UNIVERSITY OF MAKATICENTER OF HUMAN KINESTHETICS

Group 2: 1C-BPW Fernando, January Marie C.

Severino Jr. Sigua M. Alcober, Mariella S.

Bautista, Carina-Parungao, Karen Faith D.

-Caandoy, Roseann A.-Marcelo, Charles Andrew

-Cangayo, Mariel-Eugene Espidillon

Prof. Tessie Tapiador-SagadracaSocial Science Department

MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD:

(Christianity / Catholic / Protestant / Baptist / Born Again)

from the Ancient Greek word Χριστός, Christos, a translation of the Hebrew ח, חישחי Māšîă ,מ , meaning "the anointed one", together ḥwith the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas)

It is a religion based on the life and oral teachings of Jesus of

Nazareth as presented in the New Testament.

It is the world's largest religion.

Worldwide, the three largest groups of Christianity are the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the various denominations of Protestantism. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox patriarchates split from one another in the schism of the 11th century, and Protestantism came into existence during the Reformation of the 16th century, splitting from the Roman Catholic Church

CHRISTIANITY

They are about 2.4 billion Christians refer to Jesus as Christ or the Messiah.

A creed (also confession, symbol, or statement of faith) is a statement of the shared beliefs of a religious community in the form of a fixed formula summarizing core tenets.

The foundations of Christian theology are expressed in ecumenical creeds. These professions of faith state that Jesus suffered, died, was buried, and

was resurrected from the dead in order to grant eternal life to those who believe in him and trust in him for the remission of their sins.

CHRISTIANS

ECUMENICAL CREEDS

Apostles' Creed remains the most popular statement of the articles of Christian faith which

are generally acceptable to most Christian denominations that are creedal. It is widely used by a number of Christian denominations for

both liturgical and catechetical purposes.

Nicene Creed is a profession of faith widely used in Christian liturgy. is also part of the profession of faith required of those undertaking important

functions within the Catholic Church is sung or recited at the Divine Liturgy, immediately preceding the Anaphora

(Eucharistic Prayer), and is also recited daily at compline

4 Types of Ecumenical Creeds

Chalcedonian Definition was adopted in A.D. 451 at the Council of Chalcedon in Asia Minor. taught Christ "to be acknowledged in two natures, inconfusedly,

unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably": one divine and one human, and that both natures, while perfect in themselves, are nevertheless also perfectly united into one person

Athanasian Creed The Latin name of the creed, Quicunque vult, is taken from the

opening words, "Whosoever wishes". is a Christian statement of belief focused on Trinitarian doctrine and

Christology. The creed has been used by Christian churches since the sixth

century. It is the first creed in which the equality of the three persons of the Trinity is explicitly stated.

• Christians believe that the Ten Commandments have divine authority and continue to be valid, though they have different interpretations and uses of them.Through most of Christian history, the decalogue has been considered a summary of God's law and standard of behavior, and has been central to Christian life, piety, and worship

TEN COMMANDMENTS

• Christians believe that Jesus, as the Messiah, was anointed by God as savior of humanity, and hold that Jesus' coming was the fulfillment of messianic prophecies of the Old Testament.

• The core Christian belief is that through belief in and acceptance of the death and resurrection of Jesus, sinful humans can be reconciled to God and thereby are offered salvation and the promise of eternal life.

Jesus Christ

• The death and resurrection of Jesus are usually considered the most important events in Christian theology, partly because they demonstrate that Jesus has power over life and death and therefore has the authority and power to give people eternal life.

• Among Christian beliefs, the death and resurrection of Jesus are two core events on which much of Christian doctrine and theology is based. According to the New Testament Jesus was crucified, died a physical death, was buried within a tomb, and rose from the dead three days later.[Jn. 19:30–31] [Mk. 16:1] [16:6]

• The New Testament mentions several resurrection appearances of Jesus on different occasions to his twelve apostles and disciples, including "more than five hundred brethren at once",[1Cor 15:6] before Jesus' Ascension to heaven. Jesus' death and resurrection are commemorated by Christians in all worship services, with special emphasis during Holy Week which includes Good Friday and EasterSunday.

Death and resurrection

• Trinity refers to the teaching that the one God comprises three distinct, eternally co-existing persons; the Father, the Son (incarnate in Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. Together, these three persons are sometimes called the Godhead, although there is no single term in use in Scripture to denote the unified Godhead.

• In the words of the Athanasian Creed, an early statement of Christian belief, "the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God, and yet there are not three Gods but one God". They are distinct from another: the Father has no source, the Son is begotten of the Father, and the Spirit proceeds from the Father. Though distinct, the three persons cannot be divided from one another in being or in operation.

Trinitarians Trinitarianism denotes those Christians who believe in the concept of

the Trinity. Almost all Christian denominations and Churches hold Trinitarian beliefs

Non-trinitarians Nontrinitarianism refers to theology that rejects the doctrine of the Trinity.

Trinity

• From greek word katholikismos means "universal"• "Catholicism" and "Catholic" in this sense refer to the practices of

several Christian churches. This sense is to be distinguished from the use of these words to refer to the Catholic Church, that which is in full communion with the Holy See.

CATHOLICISM

Baptism7 SACRAMENTS

BAPTISMthe first sacrament of Christian initiation, the basis for all the other sacraments.As stated in the Nicene Creed, Baptism is "for the forgiveness of sins", not only personal sins, but also of original sin, which it remits even in infants who have committed no actual sins. Expressed positively, forgiveness of sins means bestowal of the sanctifying grace by which the baptized person shares the life of God

CONFIRMATIONthe second sacrament of Christian initiation, the means by which the gift of the Holy Spirit conferred in baptism is "strengthened and deepened"

EUCHARISTthe third of sacrament of Christian initiation by which the faithful receive their ultimate "daily bread", or "bread for the journey", by partaking of and in the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ and being participants in Christ's one eternal sacrifice. The bread and wine used in the rite are, according to Catholic faith, in the mystical action of the Holy Spirit, transformed to be Christ's Body and Blood His Real Presence.

PENANCE(also called Confession and Reconciliation) - the first of the two sacraments of healing. It is also called the sacrament of conversion, of forgiveness, and of absolution. It is the sacrament of spiritual healing of a baptized person from the distancing from God involved in actual sins committed

Anointing of the Sick (or Unction)the second sacrament of healing. In it those who are suffering an illness are anointed by a priest with oil. It was then conferred only as one of the "Last Rites". (if the dying person is physically unable to confess, at least absolution, conditional on the existence of contrition, is given), and the Eucharist.

HOLY ORDERSthe sacrament which integrates someone into the Holy Orders of bishops, priests (presbyters), and deacons, the threefold order of "administrators of the mysteries of God" (1 Corinthians 4:1), giving the person the mission to teach, sanctify, and govern. Only a bishop may administer this sacrament, as only a bishop holds the fullness of the Apostolic Ministry.

Holy Matrimony (or Marriage)is the sacrament of joining a man and a woman (according to the churches' doctrines) for mutual help and love (the unitive purpose), consecrating them for their particular mission of building up the Church and the world, and providing grace for accomplishing that mission.

Protestantism is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.

It is one of the major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.

Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent from Protestantism.

All the many Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding Christ's presence in the Eucharist.

PROTESTANTISM

Scripture alone The belief in the Bible as the supreme source of authority for the church. The early

churches of the Reformation believed in a critical, yet serious, reading of scripture and holding the Bible as a source of authority higher than that of church tradition. The reformers rejected some of the traditions of the Western Church because they did not find justification for them in the Bible.

Justification by faith alone The belief that believers are justified, or pardoned for sin, solely on condition of faith

in Christ rather than a combination of faith and good works. For Protestants, good works are a necessary consequence rather than cause of justification.

Universal priesthood of believers The universal priesthood of believers implies the right and duty of the Christian laity not

only to read the Bible in the vernacular, but also to take part in the government and all the public affairs of the Church. It is opposed to the hierarchical system which puts the essence and authority of the Church in an exclusive priesthood, and makes ordained priests the necessary mediators between God and the people.

Theology:3 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

The Five solae are five Latin phrases (or slogans) that emerged

during the Protestant Reformation and summarize the reformers'

basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching

of the Catholic Church of the day. The Latin word sola means

"alone", "only", or "single".

Five solae

Solus Christus: Christ alone.The Protestants characterize the dogma concerning the Pope as Christ's representative head of the Church on earth, the concept of works made meritorious by Christ, and the Catholic idea of a treasury of the merits of Christ and his saints, as a denial that Christ is the only mediator between God and man. Catholics, on the other hand, maintained the traditional understanding of Judaism on these questions, and appealed to the universal consensus of Christian tradition.

Sola Gratia: Grace alone.Protestants perceived Roman Catholic salvation to be dependent upon the grace of God and the merits of one's own works. The reformers posited that salvation is a gift of God (i.e., God's act of free grace), dispensed by the Holy Spirit owing to the redemptive work of Jesus Christ alone. Consequently, they argued that a sinner is not accepted by God on account of the change wrought in the believer by God's grace, and that the believer is accepted without regard for the merit of his works, for no one deservessalvation.[Matt. 7:21]

Soli Deo Gloria: Glory to God alone

All glory is due to God alone since salvation is accomplished solely through his will and action — not only the gift of the all-sufficient atonement of Jesus on the cross but also the gift of faith in that atonement, created in the heart of the believer by the Holy Spirit. The reformers believed that human beings — even saints canonized by the Catholic Church, the popes, and the ecclesiastical hierarchy — are not worthy of the glory

Sola fide (by faith alone)

states that faith in Christ is sufficient alone for eternal salvation. Though arguedfrom scripture, and hence logically consequent to sola scriptura, this is the guiding principle of the work of Luther and the later reformers. Because sola scriptura placed the Bible as the only source of teaching, sola fide epitomises the main thrust of the teaching the reformers wanted to get back to, namely the direct, close, personal connection between Christ and the believer, hence the reformers' contention that their work was Christocentric.

Sola scriptura (by scripture alone).

This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity).

WHO ARE THE BAPTIST?

• In the Christian religion, the Baptists are one of the largest Christian denominations. As indicated by their name, the primary Baptist distinctive is their practice of believer's baptism and corresponding rejection of infant baptism. Most Baptists are evangelical in doctrine, but Baptist beliefs can vary due to the congregational governance system that gives autonomy to individual local Baptist churches.

• At the turn of the 21st century, there were about 43 million Baptists worldwide with about 33 million of those in the United States and 216,000 in Britain. There are over 850,000 Baptists in South America and 230,000 in Central America and the Caribbean.

BAPTIST

• Baptist churches tend to be evangelical in doctrine and Reformed in worship. However, Baptist churches do not have a central governing authority, so a wide range of beliefs can be seen between one Baptist church and another. Some Baptist churches use the following acronym as a summary of the common distinctives of Baptists:

Biblical authorityAutonomy of the local churchPriesthood of the believerTwo ordinances (Believer's Baptism and Communion) I ndividual soul libertySeparation of Church and StateTwo offices of the church (Pastor and Deacon)

• Believer's baptism is an ordinance performed after a person professes Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior and is symbolic of the cleansing or remission of their sins. In the Baptist denomination, baptism plays no role in salvation; it is rather an outward expression of the inward change that has already taken place. Baptists emphasize baptism by full immersion, which follows the method used by John the Baptist. This usually consists of lowering the candidate in water backwards, while a pastor recites the Trinitarian formula of Matthew 28:19.

• This mode of baptism is also preferred for its parallel imagery to the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. A few Baptist churches allow for baptism by sprinkling as an alternative method for the disabled or elderly, and most Baptist churches will recognize adult baptisms performed in other mainstream Christian churches. Baptism is seen as a public identification of the person with Christianity and that particular church and is often used as a criterion for membership in Baptist churches.

• Most Anabaptist churches, Pentecostal churches, Restorationist churches, and non-denominational churches share this understanding of baptism.

Believer's Baptism

• Many conservative Baptists oppose gambling, alcohol, tobacco, and some prohibit dancing and movies. Especially in areas where Southern Baptists form a majority of the population, the denomination has been successful in imposing its values on the general population – "dry counties" in the South or the ban on music and dancing in the film Footloose) are examples.

Baptist Lifestyle

• Authority of the Scriptures or sola scriptura states that the Bible is the only authoritative source of God's truth and any view that cannot be directly tied to a scriptural reference is generally considered to be based on human traditions rather than God's leading. Each person is responsible before God for his or her own understanding of the bible and is encouraged to work out their own salvation with fear and trembling.

Biblical Authority

In some Christian denominations (especially Evangelical), to be born again is to undergo a "spiritual rebirth" (regeneration) of the human spirit from the Holy Spirit, contrasted with the physical birth everyone experiences. The origin of the term "born again" is the New Testament: "Jesus replied, 'Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of Godwithout being born again.'"[Jn 3:3 NIV]. It is a term associated with salvation in mainstream Christianity, usually meaning simply the baptism. Individuals who profess to be born again often state that they have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.

Born Again

According to Melton:

Born again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they have been taught as Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.

According to Purves and Partee,

"Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgemental, making a distinction between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the division between Catholic and Protestant Christians." Furthermore, the term "usually includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine election by grace alone"

The Oxford English Dictionary, finding examples going

back to 1961, defines the adjective "born-again" as:

• Of, pertaining to, or characterized by (an experience of) new birth in Christ or spiritual renewal; of a Christian: placing special emphasis on this experience as a basis for all one's actions, evangelical.

• Many historic church denominations understood being "born again" as a spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the water and the word. This understanding persists in Roman Catholicism, in some parts of Anglicanism, In Lutheranism and inEastern Orthodoxy. However, beginning sometime after the Reformation, Evangelical Protestants have predominantly understood beingborn again as an experience of conversion, symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one's own personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same belief is also an integral part of Methodist doctrine, and is connected with the doctrine ofJustification.

History & Usage

References:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptists

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again_%28Christianity%29