making a difference: research informing policy...
TRANSCRIPT
University of California, Berkeley
Making a Difference: Research Informing Policy
ChangeFarm and Food Policy and Obesity
Symposium
University of California DavisMay 21, 2010
Gail Woodward-Lopez Patricia Crawford
Robert C. and Veronica AtkinsCenter for Weight and Health
University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Linking researchers and the communityto prevent childhood obesity
Research & Evaluation Community Action
University of California, Berkeley
Pupil Nutrition, Health and Achievement Act of 2001
(SB 19) First legislated nutrition standards for
competitive foods in schools
Signed but never went into effect
New bills being considered: main concern financial
LEAF pilot study: evaluate SB 19 in secondary schools
University of California, Berkeley
Middle School 2: Food Service Revenues Per Capita, Per Day
$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
Sep-0
2
Oct-02
Nov-0
2
Dec-0
2
Jan-0
3
Feb-0
3
Mar-03
Apr-03
May-03
Jun-0
3
Jul-0
3
Aug-0
3
Sep-0
3
Oct-03
Nov-0
3
Dec-0
3
Jan-0
4
Feb-0
4
Mar-04
Apr-04
May-04
Jun-0
4
$ P
er C
apita
, Per
Day
Total Revenue A La Carte Revenue Meal Revenue
Farm field trips SB-19 compliance,
garden/cooking
International Marketplace, a la carte food eliminated, daily salad bar
LEAF Evaluation
University of California, Berkeley
SB 12/965 Signed into law at the Governor’s Summit on obesity in 2005
University of California, Berkeley
Success! Sodas and most candy no longer for sale at
schools
Spread across the country
Was the basis for the IOM standards requested by USDA
Fueled the movement toward healthier school foods
University of California, Berkeley
But…………..
University of California, Berkeley
Few years later……………..Positive but modest impact on student
intake
University of California, Berkeley
Many unhealthy foods still offered
University of California, Berkeley
Top 10 Foods Sold Pre / Post Implementation of SB 12
Pre Implementation Foods Post Implementation FoodsBaked! Cheetos Crunchy Flamin' Hot Nature Valley Crunchy Oats ‘N Honey Granola Bar Baked! Ruffles - Cheddar & Sour CreamRold Gold - Classic Style - Tiny Twists PretzelsLay's Baked! Sour Cream & OnionKellogg's Pop Tarts - Strawberry FrostedSunchips French OnionPepperidge Farm Goldfish CheddarKellogg's Pop Tarts - Brown Sugar Cinnamon FrostedCorn Nuts – Ranch
Baked! Cheetos Crunchy Flamin' Hot Sunshine - Cheez-it Reduced Fat CrackersBaked! Lay's – Sour Cream & OnionBaked! Ruffles – Cheddar & Sour CreamCorn Nuts – BarbequeCorn Nuts – RanchGeneral Mills Chex Mix – TraditionalBaked! Lay's – BarbecueRold Gold - Classic Style - Tiny Twists PretzelsNature Valley Crunchy Oats 'N Honey Granola Bar
*Items in red do not adhere to SB12 standards.
University of California, Berkeley
Top 10 Beverages Sold Pre / Post Implementation of SB 965
Pre Implementation Beverages
Post Implementation Beverages
Aquafina Water Aquafina Water
Dasani Water Gatorade - Fruit Punch
Gatorade - Fruit Punch Dasani Water
Gatorade - Lemon-lime Gatorade - Lemon-lime
Powerade -Mountain Blast Gatorade – Orange
Powerade - Fruit Punch Powerade - Mountain Blast
Gatorade - Cool Blue Powerade - Fruit Punch
Gatorade - Orange Gatorade - Cool Blue
Dole 100% Apple Juice Gatorade Frost - Glacier Freeze
Gatorade Frost - Glacier Freeze Dole 100% Orange Juice
*The top 10 beverages adhered to SB 965 pre and post implementation.
University of California, Berkeley
Almost half of entrees are fast food
Salad Entrees10.1%
Fast Food Classics
46.8%Sandwiches
16.2%
Mexican12.9%
Asian4.5%
Other Hot Entrees
4.5%
Dairy2.0% Other
3.1%
University of California, Berkeley
Good start butneed to look at the bigger picture
University of California, Berkeley
67-82% and 61-44% selected whole wheat during immediately after intervention and at follow-up
Classroom Education Component
Cafeteria Promotions Component
Whole Wheat Poster Displayin the school cafeteria
Four lessons of 20 minutes each
3 Components:Outline and Instructional SheetClassroom Poster/Student HandoutIn-class taste-test of whole wheat products
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Food dollars spent onfoods outside the home
Ref: Nat’l Rest Assn: Industry at a Glance 2006
26%
48%
0%
20%
40%
60%
19702006 Year
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Which of the following breakfast items that are served at Denny's restaurant do you think has the fewest calories:
A. Ham and cheddar omelet
B. Country fried steak & eggs
C. Three slices of French toast w/ syrup & margarine
D. Three pancakes w/ syrup & margarine
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Which of the following breakfast items that are served at Denny's restaurant do you think has the fewest calories:
A. Ham and cheddar omelet 595
B. Country fried steak & eggs 464
C. Three slices of French toast w/ syrup & margarine 1000D. Three pancakes w/ syrup & margarine 650
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Which of the following items that are served at McDonald's restaurant do you think has the most calories:
A. Two Big Macs
B. Two Egg McMuffins
C. One large chocolate shake
D. Four regular hamburgers
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Which of the following items that are served at McDonald's restaurant do you think has the most calories:
A. Two Big Macs 1080
B. Two Egg McMuffins 600
C. One large chocolate shake 1160
D. Four regular hamburgers 1000
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, BerkeleyHaagen-Dazs’ Model Menu Board
Restaurant Intervention
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
SB1420 introduced by Senator Padilla in 2007
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
40 million pounds annually!
Estimated impact of calorie labeling for all Californians
(based on 80% noticing it and 82% eating at fast food
restaurants)
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Governor signed bill SB1420-Sept. 30, 2008
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
But………….. Findings have been mixed
Impact on purchases has been modest; but can still have a large impact on annual calorie intake
Consumers may be confused by healthy options that have more calories than less healthy options
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Net increase of healthy purchases using electronic cash register data
Menu Boards vs. ControlEntrees NSSide dish 9.6 %***Snack items 6.8% **
*** p<.001** p<.01
Could prevent the gain of 4-8 lbs per year
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
The biggest impacts came not from the labels but from
Starbuck’s change in default milk offered
Subway’s $5 footlong
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Biggest impacts will come from policies that don’t require much consumer decision-making or sacrifice:
Price
Product formulations (virtuous cycle)
Optimal defaults
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Concerns regarding pre-emption
Health Care reform includes a national menu labeling requirement
center foreight &
ealthhDr. Robert C. and Veronica Atkins
University of California, Berkeley
Visit our websiteat
cwh.berkeley.edu
Dr. Robert C. & Veronica AtkinsCenter for Weight and Health
Research Informing Action Now
University of California, Berkeley
Visit our website at www.cnr.berkeley.edu/cwh