making models of atoms and molecules
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Making Models of Atoms and Molecules. 1) Has anyone ever really SEEN an atom?. Not with the naked eye, of course!. How do we know they exist?. Fancy machines like this scanning tunneling microscope allow us to see evidence of their existence . 2) Why are models helpful?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Making Models of Atoms and Molecules
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1) Has anyone ever really SEEN an atom?Not with the naked eye, of course!
Fancy machines like this scanning tunneling microscope allow us to see evidence of their existence.
How do we know they exist?
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2) Why are models helpful?
They help us visualize things we can’t see.
Some models show us very small things (like atoms) up close while other models help us see very
BIG things (like the solar system) all at one time.
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3) How many different subatomic particles does an atom have?
Three: proton (+) neutron (0) electron (-)
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4) Where are these subatomic particles located in the atom?
proton - in the nucleusneutron - in the nucleus next to the protonselectron - speeding around in the electron cloud
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5) Which of the subatomic particles (if any) move about?
The electrons!
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6) How can we use the periodic table to determine the number of protons in an atom?
• The number of protons = the atomic number.
• Every different type of atom (element) has a different atomic number.
• You can think of this as its personal ID number.
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7) How can we use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons in an atom?
Number of electrons = number of protons
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8) How can we use the periodic table to determine the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass – number of protons = number of neutrons
95.94 ~ 96 (round off)
96-42 = 54 neutrons
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Let’s begin!
• Protons – yellow peas
• Neutrons – brown peas
• Electrons – sprinkles
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Fill out your card and get it checked before you glue any parts.
Name & Symbol of atom: _______________________________ ______
Atomic number: _________ Atomic mass (rounded off): ________
# of protons: __________ # of neutrons: ___________
# of electrons: __________ # of valence electrons: _________
Electron Configuration: ________________________________________
Student Name: ______________________________________________
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What will our atoms look like?
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What will our molecules look like?
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We will be counting the atoms and the different elements in each molecule. The next slide will show you how to add the information to each box.
Name of molecule: _____________________
Formula: _____________________________
# of Atoms=____# of Elements=____Compound? Yes or No? (See the next slide)
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We will be counting the atoms and the different elements in each molecule. Add this info to each card as shown in red below.
Name of molecule: _____________________
Formula: _____________________________
A=____E=____C- _______
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waterH2O
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carbon dioxideCO2
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oxygenO2
O O
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ethanolC2H6O
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nitrogenN2
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nitric acidHNO3
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ozoneO3 O
O
O
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chlorine dioxideClO2
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hydrogen peroxideH2O2
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ammoniaNH3
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hydrogenH2
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fluorine
F2 FF
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methaneCH4
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nitroglycerinC3H5N3O9
Can you pick out the atoms?
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oil of spearmintC10H14O
Can you pick out the atoms?
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glucoseC6H12O6
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sucroseC12H22O11
Each white sphere represents a hydrogen atom (black = carbon, red = oxygen)
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The following are ionic compounds and they are not considered molecules (which have covalent bonds.)
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magnesium fluoride
MgF2
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baking sodaNaHCO3
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potassium nitrate
KNO3
K
N
O
O
O
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potassium chloride KCl
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rustFe2O3
yields
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saltNaCl
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sodium hydroxideNaOH