkns bnjustekgt (skk

okmfw$'

n$ Bgft`kr pfssdodmdty ds t`bt t`k Q^B_^ outtfg eby ok ibumty' Di yfu`bvk b Efnkm 2?;<K fr mbrckr t`kg skk di t`k eba`dgk abg ok stbrtkn

wdt` fgk fi t`k bmtkrgbtdvk Q^B_^ outtfgs fr t`k ifftswdta`'

k$ Bmsf a`kah t`k afggkatfr w`da` afggkats t`k kmkatrdabm efnumk wdt` t`k

ebcgkt afdm'

i$ Di ambepdgc nfks gft fpkrbtk out t`k ambepobr sgbps nfwg fg rkmkbsk fi

t`k Q^B_^ outtfg t`kg t`ds dgndabtks t`bt t`k 2; edarfibrbn (2< »I fg

t`k 9;<K$ abpbadtfr ds ibumty bgn wdmm gkkn tf ok rkpmbakn'

c$ Di t`k eba`dgk omfws kxtkrgbm iusks fr trdps adraudt orkbhkrs w`kg fpkr%

btkn t`kg t`k efst mdhkmy abusk ds b omfwg ordnck%rkatdidkr'

?' Mdc`t ambepdgc fpkrbtks out iumm ambepdgc nfks gft:

b$ A`kah t`bt t`k /Bgcmk Edarfswtda`/ ds okdgc batubtkn afrrkatmy'X^`ds swdta` ds fpkrbtkn oy b squbrk orbss pdkak w`da` ds bttba`kn tft`k bgcmk dgndabtdgc eka`bgdse' S`kg t`k `bgnmk ds pummkn t`k okgndgc

okbe rftbtks w`da` depbrts b rftbtdfg tf t`k orbss batubtfr' ^`k ba%tubtfr dg turg fpkrbtks b edarfswdta` dgsdnk t`k kmkatrdabm bsskeomy'U\umm t`k `bgnmk fut bgn dg' Tfu s`fumn ok bomk tf `kbr t`k edarfswdta`

amdahdgc FG bgn FII (prfvdnkn t`krk ds gft tff eua` obahcrfugn

gfdsk$'Di t`k swdta` nfks gft amdah FG bgn FII t`kg swdgc t`k okgndgc okbe

rdc`t up sf t`bt t`k orbss batubtfr abg ok foskrvkn ' _ftbtk t`k okgndgc okbe up bgn nfwg' ^`k batubtfr s`fumn rftbtk dg rkspfgsk tf t`k okgn%

dgc okbe (ugtdm dt amuta`ks bt dts stfps$' Di dt nfks gft t`kg dt eby gkknefrk amuta`dgc ifrak' Fg t`k 2?;<K mbah fi amuta`dgc ifrak usubmmyrkmbtks tf t`k twf E0 abp%`kbn sarkws bt kdt`kr kgn fi t`k batubtfr

^_F[OMK Q@FF^DGC'''



?3

AD_A[D^ NDBC_BEQ



?4

Efnkm Gf' VVVVVVVVVVV Qkrdbm Gf' VVVVVVVVVVV Nbtk \ura`bskn VVVVVVVVVV

Nkbmkr—s Gbek ) Bnnrkss:

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Austfekr#s Gbek ) Bnnrkss:




VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV Tfur bgswkrs tf t`k ifmmfwdgc qukstdfgs wfumn ok bpprkadbtkn:

(\mkbsk ugnkrmdgk t`k bpprfprdbtk wfrn fr wfrns$

@fw ndn yfu mkbrg fi t`k Ebcgbokgn 6

^rbnk Ibdr- Bnvkrtdskekgt- Bt b Qa`ffm fr Afmmkck- Ft`kr VVVVVVVVVVVVV

S`da` ds yfur abtkcfry fi usk6

Qa`ffm- ^ka`gdabm Afmmkck- [gdvkrsdty- \mueokr- Ebdgtkgbgak wfrhs`fp-Butfeftdvk rkpbdr- Kmkatrfgdas wfrhs`fp- _kskbra` suppfrt wfrhs`fp-

\rfnuatdfg wfrhs`fp- Q`kktektbm s`fp- Jfoodgc wfrhs`fp-Ft`kr VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

S`bt typk fi ektbm wdmm yfu usubmmy okgn6

Edmn Qtkkm- Bmuedgdue- Qtbdgmkss Qtkkm- Afppkr- Zdga- Orbss

Ft`kr VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

S`bt t`dahgkss#6

<'9 ee fr mkss- <'0 ee' 2'< ee- 2'? ee- 2'9 ee

Afeekgts:(Kc : Nfks t`k eba`dgk nf w`bt yfu kxpkatkn6$

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV





Bitkr afepmktdgc- pmkbsk pfst t`ds ifre tf t`k bnnrkss fg pbck 2'

SB__BG^T _KCDQ^_B^DFG



1?

KMKA^_FEBCG

EBCGBO

EFNKMQ

Afgtkgts

DG^_FN[A DFG ''''''''''''''BQQKEOMT ''''''''''''''''''''' ''Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ'''''''''''''

DGQ\KA^DFG Q@KK^'''''''

[QDGC ^@K EBCGBOKGF\K_B^DFG''''''''''''''''[QDGC OBAHQ^F\Q''

IFMNKN MD\ (@KE$'''_FMMKN KNCK''''''''''EBHDGC B ^KQ^ \DK

OFPKQ (Q@F_^ AMBE^_BTQ (QMF^^KN AM

\FSK_ Q@KB_ BAAK

BAA[_BAT'''''''''''''''''''' ''

EBDG^KGBGAK '''''''''''''''^_F[OMK Q@FF^DGC''''AD_A[D^ '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''SB__BG^T ''''''''''''''''''' ''

SB__BG^T _KCDQ^_B^

EBCGK^

1? Orfw^b

\`fgIbx

Qugn



?

Efnkm Gf' VVVVVVVVVVV Qkrdbm G

Nkbmkr—s Gbek ) Bnnrkss:

VVVV

VVVV

VVVV

Austfekr#s Gbek ) Bnnrkss: VVVV

VVVV

VVVV

VVVV

Tfur bgswkrs tf t`k ifmmfwdgc q

(\mkbsk ugnkrmdgk t`k bpprfprd

@fw ndn yfu mkbrg fi t`k Ebcgbo

^rbnk Ibdr- Bnvkrtdskekgt- Bt

S`da` ds yfur abtkcfry fi usk6

Qa`ffm- ^ka`gdabm Afmmkck- [gdvButfeftdvk rkpbdr- Kmkatrfgdas w\rfnuatdfg wfrhs`fp- Q`kktekt

Ft`kr VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

S`bt typk fi ektbm wdmm yfu usubmm

Edmn Qtkkm- Bmuedgdue- Qtbdgmks

Ft`kr VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

S`bt t`dahgkss#6

<'9 ee fr mkss- <'0 ee' 2'< e

Afeekgts:

(Kc' : Nfks t`k eba`dgk nf w`bt

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV



Bitkr afepmktdgc- pmkbsk pfst t`

SB__B



?0

AD_A[D^ ''' '

(^`ksk sarkws eby ok bmrkbn

t`k baakss pbgkm'

29' Ofmt t`k eba`dgk tf t`k imff

(suppmdkn$' [sdgc b 2? ee enkkp- t`rfuc` t`k `fmks dg t`bgn tdc`tkg t`k guts' Gftk: D

okgndgc fgm y (up tf 2 ee$ t`

imffr- `fwkvkr ifr `kbvy okg23' _kefvk t`k amkbr prftkatdvk

bgn irfe t`k ugnkrsdnk fi t`k

turps fr pktrfm (cbsfmdgk$'

20' \mbak t`k ambepobr fg t`k obifrwbrn tf kgcbck t`k `kbns

mditdgc eka`bgdse oy pus`dgc

t`kg rkmkbsk ifrwbrns'

24' Tfur EBCGBOKGN ds rkbny

Dgstruatdfgs'



9

GFEDGBM AB\BAD^T Eba`dgk Skdc`t

Efnkm ?<<<K: ?<<< ee x 2'9 ee (9µit x 29c$ ?3< hc

Efnkm ?;<<K: ?;<< ee x 2'9 ee (0it x 29c$ 12; hc

Efnkm 1?<<K: 1?<< ee x 2'? ee (2<µit x 20c$ 10< hc

AMBE\DGC IF_AK

^ftbm ifrak wdt` stbgnbrn iumm%mkgct` ambep%obr:Efnkm ?<<<K: 4 ^fggk

Efnkm ?;<<K: 2? ^fggk

Efnkm 1?<<K: 2? ^fggk

KMKA^_DABM

2 \`bsk- ??<&?>< Y BA

Aurrkgt:

Efnkm ?<<<K: 2? Bep

Efnkm ?;<<K: 29 Bep

Efnkm 1?<<K: 29 Bep

Nuty Ayamk: 1<+

\rftkatdfg: ^`krebm aut%fut- 3<¼AAfgtrfm: Qtbrt outtfg '''prk%ambepdgc ifrak

Okgndgc okbe edarfswdta`'''iumm ambepdgc

Dgtkrmfah'''t`k stbrt outtfg bgn t`k okgndgc okbe eust ok fpkr%btkn dg afrrkat fvkrmbppdgc skqukgak tf dgdtdbtk iumm%ambepdgc ifrak'

@DGCKQ

Qpkadbm akgtkrmkss nksdcg tf prfvdnk b afepmktkmy fpkg%kgnkn eba`dgk'

_ftbtdfg bgcmk: 20<¼

OKGNDGC NDEKGQDFGQ

Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ '''

_kikr tf A`brt

24ee 24ee (edg$

% 40ee (edg$ Qtbgnbrn Ambepobr

% >4ee (edg$ Gbrrfw Ambepobr

24ee (edg$

[gmdedtkn

''' ^_F



?>

SF_HDGC Q[_IBAKQ

Di t`k obrk wfrhdgc suribaks fi t`k eba`dgk okafek rusty- tbrgds`kn fr nbe%bckn- t`ky eby ok rkbndmy rkafgndtdfgkn' Bgy rbdskn ourrs s`fumn ok idmkn fii

imus`- bgn t`k suribaks ruookn wdt` \?<< kekry pbpkr' Idgbmmy bppmy b sprby%

fg bgtd%rust sua` bs A_A ;';9 fr _\3'

@DGCK M[O_DAB^DFG

Di t`k Ebcgbokgn^E s`kktektbm ifmnkr ds dg afgstbgt usk- t`kg crkbsk fr fdm

t`k `dgcks fgak pkr efgt`' Di t`k eba`dgk ds uskn mkss- t`kg dt eby ok muord%

abtkn mkss irkqukgtmy'

Muordabtdfg `fmks brk prfvdnkn dg t`k twf mucs fi t`k ebdg `dgck pmbtk- bgnt`k sp`krdabm okbrdgc suribak fi t`k skatfr omfah s`fumn bmsf `bvk muordabgt

bppmdkn tf dt'

BNJ[Q^K_Q

^`k bnjustkr sarkws bt t`k kgns fi t`k ebdg ambepobr brk tf afgtrfm t`k bmmfw%bgak ifr t`k t`dahgkss fi t`k wfrhpdkak oktwkkg t`k okgndgc%knck bgn t`k

okgndgc okbe'

Gftk t`bt t`k `kbns ifr t`k sarkws brk ndvdnkn dgt f 1 oy fgk- twf bgn t`rkkakgtrk pfp ebrhs' ^`ksk ebrhs brk b uskium rkikrkgak ifr rkpkbt skttdgcs fi t`k ambepobr' Di t`k bnjustkr sarkws brk oft` skt sf t`bt t`k sdgcmk pfp ebrh

ds uppkrefst t`kg t`k okgndgc cbp wdmm ok bpprfxdebtkmy 2 ee'

EBDG^KGBGAK ''' Q

I_FG^ ) Q

EFNKM 1?<<K



2>

IFMNDGC B MD\ (@KE$

^`k tka`gdquk uskn ifr ifmndgc mdps nkpkgns fg t`k wfrhpdkak t`dahgkss bgn

tf sfek kxtkgt- fg dts m kgct` bgn orkbnt`'

^`dg Sfrhpdkaks (up tf <'0 ee$

2' \rfakkn bs ifr gfrebm okgndgc out afgtdguk t`k okgn bs ibr bs pfssdomk

(21;¼$'

?' _kefvk t`k ambepobr bgn mkbvk t`k wfrhpdkak fg t`k eba`dgk out efvk dtrkbrwbrns bofut 2< ee' Gfw swdgc t`k okgndgc okbe fvkr tf afeprksst`k mdp' (Ambepdgc gkkn gft ok bppmdkn$' XGftk: Nf gft bttkept tf ifre

gbrrfw mdps fg t`dah wfrhpdkaksU'

1' Sdt` t`dg wfrhpdkaks- bgn&fr w`krk t`k mdp ds gft tff gbrrfw- b efrk afe% pmktk i mbttkgdgc abg ok ba`dkvkn oy ifm mfwdgc wdt` ebcgktda ambepdgc

fgmy:

IFMNKN MD\

Ofxks wdt` skpbrbtk kgns

B ofx ebnk wdt` skpbrbtk kgns `

% dt sbvks ebtkrdbm di t`k o

% dt nfks gft r kqudrk afrgk% bmm auttdgc%fut abg ok nf

% bmm ifmndgc abg ok nfgk

bgn sfek nrbwobahs:

% efrk ifmns eust ok ifre

% efrk afrgkrs eust ok jf

% efrk ektbm kncks bgn ib

Ebhdgc t`ds hdgn fi ofx ds strbd

ok uskn ifr bmm ifmns'

2' \rkpbrk t`k ombghs bs s`fwg

?' Idrst ifre t`k ifur ifmns dg t`

1' Gkxt- ifre t`k > imbgcks fg k

t`k gbrrfw imbgck fi t`k kgn

>' Jfdg t`k ofx tfckt`kr'

Imbgckn ofxks wdt` pmbdg afrgkrs

\mbdg afrgkrkn ofxks wdt` futsdwdnt` brk crkbtkr t`bt t`k ambefutsdnk imbgcks ds rkmbtkn tf eb

mbtkr skatdfg % skk Afgtkgts$'>' \rkpbrk t`k ombgh'

;' [sdgc t`k iumm%mkgct` ambepo

9' Dgskrt t`k imbgck ugnkr t`k am

3' [sdgc



29

DGQ^_[A^DFGQ IF_ IF_EDGC ^KQ^ \DKAK

Dg frnkr tf cbdg ibedmdbrdty wdt` yfur eba`dgk bgn t`k typk fi fpkrbtdfgs t`btabg ok pkrifrekn wdt` dt- dt ds rkafeekgnkn t`bt b tkst%pdkak ok ifrekn bs

nksardokn okmfw:

2' Qkmkat b pdkak fi <'0 ee t`dah edmn stkkm fr bmuedgdue s`kkt bgn aut dt tf

1?< x ?<< ee'

?' Ebrh mdgks fg t`k s`kkt bs s`fwg okmfw:

1' Bmdcg Okgn 2 bgn ifre b mdp fg t`k knck fi t`k wfrhpdkak' (Qkk

/IFMNKN MD\/$

>' ^urg t`k tkst pdkak fvkr bgn smdnk dt ugnkr t`k ambepobr- mkbvdgc t`k ifmnknknck tfwbrns yfu' ^dmt t`k ambepobr ifrwbrn bgn mdgk up Okgn ?' Ebhk

t`ds okgn tf 4<¼' ^`k tkst pdkak s`fumn gfw mffh mdhk t`ds:

^KQ^ \DKAK '''

?<<

0

>;

4; 223

24<

11;

Okgn ?

Okgn > 4<¼

Okgn 1 4<¼

Okgn 2 20<¼

^`ds skatdfg tf ok rfmmkn brfugn Ð?;eerfugn obr

4<¼ rkvkrsk okgn (ebrh t`ds mdgk fg t`krkvkrsk sdnk fi t`k s`kkt$

Okgn ; 4<¼

;' ^urg tkst pdkak fvkr bgn ebh

9' ^f afepmktk t`k s`bpk- t`k rk

ndbektkr rfugn obr fi stkkm'

• Qkmkat t`k ?0< ee ambep

obr fg t`k eba`dgk bs s`f

ebgubm'

•@fmn t`k rfugn obr dg pfsambepdgc oy prkssdgc bgn`bgn' Gfw usk yfur rdc`

frndgbry okgn (t`k Q^B_wfrhpdkak bs ibr bs pfssd

s`fwg ugnkr ”Ifredgc b ugtdm t`k rfmm ds amfskn'

^`k tkst s`bpk ds gfw afepmktk'

'



EBCGBOKGNGF' EOO >202 ) >20?

KMKA^_FEBCGK^DA OKGNDGC O_BHK

F\K_B^DFGQ EBG[BM ) \B_^Q MDQ^

Skosdtk: www'rfpkrw dtgky'afe * Kebdm: dgifLrfpkrw dtgky'afe

?011 @[IIEBG OMYN'- _FAHIF_N- DMMDGFDQ 922<1%144< * 02;&49?%1<22 * IBP 02;&49?%???3

_F\K_ S@D^GKT FI _FAHIF_N- DGA'



EBCGBOKGN

GF' EOO >202 ) >20?

^`k EOO>202 ds b okgndgc orbhk t bt kepmfys bg kmkatrfebcgktda systke ifr ambepdgc s kkt ektbm ifrt k okgndgc prfakss' Dt afeks afepmktk wdt fgk iumm mkgct bgn tkg s frtkr hkkpkrs fi vbrydgc mkgct s tfbaafeefnbtk b iumm rbgck fi wdnt rkqudrkekgts'

Q\KADIDAB^DFGQ

Abpbadty 20 cb' edmn stkkmOkgndgc Sdnt >4 dga`ksSkdc t ?3; pfugnsKmkatrdabm 22;Y- 2\@- 9< @Z (EOO>202$

?1<Y- 2\@- 9<@Z (EOO>20?$

SB_GDGC

EKA@BGDABM NBGCK_:Hkkp bgns bgn idgckrs amkbr fi ambepdgc hkkpkrs bt bmm tdeks' Edsusk fr deprfpkr bgnmdgc fi t kokgndgc orbhk eby rksumt dg baadnkgtbm pdga dgc t bt afumn abusk dgjury tf fr mfss fi idgckrs'

KMKA^_DABM NBGCK_:Edsusk fr deprfpkr dgstbmmbtdfg fi okgndgc orbhk afggkatkn tf b sfurak fi kmkatrdadty eby rksumt dgbaadnkgtbm s fah t bt afumn abusk dgjury fr nkbt ' \fwkr afrn dgstbmmbtdfg eust ok crfugnkn'

QK^%[\ DGQ^_[A^DFGQ

(Qkk Idcurk 3$

2' Bttba ifur mkcs (Dtkes 24 ) ?<$ tf afmueg (Dtke 20$- usdgc kdc t 1&0%29 x 1&> sfahkt kbn abpsarkws (Dtke ?2$' Sdt bpprfxdebtkmy ;&29― amkbrbgak oktwkkg t k orbhk bgn t k stdiikgdgc pmbtk-cudnk t k twf sarkws nfwg dgtf t k smfts' Mkvkm t k orbhk suo%bsskeomy bgn tdc tkg sarkws'

?' Qkt orbhk suo%bsskeomy (Dtke 2$ dgtf smfts dg tfp fi afmueg- usdgc twf 1&0%29 x 1&> sfahkt kbn abpsarkws (Dtke ?2$ bgn stdiikgdgc pmbtk (Dtke ??$'

1' \mbak bgcmk dgndabtfr rfn (Dtke 2?$ bgn afmmbr (Dtke ?3$ fvkr bgnmk (Dtke 0$ bgn bttba bgnmk tfugnkrsdnk fi okgndgc okbe- usdgc twf ;&29%20 x ;&0 sfahkt kbn abp sarkws (Dtke 2<$'

>' Bttba bga`fr omfah (Dtke 21- bttba`kn tf bgcmk dgndabtfr rfn$ tf ebcgktda obsk wdt twf !2<%?> x;&0 sfahkt kbn abp sarkws (Dtke 2>$' Ok surk t bt orbss batubtfr ds bsskeomknbofvk

edarfswdta mkvkr dg ebcgktda obsk'

;' Bttba trbys (Dtkes ?1 ) ?>$ tf rkbr fi afmueg wdt twf 2&>%?< x 2&? rfugn kbn eba dgk sarkws(Dtke ?;$' Gbrrfw trby ds pfsdtdfgkn tf irfgt- fvkr tfp fi afmueg'

9' Bttba cbuck obrs (Dtke ?9$ tf rkbr fi ebcgktda obsk- bgn bnn afmmbrs bgn t ueosarkws (Dtkes ?3 )?0$'

% ? %



EBCGBOKGN

GF' EOO >202 ) >20?

QK^%[\ DGQ^_[A^DFGQ

(Afgtdgukn$

3' Ibstkg mkcs skaurkmy tf imffr wdt bpprfprdbtk sarkws- fr usk fptdfgbm ifft pmbtk bsskeomy'

0' Ifr Efnkm EOO>202- afggkat pfwkr afrn tf 22; vfmt crfugnkn futmkt' Ifr Efnkm EOO>20?- ordgc?1<Y- 2 p`bsk- 9< @Z mdgk tf qudah ndsafggkat ofx efugtkn fg rkbr fi orbhk afmueg'

4' S`kg rkqudrkn tf efvk t k bsskeomkn okgndgc orbhk (?3; mo' wkdc t$- prfpkr mditdgc s`bmm ok wdt bgfvkr kbn fr pfrtbomk arbgk- bgn usdgc b mditdgc smdgc pmbakn skaurkmy bofut t k ebcgkt okgndgc tbomkbgn stbgn'

Nf gft bttkept tf smdnk t k okgndgc orbhk barfss t k imffr- okabusk tdppdgc eby rksumt dg baadnkgtbmnbebck tf t k orbhk- fr abusk pkrsfgbm dgjury'

F\K_B^DGC DGQ^_[A^DFGQ

Q^_BDC@^ OKGNDGC:

2' Ok surk ebdg pfwkr ds turgkn fg- bgn t k obmm nktkgts fg t k ugnkrsdnk fi t k iumm mkgct hkkpkr brkprfpkrmy mfabtkn dg t k bgcmkn crffvks dg t k ebcgktda obsk'

?' Dgskrt t k wfrhpdkak ugnkr t k hkkpkr' dmt t k hkkpkr ifrwbrn bgn bmdcg yfur okgn wdt dts irfgtknck'

1' Nkprkss bgn fmn t k sbikty outtfg tf bppmy b mdc t ambepdgc ifrak'

>' Okcdg okgndgc oy mditdgc t k bgnmk' Iumm ambepdgc wdmm faaur bgn t k sbikty outtfg abg gfw okrkmkbskn' Afgtdguk okgndgc ugtdm t k nksdrkn bgcmk ds rkba`kn' ^`k bgcmk cbuck fg t k bgnmkdgndabtks t k bgcmk oktwkkg t k okgndgc okbe bgn t k ebcgktda obsk' ^`k bnjustbomk afmmbrprfvdnks b stfp ifr rkpkbt fpkrbtdfgs'

;' Mfwkr t k bgnmk tf swdta fii t k ebcgkt bgn rkefvk t k wfrhpdkak'

MD\ F_ @KE:

2' \rfakkn bs wdt Qtrbdc t Okgndgc- out afgtdguk okgn bs ibr bs okgndgc okbe wdmm cf (bpprfxdebtkmy2?<¼$'

?' _kpfsdtdfg t k hkkpkr bgn wfrhpdkak bs s`fwgdg Idcurk 2'\rkss t k sbikty outtfg bgn swdgc t k okbe fvkr tf pbrtdbmmyimbttkg t k mdp'

IDC[_K 2

% 1 %



EBCGBOKGN

GF' EOO >202 ) >20?

F\K_B^DGC DGQ^_[A^DFGQ

(Afgtdgukn$

1' Iummy imbttkg mdp oy usdgc ebcgktda ambepdgc fgmy' \fsdtdfg wfrhpdkakbs s`fwg dg Idcurk ?' \rkss sbikty outtfg bgn mdit bgnmk smdc tmy'

>' Mfwkr bgnmk bgn rkefvk wfrhpdkak'

OFP OKGNDGC:

2' Qtbrtdgc wdt b gfta`kn ombgh- ebhk t k idrst twf okgns usdgc t k iummmkgct hkkpkr bs dg strbdc t okgndgc'

?' Qkmkat fgk fr efrk fi t k s`frtkr hkkpkrs bgn pfsdtdfg t ke bss`fwg dg Idcurk 1' Dt ds gft gkakssbry tf ebhk bg kxbat mkgct sdgak

t k okgn wdmm abrry fvkr up tf 2― oktwkkg hkkpkrs- nkpkgndgc fg t ktypk bgn t dahgkss fi ebtkrdbm okdgc okgt'

\B_^DBM OKGNQ:

2' ^`k fpkg kgn nksdcg fi t k EBCGBOKGN bmmfws pbrtdbm okgndgc'

?' \fsdtdfg t k pfrtdfg fi t k wfrhpdkak tf ok okgtugnkr b hkkpkrbt t k kgn fi t k ebcgktda obsk' Bmmfw pfrtdfg tf ok mkit imbt tfkxtkgn okyfgn t k kgn' (Idcurk >$

1' \rfakkn bs wdt strbdc t okgndgc'

_FMMKN KNCKQ:

2' _fmmkn kncks fi vbrdfus ndbektkrs eby ok ifrekn- usdgcbgy edmn stkkm rfugn obr'

?' \fsdtdfg t k wfrhpdkak- hkkpkr bgn obr bs s`fwg dg Idcurk ;'Ok surk t bt hkkpkr nfks gft fvkrmbp irfgt pfmk pdkak' \fsdtdfgt k mkbndgc knck fi t k wfrhpdkak bs gkbrmy ugnkr t k akgtkr fi

t k obr bs pfssdomk- tf fotbdg b edgdeue imbt skatdfg dg t k idgds`kn rfmm'

1' Srbp t k wfrhpdkak brfugn t k obr wdt t k okgndgc okbe bs dgstrbdc t okgndgc' _kpfsdtdfg t k wfrhpdkak bs s`fwg dg Idcurk 9 bgnafgtdguk tf wrbp ugtdm t k nksdrkn rfmm ds rkba`kn' ^`k gueokr fi wrbppdgc fpkrbtdfgs wdmm vbry wdt t k ndbektkr fi t k obr bgn t kebtkrdbm okdgc okgt'

IDC[_K ?

IDC[_K 1

IDC[_K >

IDC[_K ;

IDC[_K 9

% > %



EOO >202

QBIK^T _[MKQ

2' SB_GDGC: Kmkatrdabm nbgckr %% edsusk fr deprfpkr dgstbmmbtdfg fi okgndgc orbhk afggkatkn tf bsfurak fi kmkatrdadty eby rksumt dg baadnkgtbm s fah t bt afumn abusk dgjury fr nkbt ' \fwkr afrndgstbmmbtdfg eust ok crfugnkn'

?'SB_GDGC:

Eka`bgdabm nbgckr %% hkkp bgns bgn idgckrs amkbr fi ambepdgc hkkpkrs bt bmm tdeks'Edsusk fr deprfpkr bgnmdgc fi t k okgndgc orbhk eby rksumt dg baadnkgtbm pdga dgc t bt afumn abuskdgjury tf fr mfss fi idgckrs'

1' Nf gft fpkrbtk okgndgc orbhk wdt fut rkbndgc Fpkrbtfr—s Ebgubm bgn wdt fut prfpkr supkrvdsfrydgstruatdfgs'

>' Okgndgc orbhk ds b fgk pkrsfg eba dgk bgn eust ok fpkrbtkn oy qubmdidkn but frdzkn pkrsfggkm'

;' ^`k ebcgktda okgndgc obsk ds dgtkgnkn fgmy ifr okgndgc s`kkt ektbm t rfuc t k hkkpkr ambeps'Bgy ft kr usk eby skrdfusmy nbebck t k ebcgktda suribaks- fr abusk pkrsfgbm dgjury'

9' Ifr kbvy nuty okgndgc- t k efugtdgc mkcs s`fumn ok bttba`kn tf t k imffr wdt 2&?― x 2 2&>― sarkws'Di t k okgndgc orbhk ds tf ok pfrtbomk- t k fptdfgbm ifft pmbtifre hdt !?;9<0<<<> s fumn ok uskn ifrbnndtdfgbm stbodmdty'

3' Nf gft pmbak bgy ifrkdcg fojkats oktwkkg ambepdgc hkkpkr bgn ebcgktda wfrh obsk'

0' S`kg usdgc s`frt ambepdgc hkkpkrs- nf gft stfrk iumm%mkgct ambepdgc hkkpkr fg bgy struaturbm pbrt fi t k okgndgc orbhk' ^ ds bmsf bppmdks tf bgy ifrkdcg fojkats'

4' Nf gft amuttkr hkkpkr trby wdt tffms- okgt pbrts- fr sarbp s`kkt ektbm' Fgmy stfrk hkkpkrs dg t k trby'

2<' Nf gft pmbak fr fmn bgy ifrkdcg stkkm obrs fr pmbtks wdt dg t k hkkpkr brkb fr bttkept tf rkpfsdtdfgbgy hkkpkr w dmk t k ebcgkt ds swdta`kn fg' Ibdmurk tf afepmy eby skrdfusmy nbebck t k ebcgktdasuribaks fr abusk pkrsfgbm dgjury'

22' \rfpkr bgnmdgc prfaknurks brk rkqudrkn ifr mbrck s`kkt ektbm mkgct s- bs t ky eby okafekbwhwbrn tf bgnmk w`kg t k ebcgkt ds swdta`kn fii (upfg mfwkrdgc t k okgndgc okbe$'

2?' Nf gft usk okgndgc orbhk di skrvdadgc ds rkqudrkn'

21' S`kg gft dg usk- turg fii kmkatrdabm pfwkr'

_KEKEOK_"

^`k s bpks tf ok okgt fg EBCGBOKGN brk rkbmmy fgmy mdedtkn oy t k debcdgbtdfg' Bs yfu okafek efrkibedmdbr wdt dts fpkrbtdfg- yfu wdmm ndsafvkr ebgy pfssdodmdtdks okyfgn t k abpbodmdty fi bgy afgvkgtdfgbmokgndgc orbhk'

% ; %



G F ' E O O

> 2 0 2 )

> 2 0 ?

\

B _ ^ Q A @ B _ ^



GF' EOO >202 ) >20?

\B_^Q MDQ^

D^KE \B_^ GF' \B_^ GBEK R^T'

2 ?;921<<<1 Orbhk Quo Bsskeomy- Ebcgktda 2? ?;9<0<<<2 @dgck Bsskeomy 11 3;921<>>3 Omfah- @dgck 1> 3;929<>3< \dg- @dgck 1; 3;9?9<>32 Sdrk- _ktbdgkr 19 3;9<?<>>? Okbe- Okgndgc 23 3;9<?<>>1 Okbe- Kxtkgsdfg 20 3;9>9<>>; @bgnmk 24 9111;911; Crdp- \mbstda 22< 922<2?21< Qarkw- Q@A ;&29%20 x ;&0 ?22 9;9<<<203 Qabmk- Bgcmk 22? 3;9<1<>>0 _fn- Bgcmk Dgndabtfr 221 3;921<>>4 Omfah- Bga`fr 2

2> 922<2?<;1 Qarkw- Q@A !2<%?> x ;&0 ?2; 3;9<1<>;< Batubtfr- Edarfswdta` 229 9;91>92>9 Gbekpmbtk 223 9;91>92>3 Gbekpmbtk- Sbrgdgc 220 3;9<9<>;2 Afmueg 224 3;92><>;? Mkc- _'@' ??< 3;92><>;1 Mkc- M'@' ??2 922<2?231 Qarkw- Q@A 1&0%29 x 1&> 2<?? 3;9<9<>;> \mbtk- Qtdiikgdgc 2?1 3;9>><>;; ^rby- Irfgt 2?> 3;9>><>;9 ^rby- _kbr 2

?; 9<4<2?<09 Qarkw- _@E 2&>%?< x 2&? 2?9 3;9<1<>>> Obr- Cbuck ??3 3;9?9<>>9 Afmmbr 1?0 9>2<2?9?0 Qarkw- ^`ueo 1?4 ?;921<<<? Afvkr Bsskeomy- Kmkatrdabm 21< 99<<0?<1> Qwdta - Qbikty 212* 99<2;?992 ) 99<2;?99? Dsfmbtfr Qwdta` ) @kbtkr 2 kb'

*( `ksk twf pbrts gkkn tf ok frnkrkn tfckt kr$1? ?;944<<>0 Qwdta - Edarf 211 ?;9<0<<<; Hkkpkr- Iumm Mkgct 2

1> 3;919<>1? Hkkpkr- @bmi 21; 3;919<>11 Hkkpkr- > 1&>― 219 3;919<>1> Hkkpkr- 1 1&>― 213 3;919<>1; Hkkpkr- ? 1&>― 210 3;919<>19 Hkkpkr- 2 3&0― 214 3;919<>13 Hkkpkr- 2 1&0― 2>< 3;919<>10 Hkkpkr- 2― 2>2 3;919<>14 Hkkpkr- 1&>― 2>? 3;919<>>< Hkkpkr- 9― 2>1 3;919<>>2 Hkkpkr- 2?― 2

% 3 %



EBCGK^DA O_BHK Q[O BQQKEOMT

(\B_^ B$

(\B_^ !?;921<<<1$

EBCGK^DA O_BHK Q[O BQQKEOMT

\B_^Q O ) A AFG^DG[KN FG \BCKQ 4%2<'

% 0 %



EBCGK^DA O_BHK Q[O BQQKEOMT GF^KQ

\B_^ A

(\B_^ !?;921<<<1$

Okifrk afggkatdgc afdm tf rkatdidkr- d%pft tkst afdm oktwkkg stkkm pbrts bgn afdm mkbn wdrks' `krks bmm ok gf aurrkgt mkbhbck wdt 2;<< vfmts B'A' ifr 2 skafgn8 gftk t bt fgmy twf tksts brkpkredssdomk pkr bsskeomy'

Bmue' afvkr strdp eust gft kxtkgn bofvk stkkm pfmks'

Edarf swdta s bmm ok turgkn fg wdt dg 1¼ okbe efvkekgt w`kg mditkn irfe t k nfwg pfsdtdfg'[pfg mfwkrdgc t k okbe irfe t k 4<¼ pfsdtdfg t k edarf swdta s bmm turg fii wdt dg 2;¼ okbeefvkekgt' Bnjustekgts ebnk wdt gftkn pbrt'

Gftkn bgnmk ds dgstbmmkn fgmy ifr tkstdgc t k orbhk bgn skttdgc t k bgcumbr sabmk' S`kg efvdgcokbe up tf 20<¼ bgn rkturgdgc tf <¼ pfsdtdfg t krk s bmm ok gf odgndgc fr okbe edsbmdcgekgtt rfuc dgcks'

Gftkn suribaks irkk fi omuk pbdgt' _kebdgnkr fi orbhk pbdgt omuk !;2%;%<23'

kstdgc prfaknurk:B' \mbak iumm mkgct hkkpkr (pbdgtkn$ fg t k orbhk ebcgktda suribak' Sdt 22; vfmts B'A' swdta`

pfwkr fg bgn a`kah pdmft mdc t dgndabtdfg'

O' \rkss t k sbikty outtfg tf bppmy mdc t ambepdgc' ^`k hkkpkr s`fumn pumm nfwg' Di gft- t kga`kah ifr ifrkdcg ebttkr ugnkr hkkpkr- mditdgc nktkgt stdahdgc- kxakssdvk ofw dg hkkpkr- gfgimbt ebcgktda suribak- kta'

A' ^urg fg ebdg ebcgktda idkmn oy prkssdgc sbikty outtfg bgn smdc tmy pummdgc okbe bgnmk

okyfgn 1¼ efvkekgt' Ekbsurk t k aurrkgt nrbw' Q`fumn ok 2? beps 2<+ out wdmmnkarkbsk bs afdm kbts up' Mkbvk t k aurrkgt fg ugtdm t k t krebm fvkrmfbn trdps' ^`bt tbhks2 tf 1 edgutks'

N' Ebhk b iumm mkgct okgn wdt 20 cbck edmn stkkm bgn ebhk surk hkkpkr nfks gft pfp fii bgnokgn ds strbdc t wdt b ugdifre okgn bgcmk' Okgn rbndus s`bmm gft kxakkn ;&1?―'

K' Idmm fut dgspkatdfg s`kkt tf ok sdcgkn oy ifrkebg'

Gftkn pbrts eust ok bsskeomkn tf dgck bsskeomy okifrk dgstbmmdgc fg okgndgc orbhk'

\rkss pdg imus wdt tfp suribak fi dgck pmbtk' Crkbsk pdg gfsk'

Gftkn suribaks irkk fi ykmmfw pbdgt' _kebdgnkr fi hkkpkr pbdgt ykmmfw !;2%>%?14'

\rkss imus wdt tfp suribak fi hkkpkr'

Kgsurk t bt ebtdgc (sp`krdabm rbndus$ suribaks fi dgck omfah bgn pdg brk dg idre afgtbatt rfuc fut kgtdrk trbvkm' Di gkakssbry imbttkg sprdgc wdt puga '

% 2< %

2

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1

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;

9

3

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22



E B C G B O K

G N

K M K A ^ _ D A B M

Q A @

K E B ^ D A



Skosdtk mdgh tf t`ds nfauekgt: `ttp:&&knuabtdfg'qmn'cfv'bu&`kbmt`&sbikty&`bzbrns&kqudp%rksfuraks'`tem

^`ds QF\ s`fumn ok uskn dg afgjugatdfg wdt` Knuabtdfg \fmday bgn \rfaknurks _kcdstkr (K\\_$ %@MQ%\_%<2?: Aurrdaumue Batdv dty _dsh Ebgbckekgt Efnumks

B a h g f w m k n c k e k g t : Eua` fi t`k dgifrebtdfg ifr t`ds nfauekgt `bs okkg sfurakn irfe afgtkgt hdgnmy prfvdnkn oy Nkpbrtekgtfi Knuabtdfg ) A`dmnrkg—s Qkrvdaks QB wkosdtk : Eba`dgk Cubrndgc % Qbik Fpkrbtdgc \rfaknurks'

Nbtk fi mbst rkvdkw VVVVVVVVVVVVVV Qdcgbturk VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

Q B I K ^ T F \ K _ B ^ D G C \ _ F A KN [ _ K Q

Eb cgb Okgnℯ

Kmk a t r fe b c gk t d a Q `k k t e k t b m Ok g ndg c E b a ` dg k

NF G F^ usk t`ds eba dgk ugmkss b tkba`kr `bs dgstruatkn

yfu dg dts sbik usk bgn fpkrbtdfg bgn `bs cdvkg pkredssdfg'

Qbikty cmbssks eust ok wfrg bt bmm

tdeks dg wfrh brkbs'

Mfgc bgn mffsk `bdr eust ok

afgtbdgkn'

Bpprfprdbtk ifftwkbr wdt`

suostbgtdbm uppkrs eust ok wfrg'

Amfsk idttdgc&prftkatdvk amft`dgc

eust ok wfrg'

_dgcs bgn jkwkmmkry eust gft ok

wfrg'

Cmfvks eust gft ok wfrg w`kg

usdgc t`ds eba`dgk'

\_K%F\K_B^DFGBM QBIK^T A@KAHQ2' Cubrns fr sbikty nkvdaks eust gkvkr ok rkefvkn fr bnjustkn- kxakpt oy bg but`frdzkn pkrsfg

ifr ebdgtkgbgak purpfsks'?' Sfrhdgc pbrts (dk' `dgcks$ s`fumn ok wkmm muordabtkn bgn wfrhdgc suribaks hkpt irkk fi rust

bgn ndrt'1' Kgsurk gf smdp&trdp `bzbrns brk prkskgt dg wfrhspbaks bgn wbmhwbys'>' Ok bwbrk fi ft`kr pkrsfggkm dg t`k deekndbtk vdadgdty bgn kgsurk t`k brkb ds amkbr okifrk

usdgc kqudpekgt';' Ibedmdbrdsk yfurskmi wdt` bmm eba`dgk fpkrbtdfgs bgn afgtrfms% rkikr tf ‐[skr Ebgubm—'

9' Ibumty kqudpekgt eust gft ok uskn' Deekndbtkmy rkpfrt suspkat eba`dgkry'

F\K_B^DFGBM QBIK^T A@KAHQ2' Gkvkr usk t`ds eba dgk ifr okgndgc ektbm t`bt ds okyfgn t`k eba dgk—s abpbadty wdt` rkspkat

tf t`dahgkss- s`bpk- fr typk' _kikr tf t`k ebguibaturkr ‐[skr Ebgubm—'?' Gkvkr bttkept tf okgn rfn- wdrk- strbp- fr sprdgc stkkm s`kkts dg t`ds eba`dgk'1' Bnjust ifr t dahgkss fi wfrhpdkak ‑ rftbtk bnjustkrs kdt`kr kgn fi ambepobr'>' Dgskrt wfrhpdkak bgn bmdcg okgndgc knck fi ambepobr ) okgndgc%okbe wdt` t`k okgn mdgk fi

t`k wfrhpdkak';' \rkss bgn `fmn t`k ‐Q^B_ — outtfg (t`ds bppmdks prk%ambepdgc prkssurk tf t`k wfrhpdkak$'9' [sdgc ft`kr `bgn mdit `bgnmk (t ds bppmdks iumm ambepdgc$ bgn afgtdguk okgn tf rkqudrkn bgcmk'

3' Hkkp amkbr fi efvdgc `bgnmks bgn okgndgc%okbe'0' Qmfttkn fr s`frt ambepobrs s`fumn ok uskn ifr okgndgc ofx s`bpks ‑ rkikr tf ‐uskr ebgubm—'

@F[QKHKK\DGC2' Kgsurk eba dgk ds turgkn fii bitkr usk'?' _kturg bmm baakssfrdks tf stfrbck rbahs'1' Mkbvk t`k wfrh brkb dg b sbik- amkbg bgn tdny stbtk'

\F^KG^DBM @BZB_NQ Q`brp kncks bgn ourrs Depbat irfe `bgnmks fr okgndgc%okbe

Qqubs`&arus` bgn pdga` pfdgts Kmkatrdabm ) kmkatrfebcgktda kgkrcy



S`bt ds Ebcgbokgn6^`k Ebcgbokgn ds b eba`dgk ifr ifmndgc s`kkt ektbm bgn ds b afeefg dtke uskn dg t`k ektbmwfrh kgvdrfgekgt' Dt abg ok uskn tf okgn oft` ebcgktda ektbms mdhk cbmvbgdskn stkkm bgngfgebcgktda ektbms sua` bs orbss bgn bmuedgdue' ^`k eba`dgk ds ndiikrkgt irfe ft`kr ifmnkrs bsdt ambeps t`k wfrh pdkak wdt` b pfwkrium kmkatrfebcgkt rbt`kr t`bg oy eka`bgdabm ekbgs'

^`k eba`dgk ds ksskgtdbmmy b mfgc kmkatrfebcgktda okn wdt` b stkkm ambep obr mfabtkn bofvk' Dgfpkrbtdfg- b pdkak fi s`kkt ektbm ds pmbakn fg t`k kmkatrfebcgktda okn' ^`k ambep obr ds t`kgpmbakn dgtf pfsdtdfg bgn fgak t`k kmkatrfebcgkt ds turgkn fg t`k s`kkt ektbm ds ambepkn dg pmbak

oy bg kmkatrfebcgktda ifrak fi ebgy tfggks' B okgn dg t`k s`kkt ektbm ds ifrekn oy rftbtdgc t`k okgndgc okbe w da` ds efugtkn fg `dgcks btt`k irfgt fi t`k eba`dgk' ^`ds okgns t`k s`kkt ektbm brfugn t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ambep obr'Fgak t`k okgn ds afepmktk b edarf swdta` s`fumn ok batdvbtkn tf turg t`k kmkatrfebcgkt fii'

^`k Dgadnkgt:S`dmk ugnkrtbhdgc b prbatdabm tbsh usdgc s`kkt ektbm- b ykbr 2? stunkgt suiikrkn b arus` dgjury tf`ds idgckr- w`kg t`k ambepdgc obr t`bt `k wbs abrrydgc abek amfsk tf t`k kmkatrfebcgktda okn fi t`k Ebcgbokgn' Bs t`k stunkgt wbs prkpbrdgc tf pfsdtdfg t`k ambepdgc obr dt abek wdt`dg rbgckfi t`k batdvk kmkatrfebcgkt w`da` ambepkn t`k obr bgn trbppkn t`k stunkgt—s idgckrs oktwkkg t`ktwf suribaks'

^`k @bzbrn:Dt wbs ifugn t`bt t`k eba`dgk `bn b ibumt t`bt bmmfwkn t`k kmkatrfebcgkt tf skmi%kgcbck wdt`futt`k fpkrbtfr prkssdgc t`k ”stbrt― outtfg' B ibr efrk skrdfus dgjury (sua` bs beputbtdfg$ afumn `bvkrksumtkn irfe t`ds `bzbrn'

_kafeekgnbtdfgs ifr Afgtrfm:^`k ifmmfwdgc afgtrfms brk rkafeekgnkn tf bnnrkss t`ds `bzbrn:2' Dgspkat bmm eba`dgkry fi t`ds typk wdt`dg yfur wfrhpmbak tf kgsurk sbik fpkrbtdfg-

pbrtdaumbrmy wdt` rkspkat tf kmkatrdabm swdta`ks' Di ibumts brk ifugn- dsfmbtk t`k eba`dgkry ugtdmdt abg ok idxkn bgn ds sbik ifr fpkrbtdfg'

?' Qa`ffms gkkn tf arkbtk t`kdr fwg ebdgtkgbgak bgn dgspkatdfg prfcrbe' Cudnbgak abg oktbhkg irfe t`k rksfurak okmfw' Gftk: ebdgtkgbgak bgn dgspkatdfg prfcrbes eust dgamunk

t`k kmkatrfebcgkt swdta` ckbr'

• Kqudpekgt Ebdgtkgbgak _kafrn:`ttp:&&knuabtdfg'qmn'cfv'bu&`kbmt &nfas&`kbmt`sbikty&ebcgb%okgn%ker'nfa

1' Bs wdt` bmm dtkes dg t ds wfrhdgc kgvdrfgekgt- stbii bgn stunkgts s`fumn ok iummy trbdgkn dgt`k usk fi t`k kqudpekgt bgn nkkekn afepktkgt okifrk t`ky brk pkredttkn tf usk t`kkqudpekgt ugsupkrvdskn'

>' Qtbgnbrn sbik fpkrbtdgc prfaknurks bgn t`k eba`dgk—s ebguibaturkr—s ebgubm s`fumn okrkbndmy bvbdmbomk tf bmm uskrs w`da` dgafrpfrbtk b prfakss fi sbikmy a`kahdgc di t`kkmkatrfebcgkt ds batdvk okifrk fpkrbtdgc t`k eba dgk' Ifr iurt`kr dgifrebtdfg rkikr tf t`kQbik Fpkrbtdgc \rfaknurk okmfw:

• Qbik Fpkrbtdgc \rfaknurk:`ttp:&&knuabtdfg'qmn'cfv'bu&`kbmt`&nfas&`kbmt`sbikty&ebcgb%okgn%sfp'nfa

;' ^`k trbdgdgc bgn ebdgtkgbgak nfauekgts&rkafrns s`fumn ok rktbdgkn oy t`k sa`ffm'Nfauekgtbtdfg ifr bmm pmbgt s`fumn ok dg baafrnbgak wdt` ”\mbgt Afnk fi \rbatdak ?<<;―Q;'?; _kafrns bgn hkpt ifr t`k mdik fi t`k pmbgt'www'nkdr'qmn'cfv'bu&wfrhpmbak&mbw&afnks&pmbgt&ousdgkss&rkafrns&dgnkx'`te

Ebcgbokgn^E

%Kmkatrfebcgktda Q`kkt Ektbm

Ifmndgc Eba`dgk



Ebcgbokgnℯ irkqukgtmy bshkn qukstdfgs

R: @fw nf yfu usk t`k eba`dgk6

B: Tfu put yfur s`kktektbm wfrhpdkak dg ugnkr t`k ambepobr- swdta` fg ambepdgc- t`kg pumm

t`k ebdg `bgnmk (s$ tf okgn t`k wfrhpdkak

R: @fw ds t`k ambepobr bttba`kn6

B: Dg usk- dt ds `kmn nfwg oy b vkry pfwkrium kmkatrfebcgkt' Dt ds gft pkrebgkgtmy bttba`kn-

out dt ds mfabtkn dg dts afrrkat pfsdtdfg oy b sprdgc%mfbnkn obmm bt kba` kgn'

^`ds brrbgckekgt mkts yfu ifre amfskn s`kktektbm s`bpks- bgn bmsf tf swbp tf ft`kr

ambepobrs qudahmy'

R: S`bt ds t`k ebxdeue t`dahgkss s`kkt dt wdmm okgn6

B: Dt wdmm okgn 2'9 ee edmn stkkm s`kkt dg t`k iumm mkgct` fi t`k eba dgk' Dt abg okgn t dahkr dg s`frtkr mkgct`s'

R: S`bt bofut bmuedgdue bgn stbdgmkss stkkm6

B: Tks- t`k Ebcgbokgn wdmm okgn t`ke' ^`k ebcgktdse pbssks t`rfuc` t`ke bgn pumms

nfwg t`k ambepobr fgtf t`k s`kkt'

Dt wdmm okgn 2'9 ee bmuedgdue dg iumm mkgct`- bgn 2'< ee stbdgmkss stkkm dg iumm mkgct`'

R: @fw nf yfu ebhk dt ambep6

B: Tfu prkss bgn tkepfrbrdmy `fmn t`k crkkg /Qtbrt/ outtfg' ^`ds abusks mdc`t ebcgktda

ambepdgc' S`kg yfu pumm t`k ebdg `bgnmk dt butfebtdabmmy swdta`ks tf iumm pfwkr ambepdgc'

R: @fw nfks dt batubmmy okgn6

B: Tfu ifre t`k okgn ebgubmmy oy pummdgc t`k ebdg `bgnmk (s$' ^`ds okgns t`k s`kktektbm

brfugn t`k irfgt knck fi t`k ambepobr w`da` ds `kmn dg pmbak ebcgktdabmmy' ^`k

afgvkgdkgt bgcmk sabmk fg t`k `bgnmk tkmms yfu t`k bgcmk fi t`k okgndgc okbe bt bmm tdeks'

R: @fw nf yfu rkmkbsk t`k wfrhpdkak6

B: Bs yfu rkturg t`k ebdg `bgnmk t`k ebcgkt butfebtdabmmy swdta`ks fii- bgn t`k ambepobr

pfps up fg dts sprdgc%mfbnkn mfabtdgc obmms- rkmkbsdgc t`k wfrhpdkak'

R: Sfg#t t`krk ok rksdnubm ebcgktdse mkit dg t`k wfrhpdkak6

B: Kvkry tdek t`k eba`dgk swdta`ks fii- b s`frt rkvkrsk pumsk fi aurrkgt ds skgt t`rfuc` t`k

kmkatrfebcgkt tf nk%ebcgktdsk oft` dt bgn t`k wfrhpdkak'

R: @fw nf yfu bnjust ifr ektbm t`dahgkss6

B: Oy bmtkrdgc t`k bnjustkrs bt kba` kgn fi t`k ebdg ambepobr' ^`ds bmtkrs t`k okgndgc

amkbrbgak oktwkkg t`k irfgt fi t`k ambepobr bgn t`k wfrhdgc suribak fi t`k okgndgc

okbe w`kg t`k okbe ds up bt t`k 4<¼ pfsdtdfg'

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