major fibers & their properties
TRANSCRIPT
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Southeast University Southeast University Department Of Textile EngineeringDepartment Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka BangladeI/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh sh
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Submitted By
Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshirID: 201000040000813th Batch Wet Processing Technology Southeast University
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Cotton
Molecular Structure:
It composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units.
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Physical Properties:Luster: HighTenacity (strength):- Dry: 3.0-5.0 g/d Wet: 3.3-6.0 g/dResiliency: lowDensity: 1.54-1.56 g/cm³Moisture absorption: 15-25%Dimensional stability: Good
Chemical Properties:Resistance to acids: Damage, weaken fibersResistance to alkali: No harmful effectsResistance to organic solvents: High resistanceResistance to sunlight: Prolonged exposure weakens fibers
ShortsJackets pants. Carpets
Uses:
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Silk
Molecular Structure
It Fibrous keratin molecules supercoil to form a very stable, left-handed superhelical motif to multimerise, forming filaments consisting of multiple copies of the keratin monomer.
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Physical Properties:
Chemical Properties:
Uses:
Tenacity: Strong (linear, beta-configuration polymers)Reflect light: At many anglesMoisture regain: 11%. Elasticity: Moderate to poor:Linear density: 1 denier.
Effect of acids: Degraded more readily than woolEffect of alkalis : To swell silk filament . Effect of mineral acids: Resistance except for sulfuric acidEffect of sunlight: The environment is not as good
TiesFormal dressesHigh fashion clothesDress suits
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Wool
Molecular Structure
It has been estimated that wool contains more than170 different proteins. These are not uniformly distributed throughout the fiber; proteins of different structures are located in specific regions.
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Properties:
Uses:
Strength: Weakest.Elasticity: 25 to 30 percent Resilience: High Absorbency: About 20 percentColor/Luster: Dull greyIt is lightweight and versatile.Wool does not wrinkle easily.It is resistant to dirt and wear and tear.
SweatersDressesCoatsSuitsJacketsPantsblankets Carpets
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Acrylic
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units.
Polyacrylonitrile Acrylic copolymers
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Properties:
Uses:
Moisture regain: 1.5-2% at 65% Tenacity: dry state= 5 gpd wet state=4-8 gpd Breaking elongation: 15Elastic recovery: 85% after 4% extensionThermal stability: GoodResistance to mineral acids: Good Resistance to weak alkalies: Fairly good.Moths, Mildew and insects do not attack.
Knit JerseySweaterBlanketsWrinkle resistant fabrics.Pile and Fleece fabricsCarpets
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Aramid
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at least 85% of the amide imide linkages.
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Physical Properties:
Uses:
Thermal expansion: 2 -5 e-6/KThermal conductivity: 0.05 - 0.05 W/m.KSpecific heat: 1250 - 2900 J/kg.KDensity: 1390 - 1440 kg/m3
Friction coefficient: 0.4 - 0.5Water absorption: 3.5 - 6.5%Refraction index: 1.6 – 2
Mechanical Properties
Young's modulus: 58000 - 82000 MpaTensile strength: 2800 - 3400 MpaElongation: 3.3 - 3.7%Compressive strength: 174 - 410 MpaCreep strength: 2520 - 3060 MpaFatigue: 1750 - 2000 MpaYield strength: 2800 - 3400 MPa
Flame-resistant clothingHeat protective clothing and helmetsHot air filtration fabricsTires, newly as Sulfron (sulfur modified Twaron)Rubber goods reinforcement
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Dept. of Textile EngineeringSoutheast University
Sarker Md. Rafjan SaniID: 2010000400051
Batch: 13th –II
Introduce to myself
My selected topics is Chlorofiber &Elastodiene.
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Chlorofiber
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain more than 50% by mass of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride unites
Poly (Vinyl chloride)
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Properties:
Uses:
Long lasting antibacterial effectiveness Not wash out.An easy care product.comfort & coolnessHeat regulation & moisture transfer good.
BeddingChild care articlesUnderwearLingerieSocksHand knitting yarn
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Elastodiene
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one or more vinyl monomers
Natural polyisoprene
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Properties:
Uses:
Stretched: More than 500% without breakingStronger & more durable than rubberLightweight, soft, smoothIt comfort and fit, prevents bagging and saggingHeat-settableDye ableResistant to deterioration by body oils, perspirationAbrasion resistantAvailable in clear and opaque luster
Desired Hosiery SwimsuitsAerobic/exercise wear Ski pants Golf jackets Disposable diaper Waist bandsBra straps
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Melamine
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of at least 50% by mass of cross-linked macromolecules made up of melamine methylol polycondensate
Melamine
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Properties:
Uses:
Average Diameter: 15 µmAverage Denier: 2.4 g/9000mSpecific Gravity: 1.4Tensile Strength: 36 ksi Tenacity: 2.0 g/denModulus: 1.0-55 Msi g/denElongation at Break: 11%Moisture Regain (23°C, 65% RH): 5%Shrinkage at 200°C (1hr exposure): <1%Maximum Continuous Operating Temperature: 200°CMelting Temperature: Does not melt or dripResistance to Mildew, Aging, and Sunlight: ExcellentResistance to Solvents, Alkalis: Excellent
Mattresses, Home Furnishings / Nonwovens Specialty flame resistant papersFirefighting apparelElectrical papersTransmission / friction papersFiltration mediaEngineered materials / Short-fiber compositesAdhesives / Fillers
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Modacrylic
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 50% & less than 85% by mass of acrylonitrile
Acrylic copolymers
If X = H & Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or chloride)IF X = Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride )
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Physical Properties:
Uses:
Chemistry: 35% acrylonitrile / 65% vinylidene chlorideSize: 3 denier x 51mm cut length.Crimp Level: 3.8 crimps/cmMoisture: 3.5% (typical)
Strength: 2.6 cN/den (dry)Elongation: 28% (dry)
Mechanical Properties
Deep-pile coats Trims and linings Simulated fur Wigs Hair pieces Children's sleepwear Career apparel
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Dept. of Textile EngineeringSoutheast University
Tofayel AhmedID: 2010000400053
Batch: 13th –II
Introduce to myself
My selected topics is Polyamide (Nylon) & Polyester
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Polyamide (Nylon)Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring amide linkages, at least 85% of which are joined to aliphatic cyucloaliphatic units.
Polyhexamethylene adipamide (Nylon 6,6)
Polycaproamide (Nylon
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Properties:
Uses:
Moisture Absorption: 4.2-4.5%Specific Gravity: 1.14Resilience: Excellent.Abrasion Resistance: Excellent.Effects of Acids, Alkalis, and Solvents: Resistant to weak acids, but decomposes in strong mineral acids.Dye Methods: Acid; some solution dyed. Resistance to Mildew, Aging, Sunlight: Excellent resistance to mildew and aging. Prolonged sunlight can cause degradation.Color Retention: Very good.Stain Resistance: Poor (5th generation very good).Stains/Soils Attracted to Fiber: Acid dyes, except for 5th generation. Melt Point : Type6-435º F; Type6, 6-490º
Blouses DressesFoundation garments Underwear,Raincoats,Swimwear Cycle wear
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Polyester
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of a diol & terephthalic acid.
Poly(ethylene terephthalater
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Properties:
Uses:
Denier: 0.5 – 15Tenacity : dry 3.5 - 7.0 : wet 3.5 - 7.0Elongation at break : dry 15 - 45 : wet 15 45%Moisture Regain: 0.4Specific Gravity: 1.36 - 1.41% Elastic Recovery : @2% =98 : @5% = 65Melting point : 260 - 270 degree CEffect of Sunlight : turns yellow, retains 70 - 80 % tenacity at long exposureResistance to Weathering: goodRot Resistance: highAlkali Resistance: damaged by CON alkali Acid Resistance: excellent
Pants Shirts Tops Skirts Suits To manufacture high strength ropes Thread, hoses, Sails, Floppy disk liners Power belting
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Polyethylene
Molecular Structure
Polyethylene
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules of unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
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Physical Properties:
Uses:
State at 20ºC: flexibleTemperature-dependent form changes: insignificant from +5ºC bis +90ºCSpecific weight at 20ºC: approx. 0.92Shore hardness at 20ºC: approx. 90Tear strength at 20ºC: approx. 10 N/mm2 Elongation at break at 20ºC: approx. 500%Water absorption: traces
Chemical Properties:
Resistant against: Non-oxidizing alkalis, organic solvents excl. chlorinatedNon-resistant against: Oxidizing acids, oils, fats, chlorinated hydrocarbons
Medical implants. Cable and marine ropes. Sail cloth. Sports equipment. Fish netting.
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Polypropylene
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon units in which one carbon atom in two carries a methyl side group, generally an isotactic configuration & without further substitution.
Polypropylene
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Properties:
Uses:
Moisture Regain: < 0.1%Refractive Index: 1.49Thermal Conductivity: 0.95Btu-in/ft .hr.°FCoefficient of linear thermal expansion: 4.0x10 /°FHeat of fusion: 21 cal/gSpecific heat: 0.46 cal/g.cDensity of Melt at 180c: 0.769 g/ccHeat of Combustion: 19,400 Btu/lbDecomposition temperature range: 328-410CDielectric constant (0.1 MHz): 2.25Dissipation factor (0.1 MHz): < 0.0002Specific volume resistively: > 10 . Cm
Top sheet (coverstock) Acquisition and/or transport or distribution layer Absorbent core Backsheet Barrier leg cuffs Elastomeric materials Hot melt glues
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Vinylal
Molecular Structure
Linear macromolecules if poly (vinyl alcohol) with different levels of accetalization
Acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol)
When n>0
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Elastomultiester
Molecular Structure
Fiber formed by interaction of two or more chemically distinct linear macromolecules in two or more distinct phases (of which none exceeds 85% by mass) & half times its original length &released recovers rapidly & substantially to its initial length.
Example of physical arrangement:
Part A and B consist of different macromolecules with ester groups
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Elastolefin
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of at least 95% (by mass) of macromolecules partially cross-linked, made up from ethylene & at least one other olefin & which, when stretched to one & a half its original length & released, recovers rapidly & substantially to its original length.
Elastolefin
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Flurofiber
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers.
Polytetrafluorethylene
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Polyimide
Molecular Structure
Fiber of synthetic linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring imide units
Polyimide
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Polylactide
Molecular Structure
Fiber formed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% (by mass) of lactic acid ester unites derived from naturally occurring sugars & which has a melting temperature of at least 1350C
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Elastane
Molecular Structure
Fiber composed of at least 85% by mass of a segmented polyurethane & which, if stretched to three times its unscratched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unscratched length when the tension is removed.
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Thanks To All