major complications in pregnancy
TRANSCRIPT
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Major complications in pregnancy
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Miscarriages• Also known as spontaneus abortions• Expulsion of fetus before it reaches viabilty• pregnancy that ends on it's own, within the first 22 weeks of
gestation• Reasons
Hormonal problems, infections or maternal health problems Lifestyle (i.e. smoking, drug use, malnutrition, excessive caffeine and
exposure to radiation or toxic substances) Implantation of the egg into the uterine lining does not occur properly Maternal age Maternal trauma
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Types of abortionsThreatened abortions
early pregnancy uterine bleeding The cervix remains closed
Inevitable (Incomplete) abortionsAbdominal or back pain accompanied
by bleeding with an open cervixLeads to complete & incomplete abortions
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Complete abortionsembryo have emptied out of the uterus. Bleeding should subside quickly
Incomplete abortionsembryo have not emptied the uterus completely
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Missed abortions– experience a miscarriage without knowing it.– embryonic death has occurred – there is no expulsion of the embryo. – Signs would be a loss of pregnancy symptoms and
the absence of fetal heart sounds found on an ultrasound
Recurrent abortions Defined as 3 or more consecutive first trimester miscarriages
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Therapeutic Abortion– Intentional termination of pregnancy before age
of viability to preserve the health of the motherElective Abortion– Intentional termination of pregnancy for reasons
unrelated to mothers health
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• 95% occur in the fallopian tube• The zygote or embryo may die and be absorbed by
the body, or the tube could rupture (ruptured tubal pregnancy) with bleeding into the abdominal cavity.
• This is a surgical emergency
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• Increase of placental blood flow can be done– Rest–Maternal diet rich in protein– Correcting of anemia – Higher risk pregnancies such as multiple
gestations should be monitored very carefully
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False labour
• When a mother reaches her due date painless/ painful infrequent contractures
• Mother feels that she is close to labour• Cervix dilation does not occur• Contractions don't grow consistently longer,
stronger, and closer together.
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Pregnancy induced hypertension• Also known as pre eclampsia• After 30th week• Signs for monitor– Oedema present in ankle after a night rest / in
hands ad feet– Raised diastolic blood pressure (>90Hgmm)– proteinuria
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