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nb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq? skpdh B{z ;wofgsnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq? skpdh B{z ;wofgsnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq? skpdh B{z ;wofgsnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq? skpdh B{z ;wofgsnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq? skpdh B{z ;wofgs

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pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdopkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdopkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdopkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdopkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

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I.A.S. (Retd.)

;ofjzd csfj - 12 wJh, 1710

Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu f;ZyK s/ ;w[Zu/ gzikphnK dh

gfjbh csfj B{z sq? skpdh dk gqDkw

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Back Of Title PagewzrbkuoD

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w[Zy pzd 1 s'A 11

1a r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp dk wkBtsk B{z todkB 12

2a ;ofjzd csfj dh p[fBnkd-bk;kBh ;opz;dkB 20

3a ;ofjzd csfj d/ o' B fwBko/ 33

4a fwZso fgnko/ Bz{aaa 51

5a wjkB r[o{ dk wjkB pzdk 53

6anDr"fbnk“ jhd 65

7a pzdh pho (ofpzdo BkE N?r'o) 74

8a wjkB jhd (gq'L nksw jwokjh) 78

9a gzikp dh fJfsjkf;e ftok;s dh tzrko 82

10a yoV f;oc y?V jh BjhA j?\ d';s' 98

11a fJfsjkf;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'yk 105

12a [eokB/ dh gZsb 115-116

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nB/eK Bkwh-nBkwh jhdK s/ woihtV/ :'fXnK tZb'AnB/eK Bkwh-nBkwh jhdK s/ woihtV/ :'fXnK tZb'AnB/eK Bkwh-nBkwh jhdK s/ woihtV/ :'fXnK tZb'AnB/eK Bkwh-nBkwh jhdK s/ woihtV/ :'fXnK tZb'AnB/eK Bkwh-nBkwh jhdK s/ woihtV/ :'fXnK tZb'A

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BZsw;se gqDkw ;fjs ;wofgs.BZsw;se gqDkw ;fjs ;wofgs.BZsw;se gqDkw ;fjs ;wofgs.BZsw;se gqDkw ;fjs ;wofgs.BZsw;se gqDkw ;fjs ;wofgs.

;ofjzd cfsj 12 wJh, 1710;ofjzd cfsj 12 wJh, 1710;ofjzd cfsj 12 wJh, 1710;ofjzd cfsj 12 wJh, 1710;ofjzd cfsj 12 wJh, 1710

gzikp ftu jb/wh oki d/ gfjb/ ;{oi dk T[ikbkgzikp ftu jb/wh oki d/ gfjb/ ;{oi dk T[ikbkgzikp ftu jb/wh oki d/ gfjb/ ;{oi dk T[ikbkgzikp ftu jb/wh oki d/ gfjb/ ;{oi dk T[ikbkgzikp ftu jb/wh oki d/ gfjb/ ;{oi dk T[ikbk

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Inside of Back Title

s{ kjhA j? gqtk j? ekw s/oks{ kjhA j? gqtk j? ekw s/oks{ kjhA j? gqtk j? ekw s/oks{ kjhA j? gqtk j? ekw s/oks{ kjhA j? gqtk j? ekw s/ok

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pkiK tkfbnk pki B{z G/i w[Ve/, gJ/ fsZso T[vkohnK wkod/ B/.

7

Back Title Page

fJ; f;Ze/ d/ fJe gk;/ fJj fJpkos T[eoh j'Jh j?.

f;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/ FJ/FBkBe tkfjp n;sf;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/ FJ/FBkBe tkfjp n;sf;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/ FJ/FBkBe tkfjp n;sf;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/ FJ/FBkBe tkfjp n;sf;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/ FJ/FBkBe tkfjp n;s

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nzfes j?.

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Title Design by Kulbir Singh Sidhu. IAS (Retd.)

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pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; dh ykb;k c"i ns/ ;w[uh gzikphns tb'

;ofjzd csfj dh rkEk ti'A nkg ih d/ o{-p-o{ j?. ;ofjzd dh dhtko

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fdBK d/ ;w/A d/ b'e u/sBK d/ fJBebkp ti'A fJj ;opz;dkBh r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx ih, tZv/ ;kfjp kfdnK, S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK, wksk r[ioh ih ns/

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e'Jh pzdrh j?. :/ s' s/ok eow j? w/ok w"bk fe pks nGh sZe pDh j{Jh

j? d/ nB[;ko nkgDhnK ewhnK d/ nfj;k; d/ pkti{d th w/ok jhdK

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j'fJnk j?. fJ; bJh nekb g[oy dh feqgk d[nkok fJj g[;se dk ti{d

j'Ad ftu nkfJnk j?.

w?B{z fJE/ pkpk p[ZbQ/ kj d/ ebkw s'A th gq/oDk fwbdh j? fe w{zj

nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh J/@ fJ; bJh w?A ne;o fJZe' jh p"V wkodk ofjzdk

jK fe ykb;k oki s/ jbhwh oki dk w[ZY pzBD tkb/ r[o{ ;fjpkB s/ T[BQK

d/ jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK e[opkBhnK ;kvh e"w ns/ n;hA T[BQK dh r"otwJh

ftok;s d/ tko; y[Zd nkg ed'A ;wMKr/<

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rqfjD ehs/ jB. fiBQK ;dek w?A fJ; gk;/ tZb w[fVnk jK.

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nkgDh e"w d/ nbzpodkoK s/ ;" ch ;dh mhe YZ[edk j?. pkpk ibQD

efjzdk j? b'eK dhnK iZgwkbhnK ibQD dk iZgwkb. ;koh T[wo ig/

fdnK fJZe Bk y[ZEK tkb. fpbe[Zb fJ; soQK jh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'A

9

nZi 571 ;kb pknd, ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'A 308 ;kb pknd sZe

th BjhA ;wMk ;e/. nZi s'A 63 ;kb gfjbK sK kfJd n;hA r[bkw e"w

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u[Ze/ jB. n;hA jkb/ th nkgD/ r[o{nK-ghoK, ;zsK-GrsK, e[opkBh d/

g[ziK, d/ -GrsK s/ e"w d/ ;zxo h :'fXnK e"w d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk;

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rZb j?, nkgD/ pZfunK th BjhA ;wMk ;e/.

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e"wh woihtV/ ;zxo h :'fXnK d/ nfj;kBK gqsh fezB/ nfeqsxD s/

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T[BQK wjkB ;jhdK s/ ;zxo h :'fXnK dh pd"bs jh j? fe fiBQK B/

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go ;kvh efjDh s/ eoBh ftZu whB n;wkB dk coe gqsZy j?.

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e"wh gqtkfBnK Bz{ n;hA nkgD/ fBZih s/ gZygksh otZJhJ/ ekoB fJZe S'N/

fij/ ;wkfie dkfJo/ sZe jh ;hws eo fdZsk j?. ok Noh ;wkrwK s/ ;N/

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s/ oki;Zsk tkbh gkoNh tZb'A jh rZb gJ/ Y'b tikT[D tKr jh j[zdk j?.

;Zsk ofjs gkoNh tkb/ B"A eB"ihJ/ s/oQK u[ZbQ/ tkbk gzikph dk w[jkto/

nB[;ko fe;/ B[eo ftZu e"wh Mzvk uVQk e/ e"wh jhdK s/ ;zxo h :'fXnK

gqsh nkgD/ nkg B{z ;Zuk ;kfps eo oj/ j[zd/ jB.

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tZi'A nkgDh Bw' h B{z ep{b eodk j'fJnk, fJ; g[;se d/ okjhA ;opz;

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fJj g[;se ;ofjzd csfj dh sq? skpdh d/ nB/eK Bkwkto s/ nBkw

jhdK Bz{ ;wZofgs j?.

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d;w/ sk d/ ewKvo fJzB uhc, gzikp d/ gfjb/ Bo/ , f;Zy gow oki

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pjkdo Bz{ fJj g[;se ;wofgs j?.

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11

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nkgD/ g[Zso Bz{ fuZmh fbZy e/ fejk ;h fe T[; Bz{ gqsZy fdZ; fojk j? fe

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e'Jh Y'Jh BjhA fwb/rh.

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jK. fJ; bJh w?A fJBQK ouBktK Bz{ T[BQK d/ pDd/ :'r ;EkB Gkt ;ofjzd

csfj s'A gfjbK fbfynk j?.

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;pzXh b/y jB. fco nmkothA, T[BhthA n s/ thjthA ;dh d/ e"wh jhdK

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gqsh ;kvh nfeqsxDsk, p/o[yh s/ ub-j'T{ dh nDrfjbh g{oB gqftosh

s/ otZJhnk j?. T[; ;pzXh fJfsjk;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'yk okjhA

nkgDh nwho s/ wjkB ftok;s d/ tkfo; j'D tZi'A 300 ;kb r[o{ d/

Bkb efjD tkb/ ;wki d/ efEs nbzpodkoK, o'wDh Xkofwe ;z;EktK,

iBse ndkfonK s/ ;w[Zuh gzikphns Bkb nkgk uhBD dh ro Bkb

nkgD/-nkg Bkb jh fJZe ;ztkd ofunk j?.

gzikp d/ fJfsjk;eko s/ fuzse nkgD/ gq k;fBe nkdo ;qL wB'jo

f;zx uKdbk dh XkoBk dk ekfJb jK fe ;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ BjhA fSgdk.;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ BjhA fSgdk.;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ BjhA fSgdk.;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ BjhA fSgdk.;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ BjhA fSgdk.

;{oi B{z rqfjD bZrd/ jB go T[j tesh jh j[zd/ jB. ;{oi B{z rqfjD bZrd/ jB go T[j tesh jh j[zd/ jB. ;{oi B{z rqfjD bZrd/ jB go T[j tesh jh j[zd/ jB. ;{oi B{z rqfjD bZrd/ jB go T[j tesh jh j[zd/ jB. ;{oi B{z rqfjD bZrd/ jB go T[j tesh jh j[zd/ jB. fJ; bJh w?A th

;wMdk jK fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ f;Zy e"w bJh ehs/ ekoBkfwnK

s/ e[opkBh T[s/ i' nZi sZe ;kv/ tZb'A nfrnkBsk s/ nDrfjbh dk

rqfjD bZfrnk j?. T[j rqfjD nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A ftu ;kvhnK nkT[D

tkbhnK ghVQhnK dh fBogZy ;'u s/ oXk d/ pbp{s/ jBQ/o/ s'A o" Bh ftu

o{o pdb/rk. fi; ;dek pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo tor/ nB/eK jh e"w d/

nDr"b/ jhd e"w d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ftu nkgDk :'r ;EkB rqfjD

eoe/ e"w dh wB' ;wfosh jo jkbs ftu pDBr/.

j[D id'A n;hA ;ofjzd csfj dh sq? skpdh wBk oj/ jK sK w/o/ ftuko

nB[;ko e"wh gZXo s/ d' pj[s jh nfjw gfjb{nK tZb fXnkB fdZs/ ikD

12

dh b'V j?. i' fe ;w/A dh wzr d/ pkti{d th gfjbhnK j[D sZe wBkJhnK

rJhnK fJfsjk;e skpdhnK ;w/A nDr"b/ oj/ jB. gfjbh b'V sK fJj

j? fe ;kv/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ ;kv/ jhdK-w[ohdK dk okj ig, sg s/

fsnkr dk ;h. ek ! n;hA th T[BQK d/ tkfo; j'D ti'A nkgD/ gdkoEtkdh

s/ ;tkoEtkdh feodko B{z d/ s/ e"w d/ fjZs ftu E'VQk fijk SZv e/ e"w

gq;sh d/ XkoBh pD/. fJ; s'A th i' nfjw o{os j?l T[j fJj j? fe ;kv/

ihtBK ftu sK i' j'Jh-phsh T[j j' phshl xZN' xZN n;hA ni'eh ghVQh

j'D ti'A nkT[D tkbhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK B{z ;jh gfog/y ftu nkgD/

;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; s'A ikD{z eotk ;ehJ/. fJ; bJh p/ Ze ;kB{z nkg th

nkgD/ wjkB g{otiK d/ B/e ihtBK s/ nwbK dk XkoBh j'Dk gt/rk.

nZi ;kfJz; dk :[Zr j?. fJb?eNq"fBe whvhnk fJe gquko s/ ;zuko dh

tZvh esh j?. fJ; bJh ;kB{z nkgD/ r[o{nK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK tZb'A fwbh

wjkB s/ nwho ;ZfGnkukoe ftok;s B{z d[BhnK d/ e'B/-e'B/ ftu

gj[zukT[D bJh tZy-tZy Gk ktK ftu ns/ yk; s"o s/ t?Zp;kJhNK okjhA

d[BhnK ftu B o eoB dh b'V j?. fJ; ftu e'Jh Ze BjhA fe nZi ;w[Zuh

d[BhnK jh wjkB ;dkukoe ihtB s/ frnkB dh sbprko j?.

nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ nZr/ w/oh nodk; j? fe n;hA nkgD/ wjkB r[o{

;kfjpkB, ;zsK-GrsK, g{otiK, d/ GrsK s/ wjkB jhdK d/ gqsh

b'e-gob'e ftZu ;Bw[Zy j' ;eD d/ ;woZE j' ;ehJ/. kbk! fJ;

gqEkfJ pkpk cohd ih d/ puBK b/yk oZp wzr/;hnk s{z nkj' e/o/ ezfw ns/

cohdk do dotki? ikfJ e? feT[ fvm' xVhnkfb. J/j fBd';k wkohn? jw

d';K dk fenk jkb[. dh ;zEK Bz{ n;hA wBK ftZu t;k e/ d/ s/ e"w dh ;/tk

dh e;"Nh s/ yo/ T[so ;ehJ/.

e[bpho f;zx f;ZXe[bpho f;zx f;ZXe[bpho f;zx f;ZXe[bpho f;zx f;ZXe[bpho f;zx f;ZX{

13

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjpr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjpr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjpr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjpr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp

dkdkdkdkdk

wkBtsk B{z todkBwkBtsk B{z todkBwkBtsk B{z todkBwkBtsk B{z todkBwkBtsk B{z todkB

;kvh ;w[Zuh e"w B{z ne;o fJfsjk; fJj ;[nkb eodk j? fe eh s[;hA

nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK, ;zsK, GrsK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK B{z don;b ikDd/

th j'< yk; s"o s/ eh s[;hA wjkB r[o{ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B{z ;jh s"o

s/ ikDd/ th j' fe BjhA< eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp B/

pkp/ BkBe dh pkpo pkDh s'A b? e/ ;opz;dkB fij/ r'fpzd wkor sZe

ebw s'A b? e/ sbtko sZe dk ;co s?n ehsk ;h< ;kvk fJfsjk; ;kB{z

tzrkodk j? fe eh n;hA d;w/ fgsk dhnK wkBtsk B{z wjkB todkB

o{gh d/DK B{z ikDd/ s/ ;wMd/ th jK<

eh s[;hA ;qh r[o{ r'fpzzd f;zx ;kfjp B{z ikDd/ j'< i/ s[;hA ;uw[Zu jh

T[BQK B{z ikDd/ j' sK eh s[;hA d;w/ fgsk tZb'A ehsh e"w bJh xkbDk

s/ e[opkBh B{z mhe gq;zr ftu ;wMd/ th j'< eh s[;hA ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx

ih s'A gfjbK gzit/A gkfs kj ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo

ih dhnK bk;kBh jhdhnK ns/ fco T[BQK s'A pknd T[BQK d/ pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo tor/ wjkB pzfdnK dhnK nd[Zsh e[opkBhnK pko/ th

ikDd/ j'< e"w B{z fJ; soQK d/ nB/eK ;tkb fJfsjk; g[ZSdk j?. r[o{

;kfjp tZb'A fdZs/ bk;kBh ;opz;dkB s/ T[; ;w/A d/ jkbksK s'A ikD{z

eokT[D fjZs fJfsjk; ;kB{z Mzi'Vdk j?. w[Zedh rZb fJfsjk; ;kE'A ;g N

14

i[nkp g[ZSdk j? fe eh ;kB{z fJ; soQK BjhA bZrdk fe d;t/A gkfs kj s'A

gfjbK s/ T[BQK d/ ihtB ekb s'A pknd dk ;wK gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu efjo

pD e/ tkgfonk j?. fit/A fe fe;/ kfJo B/ fejk j? fe -

p; d' tes jh w[ feb ;/ r[ o/ j?A

fJe s/o/ nkB/ ;/ gfjb/ fJe ikB/ e/ pknd.

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s'A pknd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ ;w/A

gfjbh tko gzikp s/ gzikphns B/ d;t/A gkfs kj d/ to';kJ/ pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo dh nrtkJh j/m 710 ;kb dh brksko bzwh r[bkwh s'A

pknd n kdh s/ ;[Zy dk ;kj fbnk. fco pzdk pjkdo s'A pknd ;koh 18

thA ;dh ekb/ :[Zr ti'A gzikp s/ Bk b j'Jh. go r[o{ BkBe s/ r'fpzd

f;zx Bkw b/tk pjkdo gzikphnK s/ yk; s"o s/ f;zxK s/ f;zxDhnK B/

f;Zyh s/ r[o{ gq/w B{z e/;hA ;tk;hA nkyoh dw sZe fBGkfJnk.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo tZb'A 12 wJh 1710 dh ;ofjzd cfsj s'A

pknd 70 ;kb sZe jhdK s/ woihtV/ f;zxK B/ gzikp d/ fJfsjk; B{z

nkgD/ y{B Bkb f;zfink. fco jhdK dk bj{ ozr fbnkfJnk ns/ f;Zy

fw;bK dh ;odkoh s'A pknd wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk oki ekfJw

j'fJnk. fJ; ;ko/ tosko/ d/ jhdK-w[ohdK s/ r[o{ fgnkfonK dhnK nefj

s/ n;fj [bwK d/ ;Bw[Zy e[opkBhnK ;pzXh th ;kB{z fJfsjk; p/p/nzs

;[nkb g[ZSdk j?. go ;kvh nDrfjbh s/ x/;btZN fijh fposh B{z d/y

e/ id'A ;kv/ tZb'A e'Jh i[nkp BjhA fwbdk sK ;kvk fJfsjk; ;kvh Xkoh

j'Jh bzph u[Zg d/ ekoB nkgDk cstk ;[DkT[Adk j?.

T[j fJfsjk;e cstk fJj j? fe s[;hA ;opz;dkBh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx ;kfjp pko/ E'VkFpj[sk jh ;[fDnk j? iK fco kfJd frDsh d/ e[M

e[ pzfdnK B/ jh gfVQnk j?. s[;hA d;t/A gkfs kj B{z ed/ th ;jh o{g ftZu

BjhA ikfDnk fe fe; soQK ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp

dh ebw s'A b? e/ sbtko sZe dk ;øo s?n ehsk ;h< d;w/ fgsk B/

fejV/ jkbksK ftu ykb;k f;oiDk ehsh ;h< fco T[j fejV/ jkbks

;B fiBQK eoe/ T[; ;opz;dkBh B/ Xow s/ e"w s'A nkgDk ;G e[M ns/

;kok gfotko tkfonk ;h<

15

(1) p/ e fJ; wjkB e"wh f;oiDk pko/ ;kB{z nbg fijk frnkB

o{o j?. go d;w/ fgsk dhnK wB[Zysk B{z todkB o{gh dksK ;pzXh

;kvh oXk s/ nk;Ek pj[s jh xZN j?. ;kB{z fe;/ B{z :kd j'Dk sK d{o dh

rZb j?. kfJd ;kB{z sK fJj th gsk BjhA j? fe ;z;ko d/ fJfsjk; ftu

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ Gkosh e"w B{z fezBk e[M gfjbh tkoh fdZsk ;h<

;zB 1699 ftu ykb;k f;oiDk Bkb fJe BthA e"w dh T[;koh j'Jh.

fi; ftu b'eszsoh f;XKsK fit/A fe wB[Zyh n kdh, pokpoh s/ iks-

gks ofjs GkJhuko/ dh f;oiDk j'Jh. ;z;ko gqf;ZX nkoB"bv N[nkfJBph

tork fJfsjk;eko fbydk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ wBZ[yh pokpoh s/ wB[Zyh

GkJhuko/ dh fJe BthA gqzgok ekfJw ehsh. go n;hA fJ; gqzgok d/ tkfo;

j'D d/ pkti{d th fJ; wjkB sZE B{z d[BhnK d/ ;kjwD/ B o BjhA eo

;e/. ;r'A fJ; d/ T[bN ;kvk ;kok ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ni'eh b'eszsoh

gqDkbh dk f;jok ykb;k f;oiDk s'A 90 ;kb pknd j'Jh ;zB 1789 dh

coK; dh eqKsh B{z fdzdk nk fojk j?.

(2) fJ; soQK jh gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu 22 d;zpo 1705 dh oks B{z

uwe"o dh rVQh ftu nkg/ r[o-u/bk d/ f;XKs dh goy j'Jh. id'A fe

f;zxK dh gzukfJs B/ nkgD/ gfjb/ r[ows/ okjhA r[o{ ;kfjp B{z j[ew

fdZsk fe i/ s[;hA j' sK e"w j? s/ i/ s[;hA Bk oj/ sK e"w BjhA oj/rh. fJBQK

jkbksK ftu nfs dh pjkdoh d/ w[iZ;w/ ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/

ykb;k gzukfJs dk j[ew wzB e/ uwe"o dh rVQh B{z SZfvnk. go n;hA

nkgD/ ;kfjs iK fJfsjk; dh fe;/ th g[;se ftu fJj BjhA gVQd/. ;r'A

fJ; d/ T[bN fJj jh gVQ oj/ jK fe b'eszsoh gqDkbh ftu ;G s'A gfjbk

wsk fJzrb?Av dh gkobhw?AN ftu ftbhnw fgZN dh :zro ;w/A ;zB 1806

ftu gk; j'fJnk ;h.

(3) ;zB 1701 ftu d;t/A gkfs kj s/ GkJh xBZQJhnk tZb'A i'

nBzdg[o ;kfjp dh bVkJh ftu d[ wD c"iK d/ ywh f;gkjhnK ;w/s

ywhnK dh ;/tk-;zGkb ehsh rJhl T[; ;dek T[j ni'e/ o?Zv eok; d/

pkBh pDd/ jB. go n;hA ;zB 1853 dh eohwhnK s/ ;?bcohB' dh izr d/

;w/A s'A j?Boh fvT{Bk s/ cb'o?A; BkJhNfJzr/b B{z o?Zv eok; d/ pkBh wzB oj/

jK. kfJd fJj fJ; bJh j' fojk j? fe n;hA ;z;ko B{z nkgD/ r[o{nK-ghoK

16

pko/ e'Jh pj[sk BjhA dZ; ;e/. ;r'A n;hA fJ; ;pzXh pZ; uZb j'T{l nkgK

B{z eh tkbh Bhsh Xkoh j'Jh j?.

(4) fJ; soQK jh ;zB 1696 ftu nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ izrh eosZpK

ti'A i' rsekpk h, shonzdk h, x'V ;tkoh s/ B/ kpk h dh [o{nks

j'bk-wjZbk d/ o{g ftu j'Jh ;h. fJ; B{z ;z;ko gZXo dhnK ni'ehnK

T[bzfge y/vK dh p[fBnkd fejk ik ;edk j?. go n;hA ;zB 1896 ftu

T[bzfge y/vK B{z g[Bo-;[oihs eoB tkb/ bh-e"pofsB d/ jh ;koh d[BhnK

Bkb fwb e/ ;'jb/ rk oj/ jK. fJ; soQK ;kv/ ;z;ko gqf;ZX j'b/-wjZb/ dk

y/vK d/ y/so ftu wjkB :'rdkB f;oc nBzdg[o ;kfjp sZe jh ;hws j'

e/ ofj frnk j?.

(5) T[go'es ft;Eko s'A pknd fJ; ftu e'Jh Ze BjhA ofj iKdk

fe ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih nfij/ w'joh dko fBeK ftu'A fJe ;B.

fiBQK B/ fe e"w dh uVQdh ebk s/ Bo'Jh wkBf;esk bJh ;kfjs s/

fJfsjk; dh nfjwhns B{z gSkfDnk ;h. T[BQK B/ gkT[ANk ;kfjp, nBzdg[o

;kfjp s/ sbtzvh ;kp' fty/ ftdtkBK s'A ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; dh ouBk

eotkJh. fBo;zd/j fJj nc;'; dh rZb j? fe fJ; ftu'A pj[s ;kok p/

ehwsh ;kfjs dk y kBk nBzdgo ;kfjp SZvD s'A pknd r[od[nkok

gfotko ftS'Vk d/ B/V/ f;o;k Bdh dh jVQ dh G/AN uVQ frnk. go fco th

;kv/ e'b i' T[BQK tZb'A ofus pkDh j? T[j wkBtsk B{z wjkB d/D j?. yk;

s"o s/ i' d;t/A gkfs kj B/ dwdwk ;kfjp sbtzvh ;kp' ;qh r[o{ rqzE

;kfjp dh g[Bo ;zgkdBk s/ g[Bo ;EkgBk ehsh, T[; e"wh todkB ;dek

nZi ;kvh e"wh j'Ad j?.

(6) ;z;ko d/ fJfsjk; ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d[BhnK d/ fJe'

fJe ;opz;dkBh j'J/ jB. fJ; soQK jh d;t/A gkfs kj ;z;ko d/ XowK d/

fJfsjk; ftu gfjb/ nfij/ wjKg[oy ;B fiBQK B/ fe i'sh i's ;wkT[D

s'A gfjbK ykb;k gzE ftu d/jXkoh r[o{ dh gqzgok B{z ;dk bJh ysw eo

fdZsk. d;t/A gkfs kj B/ fJ; soQK ;z;ko ftu ;G s'A gfjbh tko d/

jXkoh r[o{ dh EK pd r[o{ B{z r[orZdh fdZsh. T[BQK B/ e"w B{z nkd/

fdZsk fe id'A th nfXnksfwe, ;wkfie iK fe;/ th j'o w;b/ s/ nrtkJh

dh b'V gt/ sK r[opkDh dk UN-nk;ok fbnk ikt/.

17

p/fw;kb ;po-f;de s/ sg-fsnkr dh w{os -p/fw;kb ;po-f;de s/ sg-fsnkr dh w{os -p/fw;kb ;po-f;de s/ sg-fsnkr dh w{os -p/fw;kb ;po-f;de s/ sg-fsnkr dh w{os -p/fw;kb ;po-f;de s/ sg-fsnkr dh w{os -

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih j[D sZe ;z;ko d/ gfjb/ s/ nkyoh J/e'

;opz;dkBh j'J/ jB. eh n;hA ed/ fJe gb th wBK B{z ojkT[ d/ e/ ftukfonk

j? fe 26 d;zpo B{z jh d;t/A gkfs kj dk 39 tK iBw fdjkVk th ;h< eh

nZi sZe fe;/ g[Zso B/ nkgD/ fgsk tZb'A Xow s/ e"w dh okyh bJh ftZY/

e"wh ;zxo ftu nkgD/ gqkDK dk nkj{sh fdZsh j?< eh fe;/ B/ ;opz;dkB

s'A pknd th nekb g[oy dk [eokBk ehsk j?< nfijk iBw fdjkVk

d[BhnK d/ fe;/ th Xow s/ e"w d/ fJfsjk; ftu BjhA nkfJnk. id'A fe

;kfjp kfdnK s/ g[ZsoK tor/ f;zxK B/ nkgD/ r[o{-fgsk d/ e"wh fw B

bJh nkgD/ gqkDK dk B okBk fdZsk j't/ iK fco fe;/ r[o{-fgsk B/

nkgDh e"w B{z ;t?wkD s/ nDy Gog{o nfijk Bk:kp s'jck fdZsk j't/

.

go nc;'; j? fe n;hA fJj gktB g[op wBkT[Ad/-wBkT[Ad/ nkgD/

;[Zy-nkokwK ftu fJzB/ rbskB j' rJ/ jK fe fJBQK fJfsjk;e 'ewJh

fdjkfVnK d/ ;w/A n;hA feq;fw; s/ Bt/A ;kb dhnK y[ hnK wBk oj/ j[zd/

jK. ;d-nc;'; fe fJBQK fdBK ftu th ;kv/ w"i-w/b/ d/ ebZp s/ okp

d/ m/e/ th y[ZbQ/ ofjzd/ jB ns/ ;kvk ghD-ykD th wstkso n? gq;s

tkbk j[zdk j?. fJ; s'A th tZv/ d[Zy dh rZb sK fJj j? fe n;hA nfeqsxDsk

dhnK g"VQhnK uVQd/-uVQd/ nkgD/ r[o{nK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK s'A th d{o j'

rJ/ jK. fi; ekoB n;hA r[o{nK-ghoK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK d/ ihtB ns/

cb;c/ B{z G[Zbd/-G[Zbd/ pZ; G[Zb jh rJ/ jK.

ebw s'A sbtko sZe ;co d/ gKXhebw s'A sbtko sZe ;co d/ gKXhebw s'A sbtko sZe ;co d/ gKXhebw s'A sbtko sZe ;co d/ gKXhebw s'A sbtko sZe ;co d/ gKXh

;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s/ j'o r[o{

;kfjpkB dh vro s/ ubd/ j'J/ ebw s'A sbtko sZe dk ;co s?n

ehsk. fJ; ;dek T[j ;w[Zu/ Gkosh ;wki bJh jh BjhAl ;r'A T[j wkBtsk

bJh r'fpzd wkor d/ ofjB[wk pD/. pkpk BkBe s'A pknd j'o f;Zy r[o{

;kfjpkB ns/ yk; s"o s/ ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih s/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo

ih Bkb d;t/A gkfs kj e"w d/ T[j w;hjk ;Bl fiBQK B/ nkgD/ ;opz;dkB

Bkb ;w[Zuh e"w dh j'Ad B{z pukfJnk ;h. fJ; gqEkfJ pkpk p[Zb/ kj

w[;bwkB j'D d/ pkti{d th fJfsjk;e ;ZukJh fpnkB eodk j'fJnk

18

efjzdk j? fe Bk ej{z np eh Bk ejz{ sp eh. nro Bk j's/ r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx s' ;[zBs j'sh ;G eh. ;' nZi ;kvh ;w[Zuh Gkosh e"w dh j'Ad th

nkgD/ jhdK-w[ohdK dh xkb-ewkJh s/ e[opkBhnK ;dek jh j?.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih e"w d/ Bt-fBowkD ;dek e"wh T[;oZJhJ/,

;kvh ni'eh b'eszsoh gqDkbh d/ w'Yh, o?Zv eok; ns/ ni'ehnK ;z;ko

gZXoh y/vK d/ ofjpo s/ ofjB[wk pD/. go pj[s jh ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoB

tkbh rZb fJj j? fe n;hA id'A r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ gktB gqek T[s;t

wBkT[Ad/ jK sK eh ;kB{z nkg B{z T[BQK d/ e"wh :'rdkB pko/ ukBDk j[zdk

j?<

fJj j'o th rzGhosk Bkb ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe n;hA seohpB

fgSbh fJe ;dh s'A ns/ yk; s"o s/ n kdh s'A pknd nkgD/ r[o{nK-

ghoK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK e"w gqsh ehshnK e[opkBhnK s/ T[BQK d/

ihtB cb;c/ B{z d[BhnK ftu gqukoD s/ gq;koD bJh eh ehsk ns/ j[D

eh eo oj/ jK< eh n;hA nkgD/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ftu iK nkgD/ ftfdne

e'o;K ftu nkgD/ e[opkBh d/ g[ziK B{z :'r ;EkB d/ ;e/ jK< fJj th

;wMD tkbh rZb j? fe fizBh d/o ;kvk fJfsjk;, ;kfjs ns/ ;kv/

ftfdne e'o; ;kv/ gzikp d/ fJfsjk;e e"wh sZEK B{z mhe gq;zr ftu

;kvhnK nkgDhnK ns/ ;kvhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK sZe BjhA

gj[zukT[Dr/l T[Bh d/o n;hA nkgDh nwho ftok;s Bkb nkgD/ pZfunK

B{z ed/ th BjhA i'V ;eKr/.

;kv/ jhdK gqsh b'e u/sBk g?dk eoB dh b'V -;kv/ jhdK gqsh b'e u/sBk g?dk eoB dh b'V -;kv/ jhdK gqsh b'e u/sBk g?dk eoB dh b'V -;kv/ jhdK gqsh b'e u/sBk g?dk eoB dh b'V -;kv/ jhdK gqsh b'e u/sBk g?dk eoB dh b'V -

;kfjp ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp sZe r[o{

;kfjpkB, e"w d/ jhdK-w[ohdK d/ ihtB s/ cb;c/ B{z fizBh d/o b'e

bfjo pDk e/ b'e u/sBk BjhA pDkfJnk iKdkl T[Bh d/o gzikp ns/

gzikphns pko/ n;hA d[BhnK B{z ;jh noEK ftu ikD{z BjhA eotk ;eKr/.

;" jZE oZ;k s/ f;o/ T[s/ rzY torh b'e f;nkDg d/ nkXko s/ nZi

e"w B{z fusktBh Gog{o tzrko j? fe p/ Ze fizBhnK wo h :kdrkoK n;hA

pDk bJhJ/. go fizBh d/o n;hA X[o nzdo s'A fdbh oXk ;fjs nkgDh

n kd wkBf;esk Bkb nkgD/ wjkB g{otiK Bkb BjhA i[Vd/l T[Bh d/o

19

;kvhnK fJfsjk;e :kdrkoK ;kv/ bJh p/wkfJB/ jh ofjDrhnK. fJ;

;{os ftu n;hA Bk sK nkgDh n kd j'Ad oZy ;eKr/ s/ Bk jh nkgD/

r[o{nK-ghoK s/ wjkB jhdK dh n hw'- kB ftok;s d/ ;jh tko;

ejkT[D d/ jZedko j'tKr/.

;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -

fJE/ w?A nZi ;w/A dh b'V nB[;ko ntkw dh ntk dh soiwkBh

eoB fjZs f;oc e[M e[ ;[Mkn nkg ;G Bkb ;KM/ eo fojk jK. w/ok

gfjbk ;[Mkn fJj j? fe fezBk jh uzrk j't/ fe e"w d/ ;{opho jhdK s/

;zxo h :'fXnK d/ :'rdkB B{z fuo-;EkJh pDkT[D fjZs ;kfjs s/

fJfsjk; ftu ;KfGnk ikt/. fJ; bJh T[BQK d/ ihtB ns/ cb;c/ pko/ i'

;kvk nX{ok frnkB s/ ikDekoh j?. T[; ;pzXh b'VhAdh ikDekoh B{z

w[ezwb eoe/ jhdK B{z ;jh fJfsjk;e s/ ;kfjse gq;zr ftu T[BQK dk

pDdk :'r ;EkB fdtkfJnk ikt/.

go nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe nZi sZe ftfdnk d/ y/so ftu

e'Jh f;b/p; BjhA pD ;fenk. i' ;kvhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK B{z

fBo'b j?ohN/i s/ ;dkukoe edoK-ehwsK s'A ikDz{ eotkT[Adk j't/. p/ Ze

;kv/ xo-xo ftu fJj fceo j? fe ;kvh nkT[D tkbh ghVQh ;dkukoe

edoK-ehwsK B{z G[Zb ojh j?. go fJj th ;Zu j? fe n;hA T[BQK B{z b'VhAdh

;/X BjhA d/ oj/. fJ; bJh ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; dhnK feskpK fJ; ;zdoG

ftu fbyhnK ikDhnK ukjhdhnK jB. fJ; s'A th o{oh fJj j? fe fco

gzikphnK d/ wjkB fto;/ B{z gqukoD s/ gq;koD bJh tZy-tZy Gk ktK

ftu pj[s jh xZN ehws s/ d[BhnK B{z T[gbpX eotkJhnK ikD.

fJ; s'A th tZX o{oh i' s[ozs ekotkJh ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?l T[j

fJj j? fe ;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu ;kv/ gzikp dh nwho ;z;feqsh s/

;fGnkuko dh ftok;s B{z :'r ;EkB fdZsk ikt/. fizBh d/o n;hA nkgD/

gfotkoK ftu w[Yb/ ;z;ekoK ti'A ns/ fco nkgD/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu

nkgD/ pZfunK B{z [o{ s'A jh gzikp d/ wjkB fto;/-fto;ks dh rZbpks

BjhA dZ;Kr/l T[Bh d/o n;hA nkgDhnK ghVQhnK B{z ;wkfie s/ ;dkukoe

gZy'A r?o- o{oh s/ wzd/ gqGkth f;ZfNnK s'A puk BjhA ;eKr/ .

j[D fJb?eNq'fBe whvhnk dk :[Zr j?. fJ; bJh T[go'es ;[Mkn dh

20

brkskosk ftu fJj th ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j? fe gzikp d/ nwho j?ohN/

i s/ ebuo B{z Nhatha u?BbK s/ fJzNoB?ZN okjhA brksko fB:wpZX sohe/

Bkb b'eK sZe gj[zukfJnk ikt/. fi; Bkb fe ;kv/ jhdK-w[ohdK d/

ekoBkfwnK s'A ntkw ikD{ j' ;e/rk. fJ; soQK gzikp dk ;[Bfjok fJfsjk;

b'e bfjo pD e/ d[BhnK d/ ;kjwD/ fbnKdk ik ;e/rk. i' fe nZi sZe

n;hA BjhA eo ;e/. p/ Ze fJ; ftu e'Jh Ze BjhA fe nZi d[BhnK gzikp

d/ wjkB fto;/ pko/ ikBD bJh sbprko j?.

nZi ;w/A dh wzr j? fe n;hA nkgD/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ wjkB sg-

fsnkr, ;zxo K s/ e[opkBhnK gqsh nfj;kBwzd s/ feqsr j' e/ T[BQK d/

dZ;/ r'fpzd wkor B{z nkgDh ihtB iku pDkJhJ/. fJ; s'A th nZr/

nkgD/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ e"wh jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK xkb-ewkJhnK s/

e[opkBhnK B{z wBK ftu t;kJhJ/ fe fiBQK d/ ;dek ;kvh nZi dh

gzikphns dh j'Ad j?. n;hA fJj th edkfus Bk G[ZbhJ/ fe nZi i' n;hA

n kdh wkD oj/ jK ns/ nZi i/ ;kvh n kdh poeoko j? sK fJj e"w d/

;g{sK d/ d/ gq/w ;dek ehs/ ;zxo K s/ e[opkBhnK ;dek jh j?.

eh nZi ;kvhnK Xkofwe ;z;EktK r[o{ d/ Bkw s/ nkg;h f et/-

f ekfJs s/ u"Xo dh bVkJh B{z fJe gk;/ oZy e/ d[BhnK B{z nkgD/ wjkB

r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ jhdK-w[ohdK s'A fwbh nDw'b nwho ftok;s pko/

ikD{ eotkT[D d/ nkgD/ co nZtb B{z ;wMD dh feqgkbsk eoBrhnK<

nZi ;w/A dh ;G s'A tZvh wzr j? fe n;hA nkgD/ g[ofynK ns/ nkgD/

B"itkBK dhnK ghVhnK d/ dofwnkB fJe b'VhAdh eVh pD e/ nkgDh

nwho ;fGnkukoe ftok;s dh i's Bz{ irkJh oyhJ/. fiE/ ;kvk fJj

T[gokbk nkgD/ wjkB r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ jhdK-w[ohdK gqsh d[BhnK B{z

ikro{e eoB tk;s/ ;kvh ;Zuh-;[Zuh oXk s/ ;fseko dk gqrNktk j't/

rk. T[E/ jh fJj T[dw nkgDhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK B{z ;jh ;/X d/D ;kv/

tZb'A ;kv/ tZb'A pj[s jh nfjw e"wh co dh ndkfJrh j't/rk.

21

;ofjzd csfj dh p[fBnkd;ofjzd csfj dh p[fBnkd;ofjzd csfj dh p[fBnkd;ofjzd csfj dh p[fBnkd;ofjzd csfj dh p[fBnkd

;opz;dkB dh bk;kBh dk;skB;opz;dkB dh bk;kBh dk;skB;opz;dkB dh bk;kBh dk;skB;opz;dkB dh bk;kBh dk;skB;opz;dkB dh bk;kBh dk;skB@@@@@

fJj rkEk ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB ftZu nkgDh fgnkoh

nBzdg[oh B{z SZvD T[gozs wkShtkV/ sZe o'gV fyZs/ ftu gzi ekbhnK

p'bQhnK oksK d/ nkgD/ nkg s/ jzYkJ/ nefj s/ n;fj ;co s/ co dh

j?. fJBQK gzi oksK d/ dofwnkB jh ;opz;dkB dh nkj{sh g{oB j'Jh.

fJBQK gzi oksK d"okB jh uwe"o ;kfjp dh Xosh jhdK dh c[ZbtkVh s/

gfjb/ b'eszsoh r[ows/ dh ;o whB pDh. ;' fJBQK gzi oksK d/ dofwnkB

fJZe fdB ti'A r[o{ ;kfjp dk 39tK iBw fdjkVk nkfJnk. id'A fe

wksk r[io e"o ih ;w/s T[BQK d/ bys/ firo uko ;kfjp kfdnK B/

nkgD/ r[o-fgsk d/ d/ s/ Xow dh okyh bJh [o{ ehs/ ;zrokw s/ B/e

fw B bJh nkgDhnK fizdK tko e/ T[BQK B{z Bk:kp B okBk fdZsk. d{i/

gk;/ r[o{-fgsk B/ nkgD/ gfotko tb'A fJj ;[rks jkdsK d/ o{g ftZu

nekb g[oy B{z w'V e/ [eokBk ehsk.

fJj wBxVs fynkbh ejkDh BjhA ;r'A nZi s'A 300 e[ ;kb gfjbK

dh fiT{Adh-ikrdh kfjok dk;skB j?. ;ofjzd dh Xosh ns/ fJZe ekb/

-f;nkj fdB B/ S'NhnK fizdK d/ tZv/ ;ke/ nZyhA t/y/. go fi; bk;kBh s/

bkckBh p s/ kB Bkb wk;{w s/ w b{w ;:kd dh e?d s'A ibkd d/

;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s/ ;kfjp kd/ wksk r[ioh ih

22

wesb se rJ/. T[; B{z d' ijkBK ftZu Bk gfjbK ns/ Bk j[D se fe;/

B/ t/fynk j? ns/ Bk jh ;[fDnk j?.

fJ; gq;zr ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tZb'A nBzdg[o ;kfjp dh

Xosh SZvD s'A b? e/ wkShtkV/ ;kfjp sZe dhnK phshnK gzi ekbhnK

p'bQhnK oksK dh ekby s/ T[BQK oksK s'A pknd d/ fdBK dh pdB[wk

f;nkjh dk i/ nfj;k; dk fenk; f;oc ;[cB/ wkso jh eo fbnk ikt/

sK th ew 'o nkswk s/ fdb tkb/ wB[Zy sK t?;/ jh fJj dk;skB ;[BD

Bkb fybQK d/ wo{zv/ tKr u[o{zFw[o{z j' ikDr/.

gkfs kj-dot/ d;w/ -fgsk ;kfjp ;qh r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp

ns/ T[BQK d/ gfotko ns/ T[BQK d/ bkvb/ f;zxK s/ gfjbh oks

19 d;zpo, 1705 B{z T[d'A nkJh id'A d;t/A gkfs kj B{z nBzdg[o ;kfjp

dh Xosh SZvDh gJh. ;'u e/ t/yhJ/, ;kB{z nkgDk xo pdbDk g?

ikt/ ns/ nrbk xo fiZE/ ik e/ nkgDk ;k '-;kwkB oZyDk j't/ i/ T[j

th fd;dk j't/ sK th ;oho ezp T[mdk j?. fJE/ ejkDh ;hl nkgDh

fgnkoh nBzdg[oh B{z SZvD dh ns/ nZr/ Bk e'Jh o;sk ;h s/ Bk e'Jh

xo-xkN fd;dk ;h.

fJ; oks dh :kd B{z wB[Zysk bJh r[od[nkok gfotko ftS'Vk ;KG

e/ oZyh p?mk j?. fJj oks gfotko ftS'V/ dh ;h. fgZS/ fNZvh-db fiZvh

w[ykbc c"i, T[s'A w'jbkXko pko ns/ nZr/ e[dos dh eo'gh d/ o{g ftu

;o;k Bdh dk jVQ ;h. ni/jh oks B{z Gbk, i/ s{z iK w?A j[zd/ sK fuZNk Mzvk

uVQk e/ wk ø h w zr b? Ad /. go fJfsjk; e{e e{e e/ dZ;dk j ?

fe fJ; nefj ns/ n;fj gfotko ftS'V/ dh ;t/o B{z wo:kdk

nB[;ko g[o-;e{B ns/ KswJh sohe/ Bkb sVe;ko nk;k dh tko

dk gkm j'fJnk. c/o w'ouk pzdh j'Jh fiZE/ ykb;k gzE dh ip nkt

eh nkT[X fBdkB pB?, nfs jh oB w/A sp i{M wo'@ dh fotkfJs

p/nzs kB Bkb fBGh.

r[o{ d/ f;zxK B/ fgzv Bzrb ;o;k dh i{j ftu j'Jhl ;o;k Bdh dh

bVkJh ftu p/i'V izrh eosZp fdykJ/ ns/ w[rb c"iK B{z mZb gkT[D

bJh nkgDhnK ikBK e[opkB ehshnK. f;o;k Bdh d/ jVQ B/ r[o{ ;kfjp

23

d/ ihtB dh ;kfjs s/ ;fGnkuko dh ;/tk ;zGkb gqsh ehsh ouBk s/

;zefbs ehs/ ;kfjs ti'A 18 wD d/ eohp ;kfjs B{z nkgD/ Bkb jh o'VQ

fbnk. fJ; Bdh d/ jVQ B/ jh r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ykb;k gfotko B{z tZy tZy

XkoktK ftu tzv fdZsk.

gfjbh Xkok ftu ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih, tZv/ d' ;kfjp kd/

ns/ ukbh e[ d/ eohp f;zx ofj rJ/. fJj Xkok ;o;k Bdh B{z gko eoB

T[gozs fgzv e'Nbk fBjzr yK tZb B{z tXh. fJj ;ko/ ni'e/ r[od[nkok

GZmk ;kfjp d/ ;EkB s/ e[M fuo fenkw eoB s'A pknd v{zx/ jB/o/

uwe"o dh rVQh ftZu gjz[u/. d{ih Xkok ftZu wksk r[ioh s/ S'N/ ;kfjp kd/

;B ns/ fJj Xkok fgzv ;j/Vh okjhA w'fozvk s'A j[zdh j'Jh ;ofjzd gj[zuh.

fiZE/ fe ikpoK B/ w b{wK s/ wk;{w pZfunK s/ dkdh wK B{z jhd eoe/

wB[Zysk d/ Bkw s/ Bk fwND tkbk pdB[wk XZpk bkfJnk. shih Xkok

wksk ;[zdoh ih, wksk ;kfjp d/tK ih s/ GkJh wBh f;zx ;w/s e[M e[

f;zxK Bkb fdZbh ik gj[zuh. ;{owrsh dk fJfsjk; fJj j? fe ;{ophosk

d/ Bkb bVBk s/ woBk th gqtkB j?. go wk;{w, p/;jkok fizdK B{z sbtko

d/ xkN T[skoBk tor/ eJh nfij/ ;tkb jBl fiBQK s/ wB[Zysk sK eh

nrb/ ijkB d/ d/thFd/ts/ ns/ nekb g[oy th ;[D e/ jk-jk-eko eod/

jB. nfijk jh ;kek ;ofjzd dh Xosh B/ nZyhA t/fynk.

j[D gq;zr j?, d{ih ekbh p'bQh oks dk j? i' 20 d;zpo B{z uwe"o

;fjp dh rVQh B/ t/yh ns/ fJ; dh rtkjh ni'eh wB[Zysk B/ fdZsh.

;o;k dh bVkJh ftu GkJh i/sk ih ozxo/Nk s/ GkJh pfuZso f;zx BkrDh

poSh tkb/ ; {opho :'X / tor/ bkvb/ f; zx jhd j ' rJ/.

;hBk-p-;hBk fJfsjk; dZ;dk j? fe id'A b'ekJh jh BjhA, e[Zb ekfJBks

th ;"A ojh ;h sK d;w/ fgsk d/ ;kjwD/ nkgD/ d' tZv/ ;kfjp kfdnK

dk izr d/ w?dkB ftu :ehBB pbhdkB ;h. fJ; s'A th tZX, T[BQK d/

;kjwD/ nkgD/ ihtB dh ;G s'A tZvh ewkJh kb;k gzE d/ nBw'b

f;zxK ns/ gzi fgnkfonK dh nrbh ;t/o dh bVkJh ftu jhdh ;h.

d't/A ;kfjp kd/ r[o{ fgsk d/ fBZx/ fgnko dh Bdfo j/m ;"A oj/ ;B. go

T[j fdqVQ c?;bk eo u[e/ ;B fe nrbh ;t/o T[BQK B/ r[o{ fgsk d/ fw B

bJh i{M woBk j?. r[o{ fgnkfoU, nfijh ;h T[j poøkBh s/ mzvh oks 20

24

uwe"o dh izr ftu ;kfjp kdk nihs f;zx

d;zpo, 1705 dh, fi; ftu e"w d/ i[Mko{nK e'b ;"D bJh fp;so/ sZe

sK eh, sB s/ g{o/ eZgV/ th BjhA ;B ns/ i' eZgV/ ;oho s/ ;B T[j

f;o;k Bdh d/ gkDh ns/ T[go'A j' ojh po;ks Bkb sZoFpsZo ;B. T[BQK

wjK g[o K dhnK e[opkBhnK, jwksV ;kEh eh ;wM ;ed/ jKl fijV/

nZi fJBQK ;odhnK dhnK oksK B{z rd?b/ o kJhnK d/ Bkb ezpb bkT[Ad/

jB ns/ fco th nzrhmhnK bk e/ ;"Ad/ jK.

shih oks 21 d;zpo d/ fdB s'A pknd nkJh. ;kok fdB w[rb c"iK

ihn s'V e'f eodhnK ojhnK fe fet/A uwe"o dh rVQh dk w'ouk N[ZN/

s/ T[j fet/A fiZs d/ f;jo/ pzBD. go nkgD/ fJ; wB / ftu ;{opho

woihtV/ f;zxK dh pjkdoh ;kjwD/ w[rb c"i dk fNZvh db Bkekw

fojk. fJ; soQk shih oks th nrb/ fdB dh bVkJh dh ftT[Aspzdh ftu

jh bzxh. j[D d{ih oks Bkb'A th fes/ tX ;g N j' u[Zek ;h fe rVQh ftu

pu/ w"s d/ gqtkfBnK dh frDsh ;w/s d' tZv/ ;kfjp kd/ tX s'A tX 25

d/ eohp j't/rh. go pfbjko/ ikJhJ/! ;G f;zx fJe d{i/ s'A gfjbK w"s

bkVh B{z toB bJh sZsgo s/ fsnkoFpoFfsnko ;B.

22 d;zpo B{z u"Eh oks uwe"o ;kfjp dh d{i/ fdB dh bVkJh d/

f;nkj ekb/ fdB s'A pkd nkJh. fJ; oks sZe d;w/ -fgsk s'A d't/A tZv/

;kfjp kd/ jhdh gqkgs eoe/ ;dk bJh ftSV rJ/ ns/ nkgD/ g{iBhe

dkdk ih ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo dh r'd ftu ik fpoki/.

25

;kfjp kdk i[Mko f;zx uwe"o dh izr d/ w?dkB ftu

nkw s"o s/ fejk iKdk j? fe fdB T[ikb/ dk gqshe j[zdk j?. go fJj

fJe ni/jk fdB ;hl fi; B{z ekb; ns/ pdB[wk f;nkjh s'A fpBK e[M th

BjhA fwfbnk. fJ; dh fJfsjk; rtkjh fdzdk j?. y[d w[ bK d/ tkek-

Bth;K B/ fJ; sZE B{z wzfBnk s/ fbfynk j?. d;w/ fgsk B/ øoBkw/

ftu ;z;ko d/ fJ; n;zs[bs :[ZX dk f eo ehsk j? fe fJe gk;/ seohpB

40 f;zx ns/ d{i/ gk;/ w[ b ø"iK dk fNZvh-db fiZvk b eo ;h. fJ;

izr ftu r[o{ ;kfjp d/ puB ;tk bky ;/ J/e bVkT{A@ B{z ;kfjp kfdnK

s/ bkvb/ f;zxK B/ nkgDhnK jhdhnK d/ e/ nwbh ikwk gfjBkfJnk.

fJ; dh kjdh fJfsjk; B/ y[Zd uwe"o ;kfjp dh Xosh s/ Goh j?.

u"Eh oks dh rZb s[oh j? fe fet/A nkgD/ d't/A tZv/ ;kfjp kfdnK

;kfjp nihs f;zx ih ns/ ;kfjp i[Mko f;zx ih s/ gzi fgnkfonK ftu'A

fszB fgnkfonK ns/ u'Dt/A bkvb/ f;zxK dh jhdh s'A pknd nkg/ r[o

u/bk@ dk b'eszsoh ns/ gzukfJsh f;XKs goy dh e;tZNh T[Zs/ ufVQnk.

gzi f;zxK dh gzukfJs B/ c?;bk fdZsk fe i/ r[o{ j? sK kb;k fiT[Adk j?.

fJ; bJh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B{z rVQh SZvD dk j[ew ykb;k gzukfJs

tZb'A fdZsk frnk. fJZe gk;/ g[ZsoK s/ bkbK tor/ f;zxK dh jhdh j't/

26

s/ d{i/ gk;/ d[BhnK d/ nfs pjkdoh d/ o[sp/ s/ gj[zu/ r[o{ B{z izr Bk

bVB dk w tok j't/. c/o T[BQK B{z nkgD/ nehd/ dh nodk; ip nkt

eh nkT[X fBXkB pD?, nfs jh oB w? sp i{M wo'@ s'A jNk e/, GftZy d/

nDfd;d/ okj s/ s[oB dk j[ew j't/< fJ; oks B{z fiE/ fJj ;G e[M

j'fJnk j't/rkl T[; tes fezBh wkBf;e s/ fdwkrh esh bZrh j't/rh<

fJj fJB;kBh ;'u s'A go/o/ dh ftfEnk j?.

b'eszso dh gqDkbh dh [o{nks ykb;/ dh f;oiDk d/ o{g ftu ;zB

1699 d/ ft;kyh d/ fdjkV/ B{z nBzdg[o fty/ j'Jh s/ fJ; dh gfjbh goy

f;Zy e"w d/ gfjb/ r[ows/ d/ o{g ftu uwe"o ;kfjp dh rVQh ftu j'Jh.

nBzdg[o ;kfjp dh Xosh s/ id'A gzi fgnkfonK B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp

B/ d/ , Xow s/ e"w dh ykso nzfwqsgkB eotkfJnk ;h ns/ nkg gzi

fgnkfonK s'A nzfwqs SZe e/ nkg/ r[o u/bk dk f;XKs wB[Zysk B{z fdZsk ;h.

T[; tes id'A fe w p-U-fwZbs ns/ ksFgks s'A T[Zgo T[Zm e/

wB[Zysk d/ iwKdo{ jZe wB[Zysk dh nk kdh, wB[Zysk dh pokpoh ns/

wB[Zysk d/ nkg;h GkJhuko/ dh rZb f;oc j'Jh jh BjhA. ;r'A b'eszso d/

cb;c/ d/ gqsZy o{g ftu b'ekJh B/ do B th ehs/ ;B. fJj f;oc nZi

d/ ;wki dh Bkno/pk h iK rbs f;XKsK ns/ n;{bK ;pzXh rbs

fpnkBpk h ns/ NkjoK wkoB tkbh rZb BjhA ;h. fJ; b'eszso gqDkbh

d/ ;keko j'D dk gqsZy gqwkD 22 d;zpo, 1705 dh fJ; oks B{z uwe"o

;kfjp dh rVQh B/ nZyhA t/fynk.

fJfsjk; fco rtkj j'fJnk j? fe gkfs kj B/ fe;/ ;zrh-;kEh B{z

Bkb BjhA fbnk. e'Jh wdd BjhA bJh. f;oc fJe Gr"T[sh dk ;kE b?

e/, w[rbK d/ db ftu'A bzx/. u[Zg eoe/ BjhA! skVh wko e/ ns/ w[rbK dh

Gk k øko;h ftu fJj efj e/ fe fjzd dk gho uZfbnk j?. irs wzBdk j?

fe d;t/A fgsk x'V/ s/ BjhA uV/ ns/ Bzr/ g?ohA uwe"o ;kfjp dh rVQh s'A

fJ; bJh fBeb/ fe jhd f; zxK ns/ ;kfjp kfdnK dhnK

d/jK ns/ izr ftu y[bQ/ T[BQK d/ e/;K dh g?o bZrD eoe/ fes/ p/-ndph

Bk j' ikt/. w"i{dk r[od[nkok ;qh izv ;kfjp ns/ MkV ;kfjp d/ phnkpkB

ns/ ezfvnkb/ o;s/ okjhA poøkBh oks ftu wkShtkV/ sZe dk ;øo, eh

27

fe;/ th fJB;kBh o{j B{z pfjpb BjhA eo d/t/rk< fJj seohpB 25

feb'whNo dk ;co fiE/ fe j[D whB npkd j?, fgzv x[Zr t;d/ jB.

fiE/ {jK ftu dfonk phnkpkB izrb ;h, T[E/ j[D y[ jkbh s/ o' BhnK

dk wz o j?. i/ fe;/ B/ nB[wkB brkT[Dk j't/ fe T[j fezBh fGnkBe oks

j't/rh, e'Jh f;detkB j[D th fJj ;co eoe/ t/y ;edk j?.

fJ; pockBh oks dh fGnkBesk f;oc G"fse jh BjhA ;h. ;r'A

wkBf;e gy'A fJj oks j'o th p'Mb s/ Gko{ ;h. d[Bhnkdkoh d/ ekfJd/

nB[;ko nkgD/ ;kfjp kfdnK B{z tko e/ ns/ nDw'b jhd f;zxK dhnK

jhfonK torhnK fwqse d/jK ftu'A bzx e/ nkT[D dk fJZe fgsk d/ wB

T[Zs/ fezBk p'M j't/rk< T[; pjkdo :'X/ d/ wB T[Zs/ eh tkgoh j't/rh, i'

fe nkg pjkdoh d/ nzs fiZvk tZvk ;h ns/ fi; dh nodk; ;h nfs

jh oD w/A sp i{fM wo'@ ns/ j[D gzukfJsh j[ew d/ nXhB T[j nkgDh

nodk; ns/ fJokd/ s'A T[bN ub fojk ;hl feT[Afe gzukfJs B{z j[ew d/D

dk jZe T[BQK B/ y[Zd nkg fdZsk ;h.

fJ; fys/ dh u"Eh oks dk gfjbk nZX sK uwe"o dh rVQh B/

t/fynk s/ nZXh oks B{z uwe"o dh rVQh SZvD s'A pkd oks dk d{ik nZX

wkShtkV/ d/ phnpkB okj B/ t/fynk. fi; dk fe nfj;k; s/ f eo

no s'A co sZe fJbkjh ns/ d[fBnkth o{jK B{z sK eh gkgh o{jK B{z th

Mzi'V e/ oZy fdzdk j?. uwe"o ;kfjp dh izr j'Jh iK ;kek ;ofjzd j'fJnkl

d;t/A gkfs kj d/ ;kfjp kfdnK B/ ns/ bkbK tor/ f;zxK B/ r[o{ fgsk

d/ ykb;k yzE dh f;oiDk d/ nb"fee j'w-:Zr ftZu nkgDhnK f zdrhnK

dh nkj{sh gkJh.

T[gozs d;t/A gkfs kj B/ wkShtkV/ d/ phnkpkB izrb B{z rtkj eoe/

fwZso fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDk@ fJbkjh ozr okr ftZu efj e/,

nkgD/ nekb g[oy-fgsk dk [eokBk ehsk. T[d'A r[o{ ;kfjp dk iBw

fdjkVk ;h. ;' ;ZiD'! fJzi wBkJ/ rJ/ fJbkjh g[oyK d/ iBw fdjkV/ ns/

fJzi dot/ -gkfs kj B/ nkgD/ nekb g[oy fgsk dk [eokBk ehsk.

S'NhnK fizdK dk tZvk ;kek-S'NhnK fizdK dk tZvk ;kek-S'NhnK fizdK dk tZvk ;kek-S'NhnK fizdK dk tZvk ;kek-S'NhnK fizdK dk tZvk ;kek-

28

S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK dh jhdh

fJe j'o th nip s/ nDj'Dh gzithA oks 26 d;zpo, 1705 B{z fJ;

fyZs/ ftZu ;ofjzd dh Xosh s/ phsh. fi; dh rtkjh w"i{dk csfjrVQ

;kfjp dh Xosh dk uZgk-uZgk d/ fojk j?. ;kek uwe"o ;kfjp s'A gzi

fdBK pknd ;kek ;ofjzd j'fJnk. fi; B/ fJ; ijkB B{z jh BjhA ;r'A

nrb/ ijkB B{z th ezpk e/ oZy fdZsk. S'NhnK fizdK d/ tZv/ ;ke/ B/

fiZE/ fJ; d[BhnK ftZu soEZbh gkJh, T[ZE/ nrbh dorkfj ftZu th fJ;

dk soE'bk wfunk. fi; nB[;ko d;w/ -fgsk B/ w"i{dk bzwk iZN g[ok d/

izrbK ftZu B{o/ wkjh s'A fJ; ;ke/ dh ypo ;[D e/ ;fj-;[Gk jh fejkl j[D

ikpo w[rb oki dh iVQ g[ZNh rJh j?. r[o{ ;kfjp dk fJj nNbkXk puB

w[rb ;bsBs bJh pj[s S/sh jh d[BhnK B/ ;Zu j[zdk t/fynk.

;z;ko dk fJfsjk; r[nkj j? fe fco S/sh jh w[rb ;kwoki ysw j'

frnk. fJZE/ f eo j?, T[; gzithA oks dk id'A dkdh-wK wksk r[ioh ih

nkgD/ wk;{w g'fsnK ;kfjp 'okto f;zx ih ns/ ;kfjp csfj f;zx ih

dh ;[Zy bJhl fJZe gk;/ nekb g[oy nZr/ no 'JhnK eo oj/ ;B s/ d{i/

gk;/ pZfunK B{z Xow ftZu gogZe ofjD dhnK ;wM"shnK d/ oj/ ;B.

29

T[ZXo fdyD B{z S'NhnK fizdK go pkfpnK tor/ gogZe fB u/ tkb/ S'N/

;kfjp kd/ fJ; mzvh pockBh oks ftZu nkgDh dkdh wK B{z f;oc fBZx

jh BjhA d/ oj/ ;Bl ;r'A fJj Go';k th d/ oj/ ;B fe pqfjwzvh fB kw ;{oi

B{z nkgD/ X[o/ s'A T[ykV e/ fJZXo s'A T[Xo uVQk ;edk j?. go T[j nkgD/

r[o{ fgsk d/ dZ;/ okj s'A ed/ BjhA fEVeDr/.

fJ; oks dkdh s/ g'fsnK d/ ;kjwD/ nkgD/ gfotko ns/ bkvb/

f;zxK Bkb'A ftS'V/ dk ;ZbQ ;h ns/ nrb/ fdB jhdh :ehBh ;h. fJ; d/

Bkb jh dkdk r[o{ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo s'A b? e/ nkgD/ tZv/ thoK ns/

ykb;k gzE d/ jhdK dk pbhdkB T[BQK d/ wkBf;e fusogZN s/ ;h.

fJ; bJh wB[Zysk d/ uZb oj/ d"o/-d"oK ftu S'NhnK fizdK tZb'A tZv/

;ke/ eoB dh :kd csfjrVQ ;kfjp ;ofjzd dh Xosh B{z ni th j? fe

fet/A e"w s/ Xow bJh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ uko bys/ firoK ftu'A

S'N/ ;kfjp kd/ jhd 'okto f;zx s/ csfj f;zx s/ dkdh wksk r[ioh

ih B/ ipo s/ [bw d/ fybkc ;po s/ f;de dh bVkJh nkgDhnK fizdK

tko e/ fiZsh.

d;t/A gkfs kj dh nZy ftu'A Ngeh fJe ;tKsh p{zd-d;t/A gkfs kj dh nZy ftu'A Ngeh fJe ;tKsh p{zd-d;t/A gkfs kj dh nZy ftu'A Ngeh fJe ;tKsh p{zd-d;t/A gkfs kj dh nZy ftu'A Ngeh fJe ;tKsh p{zd-d;t/A gkfs kj dh nZy ftu'A Ngeh fJe ;tKsh p{zd-

y?o! bzw/ iZNg[o/ d/ ;EkB s/ okJ/ eZbk d/ ;/tkdko B{o/ wkjh s'A r[o{

;kfjp fJ; nfs d/ efjo dh ftfEnk ;[D e/ id'A r[o{ ;kfjp ;zrsK B{z

GkDk wzBD s/ Xhoi-Xotk; oZyD bJh efj oj/ ;B sK T[d'A jh nS'gb/

fij/ fJZe s/ f;oc fJZe jh nDw'b ;tKsh p{zd fijk jzM{ p/ ehwsh w'sh

pD e/ T[; B{oh gkfs kj dh B{okBh nZy d/ e'J/ B{z nDG'b fij/ T[bzx e/

Xosh s/ ik fvZrk. pqfjwzv dk f;skok ftfrnkB dZ;dk j? fe 27

Be ZsoK ftZu fJZe ;tKsh Be Zso j[zdk j?. gghjk fJZe gzSh j[zdk j?

fi; B{z ed/ fe;/ B/ gzShnK tKr u[zM okjhA gkDh ghAd/ BjhA t/fynk. t/

d-g[okDK ftZu fbfynk j? fe id'A gghjk nkgDh fuoekbh fgnk; B{z

p[MkT[D ykso nekb g[oy nZr/ e{edk j? sK i/ ;tKsh Be Zso dh

brB ;fEsh ftZu pko j' ikt/ sK gghj/ dh fgnk; fsqgs eoB bJh i'

p{zd T[; d/ rb/ ftZu T[sodh j?l T[; B{z ;tKsh p{zd fejk iKdk j?.

30

;' r[o{ ;kfjp dh nZy ftZu nkJ/ fJZe ;tKsh jzM{ dk e"se p/ Ze

;kvh ;wMD dh ;woZEk sK BjhA\ go i/ fJ; B{z ;kfjpK dh f zdrkBh

ns/ T[BQK d/ fw B d/ gq;zr ftZu bJhJ/ fe r[o{ ;kfjp B{z nefj s/ n;fj

ico ikbD/ gJ/. T[BQK B/ nkgD/ jZEhA nkgD/ ;ko/ gfotko dk ;kv/ bJh

;opz;dkB ehsk. nkgDh nZyhA nkgD/ firo d/ N[eV/ tZv/ ;kfjp kfdnK

s/ ;g{s :'X/ s/ ;{opho f;zxK dhnK p/fw;kb jkdsK t/yhnK.

nfij/ d[yKs d/ ;ZbQ dh fw;kb gqkuhB fJfsjk; d/ owkfJD ekb

ftZu th fwbdh j? fe id'A ;qh okw uzdo ih B/ n tw/X :Zr ehsk. T[;

;w/A T[BQK d/ fto[ZX T[BQK d/ g[ZsoK bt s/ e[ B/ nDikD/ s/ nDG'b s"o

s/ :[ZX ehsk. pknd ftu gsk bZrD s/ wksk ;hsk ih tb'A ehs/ rJ/

o[dB s/ nc;'; dk d[Zyl id'A Xosh wksk tb'A Bk ;w'fJnk frnk. T[d'A

fejk iKdk j? fe Xosh wK B{z nkgDk ;hBk gkV e/l ;hsk wksk B{z nkgD/

nzdo ;w'Dk fgnk ;h. p/ Ze w/ok fJj s;Zto nX{ok jh j't/. go e[M e[

;'Mh fJT[A jh g?Adh j? fe i/ fJj ;tKsh p{zd d;t/A gkfs kj dh nZy d/ e'J/

B{z jzM{ pD e/ Bk T[bzxdh s/ e"w dh nkswk B{z Bk mkodh sK wk;{whns

ns/ wk;{wK d/ esb dh ftZfEnk ;[D e/ Xosh wK ns/ T[; dh b'ekJh dk

eb/ik cN ikDk ;h. c/o fJ; G[ukb s/ b b/ dh eo'gh dk ibtk d/yD

s'A pknd e'Jh ftobk-NKtK jh jfoU-p{N puDk ;h.

go fe;/ B/ T[BQK B{z Bk ed/ o[dB eod/ t/fynk, Bk jh T[BQK dk t?okr

ftZu fe;/ B/ ed/ rbk Gfonk t/fynk ns/ Bk jh fe;/ B/ ed/ T[BQK dhnK

nZyK ftZu nZEo{ sZe/. ;r'A sbtzvh ;kp' fty/ id'A wksk ;[zdoh ih s/

wksk ;kfjp e"o ih B/ wksoh gq/w d/ gqtkj j/m r[o{ gsh s'A nkgD/ g[ZsoK

dh tkg;h dh wzr ehsh sK d;t/A gkfs kj B/ T[BQK B{z oZp dh o k ftu

ofj e/ GkDk wzBD dk T[gd/ fdZsk. T[BQK B/ GftZy ekb d/ fJe nfjw

B[esk-fBrkj tZb fJBQK pdK okjhA fJB g[soB e/ ;h; go pko dhJ/

;[s uko, uko w[J/ s' fenk j{nk ihts eJh j ko.@ tZb fXnkB

fdtkfJnk.

p/ Ze pqfjwzvh fB kw ftZu id'A oks pDh j't/rh sK T[d'A

esh-;o's B/ oks dk nzs eoB bJh fdB dk T[ikbk eoB dh ;'uh j't/

31

rh. oks pDkT[Dh fJ; bJh th o{oh j'Jh fe id'A ekdo dh e[dos d/

ihtK B{z nkokw dh b'V j't/ sK T[; bJh e'Jh ;wK doeko j'Dk ukjhdk

;h fe T[j nkokw dh BhAd ;"A ;eD. go e"wK d/ T[;oZJhnK d/ ihtB ftZu

gsk BjhA fezBhnK go/ kBhnK GohnK oksK nkJhnKl id'A T[BQK dk fBih

;[y-u?B e"w d/ ftek; dh pbh-p/dh s/ ufVQnk.

w[edh rZb! fJBQK ekbhnK, p'bQhnK oksK dk nefj s/ n;fj e N,

d;w/ -fgsk nkgD/ s/ ;jko rJ/ sK fe wB[Zysk dhnK T[d'A dhnK

ghVQhnK ni/jhnK ekbhnK-p'bQhnK oksK s'A Biks gk ;eD. r[o{ r'fpzd

;kfjp ih tb'A ykb;k f;oiDk ns/ T[; s'A pknd ;opz;dkB ns/ fco

T[BQK d/ ykb;k gzE tb'A ehshnK bk;kBh e[opkBhnK d/ ;Bw[Zy fJj jh

fejk ik ;edk j? fe pZ; d' tes jh w[ eb ;/ r[ o/, fJe s/o/ nkB/pZ; d' tes jh w[ eb ;/ r[ o/, fJe s/o/ nkB/pZ; d' tes jh w[ eb ;/ r[ o/, fJe s/o/ nkB/pZ; d' tes jh w[ eb ;/ r[ o/, fJe s/o/ nkB/pZ; d' tes jh w[ eb ;/ r[ o/, fJe s/o/ nkB/

;/ gfjb/, fJe s/o/ ikB/ e/ pknd@.;/ gfjb/, fJe s/o/ ikB/ e/ pknd@.;/ gfjb/, fJe s/o/ ikB/ e/ pknd@.;/ gfjb/, fJe s/o/ ikB/ e/ pknd@.;/ gfjb/, fJe s/o/ ikB/ e/ pknd@.

fJ; soQK ;kfjp r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'A pknd bzwk no;k pzdk

pjkdo d/ ;w/A s'A b? e/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk oki ;Ekfgs j'D sZe

f;Zy Xow d/ 90 ;kb Gkt seohpB fJe ;dh dk ;wK ekbh-p'bh bzwh

oks d/ o{g ftu phfsnk. fJ; oks dk fdB, fco fuoK pknd wjkokik

oDihs f;zx ih d/ jb/wh oki d/ o{g ftu j'fJnk.

fJ; s'A nZr/ ubF;'Fub d/ tosko/ dh y/v j'Jh. Bkwb/tk

fJeVFd[ZeV BjhA, ;?AeV/ BjhAl ;r'A j koK f;zxK s/ f;zxDhnK B/ fJe

s'A tZX fJe e[opkBhnK ehshnK. f;Zy Xow ftu ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih

s'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp se d/ ;w/A B/ Xow s/ d/ dh okyh bJh gsk

BjhA fezBhnK BhAd ftj{DhnK oksK dh kjdh fdZsh j?.

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih s'A ;opz;dkB s/ sgFfsnkr dh r[VQsh b? e/

e"w d/ ;zxo h s/ pbhdkBh :'fXnK B/ p/nzs oksK MkrhnK jB. ;kv/

e"wh fJfsjk; d/ fJ; gq;zr d/ pko/ fJj fezBk Y[edk j? fe šfBj[z tkb/

B?DK BhAdo eh$fdB/ oks T[j gJ/ tfjzd/@ fe;/ B/ pzd-pzd eNtkJ/, fe;/

B/ y'gohnK b[jkJhnK, eJh uoyVhnK s/ uVQ/, nkfonK Bkb uho/ rJ/,

T[pbdhnK d/rK ftu T[pkb/ rJ/, ;tk-;tk wD d/ gh;D/ gh; e/ yzBh-

yzBh o'Nh s/ r[ kok ehsk. pZfunK d/ N[efVnK d/ jko gtkJ/, nZr ftZu

32

f zdk ;kV/ rJ/, pZfunK d/ fdb-f ro w{zjK ftZu m';/ rJ/. go w[Zy s'A

;hn BjhA T[ukoh s/ f;Zyh e/;K ;tk;K Bkb fBGkJh ns/ fJ; soQK jhdh

rkB/ pzBQ e/ woihtfVnK B/ w"s B{z gqBkfJnk.

fJ; soQK fJBQK e[opkBhnK s'A T[gih f;ZyK dh ni'eh nodk; i' fe

r[o{ BkBe Bkw b/tk jo f;Zy r[o{ uoB pzdBK d/ s"o s/ jo o' eodk j?.

id'A izr d/ w?dkB ftZu T[so/ sK T[BQK B/ fgZm s/ tko j'D B{z Bw' h s/

ofwzdrh wzfBnK ns/ ;Bw[Zy j' e/ bVB-woB B{z kB ;wfMnk. nfij/

woihtfVnK B/ Bk fdB B{z u?B ehsk ns/ Bk oks B{z fBj[z tkb/ B?DK eh

BhAdo< fdB/ oks gJ/ tfjzd/@ nB[;ko fdB oks X[o s'A fwbh, wB[Zysk dh

;/tk fjZs fBozso ubd/ j'J/, fBozeko ftu'A T[gi/ ns/ fBozeko ftu jh

ik ;wkJ/.

;'uD tkbh rZb j? fe i/ nZi s'A seohpB 100 e[ ;kb gfjbK dh

rZb jh b? bJhJ/ sK Gkos dh nk kdh bJh bV oj/ i[Mko{nK ns/ jhd

Grs f;zx tor/ e"wh gotkfBnK dhnK e[opkBhnK i/ Bk j[zdhnK sK

n;hA Gkosh nZi nj[d/-o[sfpnK dh rZb sK d{o Gkos d/ tk;h ejkT[D

dk wkD th wfj;{; BjhA eo ;eDk ;h.

nfijhnK j;shnK d/ pfbjko/ feT[A Bk ikJhJ/< fJj fet/A j' ;edk

j?< fJBQK ekoBkfwnK d/ e[opkB? Bk ikJhJ/ sK dorkj ftu eh w{zj b? e/

iktKr/< ed/ ed/ eb:[Zrh gqGkt j/m fynkb T[gidk j? fe n?vhnK

tZvhnK e[opkBhnK s/ n?v/ tZv/ ;ke/ fet/A eo rJ/ T[j jhd< ni/jh

jkbs ftu fdwkrh ns/ wkBf;e d'BK soQK dhnK fJB;kBh e[tsK wo{zvk

j' iKdhnK jB. fenk;-nokJhnK s/ fynkb-T[vkohnK dk uZek ikw j'

iKdk j? ns/ ;'u dh rokoh d/ e[Zs/ c/bQ j' iKd/ jB. fco e'Jh i[nkp BjhA

n"VQdk.

nfij/ wkBf;e X[zdbe/ d/ ftu'A wB[Zyh ;'u dk fJzBk e[ w{zj-w[jKdok

fByodk j? fe ;Zu yzv ftu fJj gqtkBs pqfjwzvh o{jK bZyK nopK i{BK

G'r oj/ ;z;kohnK ns/ eb:[rhnK s'A fpbe[b nbZr j[zdhnK jB ns/

fJj pqfjwzvh o{jK jh j[zdhnK jB i' fe id'A fJ; ;z;ko ftu gkg dk xVQk

Go iKdk j?, T[d'A nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ dh o k ftu, d[BhnK B{z gkgK dh

33

frbkBh ftu'A eZYD bJhl ;Zu yzv s'A pqfjwzvh-y/v-bhbk eoB

nkT[AdhnK jB. nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{, nkg fJBQK gftZso s/ B/e o{jK B{z

;Zu yzv s'A fJe fw B d/ e/ G/idk j? ns/ fJj o{jK nkgD/ fwZE/ j'J/ co K

ns/ ekoBkfwnK B{z ;o-nzikw d/ e/, nekb g[oy dk [eokBk eodhnK

j'JhnK, fco ;Zu yzv ftu ik fpokidhnK jB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu fe; fe; pbhdkB ns/ jhd dk BK bJhJ/< r[o{nK

s'A b? e/ r[o{nK d/ ;kfjp kfdnK, r[o{nK d/ wfjbK ns/ j koK BjhA bZyK

jhfonK tor/ f;zx d/ ns/ e"w gqsh pbhdkB dh p/dh s/ j;d/ j;d/

jhdhnK gqkgs eo rJ/l fJBQK pjkdoK dk nkgDk db j?l fi; B{z jo

fJe ;zt/dB hb ns/ nB[Gth wB[Zy BZs-w;se f;Zidk eodk j'fJnk

g{oB t?okr ftZu efj T[Zmdk j?L

jT[ tkoh jT[ tkoD? e[opkD[ s/o/ Bkt B'..@jT[ tkoh jT[ tkoD? e[opkD[ s/o/ Bkt B'..@jT[ tkoh jT[ tkoD? e[opkD[ s/o/ Bkt B'..@jT[ tkoh jT[ tkoD? e[opkD[ s/o/ Bkt B'..@jT[ tkoh jT[ tkoD? e[opkD[ s/o/ Bkt B'..@

34

;ofjzd csfj d/ o' B fwBko/;ofjzd csfj d/ o' B fwBko/;ofjzd csfj d/ o' B fwBko/;ofjzd csfj d/ o' B fwBko/;ofjzd csfj d/ o' B fwBko/

csfjBkwk s/ øoBkwkcsfjBkwk s/ øoBkwkcsfjBkwk s/ øoBkwkcsfjBkwk s/ øoBkwkcsfjBkwk s/ øoBkwk

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp dhnK fJBQK d'B'A p/-B ho ouBktK dk

noE fiZs dk g?rkw j?. fJj csfjBkwk s/ coBkwk jh pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/ f;ZyK dh dorkj gqtkB 12 wJh 1710 B{z Gkos d/

fJfsjk; ftu ftd/ h j[ewokBK d/ fybkc gfjbh tko gqkgs j'Jh ;ofjzd

cfsj d/ o' B fwBko/ pD/.

csfjBkwk d;w/ fgsk B/ uwe"o dh izr s'A pknd fiZs dh fuZmh

d/ o{g ftu n"ozr /p B{z fbfynk ;h. dZf;nk iKdk j? fe fJj g? kw

wkShtkV/ fty/ fbfynk frnk feT[Afe fJ; ftu d' ;kfjp kfdnK dh

jhdh dk jh f eo j?. e[M e[ ftdtkBK dh okfJ j? fe csfjBkwk B{z bZbQ

ebK iK eB/u d/ ;EkB s/ fbfynk frnk. go gquZfbs ftuko fJj j? fe

fJ; B{z nkbwrho gj[zuD se fbfynk frnk. gNBk ;kfjp d/ wjzs

pkpk ;[w/o f;zx e'b fJ; ouBk ;pzXh ikDekoh T[gbpX ;h.

øoBkwk pko/ seohpB ;ko/ ftdtkB fJe wZs jB fe fJj nb"fee

o{jkBh ;zd/ n"ozr /p B{z dhBk eKrV dh Xosh s'A fgnko/ GkJh dfJnk

f;zx ns/ fgnko/ GkJh Xow f;zx okjhA nfjwd Bro G/fink frnk. fJ;

ftu uko/ ;kfjp kfdnK dh jhdh dk f eo j?.

dZf;nk iKdk j? fe d[ NFdwB ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ fJ;

;zd/ B{z gVQ e/ n"ozr /p dh o{j ezp T[Zmh. T[; B/ s[ozs kjh c[owkB

ikoh ehsk fe r[o{ ;kfjp B{z pj[s fJZ s s/ ;BwkB Bkb nfjwd Bro

fty/ w[bkeks bJh ;Zdk G/fink ikt/. r[o{ ;kfjp sbtzvh ;kp' s'A id'A

n"ozr /p B{z fwbD bJh otkBk j'J/ sK T[j jkb/ oki;EkB ftu px"o d/

;EkB s/ jh g[i/ ;B fe T[BQK B{z po fwbh fe n"ozr /p dk 20 cotoh

1707 B{z fdjKs j' u[Zek j?.

fJj d'B'A ouBktK [bw s/ ipo d/ fybkc ;po s/ f;de dh

fiZs dk ;[zdo gqrNktk jB. fJBQK ouBktK s'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s/

T[BQK d/ ykb;/ dh uVQdh ebk s/ jo w?dkB csfj dk fJfsjk;e

;p{s fwbdk j?.

35

fJBQK d'B'A ouBktK s'A gqsZy j[zdk j? fe d;t/A gkfs kj pkpk BkBe

s/ nkgD/ tv/o/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh vro T[s/ ubd/ j'J/l [bw s/ ipo d/

fybkc jZe s/ ;Zu dh bVkJh bV oj/ ;B. fJfsjk; fJ; B/eh s/ pdh dh

izr ftu d;w/ fgsk s/ T[BQK d/ ;ki/-fBtki/ ykb;/ dh fiZs dk u wdhd

rtkj j?.

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ to';kJ/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/

gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu jh BjhAl ;r'A Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu wfjw{d

r Bth d/ ;zB 1000 Jha s'A b? e/ 1710 sZe e[Zb 710 ;kb s'A pknd

gfjbh tko ;ofjzd cfsj d/ o{g ftu j[ewokB pkd kjh je{ws dhnK

iVQK fjbk fdZshnK. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh c"i ftu r[o{ d/ f;zxK s/

f;zxDhnK s'A fJbktk jo e"w s/ jo w Qp dk gzikph kfwb ;h. S'N/

;kfjp kfdnK tor/ w b{wK s/ p/d'f nK T[go Ykj/ rJ/ [bw s/ f;swK

fto[ZX T[Go/ o'j gqsh fJj b'e u/sBk dk fJBebkp ;h. fJ; soQK ;ofjzd

dh cfsj Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu n kdh dh gfjbh fBoDkiBe izr

pDh. fi; ftu r[o{ BkBe s'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx sZe iB esh d/ ;zuko

ti'A gfjbh tko skBk kjh skesK T[go b'e oki dh fiZs j'Jh.

fJ; b'e esh d/ gqEkfJ ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih B/

GzrkDh d/ :[ZX s'A pknd nkgD/ w[ykofpzd s'A fJj pd T[ukfonk ;h-

GJh ihs w/oh. feqgk ekb e/oh. oDz ihfs nkJ/. i:z rhs rkJ/..

36

ø o B k w kø o B k w kø o B k w kø o B k w kø o B k w k

;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ n"ozr /p pkd kj d/ BK i' fuZmh fbyh, T[j

øoBkwk BK eoe/ gqf;ZX j?. nkg ih gfjbK nekb B{z wzrbkuoD G/AN

eod/ jB.

p dp dp dp dp d

ewkfb eokwks ekfJw eohw

o k py ' okf e fojke[B ojhw.

nwK-py , pyf zdL U d;srho.

sk-py , o' h-fdj' fdb g ho.

fjB kfj {ph-fdj' ojBw{z.

fe p/ {B' p/u{z, u{z p/Bw{z.

B ;k ' B pk ' B ø "i " B øo .

[dktzd p f zdJ/ n? no .

ijK gke ipod;s, kfjo j{o.

T[ kwh-fdj' jwu{ jkf o j[ {o.

noEnoEnoEnoEnoE

(j/ gow/ o)\ s{z nb"fee eshnK

dk f;yo, jw/ K ofjD tkbk s/

feqgkb{ j?A. s{z y[ hnK py D tkbk,

fo edksk, w[esh-dksk ns/

ofjw eoB tkbk j?A.

s{z oB gJ/ dh bki oZyD tkbk,

py D tkbk ns/ (n"y t/b/) pKj

cVB tkbk j?A. s{z G[ZbK wkø eoB

tkbk, o' h dksk ns/ wB B{ z

fgnkok brD tkbk j?A.

s{z B/ehnK d/D tkbk, fjB kj

ns/ o;sk fdykT[D tkbk j?A. s{z

ozr o{g s'A ofjs ns/ p/fw;kb j?A.

fi; gk; e'Jh ;k ;wkB s/ ø "i

tr?ok Bk j't/, s{z T[;B{z th ; orh

nBzd py D-tkbk j?A.

;z;ko s'A fBob/g, ;kfyns o{g ns/

;woEk tkbk j?. T[j tfvnkJhnK

py D tkbk s/ jo EK w"i{d j?.

37

nsk p U gke gotodrko.

ojhw n;s' o' h fdj' jo fd:ko.

fe ;kfjp fd:ko n;s, nk w

n hw.

fe j[;B[biwkb n;s okf e

ojhw.

fe ;kfjp T{o n;s nkfi -

Btk .

ohp[b-gq;s', Bhw[b-r[dk .

ohns-gq;s' ø hbs-wnkp.

jehes- Bk;' BphT[b-feskp.

fe dkfB fg {j;s ;kfjp T{o.

jehes- Bk;;s[ kfjo j{o.

Bkf;zd-J/ fJfbfw nkbw [dkfJ.

e[ kfJzd L J/ ekfo nkbw e[ kfJ.

r[ kfozd L J/ ekfo nkbw epho.

Bkf;zd L J/ fJbfw nkbw nwho.

T[j gowkswk py K eoB tkbk,

gktB gftZso s/ gkbDjko j?. d:kb{

EK EK o' h gj[zukT[D tkbk j?.

T[j gowkswk d/;K d/;K dk tkbh

ns/ tZfvnK s'A th tZvk j?. T[j

;G s'A tZX ;[zdo, fo e-dksk ns/

ofjwsK eoB tkbk j?.

gowkswk gow ;'MhtkB j? ns/

fBwkfDnK B{z fBtkiD tkbk j?.

T[j nBkEK dk gkbe s/ d[ wDK

B{z y? eoB tkbk j?.

T[j Xow-gkbe s/ tfvnkJhnK dk

e/Ado j?. T[j sZs B{z ikBD tkbk

s/ Xow-rqzEK dk gqek s ;'wk j?.

T[j fBg[Dsk dk g[zi gqG{ frnkB

dk ukj[D tkbk j?. T[j ss t/sk

ns/ jo EK gqsZy j?.

T[j gqwkswk ;z;ko d/ ;G fJbwK

dk frnksk j?. T[j w[ ebK jZb

eoB tkbk noEks ;z;koe n"eVK

B{z d{o eoB tkbk j?.

T[j wjkB j;sh fJ; tZv/ ;z;ko d/

;ko/ ezw B{z ubkT[D tkbh j? ns/

T[; f o'wDh gqG{ B{z ;ko/ ;z;ko dk

frnkB j?.

38

wok fJnspko/ pohA e;w B/;s.

fe J/ d rtkj;s[ : dK :e/;s.

B eso L wok fJnspkfo po';s.

fe py h t dhtK, jwK fe p-

r';s.

e;/ e"fb e[onK e[Bd fJnspko.

jwk o"f nkf o, td wod ko.

j[wk ok e;/ ;k: L nk:d p /o.

po' d;s dkod B k / db/o.

e;/ g[ s T[øsd g;/ /fo Bo.

Brhod p[ ' w/ ' nkj{ r[ o.

p w[;jø e;w [ ø: L ro [odw/.

B :e rkw jw g/ n K p[odw/.

d/y fJe' fJe tkfjr[o{ ;kyh j?, w?B{z

s/oh fJ; e;w T[Zs/ e'Jh Go';k

BjhA.

w?B{z T[; T[Zs/ osk Go th Go';k

BjhA, fi; d/ py h s/ dhtkB

(noEks ;?fBe s/ n;?fBe

nfXekoh d't/A) ;ko/ jh M{m p'bD

tkb/ j'D.

i' nkdwh (s/oh) e[okB dh ;j[z T[s/

ft tk; eo bt/, T[j nzs B{z y[nko

j[zdk j?.

i/ e'Jh j[wk d/ goSkt/A EZb/ nk

frnk, T[; B{z eK jZE BjhA gk

;edk. Gkt fJj j? fe w/o/ f;o T[Zs/

gow/ o dk ;kfJnk j?.

i' e'Jh Bo /o dh oD b? b?Adk

j?,pZeoh, G/v ns/ fjoB nkfd T[;

d/ bkr/ dh th BjhA bzx ;ed/.

i/eo w?A e[okB dh e;w r[gs o{g

ftZu th ykXh j[zdh sK nkgDh EK

s'A fJZe edw th nZr/ Bk tXdk.

Gkt fJj fe s{z e;w yk e/ th T[;

T[Zs/ ekfJw BjhA fojk.

dk;skBdk;skBdk;skBdk;skBdk;skB

39

r[o;Bk L fu eko/ e[Bd fujb Bo.

fe dj be pok:d po{ p/ po.

fe g?wK f eB p/dozr nkwdzd.

w:K s/ ' sho' s[ ø zr nkwdzd.

p-bkukorh dofw:K nkwdw.

p-sdphfo sho' ewK nkwdw.

u{z eko n jwk L jhbs/ dor[ s.

jbkb n;s p[odB p w ho

d;s.

fu e;fw e[oK wB e[Bw

fJnfspko.

troB L s[ r'Jh, wB JhA oj fueko.

B-dkBw fe JhA wofd o'pkj g/u.

tro jofr Jh A oj B:kod

pj/u.

jo nK e; fe eT[b/ e[oK nk:d .

B ' p;sB' e[ sBh pk:d .

G[ZyD GkD/ ukbh nkdwh eh eo

;ed/ jB i/ T[BQK T[Zs/ nuBu/s

nDfrDs ø"i N[ZN gt/.

s/ok fJj puB Gzr eoB tkbk

b eo s/ , sho s/ pzd{eK b? e/

MN gN p/sjk k nk fgnk.

fJ; bJh w?B{z wip{oB izr d/ w?dkB

ftZu nkT[Dk fgnk ns/ sho ewkB

nkfd ;so n;so tosD/ gJ/.

id'A e'Jh ezw ;ko/ jhb/, T[gktK s'A

bzx ikt/ sK jZE ftZu sbtko

b?Dk ikfJ jh j?.

w?A j[D s/oh e[okB dh e;w dk eh

fJspko eoK. toBk s{zjhUA d;

w/ok fJ; bVkJh d/ okj Bkb eh

tk;sk.

fJj s/o/ nkdwh b{wV-ukbK ubD

tkb/ weko b'e jB. e'Jh j'o rZb

w?B{z J/; gk;/ BjhA ;h fbnk ;edh.

fijVk nkdwh s/oh e[okB dh ;j[z

T[Zs/ ft tk; eo bt/ T[;B{z e?d

ftu pzBDk iK wkoBk mhe BjhA.

40

pozfr wr; ;:kj-g' nkwdzd.

p L :e-pkorh do yo' nkwdzd.

jo nK e; f dhtko nkwd fpo{z.

p [odB :e/ sho [d ofe y{ z.

fe p/o{z B:kwd e;/ K dhtko.

B [odzd sho' B r szd ko.

u[ dhdw fe Bkjo fp:kwd pizr.

u hd L :e/ shfo wB p/dozr.

jwkf o r[o/ zd pikfJ w;kø.

p;/ ykBK [ozdd, p/o{ z r[ k ø.

fe nørkfB dhro p:kwd pizr.

u[ ;?fb otK jwu[ sho' s[czr.

s/oh ekbh g' ø "i wZyhnK tKr

nk gJh ns/ 'o wukT[Adh fJZe dw

N[ZN gJh.

i' th e'Jh dhtko dh UN s'A ok

pkjo nkfJnk, T[j fJe' sho yk e/

bj{ ftZu oe j' frnk.

fco T[; dhtko s'A e'Jh th pkjo

Bk nkfJnk. Bk T[BQK sho ykX/ s/

Bk jh y[nko j'J/.

id w?A Bkjo yK B{z w?dkB/ izr ftZu

nkfJnk t/fynk sK T[;B/ c"oB jh

w/o/ sho dk ;[nkd uZfynk, noEks

T[j sho yk e/ EK jh Yfj Y/oh j'

frnk.

nyho B{z T[j gmkD i' pkjo yV's/

/yhnK gJ/ wkod/ ;B, oDG{wh s'A

GZi rJ/.

fJ; fgS'A fJZe j'o gmkD s/ jVQ

tKr s/ sho s[czr (Gkt pzd{e dh

r'bh) tKr bVB bJh nZr/

nkfJnk ( kfJd fJj øop/r tb

;ze/s j?).

41

p;/ jwbk eodzd pwodkBrh.

jw n j' rh, jw f dhtkBrh.

p;/ jwbk eod' p;/ w [od.

d' e; ok piK e[ s[ jw iK ;[g[od.

fe nK kik wod{d ;k:LJ/ dhtko.

B:kwd p-w?dK p-wodkB L tko.

do/ k\ nro o{J/ T{ dhdw/.

p-:e sho bkuko p hdw/.

jwkf o p;/ yfw sho' s[ ø zr.

d' ;{J/ p;/ e[ s L [d p/dozr.

p;/ pko pkohd sho' s[ø zr.

f whA r s jwu{z r[b/ bkbk ozr.

;o'gkfJ nzp'j uzdK [dj.

fe w?dK g[o n r{ U u"rK [dj.

T[; B/ pjkdoh Bkb pj[s ;ko/ jwb/

ehs/. (e[M ;{M p{M Bkb e[M p/;wMh

Bkb)

T[; B/ eJh jZb/ ehs/ ns/ y[d th

pj[s ;ko/ cZN ykX/. T[; B/ d'

ifDnK B{z ikB'A wko fdZsk s/

nkyo nkg th nkgDh ikB d/ frnk.

T[j wod{d y [nkik øop /r

dhtko dh UN j/m jh fojk. pjkdoK

tKr w?dkB ftZu BjhA nkfJnk.

i/eo w?A T[;dk u/jok t/y b?Adk sK

fJe sho T[;B{z th py fdzdk.

Gkt T[;B{z gko p[bkT[D s'A j?.

nkyo shoK s/ pzd{eK d/ cZN yk yk

E'V/ fuo ftZu jh d'jK gkf;nK d/

pj[s ;ko/ nkdwh wko/ rJ/.

pzd{eK s/ shoK dh fJzBh toyk j'Jh

fe Xosh bj{ Bkb g';s d/ c[b

tKr bkb'-bkb j' rJh.

wko/ rJ/ pzfdnK d/ f;o-g?oK d/

fJT[A Y/o br rJ/ fit/A y/v dk

w?dkB fyZd' y{zvhnK Bkb Gfonk

j't/. (Gkt oD-G{wh ftZu f;o

fyd'nK tKr ns/ bZsK pkjK

y{zvhnK tKr fybohnK gJhnK

;B.)

42

sozekfo sho' sozfr ewK.

pokwd :e/ jk U j{ n ijK.

fdro 'of e?pfo ehBL e' .

f wodkfB wodK fpoz { oøs j' .

jw nkf o fu wodh e[Bd eko ko.

fe po fujb sB nk:d p/ [wko.

uokf ijK u{z [dL p[oen g' .

j/ p pokwd jwL ibtk i' .

jo nK e; pe"b/ e[oK nk:d .

fe : dK po' ojB[wk nk:d .

B g/uhdL w{J/ B ozihd L sB.

fe p/o{z [dkt[od d[ wB f eB.

BdkBw fe JhA wofd g?wK f eB.

fe d"bs gq;s;s' JhwK førB.

shoK s/ ewkBK dhnK NDekoK

Bkb b'eK ftZu uhe fujkVk g? frnk.

fJ; fgS'A wko{ pofSnK B/ fJ; soQK

rV pV wuk fdZsh fe tZv/ tZv/

;{ofwnK d/ th j' r[zw j' rJ/.

nkyo bVkJh ftZu fJebh

;{owrsh eh eo ;edh j?, i/eo

ukbh nkdwhnK T[Zs/ nDfrDs

ø"i Xktk p'b d/t/.

fi; t/b/ ;z;ko dk dhtk, ;{oi, v[p

frnk sK oks dk pkd kj, uzdowk

g{oh ;i Xi Bkb fBeb nkfJnk.

i' e'Jh e[okB dh ;j[z T[Zs/ Go';k

eo/ gowkswk T[;B{ z o;sk

ftykT[Adk jh j?.

Bk (n;kvk) osk tkb ftzrk j'fJnk

s/ Bk ;kv/ ;oho B{ z e'Jh yd

gj[zfunk feT[Afe Zso{-josk gow/

o B/ nkg ;kB{z (w[;hpsK ftZu'A)

eY fbnKdk.

w?B{z fJj gsk BjhA ;h fe fJj

fJeoko s'VB tkbk (n"ozr /p) Ne/

dk w[ohd j? s/ Xow JhwkB B{z go/

;[N d/D tkbk j?.

43

B JhwK gq;sh B n" kfJ dhA.

B kfjp Bkwh Bwjwd :ehA.

jo nK e; fe JhwK gq;sh e[Bd.

B g?wK [d , g/ ' g;sh e[Bd.

fe JhA wod ok Zoj fJnspko B/

;s.

fu e;w/ e[okB;s : dK :e/;s.

u[ e;w/ e[oK ;d e[Bd fJ fs:ko.

wok eso L Bk:d n ' fJnfspko.

nrofu s[ok fJnspko nkwd/.

ewo p;s L J/ g/ tko nkwd/ .

fe co ;s po ;o s[ok JhA ;[ B.

fe e"b/ [dk n;s e;w;s wB.

nro j os/ y[d f;skd td.

pikB' fdb/ eko tkf j td.

n"ozr /p ! Bk s{z dhB JhwkB T[s/

ekfJw j?A s/ Bk jh s{z oQk ohns

dk gkpzd j?A. Bk s?B{z gowkswk dh

gSkD j? ns/ Bk jh s/ok j os

w[jzwd T[Zs/ jh Go';k j?.

i' nkdwh Xow JhwkB T[s/ ubD

tkbk j[zdk j?, T[j edh ngD/

tknd/ s'A Nkb wN'b BjhA eodk.

fJ; nkdwh T[s/ w?B{z osk Go th

Go';k BjhA. fJ;d/ bJh e[okB dh

e;w ns/ s"jhd p/wknBh jB,

noEks fJ; d/ bJh fJj rZbK e[M

th noE BjhA oZydhnK.

Gkt/A s{z e[okB dhnK ;" e;wK th

ykt/A, w?B{z s/o/ T[s/ osk th fJspko

BjhA.

i/ s?B{z (gqwkswk ns/ e[okB ohø

T[s/) Go';k j[zdk sK s{z ewoe;k

eoe/ ;kwQD/ nk iKdk.

;' fJ; puB pko/ s/ok fJj co

pDdk j? fe s{z nkgD/ e"b eoko

ns/ e;w s/ ekfJw oj/A.

j/ n"ozr /p ! i/ s{z w/o/ ;kwQD/ j[zdk

sK ;koh jh rb g{oh soQK ;Zu/ fjod/

Bkb ;g N j' iKdh.

44

[wk ok u[ co ;s eko/ e[Bh.

pw{ip Bft s L [wko/ e[Bh.

Bft s L o;hd' pr[cs L pK.

fppk:dL fe JhA eko okjs o;K.

jw{ wod pk:d td ;[ Bto.

B f ew/ fdro do djkfB fdro.

fe ek h wok r[øs p/o{ z B:w.

nro ok;sh [d fp:koh edw.

s[ok ro fppk:d nK e"b/ e[oK.

pfB d/ [wk ok, o;kBw jwK.

fe s ohø do e;pL eKrV e[Bd.

t K g; w[bkeks pkjw td.

B ZoL dohA okj soL s[ok;s.

jwL e"fw p?okV j[efw wok;s.

fp:k sk ;[ B [d pkBh e[B/w.

po{J/ [wk fwjopkBh e[B/w.

fJj s/ok co pDdk j? fe s{z

nkgD/ fby/ nB[;ko nwb eo/A.

s/ok fbfynk j'fJnk gZso ns/

pkBh ;[B/jk w?B{z gj[zfunk. s?B{z

ukjhdk j? fe j[D s{z fJ; ezw B{z

mhe soQK f;o/ ukVQ d/t/A.

wod B{z ukjhdk j? fe T[j puBK

dk g{ok j't/. fJj mhe BjhA fe

fdb ftZu j'o s/ w{zj ftZu e[M j'o

j't/.

i' e[M s/o/ ek h B/ w?B{z fejk j?, w?A

T[;s'A pkjo BjhA. i/ s{z ;ukJh T[s/

j?A sK s{z y[d ;kv/ gk; nk.

i/ s{z T[j e;wBkwk t/yDk ukj[zdk

j?A sK w?A T[j th s?B{z G/i ;edk jK.

i/ s{z eKrV Bro ftZu s ohc b?

nkt/A sK fJ; T[gozs nkgDh

w[bkeks j' ;e/rh.

s?B{z J/; o;s/ nkT[D ftZu e'Jh

ysok BjhA feT[Afe fJ; fJbke/

ftZu t;D tkbh ;koh p?okV e"w

w/o/ j[ew ftZu j?.

s{z fJE/ eKrV e;p/ ftZu nk ik

skfe n;hA nkjw' ;kjwD/ j',

pkBh rb pks eo bJhJ/.

45

i/ s{z ;Zuk y[dk-gq;s j?A sK w/oh

dZ;h fJ; rZb ftu osk th fYb

BjhA eo/Ark.

s?B{z ukjhdk j? fe s{z ;Zu/ oZp B{z

gSkD/A ns/ fe;/ d/ efjD s/ fe;/

T[Zs/ [bw Bk eo/A.

s{z gks kjh dh rZdh T[Zs/ p?mk j?A

s/ b'eK dk ;odko j?A. fJj s/ohnK

f;csK s/ fJj s/ok fBnK ! nihp

i/jh rZb j? !!

s/ok fJj fJB;kc s/ s/oh fJj Xow-

gkbDk nB'yh i/jh j?. s/oh fJ;

;odkoh T[Zs/ nø;'; j?, ;" tkoh

nø; '; j ?.

s/oh fJj goj/ rkoh th pVh nihp

j?. (fJj ;wM b? fe) ;funkJh s'A

T[bN j'o rZb eoB ftZu B[e;kB

jh B[e;kB j?.

s{z fe;/ T[Zs/ p/-feoe j' e/ sbtko

Bk ubk feT[Afe s/ok bj{ th ?ph

esh B/ (ekb dh) s/ Bkb

thNDk j?.

j/ n"ozr /p ! s{z nt/;bk Bk j'.

gowkswk dh gSkD eo. T[j pVk

p/ gotkj j?. T[; B{z fe;/ y[ kwd

dh b'V BjhA.

nro s{ p: dK gq;sh e[Bh.

pekfo wok JhA B ;[;sh e[Bh.

fppk:d fe : dK Bk;h e[Bh.

B r[ øsL e;/ e; ok h e[Bh.

s{ w;Bd B hA ;oto/ ekfJBks .

fe nipn;s fJB;kø JhA jw

f; ø ks.

fe nip n;s fJB;k ø ' dh A

gotoh.

fe j? ø n;s ;d j? ø JhA ;otoh.

fe nip;s nip;s setk [wK.

p [i ok;sh ;[ B r[ øsB :K.

w B s/ po {fB e; p/do/ .

s[ok Bh { z uo o/ d pL s/ .

s { kf øb w " wod : dK Bk;.

fe T{ p/ fB:k n;s T{ p/f;gk;.

46

T[j gowkswk pVk fBoG? j? s/ no

co dk tkbh ;Zuk gkfs kj j?.

T[j gqG{ Xosh s/ nek K dk wkfbe

j?. T[j ;G dk f;oiDjko j?.

T[j ehVh s'A b? e/ jkEh sZe dh

gkbDk eodk j?. T[j fBskfDnK

dk skD ns/ rkøbK B{z B N eoB

tkbk j?.

T[; dk BK rohp fBtk j?. T[;

B{z fe;/ dh y[ kwd dh b'V BjhA

T[j pVk p/gqtkj j?.

T[; gowkswk B{z e'Jh nXhB BjhA

eo ;edk ns/ Bk e'Jh T[; tork

j? jh, T[j ;G B{z f;ZX/ o;s/ gkT[D

tkbk j?.

s/o/ f;o T[Zs/ e[okB dh e;w dk

co (bkr{) j?, nkgD/ nky/ j'J/ ezw

B{z Gbh goeko g{fonK eo.

s?B{z ukjhdk j? fe s{z f;nkDg s'A

ezw bt/A s/ nkgD/ ezw B{z g{oh

seVkJh Bkb eo/A.

fe T{ p/w[jkp;s kjkfB kj.

whB' wK ;ZuL J/ gkfs kj.

[dktzfd Jh d whB' wK.

e[fBzdn;s jo e; wehB' weK.

jw n gZfo w'oL jw n ghbsB.

fe n k fi Bt k ;s ' k f ø b

f eB.

fe T{ ok u[ fJ;w;s nkfi

Btk .

fe T{ p/-f;gk; n;s T{ p/-

fB:k .

fe T{ p/fBr{z n;s T{ p/ fur{z.

fe T{ ojB[wk j;s T{ ojBw{.

fe po ;o s[ok øo e;fw e[oK.

pr[øsL [wk eko {ph o;K.

fppk:d s{ dkfB gq;sh e[Bh.

peko/ [wk uhoL- d;sh e[Bh.

47

eh j'fJnk i/ w/o/ uko pZu/ wko/

rJ/. ni/ sK e[zvbhdko G[Mzrh

(Gkt ykb;k) pkeh j?.

uzfrnkfVnK B{z p[MkT[D ftZu

s/oh eh pjkdoh j? id fe s{z fJe

gouzv itkbk B{z j'o GVek fojk

j?A.

wB'jo pbK tkb/ føod";h eth B/

fezBk uzrk nkfynk j? fe ekjbh

eoBk ?skB dk ezw j?.

id edh s[;hA ;kv/ gk; nkU. T[;/

fdB s'A s[;hA nkgD/ rtkj nkg

pD ikT[r/ . Gkt s[jkB{z ;ZukJh

gosZy j' ikt/rh .

(i/ s{z ;Zu dh UN b?e/) fJ; B/e

ezw bJh bZe pzBQ bt/A sK gowkswk

s?B { z fJ;dk B/e cb

d/t/rk.

i/ s{z fJj rb G[bk d/t/Ark sK

tkfjr[o{ s?B{ z th G[bk d/t/rk

noEks T[;dh feogk s'A s{z th

tKfMnk ofj ikt/Ark.

;funkJh s/ ubDk B/eh ns/ Xow

dk ezw j?. i/ s{z oZp B{z gSkD/A sK

s{z fJ; s'A th tX/o/ ;q/ N j't/A.

fujk [d fe u{z pZurK e[ sL uko.

fe pkeh pwKd;s g/uhdL wko.

fu wodh fe n ro w' K e[Bh.

fe nkfs dwK ok øo' K e[Bh.

fu y [ r [ øs f øod "f;J / [ [pK.

f skph ptd ekfo nkjowBK.

fe wk pkorfj j os nk:d [wk.

n k o pk d kfjd [wk

nro ekfo JhA po s{ p;sh ewo.

[dktzd pk d s[ok pjoL- to.

troBL s{ JhA ok øokw[ e[Bd.

s[ok jw øokw' : dK e[Bd.

fe JhA eko B/e n;s' dhA gotoh.

u[ : dK Bk;h piK posoh.

48

w?A fJj BjhA wzBdk fe s{z y[dk B{z

gSkBD tkbk j?A, feT[A i' s/o/ s'A

nB/eK fdb d[ykT[D tkb/ ezw j'J/

jB.

feogkb { gow / o s ?B { z Bjh A

gSkDdk, s/oh tZvh d"bs s/

gks kjh d/ pkti{d th T[j s?B{z

BjhA ukj[zdk.

i/ s{z e[okB ohc dhnK ;" e;wK

th ykt/A sK w?B{z T[BQK T[Zs/ osk Go

th fJspko BjhA.

Bk w?A s/o/ e'b nktKrk ns/ Bk jh

fJj o;sk XkoB eoKrk. fiE/

fjB kj gow/ o B/ ukfjnk w?A T[E/

iktKrk.

j/ n"ozr /p ! s{z kjK dk kj s/

GkrtkB j?A ns/ gqpzX ftu j[f nko

s/ kj-;tko th j?A.

s{z nkgDh f;nkDg d/ Yzr Bkb

ns/ sbtko d/ 'o Bkb d/ ns/

s/ dk XBh j?A.

j/ n"ozr /p ! s{z ;'jDk, ;z[do s/

f;nkDk th j?A. s{z w[be dk pkd kj

ns/ jkewK dk ;odko th j?A.

s[ok wB BdkBw fe : dK- Bk;.

ponkwd f s{ ekojk fdb- ok .

Bk;d jwhA s{ B : dK eohw.

B kjd jwhA s{ pd"bs n hw.

nro ;d e[oK ok p [odh e;w.

wok fJnspko/ B JhA ZoL dw.

j[ {oh B nk:w B JhA oj tw.

nro j p kjd wB nK ik otw.

[ kfj kjkB n"o zr /p.

fe ukbke d;s{o ukp[e oe/p.

pL soshp dkfB pL sdpho

s / .

[dktzd/ d/r' [dktzd/ s/ .

fe j[;B[biwkb n;s' o" B who.

[dktzfd w[be n;s ;kfjp nwho.

49

s{z f;nkDk s/ ;[zdo th j?A. s{z wkbe

j?A ns/ wkb d"bs dk py D tkbk

th j?A.

s{z pyf (dkB eoB) ftZu tZvk

j?A s/ izr ftZu gjkV tKr nv'b

ofjD tkbk j?A. s{z cfo fsnK d/

r[DK tkbk s/ T[Zuh kB tkbk j?A.

(go) j/ n"ozr /p ! Gkt/A s{z d[BhnK

dk fjB kj s/ ;w/A dk jkew th

j?A go s{z ;Zu/ Xow s'A pj[s d{o j?A.

w?A p[s gq;s gjkVh okfinK B{z wko

w[ekfJnk j? feT[A i' T[j p[sK d/

T[gk;e jB ns/ w?A p[sK B{z s'fVnk

j?.

s{z fJ; p/-tck wkB/ dk uZeo sK

t/y, fJj fi; fgZS/ th g?Adk j?, T[;

B{z B[e;kB gj[zukT[Adk j?.

s{z T[; gftZso gow/ o dh nB'yh

esh B{z t/y i' fJe fJe nkdwh

s'A bZyK B{z wotk d/Adk j?.

id d';s (oZp) fwjopkB j't/ sK

d[ wD eh eo ;edk j? ! T[;

pyf zd tkfjr[o{ dk ezw jh pyf

eoBk j?.

fe o" B who n;s' j[;B[biwkb.

[dktzd p f zdL J/ w[be' wkb.

pL p f epho n;s' do izr e'j.

wbkfJe f;øs u{z ;[oZ:k f e'j.

jB kfj n"ozr /p nkbwhA.

fe dkokfJ d"o n;s[ d{on;s dhA.

wBw e[ sL nw e'fj:K p[s gq;s.

fe nK p[s-gq;szd' wB p[s-

f e;s.

pphA rofd / p/-tøkJ/ wK.

g;/ g[ s T[ øsd o;kBd f :K.

pphA e[dos/ B/e : dkfB gke.

fe n :e pdj be o;kBd

jbke.

fu d[ wB e[Bd fwjopK n;s

d';s.

fe p f zdrh ekfo p f zdL U;s.

50

T[j tkfjr[o{ w[eshdksk ns/ ;Zuk

okj fdykT[D tkbk j?. T[; dh

gftZso ks jh b'eK dhnK o;BK

B{z f;øs ;Bk ns/ r[D-rkfJB tb

gq/odh j?.

T[j gow/ o d[ wDK B{ z w"e/ s/

nzfBQnK eo d/Adk j? s/ nBkEK B{z

fpBK fe;/ e N d/ eZY b? iKdk j?.

fijVk nkdwh ;funkJh s/ j[zdk

j?, feogkb{ tkfjr[o{ T[; T[Zs/

pyf eodk j?.

i/ e'Jh sB'A wB'A tkfjr[o{ dh oD

ftZu nk iKdk j?, T[j T[; B{z

nkgDh oZfynk ftZu b? b?Adk j?.

fi; T[s/ gow/ o nkg feogk eo/,

T[; Bkb t?oh eh X'yk eo ;edk

j?<

i/ fJeZb/ pzd/ T[Zs/ bZyK nkdwh

uVQ nkT[D sK f;oiDjko tkfjr[o{

nkg T[; dk oytkbk pDdk j?.

i/ s/oh B o nkgDhnK c"iK s/ d"bs

y kfBnK T[Zs/ j? sK ;kvh fBrkj

T[; nekbg[oy d/ [eokB/ tb j?.

fojkJh fdj' ojB[wkJh fdjd.

[pK ok pL f;øs nk BkJh fdjd.

y;w ok u[ e'o T{ e[Bd tefs eko.

:shwK fpo{z w/ p[od p/-n ko.

joKe; fe U ok;spk h e[Bd.

ojhw/ po' ojw;k h e[Bd.

e;/ f dws nk:d p;/ ebp' iK.

y[dktzd p hd po t? nwK.

fu d[ wB poK jhbL-;k h e[Bd.

fe po t? [dk ojw;k h e[Bd.

nro :e pok:d dj' dj-j ko.

fBrjpkB T{ ok td feodrko.

s[ok ro B o j;s b eo t o.

fe wkok fBrkj n;s : dK [eo.

51

T[; n"ozr /p pkd kj B{z sK nkgD/

oki Gkr s/ XB d"bs dk x[wzv

j?. ;kB{z nkgD/ nekb g[oy dhnK

oZyK jB.

s{z fJ; jehes s'A nt/;bk Bk j',

fJj d[BhnK uko fdBK dh ;oK j?,

fJj irs EkT[A EkJhA ubdk ik

fojk j?.

fJ; p/tck ekb-uZeo tb t/y.

fJ; dk tko ;z;ko dh jo uh T[go

ntZ j[zdk j?.

i/ s{z seVk ikpo th j?A sK rohpK

B{z Bk ;sk ns/ nkgDh ykXh e;w

B{z s/;/ Bkb Bk fSb noEks s{z

nkgDk puB Gzr B eo.

i/ oZp d';s j't/ sK d[ wD eh

ftrkV ;edk j?, Gkt/A T[j ;" r[DK

t?o th eo/.

i/ t?oh j koK d[ wDhnK th eo/

sK T[; dk tkb ftzrk th BjhA eo

;edk.

fe T{ ok [o{o n;s po w[be' wkb.

t wk ok gBkj n;s : dK nekb.

s[ kf øb w " h A f;gzih ;okfJ.

fe nkbw pr[ od ;o/ ik pikfJ.

pphA rofdf p/tøkJ/ wK.

fe po jo pr[ od wehB' weK.

s{ ro ipo nkfi ok h we[B.

e;w ok pL s/ jL sok h we[B.

u[ jZe :ko pk d fu d[ wB e[Bd.

nro d[ wBh ok p;d sB e[Bd.

;w d[ wBh ro j ko nkt[od.

B :e w{fJ T{ ok n ko nkt[od.

52

fwZso fgnko/ Bz{aaa

d;t/A gkfs kj dh fwZso fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDkfwZso fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDkfwZso fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDkfwZso fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDkfwZso fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDk dh

;Zd wkShtkV/ d/ izrbK ftu fJT[A r{zih fe dorkfj ftZu p?m/ oZp dk

f;zxk;B th fjb frnk.

uwe"o dh rVQh ftu ykb;k gzukfJs dk c?;bk f;o-wZE/ gqtkB

eoB T[gozs d;w/ fgsk B/ ;ZgK s/ y{zyko izrbh ihtK Bz{ jwokj eoe/

wkShtkV/ d/ izrbK ftu g[Zi/. ezfvnkb/ s/ nDikD/ o;s/ d/ ezfvnK s/

;{bK B/ T[BQK d/ ;oho B{z bj{-b[jkD eo fdZsk. r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fJe gk;/

nefj wkBf;e ghVQk s/ d{i/ gk;/ ;ohoe e NK B{z sft gq;kfd efj e/

ep{b ehsk. T[BQK nefj s/ n;fj e NK dh jkbs ftu th d;t/A gkfs kj

B/ nekb g[oy fgsk dk [eokBk ehsk.

fJ; fdB r[o{ ;kfjp dk 39tK iBw fdt; th ;h. id'A fe T[BQK d/

bys/ firo uko ;kfjp kfdnK B/ nkgD/ r[o-fgsk tZb'A d/ s/ Xow

dh okyh bJh [o{ ehs/ ;zrokw s/ B/e fw B bJh nkgDhnK ehwsh fizdK

tko e/ T[BQK B{z Bk:kp s'jck fdZsk ns/ d{i/ gk;/ r[o{-fgsk B/ nkgD/

gfotko dk B okBk jkdsK d/ o{g ftZu w'V e/ nekb g[oy dk [eokBk

ehsk.

53

;opz; dkBh ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ wkShtkV/ d/ phnkpkB

izrb ftu p?m e/ nkgD/ gow fgsk gqwkswk Bkb i' ;Zd o{gh ;ztkd

ofunk j?l fJj ;kfjs d/ fJfsjk; ftu fJe bk;kBh s/ ftbyD ouBk

dk ;EkB oydk j?. fJe gk;/ nefj s/ n;fj ;ohoe s/ wkBf;e ghV j?

ns/ d{i/ gk;/ gkfs kj d/ fynkb ftu [eokB/ s/ g[o;e{B nfXnksfwe

nt;Ek dh p[bzdh j?/. d;w/ fgsk B/ nekb g[oy tkfjr[o{ Bz{ w[ykfsp

j' e/ nkgD/ w[yko fpzd s'A fJj T[ukfonk-

fwsq fgnko/ B{z jkb w[ohdK dk efjDk.

s[X fpB o'r[ oikJhnK dk UYD[,

Bkr fBtk;K dk ofjDk.

;{b ;[okjh yzio fgnkbk,

fpzr[ e;kJhnK dk ;fjDk.

:koV/ dk ;kB{z ;Eo uzrk Gm[ y/fVnK dk ofjDk.@

fynkb gkfs kjh d;thA

54

wjkB r[o{ dk wjkB pzdk

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ ;kfjp/-ewkb, ;opz;dkBh ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx ih dh nfs-eoVh eZ;tNh s'A bzx e/, i[rs-w[es dk gKXh j' e/

9 i{B, 1716 B{z ;z;kfoe pzXBK B{z s'Vd/ j'J/, T[Zu wzvbK s'A th gko

pqfjwzvh o{jK d/ fBtk; ;Zuyzv bJh T[vkD Goh ns/ wjkB r[o{ dk

wjkB pzdk j'D dk wB[Zysk s'A wkD jk;b ehsk.

jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ fJ; wjkB jhdh ;ke/ B/ fJfsjk;

dhnK w[ZY-edhwh jhdhnK s'A b? e/ j[D sZe dhnK jhdhnK ftu fJe

;[Bfjok pkp ofunk. fJBQK jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK e[opkBhnK dh ebgBk

wkso Bkb jh ;kv/ torhnK gko/ tKr ezpdhnK, n;fEo o{jK, vZp-

vpkJhnK nZyK Bkb wB[Zyh jT[w?A dk eVQ s'V e/, fJBQK wjkB jhdK

dhnK e[opkBhnK B{z BZs-w;sZe j[zdhnK j'JhnK, X[o-nzdo s'A ep{bdhnK

ojhnK jB. T[j w?A BjhA T[j s{z BjhA. T[j sK, T[j g[o B{o jhd jh ;B

i' fe nekb g[oy dh XzBsk dk ekpb pD/.@ fJ; soQK T[BQK jhdK B{z

i[r'-i[r oXk g[ gKibh wkBtsk ;dk jh g/ eodh ojh j?.

55

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dk iBw 27 nes{po, 1670 JhL ftu izw{

d/ fJbke/ ftu oki"oh d/ B dhe fgzv sfjub f bQk g[zS ftu j'fJnk.

fJBQK d/ fgsk dk Bkw okw d/t ;h. i' fe y/shpkVh s/ g { gkbD dk ezw

eod/ ;B. pugB ftu fJe fdB f eko y/vd/ ;w/A bSwD d/t B/ fJe

fjoBh B{z wkfonk. T[; d/ g/N Bz{ ;kc eod/ ;w/A T[; dhnK nZyK d/ ;kjwD/

fjoBh d/ d' pZu/ sVc-sVc e/ wo rJ/. fJ; xNBk s'A pknd pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo wkBf;e gZy'A Xkofwe s/ fpoZes fpqsh tkb/ pD rJ/. j[D

sZe o?tfBT{ foekov ftu fJ; fgzv dk Bkw fjoBh fgzv ti'A jh nzfes j?.

T[; ;w/A pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh T[wo seohpB 15 ;kb ;h. fJj

nkgDk xo-pko SZv e/ ;kX{nK Bkb fwb rJ/. ;G s'A gfjbK fJj ikBeh

gq kd d/ u/b/ pD/. T[; s'A pknd okw EwD d/ ;EkB s/ e;{o ftu fJBQK

B/ p?okrh okw dk; B{z nkgDk r[o{ Xko fbnk. T[; ;w/A s'A fJj p?okrh

wkX' dk; Bkw Bkb w j{o j'J/. fJj p?okrh ;kX{nK d/ v/o/ Bkb jfod[nko

s/ fo he/ d/ fJbkfenK d/ GowD ;w/A gkT[ANk ;kfjp fty/ ;zB 1688 d/

eohp ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B{z th fwb/. fJ; s'A T[gozs ;ko/ tZv/

shoEK dh :ksok s'A pknd nkg ih B/ r'dktoh d/ ezY/ Bkf;e d/ B dhe

owkfJD ekb d/ owDhe izrb gzutNh fty/ v/ok bk fbnk. fJE/ fJBQK B/

BkE ;zgodkfJ d/ i'rh n"xV BkE B{z i'r ftfdnk bJh nkgDk r[o{

Xkfonk. i'rh n"xV BkE d/ d/jKs s'A pknd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/

Bkf;e dk v/ok SZv fdZsk. e[M ;wK f tkih wojZNk d/ oki ftu g/ tk

w'o'gzs dk w[Zy nzr oZfyne ofjD s'A pknd pzdk pjkdo B/ r'dktoh d/

feBko/ Bzd/V d/ ;EkB s/ gZek v/ok bk fbnk.

fJE/ jh 3 ;szpo 1708 B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp Bkb fJ; dh G/AN

j'Jh. id'A r[o{ d;w gkfs kjl fdZbh d/ pkd kj pjkdo kj Bkb dZyD

rJ/ sK sK pzdk f;zx pjkdo B{z fwb/. r[o{ ih dh u[zpeh y;hns s/

tkoskbkg dk fJ; T[go n?;k gqGkt fgnk fe fJj p?okrh ;kX{, r[o{ ih

dk pzdk Gkt ;/te pD frnk T[gozs r[o{ ih nkfrnk nB[;ko nzfwqs

SZe e/ r[opy f;zx dk Bkw XkoB eoe/ gzikp gj[zu/.

fJE/ d;t/A gkfs kj dh gq/oDk Bkb p?okrh wkX' dk; B/ nkgD/ nkg

B{z jw/ K bJh r[o{ d/ ;wofgs ehsk. p/ Ze fJ; dk Bkw e[M fJfsjk;ekoK

56

nB[;ko r[opy f;zx oZfynk frnk. go don;b fJ; dk Bkw r[o{ dk

pzdk Gkt pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo jh irs gqf;ZX j'fJnk j?. fJE'A jh fJ;

B/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ nk hotkd Bkb gzikp ftu w[rb je{ws tZb'A

j' oj/ [bw s/ ipo d/ fybkc phVk u[ZeD dk puB fdZsk.

fit/A fe ;z;ko gqf;ZX ;ZukJh j? fe fJfsjk; nkgD/ nkg B{z d[jokT[Adk

j?. fpbe[Zb fJ; soQK jh fJE/ fJj gqsZy ikgdk j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx

;kfjp dk pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B{z Bzd/V d/ B/V/ r'dktoh T[gd/

wjKGkos d/ w?dkB e[oe /so d/ rhsk T[gd/ Bkb j{-p-j{ w/b yKdk j?.

fJfsjk; B/ 5000 ;kb pknd ;ot ;woZE ;qh feq B ih wjkoki s/

eosZt gkbe wjkB :'X/ noiB B{z fco o{-p-o{ ehsk. fi; soQK p/fdb

j'J/ noiB B/ nkgDk XB[ pkD rzvht co wkso u[Ze fbnk. fpbe[b

fJ; soQK jh p?okrh ;kX{ bSwD dk; T[oc wkX' dk; B/ r[o{ dk j[ew

gqtkB eoe/ gzikp d/ w b{wK s/ p/;jkok bZyK b'eK s/ j' oj/ w[rb

;bsBs d/ nfjbekoK tZb'A j' oj/ nD;[D/ s/ nDej/ nZfsnkukoK

fto[ZX yzvk yVekfJnk.

fJE/ f eo:'r j? fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo Bzd/V s'A irkXoh e'b

w[yfb;rVQ d/ ;EkB s/ gj[zu/. Bzd/V s'A nkrok s/ fdZbh okjhA fJ; ;ko/

bzp/ o;s/ ftu T[BQK B/ w[Zy kj okj B{z BjhA ngDkfJnk ;r'A gquZfbs

okj B{z SZv e/ w[rbK d/ ;{jhnK s'A pud/-pukT[Ad/ fgzvK s/ BroK d/ vKv/-whAv/

o;fsnK B{z ngDkfJnk. fJ; ;ko/ bzw/ g?Av/ ftu b[pkDk f;zxK d/ sikosh

ekcfbnK B/ fJBQK f;zxK dh pj[s wdd ehsh. fJBQK ekcfbnK B{z tgkoe

NKv/ th fejk iKdk ;h. fJBQK d/ w[Zy iE/dkoK ftu'A GkJh Brkjhnk f;zx

ih ;Bl i' fe bZyh kj tDiko/ d/ ;g[Zso ;Bl fiBQK B/ fe r[o{ s/r

pjkdo gkfs kj d/ XV dk w"i{dk r[od[nkok oekprzi fdZbh d/ ;EkB

s/ nkgD/ xo B{z nZr bk e/ ;;eko ehsk ;h. T[gozs fJj GkJh Brkjhnk

ih jh ;B fiBQK B/ r[od[nkok nkbwrho d/ ;EkB s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx

;kfjp B{z d[pkok pj[s ;'jDk x'Vk dbf zrko nofgs ehsk feT[Afe

d;t/A gkfs kj dh ;tkoh dk gfjbk x'Vk db fpvko nBzdg[o d/ x/o/

;w/A uVQkJh eo frnk ;h.

fJE/ fJj th dZ;Dk :'r j? fe fJ; s'A gfjbK b[pkDk pokdoh d/ jh

57

GkJh wZyD kj b[pkDk B/ fdZbh fty/ nZmt/A gkfs kj ;qh r[o{ jfo

feq B ih d/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D ;w/A fd k-fBod/ w[skfpe r[o{ s/r

pjkdo gkfs kj B{z pkpk pekbk fty/ gqrN ehsk ;h. fJ; soQK b[pkDk

pokdoh B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[BQK d/ gzi iE/dko ;kEhnK pkpk

fpB'X f;zx s/ pkpk okw f;zx nkfd dh pknd ftu irkXoh d/ e'b pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo tb'A pDkJh rJh gfjbh f;Zy okiXkBh w[yfb;rVQ

sZe gj[zuD ftu pj[s wdd ehsh. b[pkDk f;zxK B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo d/ Bkb gzikp B{z nk oj/ iE/dkoK s/ f;zxK B{z nkgD/ tgkfoe

ekcfbnK dk o{g fdZsk. fJBQK tgkoe ekcfbnK B{z NKv/ iK tgkoh NKv/

fejk iKdk ;h.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh gzikp ftu gj[zu fJBQK w[rb ;bsBs s'A

y[chnk ojh. T[gozs b[pkDk f;zxK B/ s/ r[Zio pokdoh B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo dhnK ;kohnK w[fjzwK s/ bVkJhnK ftu b[pkD/ f;zxK s/ r[Zio

pokdoh d/ pjkdo ;{ophoK B/ T[BQK B{z tX uVQ e/ ;fj:'r fdZsk.

fJfsjk;eko gq'L ;[yfdnkb f;zx d/ nB[;ko ;G s'A gfjbK pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z fgzv f;jo yzvk fty/ ;zB 1708 d/ nyho

ftu T[ikro ehsk. fJj fgzv ;'Bhgs s/ o'jse d/ ftueko yoy'd/ fJbke/

ftu j?. fJBQK fgzvK ftu s{o r's d/ b'e f nkdk t;d/ ;B. fJE/ pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ nkgDk gfjbk e?Ag pDkfJnk s/ ;ko/ gzikp ftu

nkgDh nkwd pko/ fuZmhnK okjhA ikDekoh G/ih. T[; dhnK rshftXhnK

pko/ ;G s'A gfjbh fog'oN i' fe w[rb dopko B{z G/ih rJhl T[j 31

iBtoh 1709 dh j?.

1709 JhL ftu ;wkD/ s/ jwbk eoe/ ;wkD/ Bro B{z sfj;-Bfj;

eo fdZsk. fJ; dk w[Zy ekoB fJj ;h fe ;Z:d ibkb[dhB, r[o{ s/r

pjkdo ih dh jhdh ;w/A ibkd ;h ns/ T[; d/ Gok k b p/r s/ pk b

p/r r[o{ ;kfjp d/ S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK B{z esb eoB tkb/ ibkd ;B.

pkpk pzdk pjkdo B/ ;Y"o/ e;p/ B{z fJ; bJh T[ikfVnk feT[Afe gho p[X{

kj s/ T[; d/ g[ZsoK B{z esb eoB tkbk T[;wkB yK ;Y"o/ Bro dk ;h.

pzdk pjkdo dh nrtkJh ftu ;wkDk, ;Y"ok ns/ ;jkog[o se dk fJbkek

;'fXnk frnk. T[gozs pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ pB{V B{z cfsj eod/ j'J/

58

, ;ofjzd tZb B{z e{u ehsk.

;ofjzd d/ ;{p/dko t ho ykB dhnK c"iK Bkb pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

dh c"i dh NZeo 12 wJh, 1710 B{z SgV fMVh d/ ;EkB s/ j'Jh. SgV

fMVh B{z j[D ugV fuVh d/ Bkw Bkb ikfDnk iKdk j? s/ fJj uzvhrVQ s'A

seohpB 10-12 feb'whNo dh d{oh s/ bKvoK-;ofjzd ;Ve s/ tkfenk

j?. fJE/ pVh xw;kB dh izr j'Jh. fJ; izr ftu iE/dko pki f;zx B/

t ho yK s/ poS/ Bkb tko ehsk. fJj poSk t ho yK d/ x'V/ d/ wZE/

ftu tZfink. T[gozs t ho yK s/ T[; d/ nzr oZfyneK B/ pkpk pki

f;zx B{z x/o fbnk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ pkpk csfj f;zx s[ozs pki

f;zx dh wdd s/ gj[zu/. fJ; xw;kB ftu pkpk csfj f;zx B/ t ho yK

s/ fJzBk GotK tko ehsk fe T[j w'Y/ s'A b? e/ Sksh sZe uhfonk frnk.

fJ; soQK nzs ftu f;zxK d/ i' ns/ r[o{ xo d/ gqsh tckdkoh ns/

fgnko d/ ;kjwD/ ;{pk ;ofjzd dh fNZvh db fizBh c"i ;{p/dko t ho

ykB dh bkbs Goh w"s s'A pknd w?dkB SZv e/ GZi T[mh.

fJ; soQK wk;{w s/ fBod' ;kfjp kfdnK dk pdbk pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo s/ r[o{ d;t/A gkfs kj d/ f;zxK B/ ;ofjzd dh fJZN Bkb fJZN

yVek e/ fbnk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ fJ; fiZs dh fB kBh ti'A

fJe f;Zek th ubkfJnk fi; f;Ze/ T[s/ T[BQK B/ nkgDk Bkw BjhA

fbytkfJnk ;r' A fJj pd fby/, šf;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/

FJ / FB kBe tkfjp n;s csfj r'fpzd f;zx kj kjkB c bFJ/F;Zu

;kfjp n;s@ Gkt fJj f;Zek ;Zu/ gkfs kj dh fwjo ;dek ns/ r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx pkd kjK d/ pkd kj tb'A py h fiZs ;dek ikoh ehsk

frnk j?. fJ; d/ d{;o/ gk;/ fJj pd jB L opFpkFnwkBFT[bFdjo

w[;Ztos fjo hBsFT[bFs s w[pke pys@ Gkt fJj f;Zek nkdwh

d/ uzrh GkrhA s/ T[;dh py h j'Jh rZdh ;dek nwBFu?B d/ fjo s'A

ikoh j'fJnk j?. fJ; soQK jh pkpk pzdk pjkdo B/ kjh w'jo th pDkJh.

fi; T[go fco r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dh T[;sfs d/ j/m fby/

pd T[eo/ ;BL d/ FUFs/ FUFøsfjFUFB[;os p/dozr :køs n

BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx.@ Gkt w?B{z r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dh

fwjo ;dek d[fBnkth y kB/, fiZs dh sbtko ns/ skes fwbh j?.

59

;ofjzd dh cfsj s'A pknd T[BQK B/ ;ofjzd dk oki gqpzX pkpk pki f;zx

B{z ;"Ag fdZsk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo rohpK ns/ yk; s"o s/ rohp

fe;kBK dh w;hjk pD/. T[BQK B/ f zwhdkoh f;;Nw ysw eoe/ whBK

ek sekoK ns/ S'N/ fe;kBK ftu tzv fdZshnK.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ;ofjzd d/ ;{p/dko t ho ykB d/ bJh jh

BjhA ;r'A w[rb pkd kj pjkdo kj bJh th tZvk ysok ;wfMnk ikD

bZr fgnk ;h. fJj ekoB jh ;h fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo fiE/ fes/ th

rJ/, fdZbh sZe dh w[rb c"i B/ T[BQK dk fgZSk ehsk. fJE'A sZe fe

w[yfb;rVQ d/ ;EkB s/ pkd kj pjkdo kj B{z nkg pzdk pjkdo s/

jwbk eoBk fgnk. go pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo BkjB dhnK gjkVhnK

ftu'A dh r[ohbk c"i d/ s"o-sohfenK Bkb bzxdk j'fJnk ehosg[o ;kfjp

s/ nkBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ o;s/ r[odk;g[o d/ fJbke/ ftu gj[zu frnk.

fJE/ nyho ftu wjhfBnK pZXh x/o/ s'A pknd r[odk;g[o s'A gzi

feb'whNo d{o pzdk f;zx pjkdo nkgD/ ;kEhnK ;w/s r[odk; Bzrb dh

rVQh ftu x/o/ rJ/. nkgD/ jh ;kEh iE/dkoK B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B{z

id'A fJj okfJ fdZsh fe bVD-woB dh pikJ/ w[rb c"i Bkb ;[bkj

eoB dh Bhsh ngDkJh ikt/ sK pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo T[BQK Bkb

;fjws Bk j'J/. T[BQK d/ ;kjwD/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tZb'A nkgDh

nBzdg[oh B{z SZvD t/b/ w[rb ;{p/dkoK dhnK ;"jK gkT[D s/ s'VD dk

fJfsjk; gqsZy ;kjwD/ ;h. ;' T[BQK B/ pkpk fpB'd f;zx, pkpk ekjB

f;zx s/ pkpk pki f;zx nkfd ;g N dZ; fdZsk fe r[bkwh dh f zdrh

Bkb'A pjkdoh dh w"s B{z T[j fes/ tZX soihj d/Dr/.

r[odk; Bzrb ftu f;Zy iE/dkoK ftu fJe fJscke okfJ Bk pD

;eh. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo nkgD/ jwokJ/ ;kEhnK Bkb wjhfBnK pZXh

w[rb c"i dk Nkeok eod/ oj/. go nyho ftu jkbs fJj j' rJh fe

f;zxK B{z nkgD/ x'V/ th wko e/ ykD/ gJ/. T[gozs rVQh N[ZN ikD s/ pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo B{z 700 f;zxK ;w/s frqcsko eoe/ fdZbh fbnKdk frnk.

fJE/ e[sp fwBko e'b ;zB 1716 JhL fJBQK d/ 700 ;kEhnK B{z jo fdB

100 f;zxK B{z jhd ehsk frnk. ;G s'A pknd ftu f;zxK d/ 23 iE/

60

dkoK B{z jhd ehsk frnk. T[gozs 9 i{B, 1716 B{z pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo B{z T[BQK dhnK row ;{fJnK Bkb nZyK eZYD s'A pknd s/ jZE-

g?o eZND s'A pknd T[BQK dk izp{oK Bkb wk; B'u-B'u e/ jhd ehsk

frnk. fJBQK dk gzi ;kb dk p/Nk ni? f;zx th Bkb ;h. ibkdK B/ T[;

B{z th fJBQK d/ ;kjwD/ esb ehsk s/ T[; dk XVedk fdb pkpk ih d/

w{zj ftu m'f;nk frnk. pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh ;[gsBh ;[ hb e"o B{z th

T[BQK d/ ;kjwD/ esb ehsk frnk. go pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ nv'b ofj

e/ r[o{ dk pzdk j'D s/ tuBK dh gqfsfrnk fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/ i' e[opkBh dh

fw;kb dhB-d[BhnK ftu ekfJw ehsh j?, T[; dh T[dkjoD f;Zy fJfsjk;

ftu nd[Zsh j? s/ ;z;ko d/ fJfsjk; ftu nfijh fw;kb xN jh fwbdh j?.

T[; ;w/A w[;bwkB tkfenk Bth; ykch ykB, fwo k w[jzwd joh;h,

w[jzwd ekf;w bkj"oh tofrnK s'A fpBK Jh;N fJzvhnk ezgBh d/ tkfenk

Bth; fit/A fe i"jB ;owB, n?vtov ;NhcB;B, e' h, f;oj"d ns/

fjT{ pkoeo ps"o ;?eNoh jk o ;B. fJBQK B/ fJ; tkfenk dh pj[s noE

Gog{o pdK ftu fog'oN T[; tes d/ c'oN ftbhnw ebeZsk d/ rtoBo

o"poN j?fi B{z G/ih ;h. T[; fog'oN ftu fejk frnk ;h fe pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/ Bkb seohpB 740 f;zxK B/ r[o{ d/ GkD/ ftu

ofjzd/ j'J/ uhe fujkVk sK d{o dh rZb ;r'A wkBf;e iK ;ohoe ghV d/

sfjs ;hn iK T[c sZe BjhA ehsh. ;r'A fyV/ wZE/ w"s B{z ep{b ehsk.

fJ; ;ko/ jtkb/ dk f eo ;hankoa ftb;B B/ J/f n?fNe ;';kfJNh ebeZsk

d/ w?r hB ftu ehsk j?.

ofpzdo BkE N?r'o B/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh nv'b ns/ nfvr

e[opkBh dh T[;ssh eod/ j'J/ ns/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ d;t/A

gkfs kj d/ fw B gqsh tckdkoh dh T[gwk ftu pzdh pho eftsk fbyh

j?. fJ; soQK jh gzikph d/ gqf;ZX eth nksw-jwokjh B/ wjkB jhd

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh nd[Zsh e[opkBh d/ ;Bw[Zy pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo d/ f;ob/y j/m nkgDh eftsk okjhA fJ; wjkB jhd B{z fyoki/

nehds g/ ehsk ;h.

ofpzdo BkE N?r'o B/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ bk;kBh s/ bkckBh

61

fw B pko/ th p/fw;kb eftsk fbyh j?. T[BQK dh pkpk pzdk pjkdo dh

e[opkBh ;pzXh pzdh pho eftsk pzrkb d/ eqKshekoh ;[szsosk

;zrokwhnK d/ bJh ok Noh rhs d/ s[b ;kfps j'Jh. T[E/ d/ eqKshekohnK

B/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ fw B B{z nZr/ s'oB s/ ;ofjzd dh bVkJh d/

wjkB i/s{ ns/ d;t/A gkfs kj d/ fB ekw ;/te dh e[opkBh B{z nkgDk

nehdk pDkfJnk.

go e[dos dh fJj th nDj'Dh j? fe n;hA r[o{ d/ T[; wjkB pzd/ B{z

T[; dk pDdk :'r ;EkB BjhA d/ ;e/. n;hA pj[s xZN jh pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo dh r[o{ r'fpzd s'A pknd f;ZyK tZb'A w[rbK s/ gqkgs ehsh gfjbh

fiZs B{z 12 wJh d/ fdB ugV fuVh d/ w?dkB ftu wBkT[Ad/ jK. fJ; soQK

jh pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh r[o{ gqsh tckdkoh ns/ tckdkoh B{z fBGkT[D

dh ykfso ehsh e[opkBh B{z th n;hA pj[s xZN :kd eod/ jK. fw;kb

ti'A n;hA ed/-edkJhA jh 9 i{B B{z T[BQK d/ jhdh fdB ti'A wBkT[Ad/ jK.

fJ; s'A tZX j'o nb'ekoh tkbh rZb eh j't/rh fe uzvhrVQ s'A 10 feb'whNo

dh d{oh s/ ugV fuVh d/ w?dkB pko/ f;oc ;?AefVnK dh frDsh ftu jh

b'eK B{z ikDekoh j't/rh ns/ T[; s'A th xZN b'eK B/ ugV fuVh d/

w?dkB dh gftZso fwZNh B{z BZs-w;se j'D dh y/ub ehsh j't/rh.

fJE/ f eo:'r j? fe n;hA p/ Ze pkpk pzdk pjkdo B{z [o{ s'A j[D sZe

nDr"fbnk oZfynk j?. go fJfsjk; rtkj j? fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp

tZb'A to';kfJnk fJj r[o{ dk wjkB ioB?b f;Zy e"w dk gfjbk ;wokN

pfDnk. fi; d/ sg s/ s/i dh p[fBnkd T[s/ 18thA ;dh ftu f;ZyK bJh

p/jZd y"cBke jkbksK d/ pkti{d th 12 fw;bK d/ ;odkoK B/ nkgD/

oki ekfJw ehs/.

gzikp d/ fJfsjk; ftu ekb/-f;nkj fdBK d/ ;w/A fiT[Adh-ikrdh

gzikph e"w dhnK e[opkBhnK s/ gzikphnK dh pjkdoh Gog{o ekoBkw/

ozr fbnkJ/. ethnK s/ eth oK B/ gzikph iotkfDnK dh ;{owrsh d/

feZ;/-ejkDhnK b'e tkoK d/ o{g ftu fJT[A rkJ/.

s/o/ yzv/ B/ fiBQK d/ w{zj w'V/, nZi c/o ;kB{z bbekod/ B/,s/o/ yzv/ B/ fiBQK d/ w{zj w'V/, nZi c/o ;kB{z bbekod/ B/,s/o/ yzv/ B/ fiBQK d/ w{zj w'V/, nZi c/o ;kB{z bbekod/ B/,s/o/ yzv/ B/ fiBQK d/ w{zj w'V/, nZi c/o ;kB{z bbekod/ B/,s/o/ yzv/ B/ fiBQK d/ w{zj w'V/, nZi c/o ;kB{z bbekod/ B/,

62

pkiK tkfbnk pki B{z G/i w[Ve/, gJ/ fsZso T[vkohnK wkod/ B/pkiK tkfbnk pki B{z G/i w[Ve/, gJ/ fsZso T[vkohnK wkod/ B/pkiK tkfbnk pki B{z G/i w[Ve/, gJ/ fsZso T[vkohnK wkod/ B/pkiK tkfbnk pki B{z G/i w[Ve/, gJ/ fsZso T[vkohnK wkod/ B/pkiK tkfbnk pki B{z G/i w[Ve/, gJ/ fsZso T[vkohnK wkod/ B/.....

kfJoK B/ fco e"w d/ iotkfDnK s/ woihtfVnK d/ ;po s/ pjkdoh

d/ ebkw fJ; soQK fby/L

tZN/ U; jh p/oh B{ z g? Ad/, fi; p/oh d/ fwZm/ p/o j[ zd/.

w[;hpsK U; jh e"w s/ g?AdhnK B/, fi; e"w d/ wod db/o j[zd/.

e"D g[ZSd? ektK s/ frZdVK B{z, e?d fgzio/ pki s/ /o j[zd?.

fco wjkB gzikphnK dhnK bk;kBh s/ bkøkBh e[opkBhnK s/

xkbDktK ozr fbnkJhnK s/ wjkB gzikph ;g{s wjkokik oDihs f;zx

dk oki nkfJnk. fJBQK fw;bK f;Zy e"w d/ iE/dkoK B{z fJeZm/ eoe/

wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ gzikp ftu ;G s'A gfjbk s/ nkyoh f;Zy

;wkoki ekfJw ehsk. fJ; f;y oki dhnK r{ziK u"Aje[zNh gJhnK.

T[; ;w/A dh fjzd';skB dh ;G s'A tZX skesto nzro/ je{ws fi;

pko/ fejk fejk iKdk ;h fe T[BQK dk oki ;koh d[BhnK ftu ;h. fJ; bJh

nzro/ K d/ oki ftu ;{oi fSgdk jh BjhA ;h. fJ; soQK jh ncrkfB;skB

d/ gmkBK dh pjkdoh pko/ fejk iKdk ;h fe T[BQK dk BK ;[Dd/ jh

jfEnko fvZr g??Ad/ jB. go fJfsjk; kjdh Godk j? fe wjkokik oDihs

f;zx d/ oki s'A nzro/ je{ws s/ gmkB th sfjqzd/ ;B. fJ; s'A tZvh rZb

eh j't/rh fe wjkokik oDihs f;zx s'A pknd j[D sZe th ;dhnK s'A j'

oj/ fJ; gk;/ s'A Gkos T[s/ XkVthnK d/ jwb/ ed/ BjhA j'J/.

63

fJfsjk; rtkj j? fe wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A gzikphnK dk

nkgDk y[d w[yfsnko oki f;Zy ;kwoki d/ o{g ftu nNe dfonk s'A

gko ncrkfB;skB dhnK jZdK se c?fbnk j'fJnk ;h. fJ; ;w/A joh

f;zx Bbtk, nekbh c{bk f;zx, ;q kw f;zx nNkohtkb/ fij/ fezB/ jh j'o

iKpk ioB?bK, f;yK s/ gzikph :'fXnK B/ gzikph ;fGnsk ns/

gzikphns d/ Mzv/ bfjokJ/. fJ; gqEkfJ fe;/ B/ fezBk ;'jDk fejk j? L

?po s'A rzr'iwB sKJh ;o;tsh s/ ;sb[i-f;zX feBko/.

s[jkvhnK {edhnK s/rK dhnK XweK ;zr r{zi/ ;kro ;ko/.@

fJ; ;zdoG ftu jh fejk frnk j? fe fet/A M{fbnk sys bkj"o

T[s/, ed/ e/;oh ;'jD/ fB kB s'A g[ZS<@

T[go'es gq;zr ftu fJE/ fJj pj[s jh ;zfidrh Bkb ftukoD tkbh

rZb j? fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ gzikphnK ns/ yk; s"o s/ f;ZyK dh

nrtkJh eoe/ gzikp d/ b'eK Bz{ ;dhnK s'A pknd n kdh fdtkJh. T[;

B/ Gkos s/ gzikp d/ bVkJhnK d/ fJfsjk; ftu 700 ;kbK dhnK jkoK

d/ fJfsjk; s'A pknd ;ofjzd csfj B{z b'eK dh gfjbh tZvh fJfsjk;e

fis j'D dk wkD fdZsk. fJ; soK fJj nb'fee ;ofjzd csfj jZe-p-

ikBp jh Gkos dh n kdh dh gfjbh izr pDdh j?.

go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe nkgD/ ihtB d/ ekoBkfwnK s/ jhdh dh

p/fw;kb dk;skB s'A pknd th pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ikD-p[ZM e/

nDr"fbnk ehsk frnk j?. pkpk pzdk f;zx d/ kbw w[rb ;bsBs d/

d[ wDK ns/ T[; tes d/ n kdkBk okJ/ oZyD tkb/ nzro/ fog'oNoK B/

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ nkgD/ r[o{ gqsh ;Bw[Zy s/ tckdko j'D d/

f;de s/ f;oV B{z fbysh s"o s/ wzfBnk j?. go gsk BjhA e[dos B{z eh

wBi{o fojk j? fe n;hA T[BQK B{z T[; ;w/A s'A b? e/ j[D sZe T[BQK d/ r[o{

gqsh ;Bw[Zy s/ wBw[Zy j'D d/ ;tkbK d/ ftu'A jh BjhA eZY ;e/. fJfsjk;

rtkj j? fe T[BQK B{z T[d'A s'A j[D sZe r[o{ gqsh wBw[Zy rodkBD tkb/

nkgD/ nkg B{z T[BQK dh e[opkBh d/ ;Bw[Zy okJh wkso th T[BQK dh r[o{

gqsh ;tk; rok;K sZe fBGkJh f;Zyh d/ s[Zb BjhA pD ;ed/.

64

nZi th gfjbK Bkb'A th tZX fJ; ;pzXh py/V/ jB. p/ Ze e'Jh pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo B{z nkgDh iks r's dk ;kfps eoB dh e'f eo fojk

j?. e'Jh T[BQK dk nkgD/ wZs dk j'D dk dkntk eo fojk j?.

'qwDh Xkofwe ;z;EktK gzikp s'A b? e/ fdZbh dZyD sZe nkgD/ r[o{

;kfjpkB d/ cb;c/ pko/ ns/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ nB/eK e"wh

jhdK-w[ohdK pko/ pZ; fdyktk wkso jh fuzsks[o ikgd/ jB. n;bh

tk-t/b/ s/ Mw/b/ sK iZr kfjo jB.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh 300 ;kbk skpdh, ;ofjzd dh gfjbh

cfsj s/ T[BQK dh nkgDh s/ T[BQK d/ ;kEh f;zxK dh e[opkBh 12 wJh

2010 s'A ;kok ;kb wBkT[D dk kfjok s"o s/ ;zebg sK pj[s jh

bkxk:'r j?. go i/ ;ot ftnkgh f;Zy cb;c/ s/ ;kv/ e"wh jhdK-

w[ohdK dhnK e[opkBhnK B{z n;hA [o{nks ti'A ;jh gfog/y ftu gzikp

ftu jh Bk dZ; ;e/ sK 1969 s'A b? e/ j[D sZe wBkJhnK 14-15 fJfsjk;

skpdhnK tKr fJj th fJe toQk fe;/ th ;zt/dBkjhD wB[Zy dh f zdrh

tKr nikJhA s/ p/noE ;kfps j't/rk.

j[D ;wK j? fe ;oeko B/ id'A gzikp d/ Xkofwe, fJfsjk;e ns/

;fGnkukoe fto;/ ftok;s dh fB kBd/jh ns/ b'VhAdh ;/tk ;zGkb dk

;zebg ehsk j? sK n;hA uZgV fuVh d/ ;EkB s'A cfsjrVQ ;kfjp, w'fozvk,

uwe"o ;kfjp, o{gBro, ehosg[o ;kfjp ns/ nkBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ ;ko/ fJfsjk;e

;EkBK ;pzXh iBse gZXo s/ ikDekoh fdzd/ j'J/, fJBQK ;EkBK B{z fJBQK dh

wjkBsk nB[;ko e"wh :kdrkoK dk doik d/D d/ T[gokb/ eohJ/.

t?;/ sK gzikp dh uZgk-uZgk ;o whBl p/nzs jhdK ns/ T[BQK dhnK

e[opkBhnK dh r[nkj j?. ;kvh fBsk gqsh dh nodk; ftu fJBQK bk;kBh

e[opkBh d/ g[ziK dk f eo fdB gqsh fdB eJh tko j[zdk j?. go n;hA Bk

wkso jh nkgDh nodk; ftu jhdK w[ohdK gqsh ehsh T[gwk B{z nkgD/

wBK ftu t;kT[Ad/ jK. kfJd fJj jh ekoB j? fe ni'e/ :[r dh s/ -

ocskoh ns/ soZeh d/ ;Bw[Zy n;hA p/wsbp fijk jh nkgD/ wjkB

fto;/ ns/ e"wh ;BwkB B{z nZy'A-go'y/ eo oj/ jK. fi; d/ Bshi/ ti'A nZi

65

;kvk ;wki T[ZuhnK-;[ZuhnK edoK s'A nDikD pD e/ p/w[jkok

jh n"MV okj fgnk j'fJnk j?. fi; dk yfwnk k d/ s/ e"w B{z G[rsDk

g? ;edk j?.

y?o\ oZp fwjo eo/ BjhA sK fes/ nbkwk fJepkb dk pj[s gfjbK

kfjo ehsk d/ s/ e"w dh sedho ;pzXh yd k ;Zu jh Bk j' ikt/. fit/

A fe fJepkb B/ fejk ;h -

tsB eh fceo eo BkdK, w[;hps nkB/ tkbh j?.

s/oh popkdhT[A e/ w to/ j?A nk;wkB'A w/A

fJ; gZy'A ;kB{z ;zGbD dh b'V j?. d[BhnK d/ gqf;ZX ftdtkB eth

Nhan?Z;a n?bhnN dh jh fJj rZb wzB bJhJ//. fJ; s'A gfjbK fe pj[s d/o j'

ikt/. fe nkU! j[D jh e[M eohJ/ .

nekb g[oy d/ dfo s/ ;w[Zuh e"w sB'A-wB'A r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ g[opK

ns/ f;Zy fJfsjk;e skpdhnK wBkT[Ad/ j'J/ jh nodk; i'dVh eo/ fe

;ot eshwkB gowfgsk gqwkswk ;kB{z pkpk BkBe dh f;Zfynk fet

;funkok j'Jhn? fet e{V/ s{N/ gkfb.. ns/ wfB ihs? ifr ihs[ B{z

;wMD s/ nkgD/ ihtBK ftu XkoBh pDB dh ;'Mh d/ xo fbnkt/.

66

nDr"fbnk“ jhd

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

wB[Zysk d/ fJfsjk; ftu oZp d/ pzfdnK dh sedho s/ sdpho dh

th fJe nB'yh jh ejkDh j?. oZph o k dh fJe nb"fee f;ws fJj th j?

fe wB[Zysk d/ fby/ fJfsjk; ftu Jh;k w;hj d/ ;w/A s'A b? e/ j[D sZe

jZe-;Zu d/ oytkfbnk B{z ;{bQh s/ uVQDk fgnk j?. fJj th e[dos dh

ftvzpDk j? fe fijVh b'ekJh d/ bJh T[j w;hjk pD e/ nkJ/l T[BQK B{z jh

d[BhnK B/ nkgDh p/o[ h ns/ nkgDh nfeqsxDsk, Jhoyk s/ p/o[yh dk

f eko pDk e/ Y/o fuo nDr"b/ oZfynk s/ j"bh-j"bh ft;ko fdZsk.

fJe gk;/ d[BhnK fJj th efjzdh j? fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgD/ jhdK-

w[ohdK B{z ft;ko fdzdhnK jB, T[j th ;ck j;sh s'A fwN iKdhnK jB.

go fJ; d/ pkti{d th gsk BjhA fJj fej' fijh fJbkjh o k j? fe Jh;k

w;hj s'A b? e/ ni'e/ ;w/A sZe e"w d/ jhdK-w[ohdK Bz{ d[BhnK B/ ne;o

G[bkfJnk s/ ft;kfonk jh j?. jK! fJzBk o{o j? fe ed/-ed/ e[M wip{oh

wkso jhdh gfjfonK d/ sfjs fe;/ ftykt/ ti'A n;hA e"wh fdjkV/

nDr"fbnk jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

67

iK skpdhnK wBkT[D t/b/ nkgD/ Gk DK ns/ dwrfinK ftu jhdK

dk e'Jh f eo S/Vd/ jK. go ;w[Zu/ s"o s/ e"w d/ fJBQK jhdK dhnK

bk;kBh e[opkBhnK ;kvh wkBf;esk iK ;kvh u/sBk dk nzr BjhA

pDdhnK.

fJE'A sZe fe nk kdh d/ 60-65 ;kbK s'A pknd e"wh ;g{sK d/

;zxo s/ e[opkBhnK ;kv/ ;kfjs ns/ fJfsjk; dk fjZ;k BjhA pD ;ehnK.

n;hA nk kd o{o j' rJ/ jK go ;kvh wkBf;esk fJ; gZy'A jkb/ th g{oh

soQK r[bkw j?. n;hA nkgD/ ofj u[Ze/ j[ewokB w[rbK ns/ nzro/ K B/

;kBz{ i' ;kfjs-fJfsjk; fdZsk j?. T[;d/ jh ;'jb/ nkg rk oj/ jK ns/

nZr/ nkgD/ pZfunK Bz{ :kd eotk oj/ jK. p/ Ze Bshi/ ti'A nZi th e"w

dk jo p o fJe fuzsk ftu s[fonk fcodk j? fe ;kvhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK

fejV/ n"M[V okj s[ohnK ik ojhnK jB. go fJj fSzB wkso fijh fuzsk

fit/A ;kv/ bJh e'Jh pj[sh nfjwhns BjhA oZydh, fJ; bJh n;hA ed/ fJ;

;zihdrh Bkb ;'funk jh BjhA fe ;kvh w"i{dk j;sh s/ j'Ad k; s"o s/

;kvh nk kdh f;oc ns/ f;oc ;kv/ jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK e[opkBhnK ;dek

jh j?.

n;hA nfij/ jh ;opz;dkBh d;w/ fgsk tb'A to';kJ/ T[BQK d/ pzd/

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo Bz{ T[BQK d/ ihtBekb s'A b? e/ j[D sZe fizBk

ft;kfonk s/ nDr"fbnk ehsk j?, fJzBh nfeqsxDsk kfJd d[BhnK d/

fJfsjk; ftu ed/ d/yD Bz{ BjhA fwbh. fJE/ wBk Bz{ E'VQk fijk ojkU d/

e/ ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe ;kvk wkBf;e toskok s/ feodko nfijk

feT[A j?< kfJd fJj fJ; bJh j? fe ;kBz{ r[bkw fjBhns ftok;s ftu

jh fwbh j?< go w/o/ ftuko ftu fJ;dk w[Zy ekoB fJj j? fe r[o{nK-ghoK

s/ jhdK-w[ohdK dk o;sk sg-fsnkr s/ e[opkBh dh xkNh ftu'A dh

r[ odk j? s/ ;kvk d[fBnkth okj s/ ubD ;[nkoE, bkbu ns/ n? '-

fJ os dhnK wkVhnK tkdhnK ftu'A bzxdk j?. nfijh ;'u d/ sfjs

;kvh nkgD/ e"wh ;g{sK gqsh uZb j'T{l ;kBz{ eh dh gqftosh pDh j'Jh

j?. ni'e/ oki-Gkr d/ tosko/ ftu Bhsh dh EK s/ e{NBhsh dk p'bpkbk

j?. n;hA jhdK ftu th tzvhnK gkT[D s'A r[o/ BjhA eod/. n;hA T[BQK Bz{

nkgDk pDkT[D bJh tzvhnK gkT[Ad/ jK s/ fJ; gqfefonk ftu ;kv/ e"wh

68

jhd kfJd ;kv/ fgzvK s/ BroK sZe jh ofj ;hws j' iKd/ jB. fco

;kvh ;"Vh ;'u d/ sfjs fJj th ftuko nkT[Adk j? fe ;kv/ nZi d/ oki-

Gkr sK t'N-oki s/ ekfJw jB. go jhdK dhnK sK t'NK jh BjhA

j[zdhnK. fJ; bJh jhdK gqsh ;kvk toskok s{z e"D, w?A e"D fijk pD

frnk j?.

gzikp d/ fJfsjk; d/ nfij/ jh fJe ftbZyD ;g{s pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo Bz{ T[BQK d/ ihtB ekb s'A jh nDr"fbnk oZfynk frnk j?. id'A

fe T[BQK dh ;koh ihtBh s/ T[BQK dk cb;ck nkgD/ nkyhob/ ;kjK sZe

f;oc s/ f;oc r[o{ d/ pzd/ tkbk jh fojk j?.

fJfsjk; rtkj j? fe T[BQK d/ jhdh ;w/A 9 i{B, 1716 Bz{ T[; t/b/

d/ w[rb tkfenk Bth;, fJfsjk;ekoK fit/A fe ykch yK, fwo k w[jzwd

joh;h, w[jzwd ekf;w bkj"oh s/ w[jzwd ;ch tkfod ns/ Jh;N fJzvhnk

ezgBh d/ i"B ;owB, n?vtov ;NhcB;B s/ fjT{ pkoeo fij/ fog'oNoK

B/ fbfynk j? fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/ Bkb seohpB 740

f;zxK B/ r[o{ d/ GkD/ ftu ofjzd/ j'J/ uhe-fujkVk gkT[Dk sK d{o dh

rZb j?, ;r'A fJzBh wkBf;e s/ ;ohoe ghVk d/ pkti{d th T[c sZe BjhA

ehsh. T[BQK d/ 4-5 ;kb d/ p/N/ ni? f;zx s/ T[BQK dh Xow gsBh Bz{ T[BQK

d/ ;kjwD/ p/-ofjwh Bkb esb ehsk frnk. ni? f;zx dk fdb pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo ih d/ w{zj ftu gkfJnk frnk. pkpk ih dk wk; row izw{oK

Bkb B'funk frnk, T[BQK dhnK nZyK eZYhnK rJhnK s/ jZE-g?o tZY e/

jhd ehsk frnk.

T[; ;w/A d/ ek h w[jzwd nwhB ykB B/ id'A pkpk ih Bz{ g[ZfSnk fe

j[D s{z e'Jh eokwks feT[A BjhA fdykT[Adk sK pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/

i' itkp fdZsk, T[; s'A iZr- kjo j? fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d;w/

fgsk dk X[o-nkswk s'A w[ohd pzdk ;h. pkpk f;zx pjkdo B/ fejk ;h fe

fJj w/o/ r[o{ dh ;woZE eokwks jh j? fe w?A s/ r[o{ d/ f;zx fyVQ/ wZE/

jhdhnK gk oj/ jK. fJj ;G e[M oZp dh o k ftu jh j' fojk j? fe id'A

w[rb ;bsBs B/ S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK tor/ w b{wK s/ fBd'f nK s/

efjo toskJ/ ;B sK r[o{ B/ w/o/ tor/ nkgD/ pzd/ Bz{ s[jkv/ tor/ kbwK

Bz{ ;'XD bJh G/fink ;h. nzsoekb ftu w/o/ s'A th e'Jh Bk e'Jh [bw

69

o{o j'fJnk j'Dk j?, fi; dh fe w?A ; k G[rs fojk jK.

nkgD/ d;w/ fgsk gqsh nfijh oXk s/ nk;Ek d/ pkti{d th T[j

wB[Zyh Jhoyk s/ dt/ dk f eko pD/. T[BQK d/ ihtB ekb ftu e[M

nfij/ ;tkb g?dk j'J/ fe fiE'A kb;k gzE d' XfVnK sZs kb;k s/

pzdJh kb;k ftu tzfvnk frnk. 20 d;zpo, 1715 Bz{ r[odk; Bzrb

dh bVkJh ftu T[BQK d/ jh ;jkfJe iE/dkoK B/ nkgD/ wsG/dK d/ nXhB

T[BQK dk ;kE SZv fdZsk. fco wfjo'bh dh esbrkj dh nD;[Dh s/

nDej/ e NK dh dk;skB ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j?.

r[o{ d/ fJ; wjkB pzd/ d/ ihtB d/ nyhob/ gVQkn dh y"cBke ejkDh

wB[Zy dh pj[s jh fxB"Dh fcsos Jhoyk s/ dt/ dk G?Vk fdq NkAs j?.

fe;/ kfJo d/ pdK ftu - tjh gZs/ jtk d/B/ br/ fiB g/ w/oktjh gZs/ jtk d/B/ br/ fiB g/ w/oktjh gZs/ jtk d/B/ br/ fiB g/ w/oktjh gZs/ jtk d/B/ br/ fiB g/ w/oktjh gZs/ jtk d/B/ br/ fiB g/ w/ok

nk hnkBk Ek.nk hnkBk Ek.nk hnkBk Ek.nk hnkBk Ek.nk hnkBk Ek.

tork jh e[M pkpk pzdk f;zx Bkb tkgfonk. pkpk fpB'd f;zx,

pkpk ekjB f;zx, pkpk pki f;zx s/ pkpk okw f;zx tor/ r[o{ tb'A Ekg/

rJ/ T[; d/ ;jkfJe e[M ikD/ s/ e[M nDikD/ fij/ ekoBK eoe/ pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo s'A d{o j'D/ [o{ j' rJ/. gzikp d/ BjhA Gkos d/ fJfsjk;

ftu fJj nDj'Dh jh j'Jh ikgdh ;h fe n?vh tZvh w[rb ;bsBs

dhnK BhAjK fjZb rJhnK ;B. jo gk;/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh i? i?

eko j' ojh ;h. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo b'e u/sBk dk b'e BkfJe pD

u[Zek ;h. T[; B/ nDj'J/ fij/ rohp s/ dfbs b'eK Bz{ ;odkohnK fdZshnK.

whBK d/ w[ kfonK Bz{ wkbeh d/ jZe d/ fdZs/. gfjbh tko f;Zy oki dk

w[yfb;rVQ fty/ dopko bZrD bZrk. cfonkdh b'e w[rb c"idkoK dh

pikJ/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo Bz{ nkgDhnK d[Zy-sebhcK Bz{ joB tkbk

w;hjk wzB e/ T[; e'b cfonkdK fbnkT[D bZr/.

pkpk pzdk f;zx th s[ozs w[rb nfjbekoK Bz{ T[BQK dh eoBh-GoBh

nB[;ko ;ys s'A ;ys ; ktK fdzdk ;h. fit/Afe ;Y"o/ d/ ek h T[;wkB

yK B/ gho p[ZX{ kj Bz{ GzrkDh d/ :[ZX ftu d;t/A gks kj dh wZdd eoB

ti'A s;hj/ d/ e/ gfotko ;w/s wko fdZsk ;h. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/

;ko/;Y"o/ d/ u"XohnK Bz{ T[;wkB yK dh jt/bh ftu fJeZfmnK eoe/ nZr

brk e/ ;kV fdZsk. fJj pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dk e'Jh iBw iks

70

nZfsnkukoh o{g BjhA ;h. ;r'A fJj fJ; bJh ;h fe pkpk pzdk f;zx w[rb

;bsBs dk sysk iB esh d/ fJBebkp okjhA gbNDk ukj[zdk ;h.

T[; dk w[Zy nk k sK ykb;/ dk jb/wh oki fbnkT[D dk ;h.

id'A ;ofjzd Bz{ cfsj ehsk frnk sK pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo izr-

:[ZX SZv e/ gjkVK ftu fJeKstk; bJh ubk frnk. T[j nkg ;ofjzd

dk ;{p/dko BjhA pfDnk. ;r'A T[; B/ ;ofjzd dk ;{p/dko pkpk pki f;zx

Bz{ Ekfgnk. T[; dk BkfJp ;{p/dko iE/dko nkbh f;zx Bz{ pDkfJnk

frnk. pkpk okw f;zx B{z EkB/;o dk gqw[Zy pDkfJnk s/ T[; dk BkfJp

;jkfJe fpB'd f;zx Bz{ pDkfJnk. ;wkD/ dk gqpzX pkpk okw f;zx Bz{

;"Afgnk s/ T[; d/ ;jkfJe ti'A pkpk csfj f;zx B{z fB:[es ehsk. fJj

;kok gq;zr e'Jh nfseEBh BjhA ;r'A fJe fJfsjk;e ;ZukJh j? fe pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ nkgD/ bJh e'Jh ;{p/dkohnK s/ c"idkohnK ep{b

BjhA ehshnK. d{i/ gk;/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ nkw rohp fe;kBK s/

gSVhnK q/DhnK d/ b'eK B{z whBK d/ wkfbe s/ fgzvK d/ u"Xoh pDkfJnk.

go fJ; d/ T[bN w[ZYedhwh fJB;kBh ew 'oh Jhoyk ibtk nco'

j'Jh. r[o{ ;kfjp tb'A G/i/ ;jkfJe pkp/ wfj;{; eoB bZr/ fe i/ iB ;w{j

fJ; soQK jh pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ftu oXk s/ nk;Ek oZyD bZrk sK

T[j fdB d{o BjhA fe id'A pzdk f;zx f;ZyK dk frnkotK r[o{ wzfBnk

ikD bZr gt/rk. fJ; bJh T[BQK B/ wksk ;[zdoh s/ d;t/A gks kj d/ ;G

s'A tZX ft;tk gkso ftdtkB GkJh wBh f;zx okjhA j[ewBkw/ sZe ikoh

eotk fdZs/ fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ebrh bk e/ oki;h mkm-pkm

Bkb dopko ;ikT[D bZr fgnk j?. fJ; bJh fJj r[o{ xo dk d'yh j?. p;

fco eh ;h, fizB/ w{zj, UBhnK jh rZbK j'D bZrhnK. phs/ eZbQ dk r[o{ dk

;G s'A ft;tk gkso pzdk nbZr-EbZr eo fdZsk frnk. pkpk pzdk

f;zx pjkdo Bz{ fBr{D/ fij/ d' K fit/A fe T[; B/ ftnkj eotk fbnk

ns/ T[; B/ tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj dh EK cfsj do B dk i?ekok fdZsk j?

nkfd tor/ i[owK sfjs nekb sys nzfwqs;o fty/ ;Zd fbnk frnk.

fJE'A jh ykb;k gzE i' fJe tko skes dh nkyoh f;yo s/ gj[zu frnk

;h, T[j j[D sZs ykb;k s/ pzdJh ykb;k d/ o{g ftu d'ckV j' frnk.

id'A fe ;ZukJh fJj j? fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ ftnkj o{o

71

eotkfJnk. go fJj r[opkDh d/ c[owkB - nziB wkfj fBoziB[ gkfJnk.nziB wkfj fBoziB[ gkfJnk.nziB wkfj fBoziB[ gkfJnk.nziB wkfj fBoziB[ gkfJnk.nziB wkfj fBoziB[ gkfJnk.

s/ f;Zy wfo:kdk d/ fe;/ th fdq Nhe'D s'A T[bN BjhA ;h. fiE'A sZe r[o{

pDB s/ oki dopko bkT[D dh rZb ;h. T[j sK n;hA d/y jh nkJ/ jK fe

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo f;Zy oki dk w'Yh o{o ;h. go T[; B/ d[fBnkth

nj[dk e'Jh th ep{b BjhA ehsk. ;r'A ;kohnK u"XoK nkgD/ ;jkfJe iE/

dkoK Bz{ jh d/ fdZshnK.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ ykb;k gzE d/ Mzvk gzikp ftu M[bkfJnk.

T[; B/ f;Zy oki dh je{ws gZeh fB kBh ti'A ykb;kJh f;Zek s/ w'jo th

ikoh ehsh. ykb;k oki d/ f;Ze/ ns/ w'jo T[s/ T[; B/ r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx d/ Bkw ns/ T[BQK dh fwjo dk f eo ehsk. fit/A fe -

f;Zek d pojo d' nkbw s/ FJ/FBkBe tkfjp n;s

csfj r'fpzd f;zx kj kjkB c bFJ/F;Zu ;kfjp n;s

Gkt fJj f;Zek ;Zu/ gkfs kj dh fwjo ;dek ns/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx

pkd kjK d/ pkd kj tb'A py h fiZs ;dek ikoh ehsk frnk j?. fJ; d/

d{;o/ gk;/ fJj pd jB L

opFpkFnwkBFT[bFdjo w[;Ztos

fjo hBsFT[bFs s w[pke pys

Gkt fJj f;Zek nkdwh d/ uzrh GkrhA s/ T[;dh py h j'Jh rZdh

;dek nwBFu?B d/ fjo s'A ikoh j'fJnk j?. fJ; soQK jh pkpk pzdk

pjkdo B/ kjh w'jo th pDkJh. fi; T[go fco r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{ r'fpzd

f;zx dh T[;sfs d/ j/m fby/ pd T[eo/ ;BL

d/ FUFs/ FUFøsfjFUFB[;os p/dozr

:køs n BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx.

Gkt w?B{z r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dh fwjo ;dek d[fBnkth

y kB/, fiZs dh sbtko ns/ skes fwbh j?.

fJfsjk;e s;dhe ti'A pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo tb'A ikoh j'J/ f;Ze/

ns/ w'jo s/ i' pdktbh j?. T[; Bz{ d/y e/ e'Jh Ze dh r[zikfJ jh BjhA

ofjzdh fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo f;oc s/ f;oc e"w d/ iE/dkoK dh

72

Jhoyk s/ dt/ dk f eko j'fJnk. fi; eoe/ e"w Bz{ gqkgs j'fJnk f;Zy

oki mhe 84 ;kb bJh 1716 s'A b? e/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ oki

;EkgBk d/ ;kb ;zB 1800 sZe f;ZyK dh B;be[ h d/ wjK ekb/ d"o ftu

dkyb j' frnk.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo i' fe X[o nkswk s'A nkgD/ nyhoh ;kjK sZe

r[o{ s/ f;oc r[o{ dk jh pzdk ;h. T[; T[go r[odk; Bzrb dh T[;dh

nkyoh bVkJh ;w/A fdykJh rJh nzdo{Bh c[N s/ BkfwbtosD s'A b? e/

T[; Bz{ wfjo'bh fty/ jhd j'D sZe i' phfsnkl T[j fJfsjk;e d;skt/

d/ o{g ftu nZi e"w d/ ;kjwD/ j? fe fe; soQK pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

e"w dh Jhoyk s/ p/;wMh dk f eko pfDnk.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/ u'Dt/A seohpB 740 ;kEhnK dh

r[o{ ;kfjpkB s/ f;Zyh gqsh oXk s/ nk;Ek dh skohc sK T[; tes d/

w[;bwkB fJfsjk;ekoK s/ t;hek Bth;K fit/A fe ykch yK fwo k w[jzwd

joh;h, w[jzwd ekf;w bkj"oh s/ w[jzwd ch tkfod s'A fpBK Jh;N fJzvhnk

ezgBh d/ fog'oNoK fit/A fe i"jB ;owB, n?vtov ;NhcB;B, e' h,

f;oj"d s/ fjT{ pkoeo B/ c'oN ftbhnw d/ rtoBo o"poN j?fi Bz{

ebeZs/ G/ih ;h. fJBQK fog'oNK ftu fJj rZb w[y s"o s/ ejh rJh ;h fe

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/ Bkb seohpB 740 f;zxK B/ r[o{ d/

GkD/ ftZu ofjzd/ j'J/ uhe fujkVk sK d{o dh rZb ;r'A wkBf;e iK

;ohoe ghV d/ sfjs ;hn iK T[c sZe BjhA ehsh ;h. ;r'A fyV/ wZE/ w"s

B{z ep{b ehsk ;h. fJ; ;ko/ jtkb/ dk f eo ;hH nkoH ftb;B B/ J/

f n?fNe ;';kfJNh ebeZsk d/ w?r hB ftZu ehsk frnk j?.

ofpzdo BkE N?r'o B/ th pzrkbh Gk k ftZu fbyh eftsk pzdh pho

T[; wjkB r[o{-;/te s/ :'X/ pkpk pzdk f;zx ih dh jhdh B{z ;wofgs

ehsh ;h. ofpzdo BkE N?r'o fbyd/ jB fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s/

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo pzrkb dhnK w[YbhnK eqKshekoh nzd'bBK d/

gq/oDk ;o's pD/.

jkb/ sZe th pV/ f;sw dh rZb fJj j? fe nk kdh s'A pknd nZi

73

id'A ;kvk nkgDk oki j? ns/ nkgDh nk kd ;'u j?. go ;kv/ r[o{, gho

s/ jhd-w[ohd ;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ftu nkgDhnK e[opkBhnK s/

sg-fsnkr nB[;ko nkgDk pDdk ;EkB BjhA gqkgs eo ;e/. ;Zu sK

fJj j? fe ;kvk nwhosohB fJfsjk;e fto;k j? go ;kvk nkgDk ;kfjs

s/ fJfsjk; BjhA j?. fJj jh ekoB j? fe n;hA nkg th nkgD/ e"wh ;g{sK

d/ ihtBK s/ ikDekoh s'A nDikD jK ns/ ;kvhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK i'

;kvk GftZy jB, T[j th fJ; gZy'A g{oh soQK e'o/-;ZyD/ jB.

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo nZi th r[zwBkwh s/ ;kvh p/o[yh dk f eko

j?. j[D n;hA id'A ;ofjzd csfj dh sq? skpdh wBk oj/ jK sK ;kv/

;kjwD/ fJe e"Vh ;ZukJh gqsZy j?. T[j fJj j? fe fit/A w j{o j? fe B"

eB"ihJ/ s/oK u[ZbQ/ , fpbe[b fJ; soQK jh q'wDh Xkofwe ;z;EktK q'wDh

r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh, fdZbh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh s/ gsk BjhA j'o

fezBhnK oXktkB ew/NhnK s/ ;z;EktK nkg' nkgDhnK ;N/iK s'A pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh ;ofjzd cfsj dh rZb-eZE eoBrhnK. go vo j?

fe ;kv/ e"wh fdjkfVnK tKr s/ gfjbhnK wBkJhnK rJhnK skpdhnK

tKr jhdK d/ ihtB s/ cb;c/ dh rZb xZN j't/rh. go ;ko/ nkgDh-

nkgDh tfvnkJh d/ okr nbkgDr/.

pkpk p[ZbQ/ kj fpbe[b ;Zu c[owkT[Ad/ jB fe ;Zu nkyK sK GKpV

wudk J/. M{m nkyK s/ e[M pudk J/. ih d'jK rZbK s'A Medk J/. MZe MZe

e/ i/jpk efjzdh J/. w{zj nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh J/. fJ; soQK jh j[D ;dhnK

pknd ;[oihs gkso efj fojk j? fe e[S fejk sK jB/ok io/rk fet/A<

u[Zg fojk sK wkdkB eh efjDr/< fJj ;G e[M fJT[A brdk j? fe fit/

A ;dhnK gfjbK th s/ j[D th fJj f;nkD/ b'e w/o/ s/ w/o/ tor/ nB/eK

rofd / d"o d/ wko/ oXktkB b'eK d/ wkBf;e dtzX pko/ jh efj oj/ jB.

ni'ehnK ghVQhnK sK j[D gkyzv s/ ftykt/ d/ nvzpoK Bz{ d/y e/ fJj

wfj;{; eoB bZr gJhnK jB fe -

y[nkfj Gh eo{z s' ukjs ;h br/ j?

np d[nk Gh eo{z s' drk ;h br/ j?

fJ; gqEkfJ don;b fJj d[Zy dh rb j? fe ;kvhnK oki;h gkoNhnK

74

ns/ yk; s"o s/ Xkofwe ;z;EktK d/ nbzpodko pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

Bkb'A nkgDh u"Xo s/ czB/ykJh Bz{ jh T[ikro eoB dh e'f eoBr/.

pe"b pkpk p[ZbQ/ kj fJj th ;Zu j? fe w{zj nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh j?.w{zj nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh j?.w{zj nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh j?.w{zj nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh j?.w{zj nkJh pks Bk ofjzdh j?.

fJ; bJh nZi nkw b'e wfj;{; eo oj/ jB fe gfjbhnK wBkJhnK

skpdhnK tKr fJj nb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq ? skpdhdh sq ? skpdhdh sq ? skpdhdh sq ? skpdhdh sq ? skpdh th fJe

uzrh ;oe; iK uzrh fcbw tKr e[M e[ fdBK pknd tZv/-tZv/ gzvkb ;w/N e/

ns/ nkgDh fNzv-c"Vh u[Ze e/ ;kv/ wkBf;e fuZsogN s'A n"Mb j' ikt/rh.

fJj w/ok fBZih sby siopk j? fe ;kv/ ;kfjs ns/ fJfsjk; ftu

;kv/ r[o{nK, ghoK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK gqsh ;jh gfog/y ftu e'Jh nkT[D

tkbhnK ghVQhnK Bz{ e'Jh ikDekoh BjhA fwbDh. fJj th gqsZy j? fe

fizBh d/o e"wh u/sBk ftu fJj ;kfjse ns/ fJfsjk;e w'V BjhA nkT[Adkl

UBh d/o ;kvhnK nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK th fe;/ soQK nkgD/ g{otik

Bkb BjhA i[V ;eDrhnK. fJ; soQK ;kvh ni'eh ghVQh nkgD/ tv/fonK

ns/ nkT[D tkbhnK B;bK d/ dofwnkB ;jh eVh pDB dk co ndk

BjhA eo ;e/rh.

p/ Ze w?A e"w d/ fJfsjk;eko s/ fuzse ;qH wB'jo f;zx uKdbk dh

nk ktkdh XkoBk Bkb s-gqsh s ;fjws jK fe ;Zu dk ;{oi ed/ th

BjhA fSgdk. ;{oi B{z rqfjD bZrd/ jBl go T[j tesh jh j[zd/ jB. fJ;

bJh w?A th ;wMdk jK fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh e[opkBh B{z i' nZi

sZe ;kvh nfrnkBsk dk rqfjD bZrk j?. T[j rqfjD nkT[D tkb/ ;w/A

ftu ;kvhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK dh fBogZy ;'u s/ oXk d/ pbp{s/ jBQ/o/ ftu'A

fBeb e/ o" Bh ftu o{o spdhb j't/rk. fco fJ; soQK pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo jh BjhA ;r'A T[BQK tor/ nB/eK jh e"w d/ nDr"b/ jhd e"w ftu

g?dk j'Jh fJe fJBebkph b'e bfjo ;dek ;kvh b'e u/sBk pD e/ e"wh

wB' ;wfosh dk nfBZyVtK nzr pD ikDr/.

75

BANDI BIRMartyred on 9 June 1716 at Mehrauli

THE LION IN CHAINS

AWAKE, ye dour and doughty Sikhs,Your Guru calls.

Tie up your hair in twisted braids,On Indus banks lift up your heads,

Your Guru calls.The Sikh awake now greets the dawn

With steadfast gaze."Hail Guruji"- a thousand throats

The slogan raise.The awful clamour rends the sky:

Glory be to the Guru,The fetters fall and fear goes by,

A thousand swords clang furiously,And Punjab echoes to the cry:

"Gururji, Hail! Glory be to the Guru.

The Day of Reckoning is now,Now is the Hour,

To purge the breast of shame and fear,Old scores to scour.

76

Life and Death are but meanest slaves,The soul is free,

The Day has dawned on Punjab's shores,Hail, Guruji!

Lo, Delhi's Satrap in his bowerStirred in his sleep:

Whose voices tear the midnight air,Beneath the sky whose torches glare

On banks so steep?The life-blood gushed from many a gashed

Devoted brests,A hundred thousand souls fly past

Like birds to nest,His mother's brow the warrior decks

With the blood-red stain.Sikh and Mogul grimly fight,

In death's embrace each other tightThey clasp, the twain.

The bitten hawk now finish the snake,With beak and nail,

The Sikh shouts back the fierce refrain,Guruji, Hail! Glory Be to the Guru.

In Gurudaspur's fort at lastThey bound in chains,

And led the captive lion throughThe streets and lanes,

To Delhi's gate they led proud BandaBound in chains.

The Mogul troops marched on and raisedThe dust ahead,

Each soldier on his pike upboreA gory head,

77

They raised the dust in Delhi's streetsAnd marched ahead.

Seven hundred Sikhs lagged in the rear,Their fetters rang,

The royal roads were thronged,And windowsOpen sprang,

They vied who should the foremost beTo give his life,

At dawn a hunred heads fell toThe butcher's knife.

Seven hundred dead in seven days;The murder done,

In Banda's arms the Quazi gaveHis only son.

"You shall kill, nor wince to killThe little one,"

They bound him fast, the little child,His only son.

And Banda drew into his breastThe comely lad,

Just laid his right land on his heart,Just kissed awhile his turban red,

Then slowly drew his dagger's blade,Looked into his eyes and whispering said;

"Jai Guruji, Jai Guruji,,"Fear no, my lad!"

A heavenly light lit up the youngAnd buoyant face;

A fresh young voice rang through the hall:"Jai Gururji, no fear at all,"

78

The boy kept fixed on Banda's faceHis steadfast gaze.

Now Banda threw his left arm roundThe little head,

His right hand plunged into his breastThe dagger's blade,

"Jai Gururji", the boy sang out,And fell down dead.

Glory be to the Guru Ji.

An awful hush fell on the court,A silence dead-

And Banda's flesh they tore in shredsWith tongs burnt red,

Brave Banda died without a groanA hero's death,

All eyes were shut. Fell on the courtThe hush of death.

And court was silent and dead.

RABINDERA NATH TAGORE

Note : Originally written by Tagore.Courtesy Kulbir Singh Sidhu IAS

79

wjkB jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdowjkB jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdowjkB jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdowjkB jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdowjkB jhd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

(d;t/A gkfs kj dk fBtkfink gfjbk f;Zy ;wokN)(d;t/A gkfs kj dk fBtkfink gfjbk f;Zy ;wokN)(d;t/A gkfs kj dk fBtkfink gfjbk f;Zy ;wokN)(d;t/A gkfs kj dk fBtkfink gfjbk f;Zy ;wokN)(d;t/A gkfs kj dk fBtkfink gfjbk f;Zy ;wokN)

wjkB jhd pkpk p zdk f; zx pjkdo

(d;t/A gkfs kj dk fBtkfink gfjbk f;Zy ;wokN)

d;w / sk dk ewKvo-fJB-uhc

fgqEth oki u"jkB s' A wro' A

g zikp dk gfjbk Gkoh Bo / .

T[j f;Zy gow oki-;Zsk dk ;z;Ekge ;h, w'Yh

oki-Gkr pDh f;Zy fJBebkp dh tzrko

r[owfs d / ; zs-f;gkjh dk f;nk;h j {o

pkpo pkDh dk ihts ;o{g

pd / sk fto [ ZX ; [d / sk dh csfj

BkBekfJD dk jB{ zwkB!

w[rbJh - ;ofjzd d/ ikpo ;hB/ u y[fGnk

d;w/ dk nfDnkbk nrB - pkD

BKd/V s' A ;ofj zd tZb B{ z ; /Xh

r [o-u /sBk dh ;woEk wh kJhb

nu[e, fBoG?, u /sB, ukBD, f;Zy-eqKsh.

wBubk e whoh f ekoh ,

f eko fjoBh d/ pufVnK s'A pfDnk fsnkrh

t? Dt ;kXe, i 'rh, fBoG ? okig {s

80

r[o-B{oh puBK dh gkj [b Se e/

wkXt dk; t?okrh s' A r[opy f;zx pfDnk

so? ikd{ shoK s/ j[ewBkfwnK dk fBtkfink

ofDnkbh g qitbZs u/sBk, fBoh p /y "ch

r [o { dk o 'wDh ioB ?b

;zs f;gkjh, f; zx ;kfjp

ioB?b pzdk f; zx pjkdo

w[rbJh-g[fb; d/ s;hfjnK dh

jo/e g qhfynk s' A gko

f;Zy-u/sBk dk ; [o n z frnko

G { fonK tkfbnK dk kj-n;tko

; zs f;gkjh fBoh hj esh

; zebg s/ esh dk nw'V MZyV

s{ckB, to'bk, bkD, GKpV, fpibh, roi, G[ukb

uZgV-fuVh ftubh f;Zy-;?fBe i[rsekoh dk w'Yh

kjekoh s / fBoG ? f; Zy jkdsK d /

fJfsjk; dk gqGksh-skok ;keko ;{owrsh

f; zx ;kfjp pzdk f; zx pjkdo.

T[jBK f; zx jkdsK dk j 'Djko g qshe

i' ;[bskBh rtkj dh ibkbs pDB Bkb' A

jkds B { z fpjso ;wMdhnK jB

jkdsK jh fe;/ e"w dh jk:ks j[ zdhnK jB.

;[ Zu/ s/ ; {j / g qrsh nkdo d/ b/y / bZr/ jh

fJfsjk; dh kjokj d / fuokr pDd/ jB.

pzd / d / o {g ftZu BKd/V s' A s [oh

r[o-u/sBk dh np[M bkN jh

nZi f;Zy wB-w;se u nv'b fuokrK j?.

T[j fBo'b f;Zy oki-;Zsk dk gqEw ;z;Ekge ;h

T[; B/ f;ZyK B{ z gfjbh tko

d/ , okiXkBh, M zvk, c "i, f;Zek, w 'jo

81

s/ nkgD/ ti{d okjh A pkd kjs fdZsh.

nzpkb/ u gzw {tkb/ E /j d/ bkr/ b'jrVQ

f;ZyK dh gfjbh okiXkBh ;h.

T[; / dh pd"bs ;{pk ;ofj zd ftZu

j ?doh dh EK e /;oh fB kB M { fbnk.

p zdk jh j ? fi; gzikp d/ f;Zy iZNK B{ z

G {wh tkB ;odko pDkfJnk.

T[j T[jBK dh ;odkoh s/ ni'eh

y [ jkbh dk w 'Yh j ? .

T[; je{wsK d/ N'vh s/ M'bh-u[Ze f whdkoK s'A

whBK y 'j e / tkjeK B { z fdZshnK.

gfjbh tko w [ ko / iZN, iZN ;odko pD/

wro' A p zdJh-u/sBk jh fw;bdkohnK okjh A

oDihs f; zx dk f;Zy oki pDh.

T [; pho ;kXe B/ r [o { py h phosk ; zr

w [ bK dk ; [bskBh s s T [bNk fd Zsk.

bSwD dk;, wkXt dk; s' A c /o

r [opy f; zx p zdk pjkdo

so?j ekbh t/r tKr fBozsosk dk gqshe ;h

T[; r[o-fwjo ;dek

frnkB, fXnkB s / no ø kB dhnK

fs zB / w z bK fJZe ' fyD u w [ek bJhnK

s/ r[o-gq;kdh fszB shoK dh pd"bs

wkM/ wkbt/ s/ d[nkp/ dh f;Zy esh B{ z i'V

w [rbJh so zi dh u "gN T[bNk fdZsh.

r Bh d / j Z fbnK dk ;skfJnk

;dhth kekjkoh p zdk

;ofj zd dhnK BhjK u fuD/ wk; {wK s' A

;ofj zd- [bw fto [ ZX t zrko pD yV'sk.

; z;ko ftZu ;dhtsk BK dk e[ ZM Bjh A.

82

spdhbh s/ ftdo'j jh ;dhth j ?.

iK ;w/ A dh fjZe s/ ehshnK

g ?VK d / fB kB fb ed / jB.

;woEk ftdo'j ekoB jh Yfj zdh j ?.

pzdJh - ekb ;zxo dh ;dhtsk dk gqshe

oki"oh g [DS dk bSwD dk; okig{s

szsoh t ? Dt wkX 'dk; t ?okrh

r[o - u/sBk dk nfDnkbk BKd/V-sho

r[odk; Bzrb dh rVQh s' A

f; Zy Nkeo / dk fJ jko pD

fi; niws / kB Bkb

jwokj ;Zs ;" u "dK ;kEhnK B/

fdZbh uKdBh u"e ftZu

5 wkou 1716 B{z g{ok fJZe jcsk ;h; G/AN ehs/

ns/ nkg y[ Zd ofj zd / 23 iZE /dkoK,

Xow gsBh ns/ 4 ;kbk ;{ow/ g[Zs ni? f;zx Bkb

wfjo"bh fty/ co[ Zy;hno d/ [bwh j[ewK d/

s;hj/ ;fjzdk 9 i{B 1716 B{ z jhd j'fJnk.

T[j tfonkwrh s/ ;po-f;de ;zr

nZi th f;Zy-u/sBk ftu fuokrK j ?

Uw - ;fsnw - f tw - ; [ zdow.

vkL nksw jwokjh

gzikph d/ 'qwDh eth

83

y[ZbQh fuZmh

gzikp dh fJfsjkf;e ftok;s dh tzrko

n;hA ne;o efjzd/ jK fe fijVhnK e"wK nkgD/ jhdK B{z G[bk

fdzdhnK jB T[j e"wK y[Zd th ;øk j;sh s'A fwN iKdhnK jB. go fJj

f;oc efjD dh ykso jh fJe dwrik fijk pD e/ ofj frnk j?. fJ;

gq;zr ftu r"osbp j? fe Gkos dh n kdh d/ ;zxo h :'fXnK dk fsnkr

s/ e[opkBhnK ;dek jh nZi n;hA n kd jK. go n;hA ed/-edkJhA jh

;kb-fSwkjh wro'A T[BQK woihtfVnK B{z p; rZb eoB wkso jh :kd

eod/ jK. id'A fe f;oc ;kvh n kdh jh BjhA ;r'A ;kvh ;w[Zuh j'Ad th

;kv/ jhdK s/ ;zxo h :'fXnK dh pd"bs jh j?.

fJj fJe iZr kfjo ;ZukJh j? fe ;kv/ jhdK dhnK e[opkBhnK

;dek nZi ;kvh w"i{dk j'Ad j? ns/ n;hA nkgD/ jhdK s/ ;zxo h :'fXnK

dh pd"bs jh k;e s/ gq k;e pD/ p?m/ jK. BjhA sKl ;kvh n"eks sK

nzro/ K d/ dcsoK ftu pkp{ ns/ T[BQK dhnK d[ekBK ftu ;/b w?B

tkbh j'Dh ;h.

n;hA fJj wzBd/ jK fe e[dos dk B/w j? fe T[j e"wK jh fiT[AdhnK

ofjzdhnK jB fijVhnK nkgD/ r[o{nK, jhdK-w[ohdK B{z :kd oZydhnK

jB. fJ; d/ w[skfpe n;hA nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK bJh nkbh kB s/ p/

fw;kb fto;/ B{z ;KGD bJh :sB hb j'JhJ/ sK fe fJj gftZso t;s{nK

:[r'-:[r fJ;/ Xosh s/ ftuodhnK ofjD.

fJfsjk;e fJwkosK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ Bt-fBowkD dh o{ohfJfsjk;e fJwkosK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ Bt-fBowkD dh o{ohfJfsjk;e fJwkosK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ Bt-fBowkD dh o{ohfJfsjk;e fJwkosK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ Bt-fBowkD dh o{ohfJfsjk;e fJwkosK s/ r[od[nkfonK d/ Bt-fBowkD dh o{oh

;wZf;nk-;wZf;nk-;wZf;nk-;wZf;nk-;wZf;nk-

p / Ze fJfsjk;e skpdhnK s / gktB r[og [opK B { z

fBozsoFbrkskosk ftZu wBkJ/ ikD dh b'V j?. go fJZe j'o nfjw

B[eskFfBrkj th e"wh gZXo s/ fXnkB ftZu oZy/ ikD dh b'V j?. i' fe

j[D sZe ikD/-nDikD/ g{oh soQK B o-nzdk j' fojk j?. T[j fJj j? fe

fJfsjk;e :kdrkoK dh g[oksBsk dh ;zGkb dh nfsnzs b'V j?. wzfBnk

fe d/o s'A fJ; gk;/ tZb fXnkB BjhA fdZsk frnk s/ g[oksB fJwkosK

ns/ fB kB ysw j' rJ/ iK yzvo-;{os pD rJ/l fJ; bJh T[BQK B{z th

84

w"fbe o{g ftZu ;zGkbD dh b'V j?. fw;kb ti'A i/ fes/ r[o{-;kfjpkB

dhnK fB kBhnK r[od[nkfonK iK fJfsjk;e fJwkosK d/ o{g ftu Xosh

s/ w"i{d j'D sK T[BQK B{z ;zrwowo dk Mo'yk pDk e/ ;zGkbDk fes/

wjZstg{oD j?l pfB;ps fJ; d/ fe T[BQK gftZso fJwkosK B{z ;zrwowo

Bkb d[pkok pBkT[D ;w/Al T[BQK dk w{zjFw[jKdok jh Bk pdb fdZsk ikt/

lfi; soQK fe j[D j' fojk j?. fJ; bJh jh r[o{nK s/ jhd-w[ohd pkfpnK

dhnK gktB fB kBhnK dh ;jh Bkys, goy s/ ;/tk-;zGkb eoB dh

e"wh gZXo s/ b'V j?.

fJj nZi ;w[Zuh gzikphns jh BjhA ;r'A ;ko/ GkoshnK s/ yk; eo

f;Zy e"w nZr/ pj[s tZvh ;w/A dh wko d/ fybkc w[fjzw S/VD dk u?bzi j?l

sK fe n;hA fJe gk;/ nkgD/ r[o{nK-ghoK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK gktB

fB kBhnK ;zGkbD s/ d{i/ gk;/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK dh ikDekoh

bJh nkgDk Xkofwe, ;wkfie s/ e"wh co ndk eo ;ehJ/.

r'fpzd wkor B{z nfXnkswe gq;zr ftu gqukoB s/ gq;koB dh b'V -r'fpzd wkor B{z nfXnkswe gq;zr ftu gqukoB s/ gq;koB dh b'V -r'fpzd wkor B{z nfXnkswe gq;zr ftu gqukoB s/ gq;koB dh b'V -r'fpzd wkor B{z nfXnkswe gq;zr ftu gqukoB s/ gq;koB dh b'V -r'fpzd wkor B{z nfXnkswe gq;zr ftu gqukoB s/ gq;koB dh b'V -

fJ; soQK jh eh 40 e[ ;kb gfjbK nBzdg[o ;kfjp s'A dwdwk ;kfjp

sbtzvh ;kp' dk 577 feb'whNo r'fpzd wkor ;kvh ;j{bs bJh fJe

j'o ;Ve BjhA pD e/ ofj frnk< eh c/o d[pkok nfsnzs ico d/ fJ;

n"y/ ;co B{z n;hA ed/ nkgD/ wkBf;e fusogZN s/ fbnKdk j?< eh

fsnkr s/ ;opz;dkB tor/ fJ; nfXnksw wkor dh fB kBd/jh eodh

j'Jh fJ; kjokj s/ ubd/ ;w/A ;kv/ wB r[o{ ;kfjp s/ T[BQK d/ jhdK-

w[ohdK Bkb ed/ i[V/ jB< r'fpzd wkor d/ Xoksbh wkor s'A fes/ tZX

r'fpzd wkor d/ sg s/ fsnkr d/ nfXnksfwe wkor B{z d[BhnK ftu

B o eoB dh b'V j?.

ykb;k f;oiDk d/ b'eszsoh f;XKsK d/ gquko s/ gq;ko dh b'V-ykb;k f;oiDk d/ b'eszsoh f;XKsK d/ gquko s/ gq;ko dh b'V-ykb;k f;oiDk d/ b'eszsoh f;XKsK d/ gquko s/ gq;ko dh b'V-ykb;k f;oiDk d/ b'eszsoh f;XKsK d/ gquko s/ gq;ko dh b'V-ykb;k f;oiDk d/ b'eszsoh f;XKsK d/ gquko s/ gq;ko dh b'V-

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih tZb'A ykb;k f;oiDk d/ p[fBnkdh b'eszsoh

n;{bK nB[;ko wB[Zyh n kdh, wB[Zyh pokpoh, wB[Zyh GkJhuko/ s/ iks-

gks ofjs ;wki dh ouBk eoBk ;h. T[BQK B/ uwe"o dh rVQh ftu 21-

22 d;zpo 1705 dh oks B{z b'eszsoh f;XKsK nB[;ko nkg/ r[o u/bk d/

f;XKs B{z nwbh ikwk gfjBkfJnk ;h. fJ; s'A pknd pkpk pzdk f;zx

85

pjkdo B/ fJ; bVh B{z nZr/ s'fonk. pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo B/ r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp tZb'A ehsh ykb;k f;oiDk d/ p[fBnkdh b'eszsoh

f;XKsK B{z nwbh ikwk gfjBkfJnk.

uwe"o ;kfjp s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp -uwe"o ;kfjp s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp -uwe"o ;kfjp s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp -uwe"o ;kfjp s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp -uwe"o ;kfjp s/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp -

fJ; s'A gfjbK fe pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh ;ofjzd cfsj dh :kd

ftu Ehw gkoe pDkT[D dh sith pko/ ftuko ehsh ikt/. eh ;zB

2005 s'A j[D sZe uwe"o ;kfjp dh rVQh d/ Ehw gkoe dk nX{okgD ;kv/

;kjwD/ BjhA j?< fJ; soQK jh S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK dh bk;kBh e[opkBh dh

:kd ftu ;zB 2004 ftu cfsjrVQ ;kfjp fty/ pDkJ/ :kdrkoh fjo

d/ fvUYh dotf nK s'A eh ed/ n;hA T[E'A bzxd/ j'J/ jhdK dh :kd B{z

f;o M[ekfJnk j?< iK ed/ ;oekoh gZXo s/ fJBQK B{z ;?bkBhnK B{z ikDekoh d/

D fjZs e'Jh T[gokbk ehsk j?< i' fe fJj j'Dk pj[s jh o{oh j?.

uwe"o ;kfjp dh izr ftu tZv/ ;kfjp kfdnK nihs f;zx s/ ;kfjp

i[Mko f;zx ;w/s GkJh w'jew f;zx, GkJh ;kfjp f;zx s/ fjzws f;zx gzi

fgnkfonK ftu'A fszB fgnko/ e[b 40 f;zx jhd j'J/. fiBQK d/ Bkw-gs/

uwe"o ;kfjp dh rVQh dk gzi ;kb s'A nX{ok fgnk Ehw gkoe

86

fwbd/ jB. nZi fJj :kdrko T[BQK ;G bk;kBh jhdK dh :kd ftu

T[;koh ikDh [o{ ehsh ;h.

go gzikphns s/ e"whns d/ nkXko d/ gZy'A fJ; rZb s'A w[Beo BjhA

j'fJnk ik ;edk fe fJ; :kdrko dk nX{ogD ;kvh ;G dh ;w[Zuh

nfeqsxDsk s/ nDrfjbh dh w{{zj'A p'bdh s;tho j?. fJ; s'A tZv/ d[Zy

dh e'Jh j'o rZb BjhA j' ;edh fe n;hA ;opz;dkBh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dh

e[opkBh s/ T[BQK d/ bys/ firoK s/ g[ZsoK tor/ fgnko/ f;zxK ftu th

nkgDh ;"Vh ;'u ;dek tzvhnK gkT[D dh p/noE fijh ekotkJh s'A th

;ze'u BjhA eo oj/.

w[es;o ;kfjp -w[es;o ;kfjp -w[es;o ;kfjp -w[es;o ;kfjp -w[es;o ;kfjp -

fJ; soQK jh w[es;o dh fydokD/ dh Ykp s/ bVh rJh izr dh

:kdrkoh ti'A w[esk-J/-fwBko dh pj[s tXhnk :kdrko pDkJh rJh

;h. fJ; s'A fJbktk fjo dhnK w[Zy ;VeK T[s/ jhdh r/N pDkJ/ rJ/

;B. w[es;o dh izr r[o{ ;kfjp tZb'A f;ZyK Bkb fo s/ dh N[ZNh j'Jh

rzY B{z d[pkok i'VD dh :kd fdtkT[Adh j?. fJj T[j ;EkB j? fiE/ fe

wkM/ d/ iE/dko GkJh wjK f;zx B/ wkM/ dh f;Zyh oZyh ns/ wkbt/ d/ iE/

dko pkpk dkB f;zx B/ wkbt/ dh f;Zyh ekfJw oZyh ;h. eh n;hA fJ;

87

:kdrko ;pzXh b'VhAdk gquko s/ gq;ko eo oj/ jK fe

fiE/ gzikp dh r[nku ojh f;Zyh g[Bo-;[oihs j'Jh

;h.

uzvhrVQ d/ B dhe uZgVfuVh dk w?dkB-uzvhrVQ d/ B dhe uZgVfuVh dk w?dkB-uzvhrVQ d/ B dhe uZgVfuVh dk w?dkB-uzvhrVQ d/ B dhe uZgVfuVh dk w?dkB-uzvhrVQ d/ B dhe uZgVfuVh dk w?dkB-

j[D id'A n;hA r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ wjkB ;/te

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo tZb'A 12 wJh 1710 B{z ;dhnK

dh r[bkwh s'A pknd uZgo-fuVh d/ w?dkB ftu

gfjbh tko c?;bkez[B ;ofjzd csfj dh shih skpdh ;zB 2010 ftu

wBk oj/ jK sK ftukoK j' ojhnK jB fe fJ; ;t?wkD Gog{o fJ; fiZs dh

:kd B{z fe; soQK ;dhth pDkfJnk ikt/ sK fe nkT[D tkbhnK ghVhnK d/

Grsh s/ d/ fgnko dk ;pe f;Zy ;eD. go nc;'; dh rZb j? fe

ftukoK Bkb'A tZX ftukoK dhnK eNkoK uZb ojhnK jB.

fJ; ;zdoG ftu fejk ik ;edk j? fe nZi pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

pko/ e"D BjhA ikDdk fe T[BQK B/ r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/

cb;c/ nB[;ko gzikp d/ ni'e/ ;wki bJh tZvk :'rdkB gkfJnk ;h.

id'A fe T[BQK d/ ;w/A ftu ;Zs ;dhnK pknd fJj gfjbh tko j'fJnk ;h

fe kjh c"iK dhnK s'gK, sbtkoK s/ pofSnK d/ w{zj ;XkoB iBsk

dhnK vKrK s/ rzvkf;nK B/ uZgVfuVh d/ w?dkB ftu w'V fdZs/ ;B. T[;

s'A pknd ;?AeV/ ;kbK fgZS'A fJe tZvh fJfsjk;e xNBk fJj th j'Jh fe

rohpK s/ dfbsK tk;s/ ;dh gbNh ns/ T[j gfjbh tko j'fJnk fe jb-

tkj feo;kDK s'A y[Zd nkg whBK d/ wkbe pD/. fgzvK s/ BroK ftu i'

nDj'J/ fij/ feosh-ekw/ ftuo oj/ ;B, T[BQK B{z pzdk pjkdo B/ f;oc

u"Xoh jh BjhA pDkfJnkl ;r'A w[rbK tZb'A ;Ekfgs xVzw-u"XohnK s'A

th T[BQK dh kBh GotkJh.

fJ; bJh uZgVfuVh d/ w?dkB ftu e'Jh nfijh ftfdne ;z;Ek iK

;wkoe pDkT[Dk ukjhdk j?l fi; ftu fe f;Zy ws d/ cb;c/ ns/ ;kv/

r[o{nK-ghoK s/ jhdK dh ftok;s dk g?rkw nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK

B{z fwb ;e/. fJ; soQK jh ;ofjzd ftu pj[s ;ko/ ftok;sh fB kB jB,

fiBQK B{z fe ;zGkbDk o{oh j?.

88

ekjB{ztkB s/ e[ZgojhV/ d/ xZb{xkfonK d/ w?dkB -ekjB{ztkB s/ e[ZgojhV/ d/ xZb{xkfonK d/ w?dkB -ekjB{ztkB s/ e[ZgojhV/ d/ xZb{xkfonK d/ w?dkB -ekjB{ztkB s/ e[ZgojhV/ d/ xZb{xkfonK d/ w?dkB -ekjB{ztkB s/ e[ZgojhV/ d/ xZb{xkfonK d/ w?dkB -

eh n;hA S'N/ xZb{xko/ dh :kdrko ekjB{ztkB f bQk r[odk;g[o

fty/ pDkT[D dk T[gokbk ehsk j?< fJ; soQK jh e[ZgojhVk f bQk ;zro{o

d/ ;EkB s/ tZv/ xZb{xko/ dh fJfsjk;e :kdrko pDkT[D dh b'eK dh

sKx ;dhnK g[okDh BjhA j?< eh fJj fJfsjk;e e"wh :kdrkoK pDkT[D

dk ;kv/ ;[gB/ ;kvh nkgDh jh xNhnk wkBf;esk s/ gkoNhpk h eoe/ p/

fXnkBh dk f eko sK BjhA j' oj/<

o'gV fty/ ukBD w[Bkok -o'gV fty/ ukBD w[Bkok -o'gV fty/ ukBD w[Bkok -o'gV fty/ ukBD w[Bkok -o'gV fty/ ukBD w[Bkok -

pkpk pzdk pjkdo s/ f;ZyK tZb'A ;ofjzd csfj i' fe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp

s'A pknd f;ZyK dh w[rbK s/ gfjbh fiZs ;h. fJ; bJh uZgo-fuVh

fty/ i/ e'Jh fJfsjk;e :kdrko pDkT[D dh n;hA rZb eoBh j? sK

xZN'-xZN o'gV fty/ pD/ fJ; ukBD w[Bko/ dh p[Mh bkN th d[pkok

irkT[Dh pDdh j?. ;ofjzd cfsj dh

p[fBnkd T[go wjkokik oDihs f;zx s/

12 fw;bK d/ iE/dkoK s/ f;ZyK tZb'A T[;ko/

rJ/ f;Zy oki dh fB kBh dh gfjbK ;/

tk-;zGkb eoBh :'r j't/rh.

fJj fJfsjk;e fB kBh o'gV d/

wjkokik oDihs f;zx pkr ftu gzikp

ftu fw;b oki s'A T[gozs wjkokik

oDihs f;zx d/ oki B{z do;kT[Adh 44

c[ZN T[Zuh dr-dr irdh ;[oy wQk o{gh

:kdrko w/o/ tZb'A e"w dh ;/tk fjZs ps"o

fvgNh efw Bo o'gV pDkJh rJh ;hl i'

fe j[D p[M u[Zeh j?. fJ; bJh T[; o" B

fwBko/ dh b'n B{z w[V s'A goitfbs eoBk

fJ; bJh o{oh j't/rk fe ntkw B{z

ft tk; j' ;e/ fe ;Zuw[Zu jh n;hA nkgD/ jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK gqkgshnK

pko/ ;[u/s jK.

f;ZyK dhnK 12 fw;bK d/

jhdK dh :kd ftu b/ye

tZb'A pDkJh :kdrko

89

nzfwqs;o s/ fco' g[o d/ ftok;sh dotk /-nzfwqs;o s/ fco' g[o d/ ftok;sh dotk /-nzfwqs;o s/ fco' g[o d/ ftok;sh dotk /-nzfwqs;o s/ fco' g[o d/ ftok;sh dotk /-nzfwqs;o s/ fco' g[o d/ ftok;sh dotk /-

fJ; soQK jh nzfwqs;o s/ fco' g[o fty/ g[okD/ pu/-y[u/ nzdo{Bh

fJfsjk;e dotk / th fvZr-Yfj oj/ jB. p/ Ze j[D e[M e[ dotk / sK

nb'g jh j' u[Ze/ jB. go fJ; s'A gfjbK fe pkeh pu/ r/NK dh ;KG-;zGkb

gqsh j'o th d/o j' ikt/. fJj nfsnzs o{oh j't/rk fe fJBQK tZb th

ftok;s dh ;KG ti'A s[ozs fXnkB fdZsk ikt/.

fJ; s'A th j'o nfjwhns tkbh e"wh ftok;s dh ;KG-;zGkb d/ gZy'A

rZb fJj j? fe jhd Grs f;zx dk iZdh xo sK gkfe;skB ftu ofj

frnk j?. go T[BQK d/ g[ofynK dk xo yNeVQ ebK fty/ j?. fJ; soQK jh

s{Vh p ko fco' g[o fty/ jhd Grs f;zx s/ T[; d/ ;kEhnK dh b[eDrkj

fJe u[pko/ d/ o{g ftu w"i{d j?. jhd ;[yd/t dk xo b[fXnkDk fty/ j?.

fJBQK ;G dh i/ mhe sohe/ Bkb ;KG-;zGkb Bk j'Jh sK fJj ;kv/ bJh

:kdK jh pD e/ ofj ikDr/.

fJ; soQK jh eosko f;zx ;okGk d/ fgzv ;okGk fty/ s/ jhd T{Xw

f;zx d/ fjo ;[Bkw fty/ T[BQK dhnK :kdrkoK B{z do Bh o{g fdZs/ ikD

dh p/nzs b'V j?.

nBzdg[o ;kfjp, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp s/ w[es;o ;kfjp dhnKnBzdg[o ;kfjp, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp s/ w[es;o ;kfjp dhnKnBzdg[o ;kfjp, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp s/ w[es;o ;kfjp dhnKnBzdg[o ;kfjp, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp s/ w[es;o ;kfjp dhnKnBzdg[o ;kfjp, cfsjrVQ ;kfjp s/ w[es;o ;kfjp dhnK

do Bh fvUYhnKdo Bh fvUYhnKdo Bh fvUYhnKdo Bh fvUYhnKdo Bh fvUYhnK-

fiE/ fes/ th jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK jBl Gkt/A T[j nBzdog[o ;kfjp,

w[es;o iK csfjrVQ ;kfjp fty/ pDkJ/ rJ/ do Bh dotk / jB s/

Gkt/A T[j j[;?Bhtkbk iK

yNeVQ ebK d/ ;wkoe jB.

T[E/ T[BQK d/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh

ikDekoh d/Dh p/jZd o{oh

j?. fi; dh nDj'Ad ftu

fijV/ NKt/-NKt/ :ksoh

nkT[Ad/ th jB. T[BQK B{z jhdK

pko/ ;jh ikDekoh Bk fwbD

eoe/ wk:{;h fijh j[zdh j?.

c / o { fjo w ?w ' o hnb-c /o { fjo w ?w ' o hnb-c /o { fjo w ?w ' o hnb-c /o { fjo w ?w ' o hnb-c /o { fjo w ?w ' o hnb-

90

fJE / f eo: 'r j ? fe c / o { fjo w?w'ohnb 1979 ftu pDkfJnk

frnk ;h. fJj fco' g[o s/ w'rk d/ fpbe[b dofwnkB d'BK fjoK s'A

seohpB 35-35 feb'whNo s/ w"i{d j?. fJ; d/ pkti{d fe ed/-edkJhA

;oekoh s/ gq k;fBe :sB

j[zd/ oj/ jB fe fJj ;wkoe

n? Arb ' f; Zy tko ftu

gzikphnK dh pjkdoh d/

s[Zb pD ;e/. go nc;';

nZi fJj p/fuokr s/ p/B{o j'

u[Zek j?. fJ; d/ u[frod/ ftu

j[D ;oezv/ s/ xkj-p{N dk

oki j?.

ed/ ;qL wfjzdo f;zx

ozXktk nkJha;han?Z;a B/ nkgD/ gzikp d/ j?ohN/i s/ ebuob fgnko dh

fB kBh ti'A fJ; B{z ihn-ikB bk e/ pDtkfJnk ;h.

go nZi w?w'ohnb d/ nkb/-d[nkb/ dh ns/ nzdo{Bh d[od k efjD

Bkb'A d/yh jh Gbh j?. wjhB/ ftu 40-50 s'A tZX w?A ed/ :ksohnK B{z fJE/

nkT[Ad/ BjhA t/fynk. fJ; w?w'ohnb ftu j[D nzdo fJBQK bVkJhnK

dhnK g/AfNzr pdozr j' ojhnK jB. fJE'A sZe fe fe;/ Bk fe;/ d/ Grs

:ksoh B/ bkov fjT{ rc s/ bkov jkofvzr dhnK nZyK s/ pkjK ftu ;{J/

wko fdZs/ jB. fJ; izr ;pzXh ed/ 1850 s'A b? e/ 1882 sZe dhnK nzro/

K tZb'A fby/ nZyhA d/y/ fJfsjk; dhnK feskpK gJhnK j[zdhnK ;B. go

j[D kfJd fJE/ fJ; bkfJpq/oh ftu 50 feskpK th Bk j'D. nZr/ fJBQK B{z

;kbKpZXh e'Jh gVQD bJh BjhA b?Adk. nc;'; dh rZb j? fe oks B{z fJj

ep{soK s/ uwfrZdVK d/ bJh pj[s tXhnk o?D-p;/ok ;kfps j' fojk j?.

r[odk;g[o fty/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ;wkoe-r[odk;g[o fty/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ;wkoe-r[odk;g[o fty/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ;wkoe-r[odk;g[o fty/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ;wkoe-r[odk;g[o fty/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo ;wkoe-

fJ; ;zdoG ftu w?A fJj th ;fBwo p/Bsh eoBk ukjKrk fe o'gV

tKr jh ;zB 2001 ftu f bQk j?Zve[nkNo r[odk;g[o fty/ ps"o fvgNh

efw Bo w/oh ;/tk d/ d"okB pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh :kd ftu fJe

:kdrko pDkJh rJh ;h. f eo:'r j? fe r[odk;g[o d/ B dhe pkpk

91

pzdk f;zx pjkdo ih B{z r[odk; Bzrb

dh bVkJh ftu nkgfDnK tZb'A jh

ft tk;xks s/ Bk-fwbt\osD d/ ekoB

w"s d/ w{zj ftu g?Dk fgnk ;h. T[BQK dh

e[opkBh dh :kd r[odk;g[o sK eh ;ko/

gzikp ftu jh fes/ BjhA pDkJh rJh ;h.

fJ; bJh fJE/ :kdrko sK nekb g[oy dh

feqgk Bkb pD rJh go fJ; :kdrkoh

;wkoe s'A pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh

e[opkBh dh T[gwk ftu i' f bk-b/y nzro/

h s/ gzikph ftu bkJ/ rJ/ ;Bl T[j w/oh

T[E'A pdbh d/ s[ozs pknd fcoekgq;sK B/

T[E'A T[sotk fdZs/ ;B.

eh ;w/A dhnK tZy-tZy ;oekoK B/ fJ; w;b/ B{z ;zihdrh Bkb ftuko

e/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh :kd B{z Y[etK ;BwkB fdZsk j?< ;g N s"o

s/ itkp BjhA ftu j? feT[Afe ;BwkB sK fJe gk;/ fojkl fJ; :kdrko

tZb j[D fe;/ dk fXnkB jh BjhA j?. id'A fe fJj w;bk jhdK-w[ohdK

gqsh ;kvh oXk d/ gZy'A ;zihdk ;'u-;wM dk w[Eki j?.

fJ; soQK jh ;qh jfor'fpzdg[o fty/ S/t/A gkfs kj d/ ;w/A dhnK ftok;sh

fJe-d' fJwkosK jB. dhBk Bro fty/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A dh

fojkfJ rkj th Yfj-Y/oh j' ojh j?. p/ Ze fJj fwT[A;gb ew/Nh d/

dcso d/ fpbe[b Bkb bZrdh j?. go fJ; dh w"i{dk d[od k d/ ;Bw[Zy

b'VhAdh ;KG-;zGkb tk;s/ e'Jh :sB BjhA j' fojkl i' fe s[ozs ehsk

ikDk ukjhdk j?.

gfjbh n?Arb' f;Zy izr d/ w?dkB-gfjbh n?Arb' f;Zy izr d/ w?dkB-gfjbh n?Arb' f;Zy izr d/ w?dkB-gfjbh n?Arb' f;Zy izr d/ w?dkB-gfjbh n?Arb' f;Zy izr d/ w?dkB-

i/ uZgo-fuVh d/ izr d/ w?dkB fty/ fti/ ;szG pDBk j? sK eh ed/

n;hA irs gqf;ZX f;ZyK s/ nzro/ K dh bVkJh d/ w[deh, c/o{ fjo,

nbhtkb s/ ;GokT[A d/ w?dkBK s/ :kdrkoh fwBkoK dh d[od k d/yh j?

fe T[j fe; y;sk jkb ftu jB< eh ;kB{z fJj gsk j? fe 1963 sZe fJj

izr d/ w?dkB B? Bb wkB{w?AN j[zd/ ;B. i' fe j[D B? Bb wkB{w?ANK dh

pkpk pzdk f;zx dh r[odk;g[o

fty/ b/ye tZb'A pDkJh

92

fb;N ftu'A fJ; bJh eZY fdZs/ rJ/ jB fe j[D fJBQK dh gfjbK fizBh

nfjwhns BjhA ojh< eh ;zB 1963 dh fJ; B'Nhfce/ B dh dbhb tkip

j?<

fJE/ fJe fJfsjk;e ;ZukJh s'A b'eK B{z ikD{z eotkT[Dk p/jZd o{oh

j? fe fJzrb?Av d/ T[; ;w/A d/ gqXkB wzsoh okpoN ghb B/ gkobhw?AN ftu

fiE/ nkgDh nzro/ c"i s/ nzro/ K d/ wksfjs fjzd';skBh c"i dh

pjkdoh dk f eo ehsk. T[E/ jh T[; B/ ewKvo-fJB-uhc bkov rø dh

13 cotoh, 1846 dh fog'oN dk th f eo ehsk ;h. fJE/ fJj pj[s jh

f eo:'r j? fe nzro/ c"i d/ ewKvo-fJB-uhc B/ nkgD/ gZso ftZu

fbfynk ;h fe ;kvh okiBhsh nB[;ko ;kB{z jZe BjhA j? fe n;hA nkgD/

jko/ j'J/ d[ wD dh pjkdoh dh skohc eohJ/. go i/ n;hA nkgDh okiBhsh

d/ gkpzd Bk j[zd/ sK n;hA o{o jh f;Zy ;odkoK ns/ f;Zy c"i dhnK

e[opkBhnK B{z t/yd/ j'J/ nkgD/ nkg B{z o'D s'A o'e Bk ;ed/ fe fe; soQK

n?v/ pjkdo b'eK dk fJBQK bVkJhnK ftu xkD j'fJnk j?.

nZi th seohpB ;zB 1860 d/ eohp pD/ w[Zdeh c/o{ fjo, nkbhtkb

s/ ;GokT[A d/ jhdh whBko ;kB{z izr d/ T[BQK gzikph jhdK dh :kd

fdtkT[Ad/ jB. fJj :kdrkoK j[D YfjFY/oh j' ojhnK jB. nkbhtkb d/

B dhe sK fJj :kdrko seohpB ysw jh j' u[Zeh j?.

j'o th tZv/ f;sw dh rZb fJj j? fe gzikp d/ fJBQK izr d/ jhdh

w?dkBK fit/A fe w[deh, c/o{ fjo, nkbhtkb s/ ;GokT[A fiE/ fe jhdh

;GokT[A dh :kdrkow[Zdeh dh :kdrko

c/o{ fjo dh izr

93

fwBko pD/ j'J/ jB. fJBQK fwBkoK dh fJE/ ;KG-;zGkb d/ gZy'A d[od k e"w

dh fJ; fxBkT[Dh sqk;dh dh Bzrh-fuZNh s;tho g/ eodh j?. nkbhtkb

fty/ sK :kdrkoh ;EkB ftu ;oezv/ s/ xkj-p{N dk jh oki j? ns/ fwBko

Yfj-Y/oh j' fojk j?. w[deh, c/o{ fjo, fw ohtkbk s/ ;GokT[A fty/ p/ Ze

r[od[nko/ pD/ j'J/ jB. go fiE/ fJj fwBko bZr/ jB. T[E/ b'e gokbh d/

Y/o ;[ZNd/ jB ns/ rtKYh xo fJE/ gkEhnK th gZE oj/ jB.

fJ; soQK jh c/o{ fjo dk n?Arb' f;Zy tko w?w'ohnb ;oekoh s/

gq;k fBe gZXo s/ e"wh jhdK gqsh T[dk;hBsk s/ p/ypoh dh fiT[Adh-

ikrdh fw;kb j?. fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kvh e"w d/ ;g{sK gqsh p/

ro h s/ nfeqsxDsk eoe/ b'eK B{z fJ; dh th pVh xZN ikDekoh s/

ikro{esk j?. fJBQK :kdrkoh ;wkoeK pko/ b'eK B{z fJj efjzd/ ;[fDnk

ik ;edk j? fe GkJh ;[Dd/ sK jK fe f;ZyK dh nzro/ K Bkb bVkJh j'Jh

;h. go T[BQK B{z i// g[ZS' fe feT[A s/ ed'A iK fejV/ f;Zy ioB?bK B/ fJj

izr bVh ;h< fJ; pko/ i[nkp fwbdk j? fe@ oZp jh ikD/@ GkJh nkgK

fejVk bVkJh jz[dh d/yh j?. pV/ nc;'; dh rZb fJj j? fe fJ; ;pzXh

;kvh ;'u uZb j'T{l ;kB{z eh tkbh pD u[Zeh j?.

go n;hA nkgD/ r"otwJh ;tszosk ;zrokwhnK s// jhdK dhnK

e[opkBhnK ns// T[BQK d/ jhdh ;wkoeK B{z G[bd/ ik oj/ jK. fJ; dk

tZvk ekoB fJj j? fe ;kv/ feodko ftZu nfj;kBwzd j'D dh EK d/

pikJ/ s/ nfeqsxDsk s/ nfj;kB cokw' h fijh wkVh gqftosh kwb j'

rJh j?. ;kvh n kdh s/ gdkoEtkdh soZeh B/ e"wh gZXo s/ ;kv/ ftZu

fJe n"r[D fJj Go fdZsk j? fe e"wh jhdK s/ T[BQK dhnK e[opkBhnK

Bkb j[D ;kvk e'Jh b?DkFd/Dk BjhA j?.

fJBQK jhdh ;wkoeK s/ nzro/ sK nZi th nkgD/ jhd tv/fonK

B{z ;BwkB d/D nkT[Ad/ jB. w?A feq;fw; d/ w"e/ s/ d;zpo d/ nyhob/

fdBK ftu id'A fe fJj bVkJhnK j'JhnK ;B. T[BQK fdBK ftu ;zB

2000-01 ps"o vha;ha fco' g[o ns/ fco 2005-06 ftu ps"o efw Bo

ne;o d/fynk fe fJzrb?Av s'A b'e nkgD/ n?Arb' f;Zy tko d/ jhdK B{z

j[D sZe th oXKibh d/D nkT[Ad/ jB.

94

go fJZE/ dZ;Dk :'r j't/rk fe fJ; ;pzXh w?A ps"o efw;Bo fco' g[o,

Gkos ;oeko d/ ;fGnkuko wzsokb/ d/ ;?eNoh vka e/ae/a uZeotosh

ns/ B? Bb nikfJp xo fdZbh d/ vkfJo?eNo ;qa n?;a gha f;zx s/ T[BQK

dh Nhw d/ ;pzXs nfXekohnK Bkb fJj gzikp ;oeko tb'A w?A fJj w[dk

T[mkfJnk ;h. T[BQK B/ o kwzdh th gqrN ehsh ;h fe i/ gzikp ;oeko

ukj/l T[j fJBQK ;soK-t;soK d/ b'VhAd/ o;kfJDe oZyFoykn dh ftXh

bJhl fiE/ fes/ th b'V j't/, nkgD/ ftGkr d/ wkfjo G/i ;ed/ jB. fJ;

s'A fJbktk jhd ;qa Grs f;zx, okir[o{ s/ ;[yd/t d/ 75t/A jhdh

fdt; ;w/A T[BQK B/ f;XKse s"o s/ nkgDh fog'oN ftu fJj th wzfBnk

;h fe n?Arb' f;Zy bVkJhnK d/ w?dkB w[Zdeh, føo' kj s/ ;GokT[A ns/

jhd Grs f;zx nkfd d/ :kdrkoh ;EkBK B{z e"wh :kdrkoK d/ s"o s/

;zGkfbnk ikt/rk. p os/ fe gzikp ;oeko fJ; ;pzXh ;fGnkuko wzsokb/

Bkb gfjbedwh eo/.

go fJj rZb j[D fJT[A ysw j' rJh ikgdh j? fe fit/A fe;/ kfJo B/

fejk j? š wkBk pV/ "e ;/ ;[B ojk Ek. jwhA ;' rJ/ dk;sK efjs/Fefjs/

.@ fJ; soQK ;kv/ tZb'A fJBQK fdjkfVnK Bkb i[V/ :kdrkoh s/ gftZso

;EkBK dh ;/tk-;zGkb eoB dk co pDdk j?l fi; dh fe nfsnzs b'V

j?.

jhd-J/-nk w ;qL Grs f;zx, jhd ;[yd/t s/ ;qL eoskojhd-J/-nk w ;qL Grs f;zx, jhd ;[yd/t s/ ;qL eoskojhd-J/-nk w ;qL Grs f;zx, jhd ;[yd/t s/ ;qL eoskojhd-J/-nk w ;qL Grs f;zx, jhd ;[yd/t s/ ;qL eoskojhd-J/-nk w ;qL Grs f;zx, jhd ;[yd/t s/ ;qL eosko

f;zx ;okGk s/ T{Xw f;zx tor/ wjkB jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK -f;zx ;okGk s/ T{Xw f;zx tor/ wjkB jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK -f;zx ;okGk s/ T{Xw f;zx tor/ wjkB jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK -f;zx ;okGk s/ T{Xw f;zx tor/ wjkB jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK -f;zx ;okGk s/ T{Xw f;zx tor/ wjkB jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK -

w"i{dk ;w/A d/ pj[s jh jowB fgnko/ b'e BkfJe jhd-J/-nk w

;qa Grs f;zx d/ fco' g[o s/ yNeV ebK fty/ :kdrkoh ;wkoe jB. eh

n;hA ns/ yk; s"o s/ ;kv/ nkr{ eoweKvh s/ ;tkoEh fij/ wB'oE Bkb

;kb ftu f;oc fJe tko ikD s'A fpBK T[BQK ;wkoeK dh ed/ ;[ZX-p[ZX

b?D iKd/ jK< ;" jZE oZ;k s/ f;o/ T[s/ rzY torh b'e f;nkDg d/ nkXko

s/ nZi e"w B{z fusktBh Gog{o tzrko j? fe p/ Ze fizBhnK wo h :kdrkoK

n;hA pDk bJhJ/l go fizBh d/o n;hA X[o nzdo s'A fdbh oXk ;fjs

nkgDh n kd wkBf;esk Bkb nkgD/ wjkB g{otiK Bkb BjhA i[Vd/l

T[Bh d/o ;kvhnK fJfsjk;e :kdrkoK ;kv/ bJh p/wkfJB/ jh ofjDrhnK.

95

fJ; ;{os ftu n;hA Bk sK nkgDh n kd j'Ad oZy ;eKr/ s/ Bk jh

nkgD/ r[o{nK-ghoK s/ wjkB jhdK dh n hw'- kB ftok;s d/ ;jh

tko; ejkT[D d/ jZedko j'tKr/.

fJ; bJh p/ Ze ;qL eosko f;zx ;okGk, jhd ;[yd/t, jhd T{Xw

f;zx s/ wdB bkb YhArok tor/ e"wh jhdK dhnK :kdrkoK pDkT[D

dk ;zebg fpbe[b tkip j?. go o{oh os fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/ e"wh

jhdK s/ T[BQK dhnK e"wh :kdrkoK pko/ ntkw B{z g{oh ikDekoh fdzd/

j'J/ fdbh oXk s/ ;BwkB d/ ;ehJ/.

fJ; bJh nkgD/ e[opkBh d/ g[zi g{otiK dh :kd B{z wBK ftu t;k

e/ e"wh :kdrkoK pDkT[D ns/ wfonkdk nB[;ko T[BQK dh b'VhAdh ;/tk-

;zGkb eoB dh w[Ybh s/ nfjw b'V j? sK fe nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK bJh

fJj jhdh ;wkoe d/ Grsh s/ d/ gq/w d/ ukBD-fwBko/ pD ;eD.

gzikp d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -gzikp d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -gzikp d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -gzikp d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -gzikp d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; ;pzXh e[M e[ ;[Mkn -

jhdK gqsh b'e u/sBk g?dk eoB tk;s/ ;kv/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk;

ftu b'VhAdh ;'X eoB dh nfsnzs o{os j?. w/ok gfjbk ;[Mkn fJj j?

fe fJE/ w?A nZi ntkw dh ntk dh soiwkBh eoB fjZs ;w/A dh b'V

nB[;ko f;oc e[M e[ ;[Mkn ;G Bkb ;KM/ eo fojk jK. w/ok gfjbk ;[Mkn

fJj j? fe e"w d/ ;{opho jhdK s/ ;zxo h :'fXnK d/ :'rdkB B{z fuo-

nikfJp xo yNeV ebK jhd w?w'ohnb j[;?Bhtkbk

96

;EkJh pDkT[D bJh T[BQK d/ ihtB ns/ cb;c/ pko/ ;kvk frnkB pj[s

jh nX{ok j?. fJ; bJh fezBk jh uzrk j't/ fe fJ; ;pzXh b'VhAdh ikDekoh

B{z g{oB o{g ftu fJeZmk eoe/ jhdK B{z ;jh fJfsjk;e s/ ;kfjse

gq;zr ftu T[BQK dk pDdk :'r ;EkB fdZsk ikt/. go nc;'; Bkb

efjDk g?Adk j? fe nZi sZe e'Jh fJe th nfijk f;b/p; BjhA pD

;fenk i' fBo'b j?ohN/i s/ ;dkukoe edoK-ehwsK s'A ikD{ eotkT[Adk

j't/.

T[go'es ;[Mkn dh brkskosk ftu fJj th ehsk ikDk ukjhdk

j? fe j[D fJb?eNq'fBe whvhnk dk :[Zr j?. ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; dhnK

feskpK ouD s'A gfjbK fJe j'o ekotkJh s[ozs ehsh ikDh ukjhdh

j?. T[j fJj j? fe gzikp d/ nwho j?ohN/i s/ ebuo B{z Nhatha u?BbK

s/ fJzNoB?ZN okjhA brksko fB:wpZX sohe/ Bkb b'eK sZe

gj[zukfJnk ikt/. fi; Bkb fe ;kv/ jhdK-w[ohdK d/ ekoBkfwnK

s'A ntkw ikD{ j' ;e/rk ns/ gzikp dk ;[Bfjok fJfsjk; b'e u/

sBk pD e/ d[BhnK d / ;kjwD/ fbnKdk ik ;e/rk. i' fe nZi sZe

n;hA BjhA eo ;e/. p/ Ze fJ; ftu e'Jh Ze BjhA j? fe d[BhnK

gzikp torhnK ;ZfGnksktK s/ ;fGnkukoK dh ikDekoh dh

sbprko j?.

;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu e"wh jhdK d/ :'rdkB dk f eo -;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu e"wh jhdK d/ :'rdkB dk f eo -;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu e"wh jhdK d/ :'rdkB dk f eo -;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu e"wh jhdK d/ :'rdkB dk f eo -;kv/ ftfdne e'o;K ftu e"wh jhdK d/ :'rdkB dk f eo -

w/ok d{ik ;[Mkn fJj j? fe jhdK-w[ohdK dhnK :kdrkoK gZEo-

u{B/ Bkb'A tZX i/ wB[Zyh ;wfosh ftu fuDhnK ikD sK T[j fes/ ;dhth

s/ bkøkBh j' ;edhnK jB. fJ; bJh w"i{dk ghVQhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK

ghVQhnK d/ bJh jhdK-w[ohdK gqsh oXk-;BwkB g?dk eoB tk;s/

b'e bfjo ti'A jhdK dhnK GktBktK s/ T[BQK dh Xowh s/ e"wh ;'u s/

gfjok fdZsk ikDk o{oh j?. T[BQK d/ wjkB fsnkr s/ e[opkBhnK B{z e"w

d/ nkuoD ftu YkbD bJh ;kv/ tfdne e'o;K ftu r?o w[beh j[ewokBK

d/ ;'jb/ rkT[D dh EK nkgD/ e[opkBh d/ g[ziK tZb'A ;kv/ ;[Bfjoh GftZy

bJh ehsh xkbDk-ewkJh B{z w"i{dk ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; d/ c[ZNB'NK s'A

T[s/ u[Ze e/ T[BQK d/ ;[Bfjoh pkp Gkt u?gNo ou/ ikD.

97

;kvhnK GftZy dhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK tk;s/ sef bk s/ Bkbzdk

fijhnK fBo'b :{Bhtof;NhnK pDkJhnK ikD. fiE/ fe ;kvh wjkB

;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko Bkb e"w B{z i'fVnk ikt/ sK fe fBZro s/ T[;ko{

e"w s/ ;wki dh ouBk j' ;e/. e"w d/ wjkB ;g{sK, ;{ophoK s/ jhdK d/

wjkB ekoBkfwnK dh :kd gzikphnK d/ wkBf;e fusogN s/ T[eoB

bJh ftfdne e'o;K B{z d[pkok soshp fdZsh ikt/.

fJ; s'A fJbktk fJj th nfsnzs o{oh j't/rk fe ;kv/ r[o{nK-ghoK

s/ jhdK-w[ohdK dh :kd ftu e'Jh fJj' fijhnK ftfdne ;z;EktK dh

sith ;onzikw fdZsh ik ;e/ fe fiBQK ftu ftfdnkoEhnK bJh feos-

eow, feo;kDh, xo/b{ d;sekoh s/ feZsk-w[yh Nq/fBzr w[cs eotkJh

ikt/. nfijhnK ;z;EktK ftu pZfunK s/ pZuhnK bJh ;wkfie s/

;dkukoe edoK-ehwsK d/ frnkB s'A fJbktk o' kBk ihtB dhnK o{osK

;pzXh gq?eNheb Nq/fBzr B{z soihj fdZsh ikt/ sK fe T[j nkgD/ nwbh

ihtB ;dek nkgD/ ;kjwD/ dog/ ;wkfie s/ nkofEe n"eVK Bkb d'-

d' jZE eo ;eD. todkB wkso nfijhnK ;z;EktK d/ o{g ftu e"w d/ r[o{nK-

ghoK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK gqsh fJj ;kvh ;Zuh-;[Zuh oXKibh j't/rh.

;kv/ kBkwZs/ nwho jhdhnK d/ fto;/-ftok;s d/ fJfsjk; B{z

mhe gq;zr ftu b'VhAdk ;EkB fdtk e/ gzikp d/ ;kfjs s/ fJfsjk; B{z

d[BhnK d/ e'B/-e'B/ ftu B o eoB dh nfsnzs b'V j?. fi; bJh fe

gpfbe ;?whBko, ;e{bK-ekbiK, Xkofwe ;EkBK, n pkoK, fJzNoB?ZN

ns/ Nhatha u?BbK okjhA ikDekoh fdZsh ikDh pj[s o{oh j?.

eh e'Jh 'qwDh ;z;Ek, ;zs ;wki, ;kvhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK, ftdtkBK,

gzikph j?ohN/i s/ ebuob ;[;kfJNhnK iK fco e'Jh r[o{ dhnK pyf K

;dek XzB-d"bs d/ GzvkoK ftu y/vdk-wZbdk r[o{ fgnkok nkgD/ nkg

B{z d' ;tkb g[ZSD dh sebhc eo/rk< gfjbk ;tkb fJj j? fe nZi sZe

T[; dk fJ; gk;/ fXnkB feT[A BjhA frnk< d{ik ;tkb fJj j? fe eh fJ;

;pzXh j[D th n;hA ;w[Zu/ s"o s/ iK fco e'Jh ;zt/dBk hb ;ZiD :sB hb

j' ;edk j?<

fJj nZi ;w[Zuh gzikphns jh BjhA ;r'A ;ko/ GkoshnK ns/ yk;

98

eoe/ f;Zy e"w nZr/ pj[s jh tZvh u[D"sh j? fe ;w/A dh wko d/ fybkc

fJBQK fJfsjk;e :kdrkoh Xo'joK B{z ;zGkbD dh w[fjzw S/Vh ikt/ sK fe

;kvhnK ns/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK B{z fJj nfjw e"wh ikDekoh d/D

ti'A n;hA nkgDk fJj nZtb s/ nkyoh e"wh co ndk eo ;ehJ/.

oZp y?o eo/! j[D th tes j? fe ok Noh J/esk B{z poeoko oZyD

bJh n;hA nkg th ;zGbhJ/ s/ pjkdo e"w d/ tKr nkgD/ jhdK dhnK

e"wh :kdrkoK B{z th ;zGkbhJ/. fJj :kdrkoh ;wkoe ;kB{z nZi th e"w

d/ tøkdko tv/fonK dh e[opkBh s/ d/ Grsh dh :kd fdtk oj/ jB.

jhdK dh nkswk dh ntk dh soiwkBh eodk j'fJnk pjkdo

kj co efjzdk j?-

Bk fe;h eh nKy ek B{o j{z, Bk fe;h e/ fdb ek eoko j{z,

i' fe;h e/ ekw Bk nk ;e/, w?A t' fJe w[ s J/ r[pko j{z,

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

i' fprV r:k, t' B;hp j{z, i' T[iV r:k t' fdnko j{z,

cks?j e'Jh nkJ/ feT{A, e'Jh uko c{b uVkJ/ feT{A,

e'Jh nk e/ wK ibkJ/ feT{A, w?A p/e;h ek w ko j{z.@

99

yoV f;oc y?V jh BjhA j?\ d';s'

Xosh d/ g[oksBsw e;fpnK ftu'A yoV Bro fJe f;ow"o fyZsk j?.

yoV pd yopV pd dk pdfbnk o{g j?. yopV dk noE T[Zuh-BhthA

Xoksb jz[dk j? ns/ yoV d/ fJbke/ dh whB fJ; dh gqshe j?. fJE'A d/

t;Bhe nkgDh p'bpkDh ftu yoV B{z y?V jh efjzd/ jB. kfJd T[j th

BjhA ikDd/ fe nZi d/ fJ; nDr"b/ fyZs/ dk fJfsjk; bkrb/ e;fpnK

fit/A fe xV{znK, w'fozvk, ;zx'b, pB{V, fy okpkd, wBhwkiok, fgzi"o s/

x[Vkw tKr jh g[okDk j?.

Xosh dh gqkuhBsk ns/ T[; dh e[Zy ftu'A T[ZGohnK ;ZfGnksktK s/

;fGnkuko dh g[oksBsk pko/ sK e'Jh ze/ tkbh rZb jh BjhA j?. Xosh

dh fjZe s/ g[oksB ephfbnK s/ T[BQK d/ t;kJ/ eJh Bro- fjo gqkuhB

;fwnK dh ejkDh ;[DkT[Ad/ jB.

yoV dk fJfsjk; GrtkB okw uzdo d/ dkdk wjkokik nZi d/ Bkb

i[Vdk j? feT[Afe t/d-g[okDK nB[;ko yoV dk ;o'to wjkokik nZi B/

pDkfJnk ;h. fJ; soQK jh wjkokik nZi tZb'A nkgD/ g[Zso d oE dk

ftnkj x[Vkw Bro dh wksk e[ Zfbnk Bkb eoBk th T[go'es sZE dh

gq'Vsk eodk j?.

o'gV, fy okpkd s/ fgzi"o sZe dk ;kok fJbkek ;kvh w[Y-edhwh

f;zX xkNh dh ;fGnsk Bkb i[Vdk j?. fJ; soQK jh fJ; fJbke/ dk Bro

;zx'b p[ZX ekb d/ ;w/A dk nshs ;zGkbh p?mk j?. T[; ;w/A dfonk ;sb[i

;zx'b d/ e'b'A dh tfjzdk ;h. fJE/ p[ZX ekb d/ ;Zs g{ik wzfdo Gkt

;s{fgnK dh y[dkJh ns/ uhBh :ksoh ckjh:kB dh fJfjsk;e rtkjh

fJ; rZb dk ;p{s j?. fJ; soQK jh i/ yoV s/ x[Vkw dk fJfsjk; owkfJD

ekb Bkb i[Vdk j? sK xV{zJ/ fgzv dk fJfsjk; fJE'A d/ ;o'to ;dek

wjKGkos ekb Bkb ik fwbdk j?.

yoV d/ B dhe 18 thA ;dh d/ [o{ ftu pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo

tZb'A fiZsh rJh uZgV fuVh dh bVkJh sK fJ; fJbke/ B{z j'o th fJfsjk;e

wjkBsk gqdkB eodh j?. ;ofjzd d/ ;{p/dko t ho ykB dhnK c"iK Bkb

pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh c"i dh NZeo 12 wJh, 1710 B{z SgV fMVh

100

d/ ;EkB s/ j'Jh. SgV fMVh B{z j[D ugV fuVh d/ Bkw Bkb ikfDnk

iKdk j? s/ fJj uzvhrVQ s'A seohpB 10-12 feb'whNo dh d{oh s/

bKvoK-yoV ;Ve s/ tkfenk j?. fJE/ pVh xw;kB dh izr 12 wJh,

1710 B{z j'Jh. fJe gk;/ ;{pk ;ofjzd t ho yK dh wdd bJh bkj"o d/

;{p/dko s'A b? e/ fdZbh w[rb pkd kj co[y;hno dh c"i ;h.

d{i/ gk;/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/ Bkb r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx

;kfjp tZb'A G/i/ iE/dko pkpk fpB'X f;zx, pkpk ekjB f;zx, pkpk pki

f;zx, pkpk okw f;zx, ;b"dh tkb/ pkpk nkbh f;zx s pkpk wkbh f;zx

nkfd s'A fJbktk pjkdo f;zxK s/ f;zxDhnK s'A fJbktk ;w[Zuk gzikp

Gkt r[Zio, b[pkD/ f;zx, gZSVhnK s/ dfbs ikshnK d/ b'e fJe b'e

u/sBk pD e/ fJBebkp d/ o{g ftu kfwb ;B. fJBQK e'b w[rb je{ws

torhnK Bk s'gK ;B s/ Bk jfEnko ;B. jK fJBQK ;G gzikphnK d/ wBK

ftu [bw s/ ipo d/ fybkc fJe o'j ;h. S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK tor/

w b{wK, fBd'f nK s/ p/;jkok n"osK s/ pZfunK s/ w[rb je{ws tZb'A

ehs/ nfsnkukoK fto[ZX fJBQK b'eK d/ wB ftu ;G s'A tZvk o'j ;h. fJ;

bJh T[BQK B/ i' th jfEnko Gkt y/sK ftu ezw eoB tkb/ ;zd fit/A fe

e;"bh, ejh, e[jkVh s/ iK rzvk;/, SthnK, poS/ s/ sbtkoK jh ;B.

fJfsjk; y[d rtkj j? s/ nZi pZu/-pZu/ B{z gsk j? fe 710 ;kb dh

bzph r[bkwh s'A pknd wfjw{d r Bth d/ gfjb/ jwb/ s'A b? e/ fJj

gzikp d/ ;w[Zu/ b'eK dh pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh ;[uZih nrtkJh,

b'eK d/ fwbtosD ns/ ;G s'A tZX ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx dh i'

Goh gq/oDk ;dek ;ofjzd dh csfj fe;/ fJzBh tZvh je{ws d/ fto[ZX

b'eK dh gfjbh fBoDkfJe fiZs ti'A j'Jh. f;ZyK dk oki ;Ekfgs j'fJnk.

e/;oh fB kB M[b/. kjh f;Ze/ s/ w'joK ikoh j'JhnK. w[Zedh rZb! r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ okJ/e'N ;EkB s/ ehs/ fJbkjh puBK nB[;ko

w[rb oki dh BhAj ;dk bJh g[ZNh rJh.

fJ; T[gozs p/ Ze fco nkg;h c[ZN s/ Jhoyk d/ Bshi/ ti'A f;Zy

fJfsjk; dk ekbk d"o nkfJnk. go fw;b ekb ftu r[o{ BkBe s/ r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx Bkw b/tk fw;bK d/ iE/dkoK B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/

bJh wjkB jb/wh f;Zy oki dhnK jZdK ncrkfB;skB dh ;ojZd fg "o

s'A b? e/ fgzi"o sZe gZehnK ehshnK.

101

fJE/ f eo:'r j? fe uZgV fuVh dh bVkJh ftu ;ko/ gzikp s'A

tZy-tZy iE/dkoK s/ T[BQK d/ ifEnK s'A fJbktk pkpk dhg f;zx s/ T[BQK

d/ izri{ f;ZyK ns/ GkJh o{g uzd d/ g[Zso pkpk Xow f;zx s/ eow f;zx

B/ fJ; xw;kB ftu tX-uV e/ fjZ;k fbnk. fJ; izr ftu iE/dko pki

f;zx B/ t ho yK B{z ;kjwD/ j' e/ tzrkfonk s/ T[; s/ poS/ Bkb tko

ehsk. fJj poSk t ho yK d/ x'V/ d/ wZE/ ftu tZfink. fJ; T[gozs

t ho yK s/ T[; d/ nzr oZfyneK B/ pkpk pki f;zx B{z x/o fbnk. fJj t/

y e/ pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ pkpk csfj f;zx s[ozs pki f;zx dh wdd

s/ gj[zu/. fJ; ;w/A pkpk csfj f;zx B/ sbtko d/ fJe Got/A tko Bkb

t ho yK B{z w'Y/ s'A Sksh sZe uho fdZsk s/ T[; dh w"s j' rJh. T[; B{z

f;zxK B/ izv Bkb g[Zmk bNek fdZsk. fJj izv j[D sZe th fJE/ w"i{d j?.

fJ; soQK f;zxK d/ i' s/ r[o{ xo d/ gqsh fgnko s/ tckdkoh d/

;kjwD/ ;{pk ;ofjzd dh fNZvh db fizBh c"i ;{p/dko t ho ykB dh

bkbs Goh w"s s'A pknd w?dkB SZv e/ GZi T[mh. fJ; s'A pknd pkpk

pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ r[o{ d;t/A gkfs kj d/ f;zxK B/ wk;{w s/ fBod'

;kfjp kfdnK dk pdbk ;ofjzd dh fJZN Bkb fJZN yVek e/ fbnk.

uZgV fuVh dh bVkJh ftu ;{pk ;ofjzd t ho yK s/ T[; d/ u'Dt/A

efjzd/-ejkT[Ad/ ioB?b wko/ rJ/. t ho yK B{z fJe izv Bkb g[Zmk bNek

fdZsk frnkl i' fe nZi fJ; Xosh s/ ;[GkJ/wkB j?. fJE'A f;Zy c"i B/

uZgV fuVh dh fiZs s'A pknd pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo s/ T[; d/

;jkfJe iE/dko

102

s[ozs ;ofjzd tZb e{u ehsk s/ 14 wJh B{z ;ofjzd dk febQk csfj eoe/

f;Zy oki dk Mzvk M[bkfJnk frnk. dZf;nk iKdk j? fe ;ofjzd dhnK

w;fidK B{z SZv e/ jo jt/bh s/ jo xo B{z BhAjK sZe g[ZN fdZsk frnk.

nZi th nzdo{Bh ;ofjzd fjo d/ nzdo ikD s/ ;kc fdydk j? fe wekBK

d/ BhAjK d/ gZXo sZe jh S'NhnK bkj"oh fJZNK bZrhnK jB. T[; s'A T[go

;ofjzd dh w[V T[;koh j'Jh j?.

fJ; soQK uZgV fuVh dh bVkJh ftu Gkos s/ yk; s"o s/ gzikp dh

710 ;kb dh r[bkwh dk i{bQk bkfjnk frnk. id'A fe wfjw{d r Bth

s'A b? e/ ;{pk ;ofjzd d/ w[rb ;{p/dko t ho yK sZe fe;/ th r?o w[beh

;bsBs B{z gfjbh tko fJzBh tZvh :[Zr gbNkT{ s/ Bw' h Goh jko dk

;kjwDk eoBk fgnk.

d{i/ gk;/ gzikp d/ ;XkoB b'eK B/ gfjbh tko izr d/ w?dkB ftu

c?;bke[zB fiZs dk w{zj t/fynk. f;ZyK dh fJ; ;[Bfjoh fiZs dh p[fBnkd

T[go fco f;Zy fw;bK B/ w[rbK s/ d[okBhnK d/ B;be[ h tor/ s ZddK d/

pkti{d th ;odkohnK ekfJw ehshnK. fJ; soQK jhdK dk bj{ ozr

fbnkfJnk ns/ ;zB 1801 ftu wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/A gzikp ftu

y[dw[yfsnko f;Zy oki dk j{o j'fJnk.

;zB 1748 s'A pknd fw;bK dh ;KMh db ykb;k c"i d/ ;w/A yoV s/

fJ; d/ nk;-gk; dk fJbkek o'gV, w'fozvk, wB"bh, GosrVQ, e[okbh,

f;nkbpk, ;h;tK, fy okpkd, w[ZbKg[o, wBhwkiok s/ fgzi"o sZe d/

fJbke/ f;Zy fw;bK d/ nfXeko y/so ftu nkJ/. 14 iBtoh 1764 B{z

f;Zy fw;bK dh iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk dh ewkB j/m nfjwd kj

npdkbh tZb'A Ekg/ ;ofjzd d/ ;{p/dko ?B ykB B{z jok e/ d[pkok ;ofjzd

B{z fiZfsnk frnk.

S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnK d/ jhdh ;EkB s/ r[od[nkok csfjrVQ ;kfjp

T[;kfonk frnk. ;ofjzd dk Bkw pdb e/ csfjrVQ ;kfjp oZfynk frnk.

fJ; ;w/A ;ofjzd s'A yoV s/ wBhwkio/ s'Z nZr/ fgzi"o sZe dk fJbkek 7

fw;bK ftu tzfvnk frnk.

103

yoV s/ w'fozvk fB kBtkbk fw;b d/ Xow f;zx s/ T[; d/ g[Zso d/

nfXeko ftu fojk j?. o'gV vZb/tkbhnk fw;b d/ G{g f;zx d/ e'b fojk.

vZb/tkbhnk fw;b d/ jh fJe gqw[Zy ;odko joh f;zx ftoe B{z uwe"o,

e[okbh, f;nkbpk, ;h;tK s/ fy okpkd d/ fJbke/ fwb/. ;G s'A tZX

fjZ;k c? bg[ohnk fw;b d/ Btkp eg{o f;zx d/ g[Zso y[ jkb f;zx B{z

fwfbnk. T[; d/ fJbke/ ftu GosrVQ, xB"bh, u{zBh-wZSbh, Gi"bh s/

ezX'bk fwb/.

c{behnK fw;b d/ gfNnkbk oki xokD/ d/ pkBh pkpk nkbk f;zx

d/ fjZ;/ ftu 8 fgzv fit/A fe Gkr{ wkiok, G[yVh, vZv{ wkiok, ykB g[o,

n"ibk, gho ;'jkDk, f;zpb wkiok s/ ;j"VK nkJ/. pknd ftu 1765 d/

eohp ?B yK d/ wkb nc;o rzrk okw d/ g[Zso rohp dk; B/ w[ZbKg[o

rohpdk;, wBhwkiok s/ f;nkbpk s/ ep k iwk fbnk. go nc;'; dh

rZb j? fe wjkokik oDihs f;zx dh w"s s'A fgZS'A fJj ;kok fJbkek ;zB

1845-46 ftu nzro/ K B/ gfjbh n?Arb' f;Zy bVkJh s'A pknd nkgD/

nXhB eo fbnk.

fco d/ dh n kdh dh bVkJh ftu o'gV s/ yoV d/ pj[s ;ko/

;zxo h :'fXnK B/ tZX-uVQ e/ fjZ;k fbnk. fi; ftu fe jhd gzfvs

ek hokw wV"bh tkb/ dk Bkw f;ow"o j?. gzfvs ek h okw nwohek ftu

rZdo gkoNh d/ gqw[Zy rZdoh pkfpnK ftu'A fJe ;B. fJBQK B/ d/ dh

n kdh bJh nkgDk ;[Bfjok GftZy s/ ikB sZe th e[opkB eo

fdZsk. fJBQK B{z bkj"o ;kfi e/; d/ sfjs 27 wkou 1915 B{z cK;h

d/ fdZsh rJh.

fJBQK s'A fJbktk ;tszsosk ;zrokwhnK ftu yoV d/ bkbk fBoziD

dk;, ;qh d/; oki s/ BtK fjo pvkbh d/ ;qL jofdnkb f;zx, fgqEth

f;zx n kd s/ osB f;zx pkrh s/ frnkBh okfizdo f;zx o'gV d/ Bkw

Bz[wkfJnk jB. fJE/ f eo:'r j? fe gzikp d/ ;G s'A tZX e[ b s/ jowB

fgnko/ nc;o ;qL wfjzdo f;zx ozXktk nkJha;han?Z;a j'J/ jB. fiBQK B/ fe

uzvhrVQ d/ fBowkD ftu iZr kfjok :'rdkB gkfJnk. T[j gzikp d/

;fGnkuko d/ w'Yh fgskwk nbzpodkoK ftu'A fJe yk; j;skyo ;B.

ozXktk ;kfjp th nkgDh foNkfJow?AN s'A pknd uzvhrVQ Bk ofj e/ yoV

104

nk e/ t;/. kfJd fJ; dk w[Zy ekoB fJj j? fe T[BQK B{z yoV d/ ftok;sh

fgS'eV dk frnkB ;h.

n kdh s'A pknd 1966 ftu yoV s/ o'gV sfj;hbK B{z f bQk nzpkbk

s'A b? e/ ns/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp d/ fJbke/ B{z f bQk j[f nkog[o s'A b? e/

f bQk o'gV j'Ad ftu fbnKdk frnk. w[Zy wzsoh frnkBh ?b f;zx t/b/

o'gV dk Bkw o{gBro ftu spdhb ehsk frnk. fco ;zB 1999 B{z

ykb;k f;oiDk fdt; wBkT[D tk;s/ w[Zy wzsoh ;qL gqek f;zx pkdb

B/ o'gV f bQ/ dh ekfJnk ebg ehsh. T[; ;w/A b/ye B/ f bQk o{gBro dk

fvgNh efw Bo j'D d/ Bks/ yoV s/ nk;-gk; d/ e;fpnK dh b'VhAdh

fbgk-g'sh eoB dh E'VQh-pj[s e'f ehsh.

go c/o i[zw/ s'A i[zw/ sZe nZm fdB Gkt Z[eotko s'A [Zeotko sZe d/

w[jkto/ nB[;ko yoV d/ ftek; dh rsh fco w[V-fxV e/ nkgDh g[okDh

Yhue ukb s/ jh nk rJh. nZi fco id'A yoV sfj;hb ftu g?Ad/ uZgV

fuVh d/ w?dkB s/ fgzvK d/ ftek; dh rZb uZb ojh j? sK ;kB{z G[ZbDk

BjhA ukjhdk fe fJj yoV fJbke/ dk T[j ;EkB j?l fiE/ fe gzikp B/

fBozso 800 ;kb dh r[bkwh s'A pknd gfjbh fJfsjk;e fiZs gqkgs

ehsh ;h.

j[D Bt/A ;kb 2010 ftu yoV ;p fvth B d/ t;BheK ftu fJE'A

d/ ;w[Zu/ ftek; dh nk; pZMh j?. gzikp ;oeko tZb'A Bt/A ;kb d/ s'jc/

ti'A fJfsjk;e go nDr"b/ uZgV fuVh d/ w?dkB d/ ftek; d/ n?bkB B/

b'eK ftu nkgD/ Gkr y[ZbQD torh T[whd dh fuDr irkJh j?. fJ;

bJh fJBQK bkxk:'r T[Zdw-T[gokfbnK ftu ;kvhnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK

ghVQhnK d/ ;dkukoe s/ ;fGnkukoe ftek; bJh ;jkfJe ftfdne

;ehwK s/ f;b/p;K B{z gfjbh soihj fdZsh ikDh ukjhdh j?.

fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;oeko tZb'A fJE'A d/ ;wki dh f;js s/ szdo[;sh dh

;[ZX-p[ZX b?Dh nfs o{oh j?. fJ; gZy'A yoV d/ rohp s/ fgSV/ fJbke/ dh

po-;ko b?D tk;s/ j;gskb s/ B k S[vkT{ e/Ado th ;oeko s/ gq k;B

dh ekor[ koh dh fuozihth fB kBh pD ;ed/ jB.

105

w[Zedh rZb\ i/ bZeV Bkb b'jk th soBk j? sK uZgV fuVh dk

ftek; w'jkbh f bQ/ d/ ;w[Zu/ uj[z w[yh ftek; dk gqshe pDBk ukjhdk

j?. fJ; fyZs/ ftu tZ;d/ bZyK gfotkoK dh b'VhAdh ;/tk s/ y[ jkbh bJh

;oeko tZb'A fJj bkxk:'r T[dw nkgD/-nkg ftu fJe tZv/ co dh

ndkfJrh d/ s[Zb j't/rk. fJ; s'A fJbktk Bkb/ g[zB s/ Bkb jh cbhnK dh

b'e-f;nkDg nB[;ko ;kvk fJj ;/tk s/ oXk Gog{o T[gokbk nkgD/

G[Zbd/ ik oj/ nwo jhdK B{z e"w tZb'A ;Zuh-;Z[uh oXKibh j't/rk.

106

fJfsjkf;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'ykfJfsjkf;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'ykfJfsjkf;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'ykfJfsjkf;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'ykfJfsjkf;e skpdhnK dk b/yk-i'yk

n;hA tvGkr/ jK fe r[o{ BkBe s'A r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx s/ pd r[o{ ;qh

r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ Bkwb/tk oXkb{nK ns/ yk; s"o s/ f;Zy irs

tb'A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ r[o{sk rZdh fdt; d/ 300 ;kbk ;wkrw

nes{po 2008 ftu d/ Fftd/ ftu pj[s jh ftnkge gZXo s/

uktKFT[wzrK Bkb wBkJ/ rJ/. fJ; s'A gfjbK th 1966 ftu ;qh r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx ih dk 300 ;kbk ntsko g[op, fco ;zB 1969 ftu ;qh r[o{

BkBe d/t ih dk 500 ;kbk iBw fdt; ns/ 1977 ftu ;qh nzfwqs;o

dk 400 ;kbk ;EkgBk fdt; fij/ ;wkrw pj[s jh kB'F "es Bkb

wBkJ/ rJ/.

go ;w{j ;zrsK d/ oXkF;fseko B{z i/ fJe gk;/ oy fbnk ikt/ sK

e[b fwbk e/ fJe e"Vk ;Zu pkeh pudk j? fe fJj skpdhnK otkfJsh fij/

s"oFsohe/ nB[;ko fgsoK d/ okXK ti'A jh wBkJhnK rJhnK ejhnK ik

;edhnK jB.

y?o! i' nb"fee ib"n ;qh nkBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ T[; ;w/A d/yD B{z

fwfbnkl fJj nkgD/ nkg ftu pj[s jh ft;wkdh s/ ftbZyD ;h.

nkBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ seohpB fJZe eo'V oXkb{nK dh nkwd ns/

T[BQK d/ ;[Zy s/ nkokw bJh :Ek eshl w[Zy wzsoh ;odko gqek f;zx

pkdb dh nrtkJh j/m gzikp ;oeko ;zs, wjkswK, tZyFtZy ;zgodktK

107

s/ f bQk o'gV d/ t;BheK ns/ ;/teK tb'A ehs/ rJ/ gqpzXK dh ft kbsk

fJZe iBw ftu fJZe tko tkgoB tkbh wjkB xNBk tKr ;h. pj[s

;ko/ XowK s/ ;zgodktK B/ fJ; gktB g[op s/ pVh oXk s/ ;fseko

Bkb f oes ehsh.

d[fBnkth gZXo s/ Gkos d/ ok Nogsh s'A b? e/ gqXkB wzsoh, Gkos

;oeko d/ t ho s/ tZyFtZy ;{fpnK dhnK ;oekoK d/ B[wkfJzfdnK s'A

fJbktk nwohek, e?B/vk s/ fJzrb?Av ns/ eJh gqKsK d/ gqshfBXK B/

ykb;/ dh iBw G{wh fty/ oXk s/ ;BwkB g{ote jk oh b[nkJh. fJZE/

fJj dZ;Dk :'r j't/rk fe T[; ;w/A fszB ;kpek gqXkB wzsohnK ns/

fszB'A ;?BktK d/ w[yhnK dh jk oh s'A fJbktk c"i d/ nc;oK s/ i[nkBK s'A

fJbktk gzikp s/ Gkos ;oeko d/ seohpB jo gqpzXeh ftGkr d/ nkbQk

nc;oK s/ eowukohnK B/ sB'FwB' nkgDhnK fvT{NhnK fBGkJhnK. d/

Fftd/ s'A gZsoekoK s/ Nhatha u?BbK d/ gqshfBXK B/ th fJ; wjkB

g[op B{z ;z;ko gZXo s/ gqukfonk s/ gq;kfonk. nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/

nkT[D tkbhnK oXkb{ ;zrsK dh p/Fpjk frDsh ns/ T[BQK dh nkgD/

Xow ns/ r[o{ gqsh oXkFnk;Ek s'A gqGkfts j' e/ d[BhnK dhnK wzBhnK

rJhnK tZvhnK skesK nwohek s/ fJzrb?Av d/ w[Zy oki;h B/sktK tb'A

tXkJh ;zd/ G/i/ rJ/. T[; tes nwohek d/ ok Nogsh fpb efbzNB B/

fdb dhnK v{zxkJhnK s'A ;w{j nwohek tk;hnK tb'A fyoki/ nehds g/

eoB fjZs nkgDk tXkJh ;zd/ G/fink.

fJ; sq? skpdh s'A T[gozs 18 ngo?b, 2004 B{z yv{o ;kfjp fty/ ;qh

r[o{ nzrd d/t ih dk 500 ;kbk iBw fdt;, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk

;qh nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fty/ 1 ;szpo, 2004 B{z 400 ;kbk gqek T[s;t,

18 d;zpo s'A 21 d;zpo, 2004 B{z tZv/ ;kfjp kfdnK ;kfjp nihs

f;zx s/ ;kfjp i[Mko f;zx ns/ uwe"o dh rVQh d/ jhdK dk 300 ;kbk

g[op ns/ fco 24 d;zpo s'A 27 d;zpo, 2004 B{z csfjrVQ ;kfjp fty/

d' S'N/ ;kfjp kfdnKl ;kfjp 'okto f;zx s/ ;kfjp csfj f;zx d/ jhdh

;ke/ dh sq? skpdh ti'A wjkB ;wkrw iE/dko ;odko r[ouoB f;zx

N"jVk dh nrtkJh j/m q'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh tb'A ns/ gzikp

;oeko tb'A T[d'A d/ w[Zy wzsoh e?gNB nwfozdo f;zx dh nrtkJh j/m

108

;w{j Bkwb/tk ;zrsK tb'A r[o{nK s/ T[BQK d/ jhdKFw[ohdK gqsh g{oB

oXk s/ ;fseko ;fjs wBkJ/ rJ/. fydokD/ dh Ykp w[es;o fty/ izr

d/ 40 w[efsnK dh jhdh dk 300 ;kbk fdt; 4 wJh, 2006 B{z g{oB

oXk Bkb wBkfJnk frnk s/ f;zxK dh fJ; e[opkBh dh :kd ftu

w[esk whBko e"w B{z ;wofgs ehsk frnk.

fco ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp d/ sbtzvh ;kp' s'A pfmzv/ d/ febQ/

ftu nkrwB dh :kd ti'A 300 ;kbk nkrwB g[op 21 ngo?b, 2006

B{z ;zgzB j'fJnk. T[; s'A pknd f;Zy Xow d/ q'wDh jhd ;qh r[o{ noiB

d/t ih dk 400 ;kbk jhdh fdt; 16 i{B, 2004 B{z soBskoB fty/

wBkfJnk frnk. T[gozs nkfd rqzE ;kfjp dh g[Bo ;zgkdBk ns/ g[Bo

;EkgBk dk sq? skpdh gktB g[op 30 nr;s, 2006 B{z s s ;qh dwdwk

;kfjp, sbtzvh ;kp' fty/ ;w{j ;zrsK, q'wDh ew/Nh s/ gzikp ;oeko

tb'A pj[s jh oXk s/ ;BwkB g{ote wBkfJnk frnk. fco ;Zuyzv ; qh

j {o ;kfjp fty / 7 nes{po, 2008 B{ z r [o { r'fp zd f; zx ;kfjp

d/ i'fs i's ;wkT[D ns/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z pd r[o{ d/ ;to{g ftu

r[orZdh d/D d/ gktB g[opK dh sq? skpdh wBkJh rJh.

r[opkDh dk c[owkB j? ;kfjp[ j'fJ dfJnkb[ feogk eo/ sk ;kJh

eko eokfJ;h. ;' ;/te[ ;/tk eo/ fi; B' j[ew[ wBkfJ;h..@ fpbe[b fJ;

nB[;ko w?A ;wMdk jK fe w/o/ fe;/ iBw d/ uzr/ eowK ;dek w?B{z T[go'es

;kohnK 9 skpdhnK B{z wBkT[D dk ;[Gkr nt;o fwfbnk. w?A gzikp

;oeko d/ Gkt/A fe;/ th n"jd/ s/ fojkl go ;oeko tb'A fJBQK gktB

;[Bfjoh g[opK B{z w?B{z wBkTD dh ;/tk fJfsjk;e skpdhnK d/ ;?eNoh

iBob ti'A fwbh ojh. fJ; soQK pj[s ;ko/ Xkofwe w[yhnK, iE/dkoK,

;/tkdkoK, oki;h s/ gq k;eh n"jd/dkoK ns/ eowukohnK Bkb fwb e/l w?A

r[o{ feqgk Bkb r[o{ xfo dh fsbc[b ;/tk fBGkT[D d/ ekfpb j' ;fenk.

fJj ;/tk fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/ nekb g[oy dh fwjo ;dek w?B{z i' nBzd

fwfbnkl T[j w/o/ bJh r{zr/ dh wfmnkJh tKr j?. fit/A fe r{zrk wfmnkJh

dk ;tkd sK ;wMdk j?, go T[; B{z dZ; BjhA ;edk. w/o/ bJh y[d fJe' jh

;w/A fJj j?okBh ns/ y[ h dh rb pDdh j? fe ;/tk d/ nkyoh fdB fwsh

30 nr;s 2006 B{z th w?B{z sbtzvh ;kp' fty/ r[o{ xfo dh ;/tk ti'A

109

sq? skpdh wBkT[D dk ;[Gkr nt;o fwfbnk.

fJ; gq;zr B{z E'VQ/ fij/ ft;Eko ftu dZ;D dh b'V j?. w?B{z y[ h fJ;

rZb dh j? fe w?A sbtzvh ;kp' fty/ ps"o efw Bo føo' g[o s/ cohde'N

d'BK vth BK s'A foNkfJow?AN d/ nkyoh fdB B{z r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp

tb'A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dh g[Bo ;zgkdBk s/ g[Bo ;EkgBk d/ sq? skpdh

g[op dh ;/tk fBGk fojk ;K. fJ; d/ Bkb jh j?okBh dh rZb fJj ;h fe

fJ; s'A gfjbK id'A ;zB 1981 ftu w/oh sbtzvh ;kp' s'A ps"o n?Z;avhan?Zwa

pdbh j'Jh ;h sK w?A pj[s wk:{; j'fJnk ;h feT[Afe w/oh r[o{ xfo dh ;/

tk nukBe N[ZN rJh ;h. j[D id'A gZuh ;kb pkd r[o{ feqgk ;dek

n?Z;avhan?Zwa s'A fes/ T[go d/ nj[d/ Bkb w?A fJ; gktB ;EkB s/ ;/tk

fBGk fojk ;h sK w?B{z :ehB BjhA ;h j' fojk fe nekb g[oy dh feqgk ed/

fJT[A th j[zdh j?< y?o! fJj ;/tk fBGkT[Ad/ j'J/, w?B{z i' p/fw;kb nBzd s/

;e{B gqkgs j'fJnkl T[j w/oh efjDh s/ eEBh s'A pkjo j?.

w?A gkmeK Bkb nkgDh fJj y[ h th ;KMh eoBh ukjKrk fe w/ohnK

fdbh GktBktK nB[;ko fit/A w?B{z r[o{ xfo dh ;/tk d/ o{g ftu 9

skpdhnK wBkT[D dk w"ek fwfbnk, T[; soQK jh w?B{z ni'e/ ;w/A d/

;[szsosk ;zrokwhnK, ;zxo h :'fXnK s/ jhdK d/ f;ow"o jhd ;odko

Grs f;zx, okir[o{ s/ ;[yd/t dh 75thA jhdh po;hl T[BQK d/ jhdh

;wkoe j[;?Bhtkbk pkovo, f bQk føo' g[o fty/ 23 wkou, 2006 B{z

ps"o efw Bo føo' g[o s/ cohde'N fvth B wBkT[D dk d;tK ;[Gkr

w"ek fwfbnk. nekb g[oy dh fwjo ;dek w?B{z fJj ;ko/ wjkB s/ gktB

g[op wBkT[D dk f;oc wkD jh BjhA fwfbnk. ;r'A nkgD/ r[o{nK, ghoK

s/ jhdKFw[ohdK dh pyf ;dek i' ft;wkdh nBzd s/ bkjk w?A b?

;fenkl T[j ;ko/ ft;wkdh gb gb s/ xVhnK w/o/ ihtB dk jkf;b jB.

j[D ojhl ;kvh ;w[Zuh e"w dh oXkFnk;Ek d/ fwnko dh rZb. p;

mhe j?l n;hA tvGkr/ jK fe fJj fJfsjk;e skpdhnK ;zB 1966 s'A b?

e/ j[D 2008 sZe ;kv/ ihtB ekb ftu nkJhnK s/ ;kB{z fJBQK gktBFg[opK

B{z wBkT[D dk ;[Gkr w"ek fwfbnk. go e[b fwbk e/ fJBQK ;kohnK

skpdhnK d/ wjksw dh p[bzdh s/ fJBQK gqsh ;kv/ feodko dh o;ksb

dk fJj ck;bk fJ; soQK j? fi; soQK fe fdB s/ oks dk ftuekobk

110

ck;bk j[zdk j? ns/ iK fco fJ; soQK fejk ik ;edk j? fe fit/A ;kvhnK

ohMK s/ ;kvh n"eks ftubk ck;bk j[zdk j?. w[Zedh rZb! fJj j? fe fJj

ck;bk ;kv/ feodko s/ rZbpks d/ ftub/ ck;b/ tKr gqsZy fdf;nk.

fJj fpbe[b fJT[A bZrdk fojk j? fe fit/A fJj ck;bk ;kvh nfrnkBsk

ns/ ;[eoks dh ftdtsk d/ dofwnkB dk ck;bk j't/. ;kvh eEBh s/

eoBh ftu jw/ K fJj nzso fojk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu pkpk cohd dk

eEB šcohdk b'V? dky fpi[ohnk feefo phi? iN[ jzY? T[AB eskfJdk

g?Xk b'V? gZN[@ ;kvh fJ; ;koh ;fEsh B{z j'o th ;t?F;g N eo fdzdk j?.

;kv/ nwho s/ kBkFwZs/ fto;/ dh ikDekoh d/D ns/ T[; dh

b'VhAdh ;zGkb dh nfjwhns B{z fgSb/ eJh djkfenK s'A kfjok s"o s/

n;hA nZyFgq'y/ ehsk j'fJnk j?. ;dkukfoe ihtB ?bh, fwnkoh nkuoD

s/ ;wkfie f ;Nkuko B{z jo gZy'A fGq Nkukoh x[D B/ y'ybk pDk fdZsk

j?. kfJd n;hA n kdh B{z nkgDh n? gq;s fposh dh fsqgsh jh ;wM

p?m/ jK. fi; eoe/ ;kB{z p[fBnkdh ;wkfie s/ okiBhse edoKFehwsK

ft;o rJhnK jB. fi; d/ f;ZN/ ti'A ok Noh GktBk, d/ Fgq/w, nkg;h

GkJhuko/ s/ pokpoh d/ ;kv/ tvw[Zb/ ftok;sh y kB/ B{z fJZe tZvh Ykj

bZrh j?. fi; bJh gfjbK tKr j[D pkjob/ j[ewokB f zw/tko BjhA

mfjokJ/ ik ;ed/.

;kvh ihtB iku s/ ofjDF;fjD ftu ;g N fBxko ;kvh nkgDh

jh T[gi j?. ni'ek ;wki nkgD/ nwho gzikph fto;/ s'A ikD p[M e/ nt/

;bk j'fJnk brdk j?. f zdrh ftu ;kdFw[okdh ihtB iku ns/

T[uhF;[uh ;'u j[D p/wsbp fijh j'Jh ikgdh j?.

nZi ;w/A dh tZvh wzr j? fe n;hA c"oh s"o s/ ;kvhnK p [or ghVQhnK

tb'A ;kv/ toswkB dh ykfso ehs/ ;zxo K s/ e[opkBhnK B{z ;zGkbhJ/.

fJ; bJh fJj p/jZd o{oh j' u[Zek j? fe n;hA nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK

tk;s/ nkgD/ nkbh kB s/ p/fw;kb fto;/ B{z ;KGD bJh :sB hb j'JhJ/

sK fe tvFtv/fonK dhnK gftZso :kdrkoK :[r'F:[r fJ; Xosh s/

;[GfJwkB ofjD ns/ ;kB{z d/ gq/w s/ ;t?wkD dk ;pe fdzdhnK ofjD.

nZi ;kvh e"w d/ ;zxo h :'fXnK dh :kd s/ T[BQK dhnK :kdrkoh

fJfsjk;e fB kBhnK dh nDw'b ftok;s ;kB{z tzrkoFtzrko e/ efj

111

ojh j?l šip fby' skohy r[b B eh :/ fbyBk ws G{bBk fe jw B/šip fby' skohy r[b B eh :/ fbyBk ws G{bBk fe jw B/šip fby' skohy r[b B eh :/ fbyBk ws G{bBk fe jw B/šip fby' skohy r[b B eh :/ fbyBk ws G{bBk fe jw B/šip fby' skohy r[b B eh :/ fbyBk ws G{bBk fe jw B/

Gh b[Nk:k j? nkf nK ngBk.@Gh b[Nk:k j? nkf nK ngBk.@Gh b[Nk:k j? nkf nK ngBk.@Gh b[Nk:k j? nkf nK ngBk.@Gh b[Nk:k j? nkf nK ngBk.@

;g N j? fe n;hA nZi ps"o nkdo wkg/, T[; s'A pknd fizw/tko

nfXnkge ns/ fco ;w{fje o{g ftu ;wkfie nkr{ ni'ehnK ghVQhnK

d/ pZfunK d/ Gfty bJh fJe tXhnk ;wkfie wkj"b g?dk eoB ftu

n;cb j' oj/ jK. fiE'A se ;kv/ d/ d/ pbhdkBh s/ ;zxo h :'fXnK s'A

;/X b? e/ nkgD/ ihtB ftu ns/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK d/ ihtB ftu

fJe ;wkfie s/ ;dkukfoe p[fBnkd oZyD dk ;tkb j?. T[; gZy'A n;hA

fpbe[b e'o/ jK.

ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe i/ ;kB{z y[d nkgD/ jhdK dhnK e[opkBhnK

pko/ ;jh frnkB BjhA sK n;hA nZr/ nkgD/ pZfunK B{z T[BQK pko/ eh d;

;ed/ jK< Gkos wK d/ wjkB ;g{sK d/ pko/ id'A n;hA e"wh fdjkfVnK s/

iK T[BQK d/ iBw s/ jhdh g[opK ;w/A e'Jh f eo S/Vd/ jK sK fJj ;kok

okrFnbkg fJe gyzv fijk jh ikgdk j?. fJj fpbe[b fe;/ kfJo d/

pdK nB[;ko šnp s'A d[nk Gh eo{ z s' d k ;h br/ j?. ykfj Gh eo{ zšnp s'A d[nk Gh eo{ z s' d k ;h br/ j?. ykfj Gh eo{ zšnp s'A d[nk Gh eo{ z s' d k ;h br/ j?. ykfj Gh eo{ zšnp s'A d[nk Gh eo{ z s' d k ;h br/ j?. ykfj Gh eo{ zšnp s'A d[nk Gh eo{ z s' d k ;h br/ j?. ykfj Gh eo{ z

s' ukjs ;h br/ j?@s' ukjs ;h br/ j?@s' ukjs ;h br/ j?@s' ukjs ;h br/ j?@s' ukjs ;h br/ j?@ tKr brdk j?.

fJ; ftu e'Jh Ze BjhA fe skpdhnK d/ fJj gktB g[op ;kv/

ft tk; dk Bkw jB. nZbQk y?o eo/! fes/ ;zrsK tZb'A T[s kj s/ T[wkj

Bkb wBkJ/ rJ/ fJj wjkB fdjkV/ ;wki d/ ofjpoK s/ nkr{nK d/ b'VhAd/

wkor do B s'A fpBK fJZe uzrh fcbw iK uzrh ;oe; pdbD s'A pknd

;kv/ G[Zb/-ft;o/ gqsheow tKr ;kv/ wkBf;e fusogZN s'A T[so jh Bk

ikD. fBo;zd/j ;w{j ;zrsK tb'A fJj wfj;{; ehsk iKdk fojk j? fe fJj

skpdhnK e'Jh fcbw, swk k iK ;oe; BjhA jB. i' e[M fdBK ftu jh

G[bk fdshnK ikD. fJj skpdhnK ;kv/ r[o{nK s/ T[BQK d/ jhdKFw[ohdK

gqsh ;kvh oXk s/ ;BwkB dk gqshe jB.

p/ e fJj mhe j? fe ;kv/ j[D d/ tosko/ nB[;ko n;hA r[o{ xfo d/

nfj;kBK gqsh ;[zBFw;z[B j[zd/ ik oj/ jK. ;kvk nkgD/ e"wh b'eFBkfJeK

gqsh gq/w Gkt xNdk ik fojk j?. ;kvh fJ; ;fEsh dk fe;/ kfJo B/

pj[s jh ;'jD/ pdK ftu fJT[A toBD ehsk j? L šB w[jZps B w[oZtsšB w[jZps B w[oZtsšB w[jZps B w[oZtsšB w[jZps B w[oZtsšB w[jZps B w[oZts

B b{;. ofwzdk j{ z fJ; d"o ek fJB;K j' eo.@ B b{;. ofwzdk j{ z fJ; d"o ek fJB;K j' eo.@ B b{;. ofwzdk j{ z fJ; d"o ek fJB;K j' eo.@ B b{;. ofwzdk j{ z fJ; d"o ek fJB;K j' eo.@ B b{;. ofwzdk j{ z fJ; d"o ek fJB;K j' eo.@ fJj fpbe[b mhe j?

112

fe Bt/A wkB/ d/ Bt/A r[ZvhFgN'fbnK tKr{z n;hA ;wkfie s/ okiBhfse

s"o s/ sK ne;o Bt/A-Bt/A o{g Xko e/ dbFpdb{ fij/ j' oj/ jK. f;sw

fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/ fJ NFfJwkB s'A th w[Beo j[zd/ ik oj/ jK. ;kv/

r[o{ ;KM/ jB. ;kv/ rzqE ;KM/ jB ns/ ;kvh ;z;feqsh s/ ;fGnkuko ;KMk

j?. go n;hA fJBQK ftu tzvhnK gkT[Ad/ nkg fezB/ tzv/ rJ/ jK< jkJ/, U

oZpk! fJ; gZy'A n;hA fezB/ fBZxod/ ik oj/ jK<

nekb g[oy fwjo eo/ fe fJi/jk GkDk ed/ th Bk tos/ fe n;hA

r[o{nK d/ ;Bw[y j'D dh pikJ/ wBw[y j' ikJhJ/. w/ok fBih nehdk fJj

j? fe jhdKFw[ohdK dhnK e[opkBhnK ed/ okfJrkB BjhA ik ;edhnK

feT[Afe T[BQK d/ pbhdkBK ;dek ;kB{z fwbh e"wh ;t?wkD dh dks B{z

n;hA ed/ nikJhA BjhA ikD d/tKr/. Bk jh n;hA Gkos wK d/ T[BQK wjkB

;g{sK B{z ed/ ft;koB dh rbsh eoKr/. fJj edkfus th BjhA j' ;edk

fe ;kvhnK ni'ehnK s/ nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK dk bj{ ;ø?d j' ikJ/

ns/ n;hA nfj;kBwzdh dh p[bzdh s'A nfj;kB-øokw' h dh o;ksb sZe

gj[zu ikJhJ/. oZp ;Zuk fwjo eo/ fe nfijk wz o e"w dh j:ks ftZu ed/

th Bk nkt/. nodk; pzdBk j? fe nekb g[oy ;kv/ B/e fJokfdnK dk

nkg fBrkjpkB j't/l nkwhB.

fJ; gq;zr ftu j[D rZb pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo dh ns/ ;ofjzd

csfj dh sq? skpdh dh uZb ojh j?. nc;'; Bkb efjDk g?Adk j? fe

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pkti{d th pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo nZi th r[zwBkwh s/ ;kvh p/o[yh dk

f eko j?. nZi ;w/A dh tZvh b'V fJj j? fe n;hA nkgD/ pkpk pzdk f;zx

pjkdo tor/ f;detkB e"wh jhdK s/ T[BQK jhdK s/ T[BQK d/ ekoBkfwnK

dk f eo fJe ;KMh s/ p[bzd ntk ftu fJe wzu s'A eohJ/. go ;zihdrh

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fit/A fe fJe w j{o nykD j? fe B"A eB"ihJ/ s/oK u[ZbQ/ Gkt iks-gks

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fpbe[b e[M fJ; soQK fij/ dk jh toskok gfjbhnK skpdhnK

113

wBkT[D s'A b? e/ j[D sZe fdq NwkB j' fojk j?. q'wDh Xkofwe ;z;EktK

q'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh, fdZbh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh s/ gsk

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vo j? fe ;kv/ e"wh fdjkfVnK tKr s/ gfjbhnK wBkJhnK rJhnK

skpdhnK tKr jhdK d/ ihtB s/ cb;c/ dh rZb xZN j't/rh. go ;ko/

nkgDh-nkgDh tfvnkJh dh vøbh tik e/ nkgD/ jh okr nbkgDr/.

don;b fJj d[Zy dh rZb j? fe ;kvhnK oki;h gkoNhnK ns/ yk; s"o

s/ Xkofwe ;z;EktK d/ nbzpodko pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo Bkb'A nkgDh

u"Xo s/ czB/ykJh Bz{ jh f nkdk T[ikro eoB dh e'f eoBr/.

nZi nkw b'e fJj f Zds Bkb wfj;{; eo oj/ jB fe gfjbhnK wBkJhnK

rJhnK skpdhnK tKr fJj nb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsjnb"fee ;ofjzd cfsj dh sq? skpdhdh sq? skpdhdh sq? skpdhdh sq? skpdhdh sq? skpdh th

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gzvkb ;w/Ndh j'Jh nkgDh fNzv-c"Vh u[Ze e/, ;kv/ wkBf;e fuZsogN s'A

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w[ohdK gqsh ;jh gfog/y ftu e'Jh nkT[D tkbhnK ghVQhnK Bz{ e'Jh

ikDekoh BjhA fwb ;eDh. fJj th ;g N j? fe fizBh d/o ;kvh e"wh

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sohe/ Bkb th BjhA i[V ;eDrhnK. fJ; soQK ;kB{z wzBDk gt/rk fe

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dh b'V j?. i' fe ;w/A dh tvh wzr d/ pkti{d th gfjbhnK j[D sZe

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114

d/ fjZs ftu nkgD/ gdkoEtkdh s/ ;tkoEtkdh feodko ftu E'VQk

fijk ;[Xko fbnk ;ehJ/.

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nkT[D tkbhnK B"itkB ghVQhnK B{z ;jh gfog/y ftu nkgD/ ;kfjs s/

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nkgD/ wjkB g{otiK d/ B/e ihtBK s/ nwbK d/ XkoBh pDhJ/.

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d[BhnK jh wjkB ;dkukoe ihtB s/ frnkB dh sbprko j?.

j[D ;ofjzd csfj dh shih skpdh 12 wJh 2010 B{z wzBKT[D ;w/A

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115

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nekb ;jkfJ

116

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fdnkb{ ;dk tKr pyf zd j?. fi; ;dek w?A r[o{nK-ghoK s/ jhdK-w[ohdK

dh rkEk S'Nk w{zj tZvh rZb j'D d/ pkti{d th eo ;eD d/ ekfpb j'

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T[j fe; edo gqtkB eod/ jB.

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s{ w/ok "e d/y, w/ok fJzs ko d/y.

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BjhA ukVQ ;edk ;h.

117

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p/jZd wdd ehsh j?.

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Bk nko { ek e'Jh ;bhek Bk pzdrh jh e'Jh pzdrh j?.

:/ s' s/ok eow j? w/o/ w"bk fe pks pBh j{Jh j?.

118