main economic indicators - oecd

STATISTICS DIRECTORATE

MAINECONOMICINDICATORS

◆

Sourcesand Methods

MEXICO

DECEMBER 1996

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STATISTICS DIRECTORATE

MAINECONOMIC

INDICATORS

Sources and Methods

MEXICO

DECEMBER 1996

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATIONAND DEVELOPMENT

Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into forceon 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promotepolicies designed:

– to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living inMember countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of theworld economy;

– to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process ofeconomic development; and

– to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordancewith international obligations.

The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany,Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequentlythrough accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969),Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic(21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996) and the Republic of Korea(12th December 1996). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD(Article 13 of the OECD Convention).

Publie en francais sous le titre :

PRINCIPAUX INDICATEURS ECONOMIQUESSources et methodes

MEXIQUE

OECD 1997Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this

publication should be made to:

Head of Publications Service, OECD2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France.

3MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS

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SOURCES AND METHODS MEXICO

December 1996

Table of contents

Page

1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5

2. General methodological issues............................................................................................................................6

3. Explanatory notes ................................................................................................................................................8

National accounts .................................................................................................................................................9Production:

Industrial production.......................................................................................................................................11Leading indicators...........................................................................................................................................15Commodity output - crude steel......................................................................................................................16Commodity output - cement ...........................................................................................................................17Commodity output - crude petroleum.............................................................................................................18

Business surveys ................................................................................................................................................19Construction: cost of construction.....................................................................................................................22Domestic trade:

Wholesale - Retail sales ..................................................................................................................................24Labour:

Employment - manufacturing .........................................................................................................................28Monthly hours of work ...................................................................................................................................28Employment - insured persons........................................................................................................................30Unemployment - rate ......................................................................................................................................32

Wages.................................................................................................................................................................37Prices:

Producer prices ...............................................................................................................................................39Consumer prices .............................................................................................................................................42

Domestic finance................................................................................................................................................45Interest rates .......................................................................................................................................................46Share prices ........................................................................................................................................................47Foreign finance:

Exchange rates ................................................................................................................................................49Official reserves excluding gold .....................................................................................................................50Real effective exchange rate ...........................................................................................................................51

Foreign trade ......................................................................................................................................................52Balance of payments ..........................................................................................................................................54

4. Annex 1: INEGI surveys ...................................................................................................................................57

Industrial sector ..................................................................................................................................................58Commercial activities.........................................................................................................................................62Urban employment.............................................................................................................................................64

5. Annex 2: Bank of Mexico surveys.....................................................................................................................67

Business sector ...................................................................................................................................................68Cost of construction ...........................................................................................................................................70Producer prices...................................................................................................................................................71Consumer prices.................................................................................................................................................72


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1. Introduction

This publication contains a detailed description ofthe methodology used in the compilation of the timeseries published for Mexico in Part One and Part Twoof Main Economic Indicators. The indicators cover:national accounts, industrial production, businesssurveys, construction, domestic trade, labour, wages,prices, domestic finance, foreign finance, interestrates, foreign trade and balance of payments.

Methodological information is presented in thepublication according to the order that time series are

published in Main Economic Indicators; informationis structured according to the same categories andsub-categories used in Part Two of Main EconomicIndicators.

Index numbers are recalculated by the OECD inbase 1990=100, in conformity with international rec-ommendations for a standard reference year.

This publication describes data published in theDecember 1996 issue of Main Economic Indicators.


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2. General methodological issues

THE STATISTICAL SYSTEM IN MEXICO

Several agencies are responsible for the compilationand dissemination of statistics in Mexico.

• The National Office for Statistics, Geographyand Informatics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística,Geografía e Informática, INEGI) has existed in itscurrent structure since 1983. According to the lawon Statistical and Geographical information, it is theresponsibility of INEGI to provide an informationbase of Statistics, Geography and Informatics and todisseminate such information.

The Statistics Department of INEGI (DirecciónGeneral de Estadística) is in charge of issuing cri-teria to standardise the process of producing statisti-cal information, promoting the consolidation anddevelopment of the statistical information system,planning and executing Censuses and Samplingsurveys, and compiling demographic and socialstatistics. INEGI is in charge of National accounts,Industrial production, Domestic trade, Labour andWage statistics.

• The Bank of Mexico (Banco de Mexico) is anautonomous body and is authorised by law to pub-lish economic and financial statistics. The Bank ofMexico is in charge of the compilation of Financialand Balance of payments statistics, Prices, Cost ofconstruction, Business surveys, and Foreign tradedata (along with INEGI and the ministry of Fi-nance). Responsibility for the compilation of Con-sumer price and Producer price indices is currentlybeing transferred to INEGI.

• Other agencies also compile statistics published inMain Economic Indicators. These include thecompany Mexican Petroleum (PEMEX) whichsupplies data for crude petroleum production andthe Mexican Social Security Institute (InstitutoMexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS) which providesdata on insured workers.

SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Data published in Main Economic Indicators resultmainly from three INEGI surveys and four Bank ofMexico surveys. The former include the Monthly In-

dustrial Survey (Encuesta Industrial Mensual, EIM),the Commercial Establishment Survey (Encuesta Men-sual de Establecimientos Comerciales, EMEC) and theNational Survey on Urban Employment (Encuesta Na-cional de Empleo Urbano, ENEU); while the lattercomprise surveys relating to business conditions, con-sumer prices, producer prices and cost of construction.

These surveys are briefly described in separate an-nexes which also give a partial view of survey forms.

Informal sector

In Mexico, many people are engaged in marginalactivities (street vendors, repair persons, etc.) and be-long to the informal sector as defined by the Interna-tional Labour Organisation (ILO) in the 1970’s. Theinformal sector plays a role in all economic areas, es-pecially in National accounts, Industrial production,Employment and Domestic trade.

According to the ILO definitions, INEGI surveysshow that in 1992 about 35% of the total labour forcewas engaged in marginal activities.

Data quality

INEGI is concerned with improving data quality.Several surveys on the street vendors (Encuestas deMicronegocios) have been carried out, first in 1988 andsubsequently in 1992 and 1994. Many references to theinformal sector are also included in the form of theregular ENEU survey. Different unemployment ratestaking into account these marginal activities are com-piled by INEGI to help develop a measure of this sec-tor.

Geographical and classification coverage of theINEGI surveys has gradually been improved over time:the EMEC survey now collects information in 33 cities(only 3 cities were covered in 1986); the ENEU surveycovers 41 cities (only 3 cities were covered in 1973)and the EIM survey collects information for 209 classesof activity (in 1986 only 57 classes were covered).

The coverage of the EMEC survey and the ENEUsurvey is limited to cities -- rural areas are not covered.However, a biennial survey on employment is con-ducted by INEGI in the whole country, including ruralareas.


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A survey on the activity of the construction sector(Encuesta Nacional del Sector Formal de la Industríade la Construcción, ENSFIC) is conducted on a quar-terly basis from 1983. This survey is conducted exclu-sively in the formal sector and data are compiled for thevalue of construction, employment and wages in theconstruction sector. However, no data for permits is-sued, building started or work in progress are compiledfrom the results of the ENSFIC survey.

Comparability

Data are generally compiled according to interna-tional standards: National accounts data are compiledaccording to the 1993 System of National Accounts(SNA); unemployment definitions follow the Interna-tional Labour Organisation (ILO) guidelines; all clas-sifications used in the industrial and commercial sur-veys are compatible with international classificationssuch as ISIC or NACE; Balance of payments data arecompiled according to the Balance of Payments Man-ual, Fifth edition issued by the IMF.

Employment data are derived from the Monthly In-dustrial Survey (EIM). These data are not directly in-ternationally comparable in the sense that data referonly to major establishments in the manufacturing sec-tor. Data for total employment are not derived from theENEU survey.

DATA DISSEMINATION

• • INEGI

Statistical information is disseminated in a variety ofways: paper publications, diskettes, CD-ROMs, andon-line access.

− Paper publications

Numerous publications of economic statistics are issuedon a regular basis by INEGI. Main results are summa-rised in the monthly Cuaderno de Información Opor-tuna. More detailed information and methodologicalreferences are available in specialised publications forIndustrial production, Unemployment, Foreign trade,etc. In the present publication, reference to each ofthese INEGI publications is made where appropriate.

− Databases

The Banco de Datos database is made available byINEGI and contains more than 20 000 time series cov-ering economic topics such as industrial production,national accounts, foreign trade, prices, etc. Updatesmay be obtained monthly on diskette or from theINEGI server through Internet (see below).

Additionally, direct access to the INEGI database ismade available to users in response to specific requests.

− Internet

An INEGI server containing statistical information,release dates and methodological information can beaccessed through Internet at the following address:http://www.inegi.gob.mx/. It is also possible to update alocal version of the Banco de Datos database (seeabove) from this server.

• • The Bank of Mexico

The Bank of Mexico makes statistical informationavailable through paper publications (Carpeta de Indi-cadores Economicos, Indice de Precios) and throughdirect access to its databases: SINIEE and IBAMEX.These databases can be accessed via Internet.

A server containing statistical series, information on thelaws relating to the Bank’s operations, and documentsfor analysis can be accessed via Internet at the follow-ing address: http://www.banxico.org.mx/.

• • Ministry of Finance

Statistical information are available on the Internetserver of the Ministry of Finance (Secretaría de Haci-enda y Crédito Público, SHCP):http://www.shcp.gob.mx/.

Data originating from INEGI, the Bank of Mexico andother financial institutions can also be found on thisserver.

The Statistics Directorate of the OECD is greatlyindebted to the National Office for Statistics, Geogra-phy and Informatics, INEGI, for the excellent co-operation of their staff.

Without this assistance, it would not have beenpossible to publish explanatory notes in such detail withany guarantee of accuracy.


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3. Explanatory notes

The methodological information described in thispublication is organised by chapter according to thecategories listed in the introduction. In each chapter,information is presented according to a standardstructure for Sources and Methods publications

(see below for the complete list of metadata items).Relevant items are filled in when information isavailable; titles of missing items do not appear in thetext.

METADATA ITEMS

SOURCE

Source agenciesKey national publication sourcesSeries title in national publicationsBreakdown availableMethodological referencesRun of data availablePeriodicityUnit of measurement

CONCEPTS AND COVERAGE

DefinitionCoverage

Reference periodGeographical coverageClassification coverageStatistical populationParticular exclusions

STANDARDS

Standard systems / frameworkStandard classifications / nomenclaturesInternational comparabilityDepartures from international standards

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting unitsReporting methodSurvey details

Description of questionnaireMaster listSurvey descriptionNon-response rate

DATA COLLECTION (continued)

Administrative source detailsDescriptionUpdate proceduresQuality assessmentAccess and control for statistical usageStatistical techniques for processing data

Multiple source detailsDescriptionStandard combination frameworkStatistical techniques for combining multiplesources

Reporting date in relation to the event measuredTime lapse between event and processing

DATA MANIPULATION

Aggregations / Grossing upGrossing up methodAggregation methodWeights for aggregation

Seasonal and other adjustmentsOther manipulations

DATA QUALITY AND TIMELINESS

Sampling errors and their correctionsOther errors and their correctionsMissing data in time seriesBreaks in time seriesPreliminary estimatesRevision policyCorroborating dataTimelinessRelease dates


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NATIONAL ACCOUNTS(a) Total G.D.P, current prices(b) Total G.D.P, constant prices(c) Implicit price level(d) Private final consumption expenditure(e) Government final consumption expenditure(f) Gross fixed capital formation(g) Change in stocks(h) Exports of goods and services(i) Imports of goods and services

SOURCE

Source agencies

National accounts data are compiled by INEGI.

Key national publication sources

Data are available in the quarterly publication INEGI,Oferta y Demanda Final de Bienes y Servicios.

Series title in national publications

(a) Producto interno bruto, total pesos corrientes(b) Producto interno bruto, total pesos constantes(d) Consumo privado(e) Consumo del gobierno(f) Formación bruta de capital fijo(g) Variación de existencias(h) Exportación de bienes y servicios(i) Importación de bienes y servicios

Data for Implicit price level are calculated by theOECD and are therefore not published in national pub-lications.

Breakdown available

Data are published in national publications for GrossDomestic Product by kind of activity as well as by finalexpenditure.

Methodological references

A complete methodology of the national accounts canbe found in the quarterly publications INEGI, Oferta yDemanda Final de Bienes y Servicios, and in INEGI,Producto Interno Bruto.

Information on methodology is also available in INEGI(1995), ABC de la Cuentas Nacionales.

Run of data available

Data are available from first quarter 1993, except forGross domestic product, total at constant prices forwhich data are available from first quarter 1980.

Periodicity

Data are compiled on a quarterly basis.

Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in Mexican Pesos. The constantprice series are expressed at 1993 prices.


Definition

Data measure quarterly expenditure on goods andservices at both current and constant prices. Datacompilation is based on the Commodity Flow Method(CFM). This method consists in identifying the com-plete life cycle for a product - from the economic activ-ity which generated the product to its final use(including intermediate consumption).

Final demand on Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) isclassified according to:

− Private final consumption expenditure data coverthe value of purchases of goods and services madeby households and private institutions. Included isthe value in goods received as payment in kind, thevalue of goods produced for own-consumption andthe imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings.

Data are derived from sales indices calculated foreach group of activities whose final use is deemedto be private.


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− Government final consumption expenditure datacover the value of goods and services produced bythe government for its own use.

Expenditure data are estimated using administra-tive records; public finance data for the expendi-tures of the Federal government and the MexicoCity government; Social security accounting; andspecific surveys for local government expenditures(except Mexico City).

− Gross fixed capital formation data cover the pur-chase of goods and services used in capital forma-tion. Included are purchases made to extend the ef-fective life of existing capital goods.

Data are derived from the value of construction putin place, together with that of plant, machinery andequipment.

− Change in stocks represents in value terms the dif-ference between the volume of goods at the be-ginning and at the end of the period.

Figures are derived as the difference betweenSupply (calculated as the sum of Total G.D.P. andImports) and Demand (calculated as the sum ofPrivate and Government consumption, Gross fixedcapital formation and Exports).

− Exports of goods and services f.o.b. cover the valueof all exported goods and services. Included is thevalue of exports of In-bond export industries (seethe chapter on Industrial production), and exportsof silver and non-monetary gold.

Data are calculated using Balance of Payments es-timates.

− Imports of goods and services c.i.f. cover value ofall imported goods and services. Included is thevalue of imports of In-bond export industries (seethe chapter on Industrial production) as well asgoods and services directly bought abroad by pri-vate households or federal government.

Data are calculated using Balance of Payments es-timates.

Figures for Implicit price level are calculated by theOECD by dividing the G.D.P. figures in current pricesby the G.D.P. figures in constant prices.

STANDARDS

Standard system / framework

National accounts data are compiled according to the1993 System of National Accounts (SNA) developedby the United Nations (UN).

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Government agencies, enterprises, associations andChambers of Commerce, financial and insurance insti-tutions.

DATA MANIPULATION

Seasonal and other adjustments

Seasonal adjustments are carried out by the OECD us-ing the X-11 variant of US Census Method II.

Seasonally adjusted data are corrected for trading days.

Other manipulations

Quarterly data in the national publications, as well as inMain Economic Indicators, are expressed at annualrates: raw data for each quarter are multiplied by fourby the national source before publication.


Revision policy

New information is incorporated when it becomesavailable.

All figures are revised to be consistent with annual na-tional accounts data. These revisions generally occurwhen data for the fourth quarter are published.

Timeliness and release dates

Data for a particular quarter q are published by INEGIbetween 45 and 47 days after the end of the referencequarter.

A calendar with the release dates is issued by INEGI ona regular basis. This information can also be accessedvia Internet on the INEGI server:http://www.inegi.gob.mx/.


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PRODUCTION Industrial production(a) Total(b) Manufacturing(c) Mining(d) Electricity, gas and water(e) Construction

SOURCE

Source agencies

Industrial production statistics are compiled byINEGI.


Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores de Actividad Industrial.


Indice volumen de actividad industrial:

(a) Total industria(b) Industria manufacturera(c) Minería(d) Electricidad, gas y agua(e) Construcción

Breakdown available

Aggregated indices are calculated for the total indexas well as for different levels of the national industrialclassification (see Classification coverage below).

Mining: Aggregated indices are published at branchlevel (6 branches of mining) and at Major divisionlevel.

Manufacturing: Aggregated indices are published atDivision level (9 divisions for manufacturing) and atMajor division level.

Data are also classified by final use of goods: Inter-mediate consumption, Durable or non-durable goods,Capital goods and In-bond export industry(maquiladoras, see Reporting method below).

Construction and Electricity, gas and water: aggre-gated data are published only at Major division level.


A complete methodology of the industrial productionseries can be found in the monthly publicationINEGI, Indicadores de Actividad Industrial.

Information on methodology is also available inINEGI (1994), ABC de la Estadística de la IndustriaMaquiladora de Exportación.


Data are available from January 1980.

Periodicity

Data are compiled on a monthly basis.

Unit of measurement

Indices were calculated in base year 1980=100 up toDecember 1992 and in base 1993=100 from January1993.


Definition

The total index measures the change in the physicalvolume of production of manufacturing, mining,construction and electricity, gas and water industries.

All indices are consistent with quarterly and annualGross Domestic Product data.

Coverage

Geographical coverage

The whole country.


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Classification coverage

The classification used is the 1993 Mexican Systemof National Account Classification (Sistema deCuentas Nacionales de México, SCNM).

For all Major divisions, excluding manufacturing, thedifferent levels of the SCNM are: Major division,branch (2-digit level), group (3-digit level) and classof activity (4-digit level). Each class of activity corre-sponds to one or several products as identified in the1994 Economic Census.

For Major division manufacturing, the different levelsare Major division, division (1-digit level), branch (2-digit level), group (3-digit level), class of activity (4-digit level) and product.

The SCNM classification is compatible with theMexican Classification of Activities and Products(Clasificación Mexicana de Actividades y Productos,CMAP) used in the Monthly Industrial Survey(Encuesta Industrial Mensual, EIM). For more de-tails on the CMAP, refer to the description of Indus-trial surveys in Annex 1 (page 58).

There are no differences between the two classifica-tions at branch and division levels, however, differ-ences are observed at the level of groups, classes ofactivity and for specific products (for instance micro-computers).

Data for manufacturing relate to all the classes of ac-tivity (227) of the SCNM; the majority of theseclasses (205) are covered by the EIM, the remainderby various sources.

Table 1 gives details of the SCNM classification.

Statistical population

Mining - Major division 2 of the SCNM: all estab-lishments whose main activity is the extraction ofsolid, liquid or gaseous minerals, quarrying, or theextraction of crude petroleum or natural gas are cov-ered.

Manufacturing - Major division 3 of the SCNM: allestablishments or production units in the manufactur-ing sector are covered. These are units engaged in thefabrication of new products though the transformationof organic or non-organic materials. These productscan be hand-made or machine-made both in estab-lishments and private houses and are destined for theretail or wholesale trade.

Establishments engaged in assembling parts, auxiliaryunits, administrative offices, associated retail outlets,and repair workshops which produce goods and

services destined exclusively for the industrial entityto which they belong are also included.

Construction - Major division 4 of the SCNM: allestablishments engaged in the construction of build-ings (total or partial) and public works are covered,whether for new constructions or for alterations, re-pairs and additions.

The value of construction work on non-residentialbuildings carried out by companies in the manufactur-ing, mining and agricultural sectors is included in theproduction of these sectors.

Electricity, gas and water - Major division 5 of theSCNM: all establishments engaged in the generation,transmission and distribution of electricity, as well asdistribution of gas or drinkable water are covered.

Table 1

SCNM classification forindustrial production

Major divisions of the SCNMNumber ofclasses ofactivity

2. Mining ................................................. 133. Manufacturing ..................................... 227

of which:3.1 Food, beverages and tobacco ......... 493.2 Textiles, clothing and leather ........ 353.3 Wood and wood products .............. 103.4 Paper and paper products............... 83.5 Chemicals ...................................... 353.6 Non-metallic mineral products ...... 173.7 Basic metals................................... 73.8 Metallic products, machinery

and equipment ............................... 563.9 Other manufacturing industries...... 10

4. Construction........................................ 85. Electricity, gas and water.................... 3

STANDARDS

Standard systems / framework

The methodology used in the compilation of indus-trial production statistics is aligned with the 1993System of National Accounts (SNA) of the UnitedNations (UN).

Standard classifications / nomenclatures

The 1993 SCNM is compatible with the InternationalStandard Industrial Classification (ISIC) 1990, Rev 3at the 4-digit level.


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DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method

Data are compiled from the results of surveys con-ducted by INEGI, other organisations, administrativerecords, and information on input or sales.

Mining: data are compiled mainly from the results ofthe Monthly Survey on Mining and Metallurgy(Encuesta Minerometalúrgica Mensual, EMM) con-ducted by INEGI and the Ministry of Energy. SeeAnnex 1 (page 58) for more details on this survey.

Additionally, use is made of the EIM for data on theproduction of coke and coal, while the companyPetróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) provides data on theproduction of crude petroleum, natural gas and con-densates.

Manufacturing: production data are collected in twodifferent ways, depending on the activity of the estab-lishments:

• In-bond export industries (maquiladoras):

In-bond export industries are industries engagedin transforming, assembling or repairing mer-chandise imported into Mexican territory, to beeventually re-exported after such additionalprocessing.

These industries provided the second largestsource of foreign currency for Mexico (afterpetroleum) and employed 550 000 people in1993.

Production data for these industries are obtainedfrom the full-scope survey Monthly Statistics ofExports from In-bond export industries(Estadística Mensual de la Industría Maquila-dora de Exportación, EMIME) conducted byINEGI. See Annex 1 (page 58) for more detailson this survey.

• Manufacturing industries, excluding In-bondexport industries (maquiladoras):

The main source used to compile the figures isthe Monthly Industrial Survey (Encuesta Indus-trial Mensual, EIM) conducted by INEGI.Additional data are derived through the use ofindustrial statistics supplied by the Chambers ofCommerce, Producers’ Associations; privateand public institutions; and by information onflows of raw materials for certain food indus-tries. See Annex 1 (page 58) for more detailson these sources.

Around 85% of G.D.P. for the manufacturingsector, excluding In-bond export industries wascovered by the EIM according to the 1994 Eco-nomic Census.

Construction: information on public works and onflows of raw materials is obtained from INEGI sur-veys and from industrial statistics of the Chambers ofCommerce and Producers’ Associations. Foreigntrade statistics, calculated by INEGI, are also used fordata on certain construction materials.

Electricity, gas and water: industrial production dataare derived from information on sales and volume ofproduction collected by the Federal Commission forElectricity, PEMEX, the National Electricity Com-pany, and the National Commission for Water.

DATA MANIPULATION

Aggregations / Grossing up

Aggregation method

All aggregated indices are calculated using the fixed-weight Laspeyres formula.

Total industrial production: the index of total indus-trial production is calculated by aggregating the indi-ces for the Major division of industry (see Table 1).

Mining, Manufacturing: elementary indices are cal-culated at class of activity level as the ratio of thequantity produced for the reported month over theaverage quantity of the base period (1993).

These indices are then aggregated at group level,branch level, division level (for manufacturing) andMajor division level.

Electricity, gas and water: indices for electricity arederived from the volume of sales to final users: en-terprises, households, public lighting, irrigation foragriculture, etc. Indices for gas and water are derivedfrom data on the volume of production in these indus-tries.

These indices are then aggregated at Major divisionlevel.

Construction: indices at class of activity level forconstruction are derived from estimates of input toconstruction (raw materials, labour force) as identifiedin the 1993 input/output table.

These indices are then aggregated at branch level andMajor division level.


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Weights for aggregation

Weights used to calculate aggregated indices at groupand higher levels are proportional to the value addedof each SCNM branch or division for the base year(1993), derived from the 1993 Gross Domestic Prod-uct data.

Table 2 gives a summary weighting pattern.

Table 2

Indices of industrial productionweighting pattern

Per cent

SCNM Major divisions1993

Weight

2 - Mining.......................................... 5.23 - Manufacturing.............................. 71.04 - Construction................................. 17.95 - Electricity, gas and water ............. 5.9

Total industry .................................... 100.0


Seasonal adjustments are carried out by INEGI withX-11 ARIMA/88 and take into account adjustmentsfor Easter.

Seasonally adjusted series are corrected for tradingdays.


Sampling errors and their corrections

The EIM survey processing has been computerisedwith built-in checks to detect errors at each stage ofthe process.

Preliminary estimates

Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Indicadores de Actividad Industrial, thefirst preliminary estimates (datos oportunos) are indi-cated with an "O".

Revision policy

All monthly indices are periodically revised to beconsistent with quarterly and annual national accountsdata when these become available.


Data for a particular month m are published by INEGIbetween the 5th and the 7th day of the month m+3.INEGI also publishes a first preliminary figure (datooportuno) for non adjusted series during the monthm+2.

A calendar of release dates is issued by INEGI on aregular basis. This information can be accessed viaInternet on the INEGI server:http://www.inegi.gob.mx/.


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December 1996

PRODUCTION Leading indicatorsComposite leading indicator: Mexico

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are calculated by the OECD.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed as an index, trend restored.


Definition

Leading indicators are aggregate time series display-ing a reasonably consistent leading relationship withthe reference series for the macro-economic cycle.The total industrial production index is used as refer-ence series.

The OECD system of leading indicators is based onthe growth cycle approach and trend estimation isperformed with the Phase-Average-Trend methoddeveloped by the US National Bureau of EconomicResearch.

Components of the composite leading indicators be-long to two categories: actual measures of economicconditions that would later permit cyclical expansionor contractions (e.g. financial series, level of em-ployment) and series designed themselves to be lead-ing indicators (e.g. measures of the business situationfrom qualitative surveys).

For general information on the methodology used bythe OECD see OECD Leading Indicators and Busi-ness Cycles in Member countries, Sources and Meth-ods No. 39, January 1987.

For a description of the component series and per-formance over time of the leading indicator for Mex-ico, see An update of OECD leading indicators,OECD Meeting on leading indicators,STD/MEI/LIM (96)3, Gérald Petit, Gérard Salou,Christophe Degain and Pierre Beziz.


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December 1996

PRODUCTION Commodity outputCrude steel

SOURCE

Source agencies

Crude steel statistics are compiled by the LatinAmerican Iron and Steel Institute (Instituto de Amer-ica Latina del Fierro y Acero, LAISI) in Chile. Thesedata are then transmitted to the OECD via the Inter-national Iron and Steel Institute (IIST).


Data are available in the monthly publication Interna-tional Iron and Steel Institute, Monthly crude steelproduction.


Monthly crude steel production, Mexico.


Crude steel data are available from January 1988.

Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are published in tonnes.


Definition

Data cover the production of steel ingots, semi-products from continuous casting and liquid steel forcasting.

Coverage

Reference period

Data refer to the production of the whole month.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

All steel producing companies in Mexico are sur-veyed.

Reporting method

Statistics are compiled by the Latin American Ironand Steel Institute (Instituto de America Latina delFierro y Acero, LAISI) in Chile from the results of apostal survey conducted by the National Chamber ofSteel in Mexico.


Timeliness

Data for a particular month m are published by theInternational Iron and Steel Institute during themonth m+1.


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PRODUCTION Commodity outputCement

SOURCES

Source agencies

Data are compiled by INEGI.


Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Encuesta Industrial Mensual.


Fabricación de cemento hidraulico.


Information on the methodology used to compile thedata can be found in the monthly publication INEGI,Encuesta Industrial Mensual.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in tonnes.


Definition

Data measure the production of hydraulic cement,including Portland gray cement, white cement, mor-tar, clinker and other kinds of cement.

Coverage

Reference period

Data refer to production for the whole month.


Data cover the output of 35 establishments allocatedto product 369111 "Hydraulic Cement" of the CMAPclassification.

Refer to Annex 1 (page 58) for more details on theCMAP.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method

Data are compiled from the results of the MonthlyIndustrial Survey (Encuesta Industrial Mensual,EIM). Refer to Annex 1 (page 58) for a completedescription of this survey.



Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Encuesta Industrial Mensual.


Data for a particular month m are published by INEGIbetween the 27th and the 29th day of month m+2.

A calendar of release dates is issued by INEGI on aregular basis. This information can also be accessedvia Internet on the INEGI server:http://www.inegi.gob.mx/.


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December 1996

PRODUCTION Commodity outputCrude Petroleum

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are compiled by the company Petróleos Mexi-canos (PEMEX).


Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Cuaderno de Información Oportuna.


Producción de petróleo crudo.

Breakdown available

Aggregated data are available at district, region andnational level for each type of crude petroleum.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Production data are expressed in national publicationsas barrels per day. Data published in Main EconomicIndicators have been converted into tonnes per dayusing the coefficient: 1 tonne = 7.37 barrels. Thisconversion coefficient has been supplied by the Inter-national Energy Agency, OECD.


Definition

Data cover the production of all liquid hydrocarbonsextracted from the fields, which are classified intothree categories, depending on their density: heavy,light and extra light. The production of liquids andcondensates of natural gas is excluded.

Coverage

Reference period

Data are averages of daily output.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

All petroleum fields in the country.

Reporting method

Each month, the central office of PEMEX compilesnational level data from returns submitted from theproducing fields.


Timeliness

Data for a particular month m are published by INEGIduring the month m+2.


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December 1996

BUSINESS SURVEYS(a) Production: tendency(b) Finished goods stocks: level

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are compiled by the Bank of Mexico.


Data are published in the monthly publication Bankof Mexico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos.


(a) Producción: tendencia(b) Inventarios de productos terminados: nivel

Breakdown available

Aggregated data are published for the Major divisionmanufacturing as well as for its 9 divisions (see Clas-sification coverage below).



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Business surveys collect qualitative information. Thisis summarised into one figure for each possible an-swer to one of a series of question. Each of thesefigures expresses the relative frequency of a particularanswer i.e. the proportion of respondents who choseit.

Data published in Main Economic Indicators are ex-pressed as a percent balance, calculated as the differ-ence between the weighted proportions of respon-dents giving favourable and unfavourable answers.


Definition

Returns show entrepreneurs’ judgement in develop-ments experienced in their establishment during thepast month compared with the previous month.

Production: tendency. The question asked to re-spondents is:

“What was the physical volume of production of yourfirm during the past month, compared with the previ-ous month: up/same/down” ?

Data are compiled as the percent balance of "up" over"down" responses.

Finished goods stocks: level. The question asked torespondents is:

“Taking into account your sales, was the stock offinished goods during the past month, compared withthe previous month: excessive/adequate/low” ?

Data are compiled as the percent balance of"excessive" over "low" responses.

Coverage

Reference period

The questionnaire (see Reporting method below) issent to enterprises at the end of each month requestingdata relating to that month compared with the previ-ous month. The completed questionnaire is to bereturned by the middle of the following month.


The whole country.


The classification used is the 1994 Mexican Classifi-cation of Activities and Products (Clasificación Mexi-cana de Actividades y Productos, CMAP).


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December 1996


The coverage corresponds to Major division 3(manufacturing) of the CMAP classification.


DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Manufacturing establishments with more than 10employees.

Reporting method

Data are compiled from the results of the BusinessSurvey (Encuesta de Coyuntura) of the Bank ofMexico.

The survey has been conducted on a monthly basissince 1973 and the survey sampling frame was com-pletely redesigned in 1993 (see Survey descriptionbelow). In the new sample, 1 145 establishmentswere selected; however in 1996 the questionnairewas mailed to only 969 establishments.

Data are collected by survey questionnaire which isgenerally completed by the General Manager orsomeone with the same level of responsibility.

Survey details

Description of questionnaire

Information on production, sales, prices and stocksare collected in the questionnaire for the current pe-riod as well as for future periods.

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1990 INEGI indus-trial census.

Survey description

The sample used is probabilistic. Establishmentswere selected according to the following steps:

Sample stratification

The CMAP Major division for manufacturing is di-vided into 9 divisions which, for the purpose of thesurvey, are sub-divided at a second level into 16groups of economic activity.

Establishments are first classified into four strata ac-cording to the region. They are then further classifiedinto four strata according to their size (i.e. the numberof employees) and into 16 strata according to thegroup of economic activity to which they belong.Within each region, size and economic activity stra-tum, establishments are selected with probabilitiesproportional to the number of establishments in thestratum.

Sample size

The sample size is such that maximal error is +/- 5 %at 95 % confidence level for aggregated results (forexample if there are 24% of positive replies to thequestion on Production: tendency, then the confi-dence interval would be 21.5% - 26.5%).

The total sample size is 1 145 manufacturing estab-lishments, out of a total of 24 191 manufacturing es-tablishments with 10 or more employees. Details onsample size by economic activity are shown in Ta-ble 3.

Non-response rate

The average non-response rate is 38.1%. No correc-tion is made for non-response, as it is assumed thatthe establishments which did not reply to the ques-tionnaire have on average the same characteristics asthose which replied.


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December 1996

Table 3

Sample size by economic activity

Main Groups ofEconomic Activity

Number of establishments, units

In the total population In the sample

Number of employees (units)

11-100 101-500 501-1000 >1000 Total11-100 101-500 501-1000 >1000 Total

Food......................... 3214 477 64 44 3 799 65 47 16 44 172

Metal products.......... 1949 258 17 10 2 234 35 24 6 10 75

Beverages................. 223 163 32 27 445 9 19 9 27 64

Cars.......................... 651 190 43 33 917 16 20 10 33 79

Spinning................... 4076 769 46 18 4 911 74 64 11 18 167

Other manufactures.. 9863 1938 203 165 12 330 205 203 79 165 652

Total manufacturing 19 753 3 795 373 270 24 191 395 358 122 270 1 145

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

Aggregated items are calculated at Economic activity,division and national levels by weighting the answersreceived according to the size (number of employees)of the establishments which replied.


Weights are calculated each month for each of theestablishments responding to the questionnaire. They

are proportional to the number of employees reportedfor the month.


Timeliness

Data for a particular month m are published by Bankof Mexico during the month m+2.


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December 1996

CONSTRUCTION Cost of constructionSocial housing

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication, Bank ofMexico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos.


Indice del costo de la edificación de la vivienda deinterés social: nacional.

Breakdown available

Aggregated indices are calculated:

− at national level and for each of the 23 cities fortotal social housing;

− for 42 construction materials, 17 types of labourcost indices, the total cost of construction mate-rials and the total cost of labour at national leveland for Mexico City;

− for 9 construction activities (masonry, carpentry,painting, etc.) at national level and for MexicoCity.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are published in base 1974=100.


Definition

Data measure the monthly change in the cost of 42construction materials and 17 labour activities in thesocial housing sector.

A social housing unit is defined as a dwelling for oneor several people with services such as: a bathroom,kitchen, living-room, dining-room, laundry, one orseveral bedrooms and for which credits for its acqui-sition at special rates are granted to workers withfixed income.

Prices of construction materials include Value AddedTax (VAT) and discounts. Labour costs include so-cial contributions paid by employers.

Coverage


Data were collected in 16 cities from 1973 to 1980.The coverage was extended to 23 cities from 1981.


Prices are collected only for social housing.

Particular exclusions

Cities with 60 000 inhabitants or fewer according tothe 1970 population census are excluded.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Prices are collected from enterprises which sell con-struction materials, from building companies andother small companies specialising in constructionactivities.


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December 1996

Reporting method

All prices are collected directly by data collectors andare recorded on a price quotation register (registro decotizaciones).

Labour cost data are derived both from informationfrom employers and from official minimum wages.

Survey details


Prices of material and labour inputs are collected forconstruction activities such as masonry, iron works,carpentry, sanitary hydraulic fittings, electrical fit-tings, plaster work, painting and floor work.

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1970 PopulationCensus (Censo de Población).

Survey description

Prices were first collected in 16 cities throughout thecountry when the survey started in 1973.

In 1981, the survey sample was completely redes-igned and price collection was expanded to 23 cities.

Geographical stratification

The country has been divided into 5 regions.

Cities have then been divided into 2 strata, accordingto the 1970 population census: cities with more than200 000 inhabitants and cities with 60 000 - 200 000inhabitants.

City selection

Mexico City, Monterrey and Guadalajara (the threemain cities) were selected automatically. Other cities(20 in total) were selected in each stratum region xsize. For administrative reasons, all the sampled citiesare included in the sample used for the consumerprice index.

Sample size

2 773 price quotations are made, in 280 enterprises,for the cost of 42 construction materials and the costof 17 types of building tasks.

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

In each city, 59 generic indices (corresponding to thedifferent types of costs) are derived from simplearithmetic monthly averages of price quotations.Elementary indices are then calculated using thefixed-weight Laspeyres formula.


The weighting system used to calculate aggregatedindices is derived from the estimated cost of con-struction materials and labour for a "standard" socialhousing unit in 1974.



Data validation procedures have been established. Allmajor changes in price level or in cumulated increasesare detected and analysed individually.


Data for a particular month m are published by theBank of Mexico on the 10th of the month m+1.

A calendar with release dates is issued by the Bank ofMexico. This information can be accessed via Inter-net on the Ministry of Finance (Secretaría de Haci-enda y Crédito Público) server:http://www.shcp.gob.mx/.


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December 1996

DOMESTIC TRADE Wholesale - Retail salesTotal: volume

SOURCE DESCRIPTION

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores del Comercio al Mayoreo y al Menudeo.


Encuesta mensual sobre establecimientos comercia-les: Indice general

Ventas de mercancias, mayoreo (Wholesale sales).Ventas de mercancias, menudeo (Retail sales).

Breakdown available

The following indices are calculated for both retailand wholesale sales:

− a national index for each class of activity;

− an index for each city for each class of activity;

− a national index for sales.


Information on the methodology used to compile thedata can be found in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores del Comercio al Mayoreo y al Menudeo.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are published in base 1994=100 from January1994 and were published in base 1986=100 previ-ously.


Definition

Data measure the monthly changes at 1994 prices ofretail and wholesale sales of commercial establish-ments.

Sales include national and foreign merchandise aswell as income from services supplied by establish-ments. Prices include a special tax on production andservices, when the establishment is liable to this tax.Sale prices exclude Value Added Tax (VAT), dis-counts and rebates, as well as insurance related to thetransaction (when these are priced separately).

Wholesale sales refer to sales of establishmentswhose main activity is wholesale trade, that is sellingmerchandise without transformation to manufacturers(for integration into another productive process), tothe public sector or other establishments.

Retail sales refer to sales of establishments whosemain activity is retail trade, that is selling merchandisewithout transformation to individual consumers.

Coverage

Reference period

Data refer to the sales of the whole reference month.


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December 1996

Table 4

Coverage ofcommercial activities

Commercial activity Retail trade Wholesale trade

1. Grocery......................................................................................... ✓✓ ✓✓2. Clothing and footwear .................................................................. ✓✓ ✓✓3. Records, toys and gifts ................................................................. ✓✓ ✓✓4. Furniture....................................................................................... ✓✓ ✓✓5. Hardware ...................................................................................... ✓✓6. Industrial inputs............................................................................ ✓✓7. Vehicles........................................................................................ ✓✓ ✓✓8. Car repairs .................................................................................... ✓✓ ✓✓9. Medicines, pharmaceutical and medical products ....................... ✓✓10. Petrol and derivatives ................................................................. ✓✓11. Chemical products...................................................................... ✓✓12. Wood products ........................................................................... ✓✓13. Construction materials................................................................ ✓✓14. Electrical material for industry and households ......................... ✓✓15. Pharmacy.................................................................................... ✓✓16. Stationery and bookstores........................................................... ✓✓ ✓✓17. Metallic products for industry .................................................... ✓✓18. Agricultural raw materials.......................................................... ✓✓19. Machinery for industry, trade, agriculture and services ............. ✓✓20. Waste, recycling and packaging ................................................. ✓✓21. Service stations - petrol .............................................................. ✓✓22. Service stations - gas .................................................................. ✓✓23. Department stores....................................................................... ✓✓24. Supermarkets.............................................................................. ✓✓


Data were collected for three cities from 1986 to 1993(Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey). The cov-erage was extended to 15 cities in 1993 and to 33cities from 1994.


Establishments are classified according to their majoractivity.

They are first classified into two sub-groups: whole-sale or retail trade and at the next level into classes ofactivity (commercial activity), at the 4-digit level,according to the 1994 Mexican Classification of Ac-tivity and Products (Clasificación Mexicana de Ac-tividades y Productos, CMAP). Retail trade com-prises 13 commercial activities and wholesale trade

covers 18. Refer to Annex 1 (page 58) for more de-tails on the CMAP.

Table 4 gives details of the coverage of commercialactivities.


Data are collected from commercial establishments inthe 33 cities of the country.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Data are collected from commercial establishmentswhich are selected on the basis of turnover.


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December 1996

Reporting method

Data are derived from the Monthly Survey on Com-mercial Establishments (Encuesta Mensual sobreEstablecimientos Comerciales, EMEC) conducted byINEGI.

Data collectors visit each enterprise or establishmentand complete the questionnaire with an officer of theorganisation. Data collection starts on the 15th ofeach month (or on the closest working day) for datareferring to the previous month.

Survey details


Questions request information on sales, employment,salaries, merchandise cost and purchases. The ques-tion relating to sales is:

"What was the net value of your sales of merchandise,without transformation, during the period covered bythe survey ?”

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1994 INEGI com-mercial sector census.

Survey description

Trade data have been collected since 1983. However,first in 1988 and then in 1993, the EMEC was com-pletely redesigned and new sampling methods wereintroduced.

Data between 1986 and 1993 refer to establishmentswith a turnover of over 1 billion Pesos in 1987 inMexico City and 500 million Pesos in Guadalajaraand Monterrey.

From 1993, a new purposive sample was introduced;cities and establishments have been selected accord-ing to the following steps:

Selection of cities

Initially, cities are selected according to the decreas-ing values of their commercial revenues, derived fromthe 1994 commercial census. Sales data are observedin a total of 33 cities.

Selection of establishments

Establishments are then selected in each of the 33cities, again by decreasing value of their sales. Ineach city, the retail and wholesale trade samples ac-count for at least 53 % of the total sales according tothe 1994 Commercial Census. Establishments which

cease commercial activity are immediately replaced inthe sample.

Sample size

Data are collected each month from 10 160 commer-cial enterprises, which supply information on nearly19 486 establishments. The percentage of total salescovered by the sub-groups at national level is given inTable 5:

Table 5

Coverage of total salesat national level

Sub-groups Coverage

Wholesale sales............. 45 %Retail sales.................... 59 %

Total sales .................... 53 %

Non-response rate

Non-response represents about 4% of the total sam-ple. Non-responses are replaced in the sample by theaverage sales figure of the class of activity to whichthe establishment belongs.

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

All value data are deflated by a price index in base1994=100 (producer or consumer price index, as ap-propriate) for each class of activity and for each city.Each of these elementary values, expressed at 1994prices, are then divided by the corresponding averagevalue in 1994 to obtain an elementary volume indexin base 1994=100.

Elementary indices are then calculated using thefixed-weight Laspeyres formula.


The weights used to calculate aggregated indices arederived from the 1994 Commercial Census values ofwholesale and retail trade in each class of activity andcity.


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December 1996


Seasonal adjustments are carried out by the OECDusing the X-11 variant of US Census Method II, andtake into account adjustments for Easter.

The seasonally adjusted series are corrected for trad-ing days.



Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Indicadores del Comercio al Mayoreo yal Menudeo.

Revisions policy

Every six months sales data are revised to incorporatelate monthly information.


Data for a particular month m are published by INEGIbetween the 18th and the 20th day of the month m+2.



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December 1996

LABOUR(a) Employment in manufacturing

(b) Monthly hours of work

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores del Sector Manufacturero.


(a) Indice del personal ocupado en la industriamanufacturera.

(b) Indice de horas-hombre trabajadas en la indus-tria manufacturera.

Breakdown available

Aggregated indices are published for total employees,for manual and for non-manual workers.

Data for total employees are also published for eachof the 9 CMAP divisions of the manufacturing sector(see Classification coverage below).


Information on the methodology used to compile thedata can be found in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores del Sector Manufacturero.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are published in base 1993=100 from January1996 and were previously published in base1980=100.


Definition

Employment in manufacturing refers to employees inmanufacturing industries. Data cover all manual andnon-manual workers who have worked in an estab-lishment during the reference month and have re-ceived remuneration on a fixed or periodic basis.

Data include all employees on strike, vacation or onsick leave. They exclude people laid off for an un-specified period, pensioners, people working withoutremuneration and people working on a freelance basis(paid by agreement, on fees or commission).

Monthly hours of work refers to actual hours workedby all manual and non-manual workers (includingtemporary staff) in the manufacturing sector.

Included are all regular and supplementary hours,time spent on maintenance of machinery, cleaningtools and preparation of the work. Excluded are inter-ruptions for strikes, lockouts, technical stoppages,holidays, sick leave and work interruption due tonatural phenomena or other reasons.

Coverage

Reference period

Figures for Employment in manufacturing are aver-ages of the number of employees on the payroll dur-ing each week of the reference month.

Figures for Monthly hours of work correspond to thetotal hours worked during the month.


From 1994, data cover 205 classes of activity of the1994 Mexican Classification of Activity and Products(Clasificación Mexicana de Actividades y Productos,CMAP). Prior to that date, data covered 129 CMAP


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December 1996

classes of activity (from 1987 to 1993) and 57 CMAPclasses of activity (from 1980 to 1986).


DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method


DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

Indices in base 1993=100 are calculated as the ratio ofEmployment in manufacturing and Monthly hours of

work for the month under review to the correspondingaverage in 1993.



Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Indicadores del Sector Manufacturero.



A calendar with release dates is issued by INEGI on aregular basis. This information can be accessed viaInternet on the INEGI server:http://www.inegi.gob.mx/.


OECD ©


December 1996

LABOUR EmploymentInsured persons

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are compiled by the Mexican Social SecurityInstitute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social,IMSS).


Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Cuaderno de Información Oportuna.


Asegurados en el Instituto Mexicano de SeguridadSocial (IMSS): total

Breakdown available

Aggregated data are calculated at regional and na-tional levels for each class of economic activity andby kind of social insurance.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data refer to the number of insured persons.


Definition

Data refer to persons registered with the IMSS,whether on a compulsory or voluntary basis.

Persons are obliged to register with the IMSS if theyare:

− bound by a working contract (including personson permanent and on temporary contracts);

− employers of insured workers;

− members of production co-operatives;

− agricultural workers on public land (ejidatarios);

− independent workers and people employed in afamily business;

− farm owners;

− students;

− professional members of the armed forces.

People can register with the IMSS on a voluntarybasis for care and maternity services.

Coverage

Reference period

Data refer to persons who have been registered withthe IMSS during the reference month.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

IMSS registers include information from more than655 000 enterprises of all sizes in all economic sectorsand in the whole country.

Reporting method

Data are collected directly by the 36 regional IMSSoffices in the whole country. This information is thentransmitted to the national IMSS delegation in orderto be compiled at the national level.

Data are derived from the administrative records ofaffiliation to the IMSS for people on permanent con-tracts (of unspecified duration) and people insured onan voluntary basis.

Data on the number of seasonal workers in the agri-cultural sector are derived from information on totalproduction and productivity (due to the high mobilityof these workers); while data on the number of othertemporary workers are based on information derivedfrom payrolls sent by the employers to the IMSS.


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December 1996

Administrative source details

Description

The IMSS affiliation records contain information onthe five following topics:

− registration of a new business or new status of theemployer;

− new registration of an employee;

− change of salary of the insured worker;

− persons no longer insured;

− registration for facultative insurance.

Update procedures

Employers are obliged to notify IMSS, within 5 days,of all changes to affiliation records (see above).

Quality assessment

It is compulsory for employers to communicate allinformation to the IMSS.


Timeliness

Data for a particular month m are published by INEGIduring the month m+1.


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December 1996

LABOUR UnemploymentRate

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores de Empleo y Desempleo.


Tasa de desempleo abierto (R1).

Breakdown available

Unemployment rates are published at national andcity levels by:

− sex and five categories of ages (12-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45 years andolder);

− five education levels (none, partial primaryschool, primary school, secondary level, tertiarylevel);

− economic activity.


The complete methodology used to compile the datacan be found in INEGI (December 1995), EncuestaNacional de Empleo Urbano, Documento Meto-dológico.

Methodological information can also be found in themonthly publication INEGI, Indicadores de Empleo yDesempleo.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed as a percentage of the total labourforce.


Definition

The open unemployment rate (R1) is calculated bydividing the open unemployment figures by the totallabour force (Población Economicamente Activa,PEA).

PEA figures are defined as the number of employedpersons plus the number of persons in “open” unem-ployement.

Employed persons are those who, during the refer-ence week:

− were aged 12 or more;

− had worked for at least one hour for payment inkind or in money, or were self-employed;

− were temporarily absent due to illness, holidays,leave, or for personal reasons, but were sure toreturn to their work or business;

− did not work but were due to start work withinthe next four weeks.

Persons are considered to be unemployed (in “open”unemployment), if during the reference week, they:

− have not worked for more than one hour;

− were available for work;

− have actively sought employment during the lastfour weeks or have not searched for employmentin the last two months because of reasons relatedto natural conditions (e.g. poor harvest) or be-cause of work stoppage.

The PEA includes professional members of the armedforces but excludes conscripts.


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December 1996

Coverage

Reference period

Interviews are held throughout the whole quarter (seeReporting method below). Information on employ-ment refers to the week prior to the interview.


City coverage has been gradually extended. Table 6gives details on city coverage.

Table 6

City coverage

1973 .......................... 3 cities

1985 .......................... 16 cities

1992 .......................... 34 cities

1993 .......................... 37 cities

1994 .......................... 39 cities

1996 .......................... 41 cities

The present coverage has been 41 cities since January1996. This corresponds to 24 state capitals, 4 citiesbordering the United States (zones containing manyIn-bond exports industries - see the chapter on Indus-trial production) and 13 cities chosen for their eco-nomic importance.

According to the 1990 population census, the geo-graphic coverage represents 92% of the total urbanpopulation in towns of 100 000 inhabitants or moreand 65% of the population living in towns of 2 500inhabitants or more.


Data are collected from households in urban areas inthe whole country, except those living in collectivedwellings such as hotels, hospitals, prisons, barracks.Information is collected for professional members ofthe armed forces only when their private dwellingsare included in the survey sample.


Rural zones are excluded. Characteristics of the non-urban Labour Force are obtained from specific bian-nual surveys conducted in rural areas.

STANDARDS

International comparability

The open unemployment rate (R1) is calculated ac-cording to ILO standards. Under this definition, theunemployed are persons of working age who, in aspecific period, are without work and are both avail-able for and actively seeking work. The unemploy-ment rate is defined as the number of persons unem-ployed as a proportion of the total labour force, in-cluding the armed forces.

• • Informal sector

In the case of Mexico, the use of ILO standards maybe deceptive for several reasons.

As there is no unemployment insurance in Mexico,many people are engaged in marginal activities (streetvending, carrying out repair jobs, etc.). Thus the sizeof the informal sector is substantial. Recent INEGIsurveys on the informal sector have introduced theconcept of “marginal employment” (Encuesta Na-cional de Micronegocios). They show that, accordingto the ILO concept, 35 % of the Mexican working agepopulation is occupied in "marginal" activities. Thesepeople are not counted as unemployed in the sense ofthe ILO terminology.

INEGI's ten complementary rates of unemployment(R2 to R11, see table 7 below) represent an attempt tomeasure the underemployment that is not encom-passed in the concept of the Open unemployment rate(R1). These ten rates are based on a combination ofinformation on job searches, hours worked and in-come from employment.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Households in 41 cities throughout the whole country.

Reporting method

Data are derived from the National Survey on UrbanEmployment (Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano,ENEU) conducted by INEGI.

Collection of unemployment data started in 1973 withthe Continuous Survey on Employment (EncuestaContinua Sobre Ocupación, ECSO). Data were col-lected only for Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monter-rey (the three main cities). In 1985, the ECSO surveywas replaced by the ENEU survey.


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December 1996

Data are collected by questionnaire directly fromhouseholds. The complete survey is conducted on aquarterly basis and a sub-sample of households (aboutone-third) is visited monthly. Data collectors visiteach household and complete the questionnaire withthe members of the household.

The sample of households is divided into several in-dependent sub-samples with equal characteristics. Itis rotated by one-fifth every quarter. Each sub-sample is included only five times in the survey, thenit is dropped and replaced by a new one.

Table 7

Unemployment rates - Definitions

R1: Open unemployment rate Persons aged 12 years or more who did not work one hour or more during thereference week, who were available for work and who were actively seekingwork, as percent of total labour force.

R2: Alternative unemploymentrate

Persons who are “open” unemployed plus persons waiting to begin work in thenext four weeks plus persons who have stopped looking for a job - they werelooking in the past - but are still available to work (hidden unemployment).

The R2 rate is expressed as percent of total labour force plus hidden unemploy-ment.

R3: Real economic pressure rate R1 plus persons seeking a second job, as percent of total labour force.

R4: Real preference pressurerate

R1 plus persons seeking a new job, as percent of total labour force.

R5: General pressure rate R1 plus persons seeking a new or a second job, as percent of total labour force.

R6: Part-time (less than 15hours) plus unemploymentrate

R1 plus persons working less than 15 hours per week, as percent of total labourforce.

R7: Part-time for economic rea-sons plus unemployment rate

R1 plus persons working less than 35 hours per week for economic reasons, aspercent of total labour force.

R8: Part-time (less than 35hours) plus unemploymentrate

R1 plus persons working less than 35 hours per week (as percent of total labourforce).

R9: Insufficient income plus un-employment rate

R1 plus persons who work and earn less than the minimum wage, as percent oftotal labour force.

R10: Critical conditions of theemployed rate

Persons who work less than 35 hours per week for economic reasons plus personswho work more than 48 hours per week and earn between one and two times theminimum wage plus persons who work more than 35 hours per week and earnless than the minimum wage, as percent of total employment.

R11: General rate of employmentneeds

Composite of the R1, R2, R3, R4 and R6 rates.


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December 1996

Survey details


The questionnaire in basically its current form hasexisted since 1985. It covers topics related to bothsocial characteristics and employment conditions ofthe household (e.g. location of work, size of em-ployer's establishment, hours of work, income orbenefits received).

Information on employment is collected from themembers of the household aged 12 or more. Socialcharacteristics (age, sex, relationship with the head ofthe household, school history, date of birth, etc.) arecollected for all members of the household.

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1990 INEGI popu-lation census.

Survey description

The sample is stratified and probabilistic. The samplewas built according to the following steps:

Sample frame

Cities are divided into basic statistical units calledAreas Geoestadísticas Básicas (AGEB) defined byINEGI for the main purpose of the population census.An AGEB is homogeneous according to socio-economic criteria (described below) and includes onaverage 14-15 blocks of houses depending on the sizeof the city or the topography of the area.

At present, employment data are collected in 41 citiesthroughout the country, chosen for their economicimportance or their location (bordering the UnitedStates).

Sample stratification

AGEBs are first classified into 4 strata defined ac-cording to the socio-economic characteristics of thedwellings in the AGEB:

− High: residential dwellings with access to fullpublic and private services and basic publictransport.

− Medium: dwellings within easy reach of publictransport, general public services and a largenumber of stores.

− Low: unfinished dwellings built with low qualitymaterials and within easy reach of public trans-port.

− Marginal: same type of dwellings as for "low"but without access to public services or transport.

Sample units

Within each city-strata a sample of households isdrawn as follows:

(i) AGEBs are first merged, if necessary, so as tocreate sets containing between 240 and 480dwellings. The sets obtained are the PrimarySample Units (Unidades Primarias de Muestreo,UPM);

(ii) UPMs are selected with probabilities proportionalto the number of dwellings in them. Dwellingsare organised in blocks. Once the UPMs havebeen selected, the number of dwellings that eachblock of each selected UPM contains is re-counted and updated to account for new dwell-ings, etc. since the last census;

(iii) in each selected UPM, blocks of dwellings aremerged if necessary so as to create subsets ofdwellings containing between 20 and 50 PrimarySample Units. The corresponding subsets are theSecondary Sample Units (Unidades Secundariasde Muestreo, USM);

(iv) in each UPM, six USMs are selected with prob-abilities proportional to the number of dwellings.Once the USMs have been selected, an exhaus-tive identification (full address and other usefullocation characteristics) of the dwellings in theUSM is prepared, so as to make the survey pos-sible;

(v) finally an average of five dwellings is selected atrandom in each USM.

Sample updating

New UPMs are introduced each quarter (rotatingsample), and the sampling frame (dwelling stratum,new areas, changes in block size, etc.) is updatedcontinually to take into account changes in citystructure.

Sample size

The sample size varies from 5 100 households visitedquarterly in Mexico City to 2 100 households in thesmallest of the 41 cities. The sample size for eachcity is such that maximal error on the final unem-ployment rate in the city is +/- 5% at the 80% confi-dence level (for example a confidence interval wouldbe 6.95 % - 7.05 % for a city unemployment rate of7%).

The total size of the sample at national level is about94 000 households. On a monthly basis, the survey isconducted with about 30 000 households in the wholecountry.


OECD ©


December 1996

Non-response rate

It represents around 15 % of the total sample size.

DATA MANIPULATION


Grossing up method

In each city and for each of the variables surveyed,results are grossed-up to the total population aged 12years and over. These grossing-up factors are in-versely proportional to the selection probabilities ofdwellings; they are derived from the results of the1990 population census.

Grossing-up factors are corrected by the percentage ofnon-responses at USM level.


Seasonal adjustments are carried out by INEGI usingX11-ARIMA/88. Seasonally adjusted series take intoaccount Easter adjustments: the unemployment ratestend to be higher during the Easter week period(semana santa) because of public holidays.



Sampling error and their corrections

Stages of quality control have been developed in thefield and in offices: 10% of the households are re-interviewed and data consistency is checked throughcomputer analysis.


Monthly estimates are calculated from a sub-samplecovering 33% of the total quarterly sample.

Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Indicadores de Empleo y Desempleo.





OECD ©


December 1996

WAGESReal monthly earnings

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication INEGI,Indicadores del Sector Manufacturero.


Indices de las remuneraciones medias reales totalespor persona ocupada : total

Breakdown available

Aggregated indices are published for total employees,for manual and for non-manual workers.

Data for total employees are also published for eachof the 9 CMAP divisions of the manufacturing sector(see Classification coverage below).


Information on the methodology used to compile thedata can be found in the monthly publication, INEGI,Indicadores del Sector Manufacturero.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are published in base 1993=100 from January1996 and were previously published in base1980=100.


Definition

Data refer to wages, salaries and social benefits paidto all wage and salary earners (with indefinite orfixed-term contracts).

Wages and salaries refer to total gross payments tomanual and non-manual workers for regular andsupplementary hours worked during the referencemonth. Included are incentive and holiday pay, endof year and other bonuses, commissions paid to em-ployees receiving regular wages and participation inenterprise profits. Excluded are pensions and fees orcommissions received by people working on a free-lance basis.

Social benefits include medical services, food, lifeinsurance, employers' contribution to the MexicanSocial Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Se-guro Social, IMSS) and the National fund for work-ers' housing (Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivi-enda para los Trabajadores, INFONOVIT), compen-sation for layoff, contributions to retirement schemes,and all contributions which should be paid by theworkers' but which are covered by the establishment.

Social benefits do not include the value of uniforms,work clothes, and reimbursable expenses (for travelor representation costs).

Coverage

Reference period

Figures correspond to total wages, salaries and socialbenefits paid in the month.


From 1994, data cover 205 classes of activity of the1994 Mexican Classification of Activity and Products(Clasificación Mexicana de Actividades y Productos,CMAP). Prior to that date, data covered 129 CMAPclasses of activity (from 1987 to 1993) and 57 CMAPclasses of activity (from 1980 to 1986).


OECD ©


December 1996


DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method


DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

Wages are first deflated by the consumer price index(in base 1994=100) to obtain real wages.

Indices in base 1993=100 are then calculated as theratio of real wages for the current reported month tothe corresponding average real wage in 1993.



Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Indicadores del Sector Manufacturero.





OECD ©


December 1996

PRICES Producer prices(a) Total(b) Agricultural products

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication Bank ofMexico, Indice de precios


Indice nacional de Precios Productor:

(a) Indice general.(b) Agricultura, ganadería, silvicultura y pesca.

Breakdown available

Aggregated indices are published (see Classificationcoverage below):

− at total level (primary and secondary sectors ofthe CMAE);

− for each sector of economic activity, Major divi-sion, division, branch and for each of the 555 ge-neric products corresponding to a CMAE class ofactivity;

− for the aggregate components of Demand (Total,Private consumption, Gross fixed capital forma-tion and Exports).

For Producer prices: agricultural products aggregatedindices are published for the following CMAEbranches: agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing;as well as for each of the corresponding goods andclasses of activity.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in base 1994=100.


Definition

Data cover both domestic and export markets.

Total index: data measure the monthly price changesin the output of the agriculture, livestock, forestry,fishing, mining, manufacturing and construction ac-tivities.

Agricultural products: data measure the monthlyprice changes in the output from agriculture, live-stock, forestry and fishing.

Coverage


The whole country.


The classification used is the 1980 Mexican Cata-logue of Economic Activities (Catálogo Mexicano deActividades Económicas, CMAE).

CMAE is organised into: sectors of economic activ-ity, Major divisions, divisions (only for manufactur-ing), branches of economic activities and classes ofactivity. Each class of activity corresponds to one orseveral products as defined in the 1993 National In-come and Product Accounts (see Survey details be-low).


Total index: the coverage corresponds to the primaryand secondary sectors of economic activity of theCMAE classification.


OECD ©


December 1996

Agricultural products: the coverage corresponds toMajor division 1 (Agriculture, forestry and fishing) ofthe primary sector of the CMAE.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Data are collected from enterprises and producers’associations, or from first dealers in the case of agri-cultural products (where the selling price of a productcan be obtained when it is first sold on the market).

Reporting method

Data are derived from the monthly survey on pro-ducer prices conducted by the Bank of Mexico.

Prices are collected directly by price collectors for aconstant basket of 555 goods (including 75 agricul-tural products). Prices are recorded on a price quota-tion register (registro de cotizaciones) by price collec-tors and are sent to the Bank of Mexico for the compi-lation of the price indices.

Prices of perishable goods are quoted weekly, otherprices are quoted monthly. All prices are averageprices for the month.

Survey details

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1993-1994 Enter-prise Census (Marco directorio de las empresas) car-ried out by the Bank of Mexico.

Survey description

Universe of products

The universe of products was defined using produc-tion value data from the 1993 National Income andProduct Accounts compiled by the Bank of Mexico.

Selection of the products

A sample of 555 generic products was selected withprobabilities proportional to the value of productionfrom the universe defined according to the CMAE.

Selection of the enterprises

The sample used for enterprises is also probabilistic:enterprises were selected, in each class of activitywhere products are chosen, with probabilities propor-tional to the sales of those products.

Selection of the specific items

For each generic product selected, a sample of differ-ent packaging was selected from those available in thesampled enterprises. The selection of packaging wasbased on sales figures for these different productpresentations. In all, 12 000 specific items were se-lected.

Sample size

Total index: prices for 12 000 items are collectedmonthly throughout the country for 555 genericgoods.

Agricultural products: 2 270 prices (out of 12 000)are collected monthly from 400 sources for 75 genericgoods (see Reporting units above).

Non-response rate

Enterprises for which data were not available duringprevious visits are systematically re-visited.

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

Indices are calculated using the fixed-weight Las-peyres formula.

For each generic product, simple arithmetic priceaverages are calculated each month and divided bythe corresponding price average in 1994 to obtain anelementary price index.

Elementary indices are aggregated at higher levels(classes of activity, branch, division, Major divisionand Sector of economic activity) using 1993 NationalIncome and Product Accounts demand data. Finaldemand for each generic product is given in the input-output table, which allows aggregation of the productindices at the level of class of activity. Demand datafor each class of activity allows aggregation at higherlevels.


Weights are calculated from the input-output table ofthe 1993 National Income and Products Accounts.They are derived from production and intermediateconsumption for each class of activity. Table 8 showsa summary weighting pattern.


OECD ©


December 1996

Table 8

Producer price indexweighting pattern

Per cent

CMAE Sectors ofeconomic activity

1993Weights

Primary sector ................................... 13.1of which

Mining ........................................... 4.2Agriculture, livestock forestryand fishing ..................................... 8.9

Secondary sector................................ 86.9of which

Manufacturing................................ 64.1Construction................................... 22.8

Total 100.0


Revisions

Data are revised when the company Petroléos Mexi-canos provides revised data on oil prices.





OECD ©


December 1996

PRICES Consumer prices(c) All items(d) All items less food(e) Food(f) Beverages and tobacco(g) Fuel and electricity(h) Rent(i) Mexico City: all items

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication, Bank ofMexico, Indice de Precios.

Source title in national publications

Indice nacional de precios al consumidor

(c) Indice general(e) Alimentos(f) Bebidas y tabaco(g) Electricidad y combustibles(h) Vivienda alquilada(i) Indice Ciudad de Mexico

Data for Consumer prices: all items less food arecalculated by the OECD and therefore are not pub-lished in national publications.

Breakdown available

An index is published for each item in the basket ofgoods and services (see Reporting method below) atcity, regional and national level.

These indices are then aggregated to the total index(all items) at city, regional and national level by:

− expenditure (e.g. expenditure on food, clothingand footwear, etc.);

− sector of economic activity (primary, secondaryand tertiary);

− four income brackets (only at national and re-gional levels).



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Consumer price indices are published in base1994=100.


Definition

Data measure the price changes over time of a con-stant basket of goods and services taken as represent-ing the consumption habits of households. All pricesinclude taxes.

The item food excludes beverages and tobacco as wellas restaurant meals; the item rent excludes repairsand maintenance.

Coverage


Data are collected in 46 cities throughout the country.


All households.


Cities with 20 000 inhabitants or less are excluded.


OECD ©


December 1996

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method

Data are derived from the fortnightly survey on con-sumer prices carried out by the Bank of Mexico.Food prices are, however, collected weekly.

Prices are collected for a constant basket of 313 goodsand services. The goods or services must be for con-sumption (and not for re-sale), refer to commonlyused items and their prices should be readily ob-served.

All prices are collected directly in retail outlets byinquirers, except for prices for rent, gas, electricity,petroleum and telephone services which are collecteddirectly from households.

Collected prices are sent daily to the Bank of Mexicoby modem and processed by computer.

Reporting units

Data are collected from retail outlets. Prices for rentare collected directly from households.

Prices for food products are collected each week,prices for other products are collected fortnightly.Monthly prices refer to the average price in themonth.

Survey details

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1990 INEGI Popu-lation census (Censo de Población)

Survey description

Prices are collected according to a four-stage method:

− selection of the content of a basic basket of goodsand services;

− selection of the cities where prices are collected;

− selection of retail outlets and households in eachcity where prices are collected;

− selection of the brands and packaging of theproducts for which prices are collected in the re-tail outlets selected in previous step.

Selection of a basket of goods and services

A basket of 313 goods and services representative ofthe consumption habits of Mexican families has beenchosen based on the results of the 1989 National In-come and Expenditure Household Survey conducted

by INEGI (Encuesta Nacional de los Ingresos yGastos de los Hogares, ENIGH).

Selection of cities

The country is divided into seven regions. Withineach region, stratification is by city size: small, me-dium and large. In all, 46 cities are included in thesample.

Selection of retail outlets and households

In each selected city, retail outlets were sampled withprobabilities proportional to their size and their retailturnover.

For rent and domestic services, prices are collectedmonthly from 5 000 households in the 46 cities.These households have been sampled to be represen-tative of all socio-economic status profiles.

Selection of specific items

Different brands and packaging of the generic prod-ucts were selected with probabilities proportional totheir sales, based on the results of the National Surveyon Brands and Packaging (Encuesta Nacional de lasMarcas y Presentaciones, ENMP).

The ENMP survey is conducted by the Bank ofMexico on a regular basis in each of the sampled cit-ies and for the generic products of the basic basket ofgoods and services.

Sample size

Each month, 170 000 prices are collected for 313generic products in the 46 cities. Among the pricescollected, approximately 10 % are food, beveragesand tobacco prices, 40 % are other goods prices and50 % are service prices.

These prices are collected from 14 000 retail outletsand 5 000 households.

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

Indices are calculated using the fixed-weight Las-peyres formula.

Prices for each generic product are calculated in eachcity as a simple arithmetic price average of its repre-sentative items and divided by the corresponding av-erage price in 1994 to obtain an elementary index.Elementary indices are aggregated at several levelsusing weights proportional to consumption expendi-tures in 1989.


OECD ©


December 1996

In total, 66 000 indices at generic product, city andregion levels enter into the calculation of the totalindex.

− elementary indices are first aggregated for eachof the seven regions and city strata (small, me-dium and large) (e.g. rice in Baja California forlarge cities);

− indices are then aggregated at regional and na-tional levels (e.g. rice in Baja California andrice);

− these indices are then aggregated to the total in-dex (all items) at national level.


Weights used to calculate aggregated indices are de-rived from national expenditure of Mexican familiesobtained from the 1989 INEGI Household Survey(ENIGH), together with data from the INEGI popula-tion census.

The weights by main groups are summarised in Ta-ble 9:

Table 9

Consumer pricesweighting pattern

Per cent

Main groups1989

Weights

Food, beverages and tobacco........... 29.41Clothing and footwear ..................... 6.75Housing ........................................... 22.22of which

Rent.............................................. n.aFurniture household appliances andother goods ...................................... 5.69Medical care and health expenses.... 6.78Transport ......................................... 15.19Education and recreation ................ 7.66Other services .................................. 6.30

Total ................................................ 100.00

of whichTotal goods .................................. 55.02Total services............................... 44.98

Other manipulations

Quality changes

When the quality of a product from the basic basketof goods and services changes significantly, an ad-justment is made to take this change into account.



Each month, 3 cities and 20 products are chosen atrandom. Supervisors compare prices in these citieswith those collected by the inquirers.

A computer application is used to check pricechanges. For each product, monthly price changes ineach city are compared to the price change in the cor-responding region. If there is a discrepancy, the cityprices are immediately checked by a supervisor andcorrected where necessary.



A calendar with release dates is issued by the Bank ofMexico. This information can be accessed with In-ternet on the Ministry of Finance (Secretaría de Haci-enda y Crédito Público) server:http://www.shcp.gob.mx/.


OECD ©


December 1996

DOMESTIC FINANCE(a) Money supply (M1)

(b) Money supply (M4)

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication, Bank ofMexico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos.


(a) Agregado monetario, M1.(b) Agregado monetario, M4.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in Mexican Pesos.


Definition

Money supply (M1) comprises notes, coins, andcheque accounts (both interest and non-interest bear-ing) held by the non-banking sector, denominated inPesos or in foreign currency.

Money supply (M4) comprises M1, plus the bankinginstruments of a maturity of one year or less andbankers' acceptances, plus the non-banking liquidinstruments offered to the public (Treasury bills andother public debt instruments, commercial paper,etc.), plus long-term financial instruments. Prior toJuly 1992, the FICORCA (Fund for Hedging Ex-change Rate Risks) was also part of this aggregateand since May 1992, resources of the RetirementSaving System (SAR) have been included.

DATA MANIPULATION


Seasonal adjustments are carried out by the OECDusing the X-11 variant of US Census Method II.

No adjustment for trading days is made.






OECD ©


December 1996

INTEREST RATES3-month CETES

SOURCE

Source agencies



Data are available in the monthly publication Bank ofMexico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos.


CETES, 3 meses.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in percent per annum.


Definition

The 3-month CETES treasury bills (Certificates deTesorería, CETES) are zero coupon bonds issued bythe federal government on a discount basis. The raterepresents the yield at maturity (3 months) on theprimary market.

CETES are issued at the Mexico Stock Exchange intwo ways:

• Dutch auction: both the Bank of Mexico and thebuyers propose rates at which they are willing tosell (or buy) bills. The Bank of Mexico then is-sues the bills at the lowest bid; bills are assignedonly to buyers who made a proposal less than theBank’s proposal.

• Multiple rate auction: the Bank of Mexico fixes aquantity of bills to be assigned and bidders pro-pose rates at which they are willing to buy bills.The Bank of Mexico assigns the bills according tothe bids, starting with the lowest rate.

CETES returns are tax exempt for physical persons:moral persons must record them as liable for taxation.

Coverage

Reference period

Data refer to closing rates (at 6.30 p.m.) of the day onwhich the auction takes place. The monthly rate pub-lished in Main Economic Indicators is the average ofweekly auction rates.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method

Data are compiled from weekly auctions of the treas-ury bills which are collected directly at the MexicoStock Exchange.

Data are collected using the Bank of Mexico’s infor-mation system which connects the Central Bank withthe financial intermediaries and the Mexico StockExchange.


OECD ©


December 1996

SHARE PRICESAll shares

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are compiled by the Mexico Stock Exchange(Bolsa de valores de México).


Data are available in the monthly publication Bank ofMexico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos.


Indice de precios de las acciones cotizadas en bolsa:índice general

Breakdown available

Aggregated indices are calculated for six sectors ofeconomic activity (mining, manufacturing, construc-tion, trade, transport and communication and serv-ices) as well as for the total index.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are published by national source in base 30thOctober 1978=100.


Definition

Data measure the changes in share prices observed ona selected sample of companies.

Coverage


The whole country.


Data cover companies from the industrial, commer-cial and service sectors.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Companies which meet the selection criteria (seeSample frame below).

Reporting method

Data are collected by direct daily observations of thequoted share prices on the Mexico Stock Exchange.

Survey details

Survey description

The sample is purposive, as described below.

Selection of companies

Companies are selected according to various criteria:

• Trading volume criteria:

Companies are ranked by decreasing trading vol-ume and classified into three categories: high,medium and low trading volume. The mediumtrading volume category is sub-divided into fourquartiles (see the diagram on page 48).

All companies in (a) and (b) are selected, togetherwith a sample of companies in (c). This sample isbased on criteria regarding capitalisation valueand sector of activity.


OECD ©


December 1996

Share prices - Trading volume

Medium (1/3)

} High (1/3)

Low (1/3)

(a)

(f)

(b)(c)(d)(e)

(f)

}

}

• Additional criteria:

(i) companies whose shares are suspended for atleast one month or which are due to be sus-pended are excluded from the sample.

(ii) when companies issue several shares andthese represent more than 15% of the totaltrading volume of the sample, only the priceof the share with the higher trading volume isobserved.

(iii) subsidiaries of holding companies are ex-cluded from the sample, if: both the subsidi-ary and the holding company have a highlevel of trading volume, and the subsidiarycompany represents at least 75% of the hold-ing group's assets.

Updating sample

The sample is updated every two months and all pre-vious criteria are re-evaluated.

Sample size

At the beginning of 1996, 35 companies were in-cluded in the sample. This number has varied be-tween 35 and 50 in the period from January 1970 tothe present time.

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation method

Daily indices are calculated as the ratio of theweighted average of price quotations of the currentday to the corresponding average of the previousworking day.

Fixed base monthly indices are then calculated bychaining the daily indices.


Weights used to calculate aggregated indices are de-rived from the daily market capitalisation value ofeach company.

Adjustments to capitalisation values are made to takeinto account share price changes due to dividendpayments, changes in the number of shares, splittingof shares, new share issues and subscription to con-vertible bonds.



Data for a particular month m are published by theBank of Mexico during the month m+1.


OECD ©


December 1996

FOREIGN FINANCEExchange rate, Peso/US dollarUS dollar exchange rate: spot

SOURCE

Source agencies

Exchange rate, Peso/US dollar. Data are compiledby the OECD on the basis of monthly returns fromthe Bank of Mexico.

US dollar exchange rate: spot. Data are compiled bythe Bank of Mexico and are obtained by the OECDfrom by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Key national publication sources, series title

Exchange rate, Peso/US dollar. Data are calculatedby the OECD and are therefore not available in na-tional publications.

US dollar exchange rate: spot. Data are published inthe monthly IMF, International Financial Statistics(IFS) bulletin: Exchange rate, US dollar per Peso,Mexico. Data are also available in the Bank of Mex-ico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos, with thefollowing title: Tipo de cambio para solventar obli-gaciones en moneda extranjera, venta.


Exchange rate, Peso/US dollar. Data are availablefrom January 1963.

US dollar exchange rate: spot. Data are availablefrom February 1987.

Periodicity

All data are compiled on a monthly basis.

Unit of measurement

Exchange rate, Peso/US dollar. Data are expressedin Peso per US dollar.

US dollar exchange rate: spot. Data are expressed inUS Cents per Peso.


Definition

Exchange rate, Peso/US dollar. Data refer to theinterbank exchange rate used for transactions with avalue date at 48 hours.

US dollar exchange rate: spot. Data refer to theclosing exchange rate used in the sale of bonds inforeign currency.

Coverage

Reference period

Exchange rate, Peso/US dollar. Rates are observedeach working day of the reference month. Themonthly exchange rate published in Main EconomicIndicators is the average of daily rates.

US dollar exchange rate: spot. Rates are closingrates observed on the last working day of the month at6.30 p.m.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting method

Data are collected directly at the Mexico Stock Ex-change.


OECD ©


December 1996

FOREIGN FINANCEOfficial reserves excluding gold

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are compiled by the International MonetaryFund (IMF).


Data are available in the monthly publication IMF,International Financial Statistics.


Official reserves, excluding gold: Mexico.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in Special Drawing Rights(SDRs).


Definition

Official reserves include the value of monetaryauthorities’ holding of SDRs, foreign exchange andtheir reserve position in the IMF.


Timeliness

Data for a particular month m are published by theIMF during the month m+2.


OECD ©


December 1996

FOREIGN FINANCEReal effective exchange rate

SOURCE

Source agencies

Data are compiled by the OECD.



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in base 1990=100.


Definition

The real effective exchange rate is an indicator ofcompetitiveness which takes into account both exportand import competitiveness. It compares each coun-try’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) to the CPI of itsmain trading partners. A fall indicates an improve-ment in competitive position.

The calculation includes twenty-five of the OECDMember countries (Czech Republic, Hungary andPoland are excluded, Belgium-Luxembourg is treatedas one country), and three of the Dynamic AsianEconomies (Hong-Kong, Singapore and ChineseTaipei). Thirty markets are considered: 24 OECDcountries and 6 non-OECD zones (Korea was stillincluded in non-OECD zones in December 1996).

The calculation of real effective exchange rates uses asystem of weights based on a double-weighting prin-ciple: for each year the procedure calculates for eachcountry the relative importance of its competitors oneach market and then weights it according to the rela-tive importance of the different markets for thatcountry. Real effective exchange rates are computedby deflating geometric averages of indices of nominalexchange rates by geometric averages of consumerprice indices. Averages are then calculated each yearwith the weighting system of the previous year. Afuller description of this methodology is given inOECD’s Indicators of International Trade and com-petitiveness, OECD Economic Department WorkingPapers, No 120, Martine Durand, Jacques Simon andColin Webb.


OECD ©


December 1996

FOREIGN TRADEImports f.o.b.Exports f.o.b.Net trade (f.o.b.-f.o.b.)

SOURCE

Source agencies

Foreign trade figures are compiled by a workinggroup composed of INEGI, Bank of Mexico and theMinistry of Finance (Secretaría de Hacienda yCrédito Público).


Data are available in the monthly publications INEGI,Balanza Comercial de México and Estadísticas delComercio Exterior. Data are also published in themonthly publication Bank of Mexico, Carpeta deIndicadores Económicos.


(a) Importación FOB, Total(b) Exportación FOB, Total(c) Saldo comercial FOB-FOB

Breakdown available

Aggregated data are available in national publicationsfor trade by country, by goods and by final use ofgoods (intermediate, investment, consumer). Data arealso published according to the Harmonised Systemat the 8-digit level and the International Standard In-dustrial Classification (ISIC).



Periodicity


Unit of measurement

Data are expressed in US dollars.


A complete methodology of the foreign trade seriescan be found in the monthly publications INEGI,Balanza Comercial de Mexico and Estadísticas delComercio Exterior

Information on methodology is also available inINEGI (1994), ABC de la Estadística de ComercioExterior de Mexico.


Definition

Data refer to trade of goods and services from and toMexico. Transactions in gold, refined silver, curren-cies, bank notes and shares are excluded.

From 1991, foreign trade statistics also include re-exports and re-imports, where these refer to goodsleaving or entering the country for a limited period inorder to be transformed, repaired or stored. This re-fers in particular to In-bond export industries (see thechapter on Industrial production).

Foreign trade data refer to general trade, i.e. transac-tions from/to bonded warehouses and free zones areincluded in import and export statistics.

Data are published on a f.o.b. basis, i.e. cost, insur-ance and freight are not included in the value of trans-actions.

Coverage

Reference period

Data refer to all transactions in the reference month.


The whole country.


OECD ©


December 1996


Data cover only those transactions for which customsformalities have been completed.


The classifications used are the Harmonised System(Sistema Armonizado, SA) and the InternationalStandard Industrial Classification, ISIC (ClasificaciónIndustrial International Uniforme).

STANDARDS


Data are compiled according to the Harmonised Sys-tem and ISIC.

International comparability

Statistics are compiled in line with internationalguidelines as they are based on the Harmonised sys-tem for the description and codification of productsand partner countries.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Data are collected from the 81 customs houses of thecountry.

Reporting method

The main source of the data is official customs decla-rations supplied by the Custom Authorities(Administración General de Aduanas). Import andexport transactions are detailed in these declarations.Data are compiled from a daily collection of thesetransactions and are processed on magnetic tape.Approximately 1.1 million - 1.25 million transactionsare processed each month.

Data are completed with direct reports from externalsources, in particular for trade of crude petroleum,motor vehicles and automotive parts.

The main characteristics of the transactions (price,volume, detailed description of the product, partnercountry) are collected in order to compile the com-plete foreign trade statistics.

DATA MANIPULATION


Aggregation methods

Data are converted into US dollars using the dailyPeso/US dollar exchange rate from the Bank ofMexico.

Net trade (f.o.b.-f.o.b.) is calculated as total exports(f.o.b.) minus total imports (f.o.b.).


Seasonal adjustments are carried out by INEGI usingthe X-11 ARIMA/88 and take into account adjust-ments for Easter.




Preliminary figures are indicated with a "P" in thepublication Balanza comercial de México.

Revision policy

Data are revised each quarter for the latest 12-monthperiod.


Data for a particular month m are published betweenthe 8th and the 12th of the month m+1.



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BALANCE OF PAYMENTS(a) Trade balance(b) Net services(c) Net income(d) Net transfers(e) Current balance(f) Net capital movements(g) Change in official reserves(h) Net errors and omissions

SOURCE

Source agencies

Balance of Payments data are compiled by the Bankof Mexico.


Data are published in the monthly publication Bankof Mexico, Carpeta de Indicadores Económicos.


(a) Saldo de la balanza comercial(b) Servicios no factoriales(c) Servicios factoriales (renta)(d) Transferencias(e) Cuenta corriente(f) Cuenta de capital(g) Errores y omisiones(h) Variación de la reserva bruta


Data are available from first quarter 1970, except forNet income for which data are available from firstquarter 1982.

Periodicity

Data are compiled on a quarterly basis.

Unit of measurement

Data are published in US dollars.


Definition

The Balance of Payments figures are compiled on atransactions basis. They summarise transactions be-tween residents of Mexico and the rest of the world(non-residents).

Balance of Payments data are presented according tothe major accounts: Current balance, Net capitalmovements, Change in official reserves and Errorsand omissions.

The Current balance comprises Trade balance, Netservices, Net income and Net transfers.

(i) The Trade balance records the value of goodschanging ownership between residents and non-residents. Data are registered on a f.o.b. basis,i.e. cost, insurance and freight are not included inthe value of transactions.

Data include the value of goods imported and ex-ported by In-bond export industries (see thechapter on Industrial production).

(ii) Net services include Transport, Travel, Reinsur-ance and other services.

− Transport: includes transport services, by sea,air and train, provided to non-residents; rentalof transport equipment and other services toMexican staff staying abroad; and receiptsfrom foreigners using Mexican ports and air-ports.


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− Travel: refers to expenditure by residentstravelling in a foreign country and receiptsfrom non-residents travelling in Mexico.Travellers are classified into two categories:tourists (travellers who stay at least one night inthe country) and excursionists (travellers whodo not stay overnight in the country).

− Reinsurance: receipts (debits) correspond toamounts received (paid) by Mexican insurancecompanies for premiums of reinsurance takenabroad, and reinsurance reimbursements paidby (received from ) non-residents.

− − Other services: cover telecommunications, in-cluding international telephone calls and use ofsatellites, as well as diplomatic expenses ofMexican authorities abroad and non-residentauthorities in Mexico.

(iii) Net income includes Interest, Profits, Royaltiesand Labour income.

− Interest: refers to interest paid or generated byMexican companies abroad and by foreigncompanies in Mexico.

− Profits: cover profits of resident companieswith a share in the capital of a foreign com-pany.

− Royalties: refer to receipts from royalties fromnon-resident economies (foreign countries).

− Labour income: amount of remittances whichthe economy receives from residents living inthe border area with the United States whohave a legal working activity.

(iv) Net transfers records the following transactions:

− Family remittances: are remittances fromMexicans living in the United States (with orwithout a residence permit) to family or friendsliving in Mexico.

− Other transfers: are mainly donations and re-tirement pensions received by non-residentsliving in Mexico.

Net Capital movements data record the changes inassets and liabilities arising from transactions betweenMexico and the rest of the world:

(i) Liabilities cover all financial liabilities with therest of the world incurred by the residents ofMexico, that is:

− Loans and deposits: changes in foreign liabili-ties in the form of loans and deposits.

− Foreign investment: covers direct and portfolioinvestments:

• Direct investment: includes investments innew companies or capital increases in exist-ing companies; non distributed profitswhich are reinvested in the company; andcurrent account transactions between asso-ciated companies, which include transac-tions arising from debt.

The value of imports from In-bond exportindustries (see the chapter on Industrial pro-duction) are recorded as direct investmentwhen these come from the main companyresiding abroad, although these transactionsdo not generate a change of ownership.

• Portfolio investment: includes investmenton the stock market, amounts in MexicanPeso held by non-residents and amounts inforeign currencies (promissory notes, bonds,etc.) held by residents.

(ii) Assets: refer to all financial assets held by non-residents. These include:

− Assets of the Mexican banks which covercredits, deposits and bonds.

− Deposits of the non-financial sector in foreignbanks.

− Commercial credits, which refer to creditsgranted by a governmental agency to foreignimporters of Mexican manufacturing products.

− Warrants of external debt which can be issuedin US bonds for example.

The Change in official reserves balance records thechanges of assets which are considered by the mone-tary authorities to be available for use in meeting bal-ance of payments. Figures also include adjustmentsfor changes in the value of gold and silver reserves.

Net errors and omissions is a balancing item for theCurrent balance, Net capital movements and Changesin official reserves.

Coverage


The whole country.


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Residents of the Mexican economy.

STANDARDS


Balance of Payments data are compiled according tothe methodology of the Balance of Payments Manual,Fifth edition published by the IMF.

In particular, sign conventions are followed. A plussign indicates :

• in the Current balance: an outflow of goods andservices or payments received from non-residents.

• in Net capital movements: a decrease in residents’holdings in foreign assets, or an increase in theirliabilities.

Departures from international standards

The value of imports from In Bond export companies(see the chapter on Industrial production) are recordedas direct investment when these come from the maincompany residing abroad, although these transactionsdo not generate a change of ownership. The IMFdoes not make any explicit reference to that phe-nomenon in the Balance of Payments Manual, Fifthedition.

The Bank of Mexico presents data for Change in of-ficial reserves according to the opposite IMF signconvention (for the Bank of Mexico a plus sign indi-cates an increase of assets). Therefore the figurespublished in Main Economic Indicators for Change inofficial reserves have the opposite sign to those pub-lished by the Bank of Mexico.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Data are derived from official customs declarations,administrative sources and various surveys for data ontravellers or on companies financed by foreign capi-tal, for example. Information from private institu-tions, from the National Commission for Banks andfrom the Stock Exchange is also used.

DATA MANIPULATION

Other manipulations

Balance of Payments data are compiled in US dollars.Some data are collected directly in US dollars. Forthose data which are collected in Mexican Pesos, thefollowing exchange rates have been used to convertthe transactions into US dollars:

− the daily or monthly exchange rate, depending onthe periodicity of the reported transactions.

− the end of period exchange rate for transactionswhich are calculated as the difference betweenfinal and initial balances.



Data for a particular quarter q are published by theBank of Mexico 60 days after the end of the referencequarter.

A calendar of release dates is issued by the Bank ofMexico. This information can be accessed via Inter-net on the Ministry of Finance (Secretaría de Haci-enda y Crédito Público) server:http://www.shcp.gob.mx/.


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INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

This section contains information on the main surveysconducted on industrial activities. These surveys areused particularly in the compilation of industrial pro-duction statistics.

THE MONTHLY INDUSTRIAL SURVEY

Refer to Table A1.1 for a summary of the survey.

SOURCE


A complete methodology of the survey can be foundin the publication INEGI, Encuesta Industrial Men-sual, Resumen Anual.


Reference period

Data refer to production for the whole referencemonth.


1994 Mexican Classification of Activities and Prod-ucts (Clasificación Mexicana de Actividades y Pro-ductos, CMAP).

The different levels of the CMAP are: Major divi-sion, division (only for manufacturing, 1-digit level),branch (2-digit level), group (3-digit level), class ofactivity (4-digit level) and products.

STANDARDS

Standard classifications / nomenclatures

The 1994 CMAP is compatible with the InternationalStandard Industrial Classification (ISIC) 1990, Rev 3at the 4-digit level.

DATA COLLECTION

Reporting units

Information is collected for major manufacturing es-tablishments with more than 6 employees accordingto the 1994 industrial census.

Reporting method

Data are collected by questionnaire each month byenumerators from regional offices. They deliver thequestionnaire to each establishment surveyed andhelp to complete it if necessary. Enumerators comeback later in the month to collect the questionnaire.

Survey details


The Monthly Industrial Survey (Encuesta IndustrialMensual, EIM) collects information on employment,wages, hours worked, production and sales as well asthe value of In-bond export services (see the chapteron Industrial production).

Master list

The sample frame is based on the 1994 INEGI indus-trial census.

Survey description

The sampling unit is the manufacturing establishment.Establishments are classified according to their prin-cipal activity (which may change over time) inCMAP.

The sample is mainly purposive. In each of the 205classes of activity covered by the survey, establish-ments are ranked by decreasing production value,according to the 1994 industrial census. Major estab-lishments (see Reporting units above) are selectedfrom this list to represent at least 80 % of the totalvalue of the manufacturing production in each classof activity.

For some classes of activity, where enterprise turn-over is too small, a probabilistic sample has been usedto complete the sample described above. In eachclass of activity, a maximum of 140 establishmentsare selected nation-wide, even if they do not cover80% of the total value of the production of theseclasses of activity.

In each establishment selected, data for all productsare collected.

Sample size

Information is collected in 6 884 manufacturing es-tablishments for 4 000 products in 205 classes of ac-


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tivity of the CMAP. Prior to 1993, data were col-lected in 3 218 manufacturing establishments for2 647 products in 129 classes of activity. Prior to1987, information was collected in 1264 establish-ments for 373 products in 57 classes of activity.

Non-response rate

Non-response is estimated to correspond to 5% of thetotal production value. Establishments which do notrespond to the questionnaire are revisited with a viewto decreasing the non-response rate.

OTHER INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS

The Monthly Survey on Mining and Metallurgy(Encuesta Minerometalúrgica Mensual, EMM) isconducted jointly by INEGI and the Ministry of En-ergy (Secretaría de Energía) and refers to mining,refining and the further treatment of metallic and non-

metallic minerals. The main products covered aregold, silver, lead, copper, sulphur, fluorspar and iron.

The survey on Monthly Statistics of Exports from In-bond export industries (Estadística Mensual de laIndustría Maquiladora de Exportación, EMIME) isconducted by INEGI. This is a full-scope surveywhich covers the 2 000 establishments engaged in In-bond export activity (maquiladoras).

Results of surveys conducted by Chambers of Com-merce and Producers’ associations are also used tocompile the industrial production data. These in-clude: National Chamber of sugar and alcohol indus-tries, National Chamber of beer and malt, Manufac-turers and importers of paper, Mexican petroleum(Petróleos Mexicanos, PEMEX), National Chamberof cement, National Chamber of iron and steel, Mexi-can automotive industry association and Nationalassociation of producers of buses and trucks.


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Table A1.1

Monthly Industrial SurveyEncuesta Industrial Mensual, EIM

Start of the current survey 1975.

Periodicity of the survey Monthly.

Reference period The whole month.

Geographical coverage The whole country.

Reporting units Major manufacturing establishments (more than 6 employees).

Reporting method Data are collected by questionnaire. Enumerators deliver the ques-tionnaire to the surveyed establishments and come back later in themonth to collect it.

Master list 1994 INEGI industrial census.

Survey description The sample is mainly purposive (establishments are selected ac-cording to criteria on production value). For some classes of activ-ity where production turnover is too small, the sample is probabil-istic.

Sample precision Information is collected for 4 000 products in 6 884 establishments.

Non-response rate Around 10 % of the total production value.


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COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

Table A1.2

Monthly Survey on Commercial EstablishmentsEncuesta Mensual sobre Establecimientos Comerciales, EMEC




Geographical coverage 33 cities throughout the country.

Reporting units All commercial establishments.

Reporting method Data are collected by questionnaire which is completed during aninterview with the respondent.

Master list 1994 INEGI commercial census.

Survey description The sample is purposive (establishments are selected on the basisof turnover).

Sample size Information is collected in 10 160 commercial firms for 19 486establishments.

Non-response rate Around 4 % of the total sample size.


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URBAN EMPLOYMENT

Table A1.3

National Survey on Urban EmploymentEncuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano, ENEU


Periodicity of the survey Quarterly (a sub-sample is interviewed monthly).

Reference period Information on employment refers to the week before the inter-view.


Reporting units All households.

Reporting method Data are collected by questionnaire which is completed during aninterview with the respondent.

Master list 1990 INEGI population census.

Survey description The sample is stratified and probabilistic (in each stratum house-holds are selected at random).

Sample size Information is collected on about 94 000 households at nationallevel.

Non-response rate Around 15 % of the total sample size.


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Annex 2

Bank of Mexico surveys

Business sectorCost of construction

Producer pricesConsumer prices


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BUSINESS SECTOR

Table A2.1

Business survey - manufacturingEncuesta de coyuntura



Reference period The questionnaire requests data for the current month comparedwith the previous month.


Reporting units Manufacturing establishments with more than 10 employees.

Reporting method Data are collected by mail questionnaire.

Master list 1990 INEGI industrial census.

Survey description Establishments were selected according to their size in each region;regions are regarded as strata.

Sample size 1 145 were selected in the sample; however, in 1996 the question-naire was sent only to 969 establishments.

Non-response rate Around 38% of the total sample size.


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COST OF CONSTRUCTION

Table A2.2

Price survey1





Reporting units Enterprises engaged in construction activity.

Reporting method Prices are collected directly by enumerators.

Master list 1970 Population census.

Survey description Selection of the cities: within each region, cities were selectedaccording to their size (small, large). In all 23 cities were selected.

Sample precision 2 773 prices for 42 construction materials and 17 types of buildingtasks are collected in 280 enterprises.

1 Questionnaire not available.


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PRODUCER PRICES

Table A2.3

Price survey1





Reporting units Enterprises and producers’ associations or first dealers (for agricul-tural products).

Reporting method Prices are collected directly by enumerators.

Master list 1993-94 Bank of Mexico Enterprise Census.

Survey description − The 555 generic products were selected according to productionvalue. Specific items were then selected on the basis of salesvalue.

− Enterprises were selected according to sales criteria.

Sample size 12 000 prices are collected each month for 555 generic products.



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CONSUMER PRICES

Table A2.4

Price survey1


Periodicity of the survey Fortnightly.



Reporting units All retail outlets.

Reporting method Prices are collected directly by enumerators, except for rent, gas,and domestic services which are collected directly from house-holds.

Master list 1990 INEGI Population census.

Survey description − 313 generic products representative of the consumption of theMexican families were chosen according to the results of the1989 ENIGH survey. Specific items were then selected fromthe results of a national survey on Brands and Packaging.

− In each region cities were selected according to their size; in all46 cities were chosen.

− Retail outlets were selected according to their turnover.

Sample size 170 000 prices are collected each month in 14 000 outlets for 313generic products.


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