major developments for the automotive industry for the next five years
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MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS. Luis Enrique Arimany. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STUDY. High growth in the Diesel sales. 2. Shrink of upper-medium segment. 3.Another market key points. Less manufacturers Platforms Modular cars Extended enterprise. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE AUTOMOTIVE
INDUSTRY FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS
Luis Enrique Arimany
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AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STUDY
1.High growth in the Diesel sales
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2. Shrink of upper-medium segment
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3.Another market key points
• Less manufacturers• Platforms• Modular cars• Extended enterprise
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3. Emissions legislation
• Euro III 2000• Euro IV 2005• Tier 2 2004-2007
Euro III: 1103
268D
Euro IV: 208
no D
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Important developments
• Common Rail• EGR• VGT• Lean burn • 3 litre car • Variable cam
timing / Camless
• Hybrid• Fuel Cells• NOx Traps• 42 volts• New fuels• Active suspension• SC, TC, ABS
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Common-rail
• No relation with speed• Independent control of :
– Injection pressure– timing – quantity
Better performance:• specfic output (40)• fuel consumption (30)• noise
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Common-rail (2)
• Pump• Common pressure
acumulator• Injectors/Solenoid• ECU
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3 litre car
• CO2 emmisions• Fuel economy. • How:
- Light weight- Friction reduction- Aerodynamic drag- Rolling resistance- Engine performance
• Lean burn• Hybrid cars• Small engine• TDI
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• Higher Thermal efficiency• Higher compression ratio
(12)• Higer volumetric efficiency
Lean burn / GDI
111 rTH
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GDI
• Stratified charge• Homogeneous charge
• Upright straigh intake• Spherical cavity in piston• High pressure pump (15)
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Hybrid cars• Drive 400 Km
between re-fuelling• Be refuelled quickly
and easily• Minimum
performance (small engine)
• Pollution
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Hybrid cars (2)
• Recover energy in the battery when braking• Shut of the engine when not need• Reduce emissions• E.g.: Honda Insight and Toyota Prius
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Fuel cells
Elements• Electrodes• Membrane• Electrolyte• CatalystsTypes:• By electrolyte
– Solid– Liquid
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Fuel cells
• By temperature:– Low temperature– High temperature
Advantages:– H2 is clean?– Better efficiency
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Variable cam timing
Compromise between power, torque and idle.
Some ideas:• Late IVC• Early EVO• Overlap: Early IVO & late
EVC
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Variable cam timing (2)
1. Infinitely valve timing
2. Operate outside cams
3. Operate middle cam (interconnected rockers)
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Variable cam timing (3) / Camless
• VTEC-E– Deactivates one valve– High swirl– Run lean (AFR=20)
• Camless– Solenoid – Control/ Maximum
performance– Instantaneous open
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VGT and EGR
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Any question?
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References
• Automotive Bosh hadbook• Automotive news• Autopista magazine• VCA• Internal combustion Engine fundamentals. J.b. Heywood.• Matthew Harrison. Cranfield Piston engine notes.• www.howstuffworks.com• htpp://asia.vtec.net• Articles from the data bases Science Direct and Proquest