major variety and production technology of potato
TRANSCRIPT
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Major Potato Varieties and Major Potato Varieties and their Production Technologiestheir Production Technologies
Dr. Kamal Humayun Kabir Director, TCRC, BARI
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Potato is the third major crop after rice and wheat in Bangladesh.
Total area is 0.472 million ha and total production is 8.5 million tons (approx) in 2009-10
The average yield is 18.00 tons/ha
The per capita availability of potato is 56.0 kg per annum
Bangladesh is 14th among the world potato producers and 3rd largest in Asia.
PRESENT STATUS OF POTATOPRESENT STATUS OF POTATO
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Potato Area in Bangladesh
0.248 0.237
0.3180.367
0.4030.373 0.377
0.52
0.464 0.472
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Cropping year
Are
a (M
ha)
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Potato Production in Bangladesh
3.21 2.99
4.35
5.315.95
5.38 5.4
9.2
6.746
8.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Cropping Year
Pro
duct
ion
(M to
n)
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Yield of Potato
12.94 12.6213.68 14.47 14.76 14.42 14.32 15 14.53
18
02468
101214161820
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Cropping year
Yie
ld (t
/ha)
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Major cultivated varieties are Diamant, Cardinal, Granola, Asterix, Patrones etc.
Patrones and Multa are early variety.
Granola and Provento are export variety.
Asterix, Espirit and Lady Rosseta are processing variety.
Meridian, Sagitta and Quincy are new variety.
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Diamant (BARI Alu- 7)Most popular varietyTuber: White, oval, medium to large, smooth skin, light
yellow fleshYield: 25-35 t/haDuration of maturity: 90-95 daysRelease year: 1993
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Cardinal (BARI Alu- 8)
Tuber: Red, oval, skin smooth.
Yield: 25-30 t/ha
Duration of maturity: 90-95 days
Release year : 1993
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Granola (BARI Alu- 13)Tuber: Whitish, oval to round, medium, light yellow flesh, skin
smooth Yield: 25-30 t/haDuration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for export Release year : 1994
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Asterix (BARI Alu- 25)Tuber: Red, oval to oblong, medium to large size, smooth
skin , pale yellow flesh Yield: 25-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing Release year : 2005
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Espirit (BARI Alu- 27)
Tuber: Medium to large, white, round to oval shape Yield: 20-30 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing purposeRelease year : 2008
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Lady Rossetta (BARI Alu- 28) Tuber: Large size, oval shaped, white tubers. Yield: 25-30 t/haDuration of maturity: 90-95 days Suitable for processing purposeRelease year : 2008
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Courage (BARI Alu- 29)
Tuber: Medium size, round shape, red tubers.
Yield: 25-30 t/ha
Duration of maturity: 90-95 days
Release year : 2008
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Recently released variety
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Meridian (BARI Alu- 30)
Tuber: White medium size tuber with oval shape. Yield: 25-30 t/ha, Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2009
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Sagitta (BARI Alu- 31)
Tuber: White medium to large size tuber with oval shape,
Yield: 25-35 t/ha
Duration of maturity: 90-95 days
Release year : 2010
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Quincy (BARI Alu- 32)
Tuber: Oval to long oval tuber shapeYield: 25-35 t/ha Duration of maturity: 90-95 days Release year : 2010
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Production technology Production technology of Potatoof Potato
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Deep well drained sandy loamy soil is the best soil for potato cultivation.
Soil should be free from stones and clods for avoiding deformation of tubers.
Prepare the land to a good tilth by 3-4 ploughing and leveling.
Soil should be free from weed.
Land should be plained.
Land Type and PreparationLand Type and Preparation
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Seed should be taken out from the cold store 10-15 days before planting and kept in pre-cooling chamber for 24 hours.
Spread in cool and shady places for sprout.
Pre-sprouting of Seed TubersPre-sprouting of Seed Tubers
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Seed Source: BADC and BARI
Seed rate: 1.5-2.0 ton/ha
Seed Preparation
Whole tuber should be planted for seed potato.
Large tuber can be cut into pieces. Each cut tuber should contain at least two eyes.
To avoid transmitting viral and bacterial diseases clean knife should be used.
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Fig. Ideal Cut tuber
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Wrong cut tuber
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Planting
Potato can be planted in the Whole month of November. Appropriate time is 15-20 November.
Planting distance
Whole tuber Cut tuberLine to line = 60 cm Line to line = 60 cmPlant to plant = 25 cm Plant to plant = 10-15 cm
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Methods of sowing Methods of sowing
Ridge and furrow methodRidge and furrow method
Prepared ridge. Prepared ridge.
The length of the ridges depends on slope of the plot. The length of the ridges depends on slope of the plot.
Too long ridges and furrows are not suitable for Too long ridges and furrows are not suitable for irrigation irrigation
The potato tubers should be planted on ridges and The potato tubers should be planted on ridges and irrigation should be provided in furrows.irrigation should be provided in furrows.
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Placement of tubers in furrow Placement of tubers in furrow
25cm25cm
60cm60cm
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Covering seed potatoes with soilCovering seed potatoes with soil
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Fertilizer application in furrowsFertilizer application in furrows
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Making ridgesMaking ridges
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Manures and fertilizersManures and fertilizers
Manures and fertilizers
Amount
Per decimal Per hectare
Farmyard manure 40 kg 10 ton
Urea 1.5 kg 325 kg
TSP 900 gm 220 kg
MP 1 kg 250 kg
Boric Acid 25 gm 6 kg
Zinc Sulphate 50 gm 14 kg
Gypsum 500 gm 120 kg
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Manures and fertilizersManures and fertilizers
Before planting, farmyard manure is incorporated in soil.
Half of N, full P an K are to be applied as basal dose before
planting tubers. Remaining N is applied at the time of earthing up after 30-Remaining N is applied at the time of earthing up after 30-
35 DAP.35 DAP.
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Intercultural operation Intercultural operation
IrrigationThe sufficient soil moisture is needed for satisfactory sprouting. Irrigation should be provided as and when necessary (Max- 3-4)
Earthing upEarthing up should be done when the plants are 15 to 22 cm in height. Generally, earthing up is done at the time of top dressing of nitrogenous fertilizers.If necessary, a second earthing up may be done after two weeks of the first one.
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Earthing upEarthing up
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Roughing
Off type plants should be removed as soon as they are observed.
In addition to off type plants, remove plants affected by blight, leaf roll and mosaic diseases from the seed field.
Haulm Pulling
For the seed potato production, the haulms should be pulled about 10 days before harvesting so that the tuber skin matures and prevents the tubers from getting injured at harvesting and grading.
Halums may be pulled manually as close to the ground as possible.
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Ideal haulm pullingIdeal haulm pulling
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Wrong haulm pullingWrong haulm pulling
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Harvesting can be done either manually or mechanically.
Within 65-70 DAP for early consumption/sale.
Within 85-90 DAP for seed purposes.
Within 85-95 DAP for long time storage.
Harvesting
Yield
25-35 ton/ha
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After harvesting, tubers should be kept in heaps in a cool place for 10-15 days for drying and curing of skin.
Cut, damaged and rotten tubers should be discarded and good tubers be graded into three sizes such as small (< 28 cm dia), Medium (28-55 cm dia) and large (> 55 cm dia).
Potatoes for seed purpose should be sprayed with 3 % boric acid (1 L water + 30 gm boric acid) covering whole tuber. There should be no excess spray water under the heap.
Curing and StorageCuring and Storage
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Drying in ambient temperature for as long as need (6-12 hrs) for preventing seed borne diseases like black scurf, common scab etc. before storing in bags.
Treated tuber should be dried in shade. Seed Potatoes are packed in gunny bags of 50-80 kg.
Storing in cold storage at 2-40 C
Curing and StorageCuring and Storage
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Seed Treatment with Boric AcidSeed Treatment with Boric Acid
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Major Insects PestsMajor Insects Pests
Insects Control Measures
Cut worm Spray Chlorpyrifos (Dursban 20 EC) @ 2ml/L of water
Aphids Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.
Potato tuber moth Spray Carbosulfun (Marshal 20 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.
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Cut wormCut worm Cut worm pupaCut worm pupa
Cut worm mothCut worm moth Cut worm infested tuberCut worm infested tuber
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Aphids infested leaf of potato
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Potato tuber moth Potato tuber moth
Potato tuber moth infested tuberPotato tuber moth infested tuber
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Diseases Control Measures
Late blight of potato
Spray with Mancozeb (Diathane M-45) @ 2g/L of water or Mancozeb+Metalaxyl (Ridomeal gold 72 WP) @ 1g/L of water
Common Scab Treat the seed with 3% boric acid before storing.
Bacterial wilt Uprooting of infected plants and stop irrigation. Apply staple bleaching @ 20-25 kg/ha
Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV)
Uprooting of infected plants. Spray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water to control aphids.
PVY and PVX Uprooting of infected plantsSpray Malathion (Maladan 57 EC) @ 2 ml/L water.
Major DiseasesMajor Diseases
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Late Blight infected potato fieldLate Blight infected potato field
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Different stages of Late Blight infection at field level
Late Blight Symptoms
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Common scab infected tuberCommon scab infected tuber
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PLRV infected plantPLRV infected plant
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PVY infected plantPVY infected plant
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Plant disease free seed tubers within 15 NovemberPlant whole tuberSoil should have sufficient moisture up to 30-35 DAPPlacement of barrier crops to prevent virus dissemination.Roughing regularlyApply insecticide and fungicide as and when necessaryHaulm pulling after 75-80 DAPHarvest at 85-90 DAPTreat with 3 % boric acid before storagePreserve seed potato in cold storage
Procedures of Quality Seed Potato Production using seed plot technique
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