M

A

I

N

Militarism

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

• A Serbian Nationalist assassinated Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand.• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia• All alliances are drawn into the war

Allies/Triple Entente

• France

• Russia

• Great Britain

• Serbia

Central Powers/Triple Alliance

• Austria-Hungary

• Germany

• Ottoman Empire

• Italy switched sides to the Allies during the course of the war

• United States joined the allies in 1917 (could no longer remain neutral)

• Investments:

• American business loaned 2.25 billion dollars to the Allies

• Allies lose = loss of money

• U.S. also sold weapons to the Allies

• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare:

• Germans used u-boats to fight British blockade

• Many neutral ships were sunk by u-boats

• Cruise ship – the Lusitania – was sunk and 128 Americans died

• Zimmerman Telegram: (Feb 1917)

• Germany sent a note

to Mexico encouraging

them to join the Central

Powers

• Germany promised

them American territory

• U.S. intercepted telegram

United States Declares war in April 1917

• War was fought on four fronts

• Trench war was fought on the Western Front

• Many new weapons were developed such as machine guns and submarines

• Liberty Bonds:

• bonds sold to the public to finance the war – raised over $20 billion

• Economic Control:

• President Wilson created agencies to oversee domestic production

• production of all goods was managed by the government to aid war effort

• ways to preserve energy were also instituted (beginning of daylight savings)

• Enforcing Loyalty:

• fear of spies, specifically Germans – limited immigration

• rise of discrimination and nativism

• enacted policies to enforce loyalty (Espionage Act & Sedition Act) that violated First Amendment’s free speech

• Women and Minorities:

• war had limited labor pool by ending immigration and sending white males to the war

• job opportunities opened up for minorities, specifically African and Mexican Americans, and women

• Slowly Central Power nations begin to surrender to the Allies

• Germany surrenders on November 11, 1918

• Flu Epidemic Sweeps World

• estimated that half a million Americans died and 30 million people worldwide died in less than a year