making sense of all the post emergent herbicide options in turf
DESCRIPTION
A presentation by Brian MacDonald - Making sense of all the Choices -- Review the “standard” 3 – way mixes -- Look at “new kids” on the block -- Review “alternative” herbicide mixes - Review the common weeds and match the herbicides to the weeds. - Maximizing weed kill – other factors. - Go through a few scenarios.TRANSCRIPT
Making Sense of All the Post Emergent Herbicide Options in Turf
Brian McDonald
OSU Horticulture
Dec 17, 2013
Turf Herbicides are Like Cereals – more choices than you need.
PBI Gordon Has 8 “Trimec’s”!
1. Super Trimec
2. Trimec 1000
3. Trimec 992
4. Trimec – Bentgrass Formula
5. Trimec Classic
6. Trimec LAF – 637
7. Trimec Plus
8. Trimec Southern
NuFarm Has Even More Choices!
1. 4-Speed (Pyraflufen + 2,4-D, MCPP, Dicamba)
2. 4-Speed XT (Pyraflufen + 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Dicamba)
3. Cool Power (Ester Triclopyr, MCPA, Dicamba)
4. Escalade 2 (2,4-D, Fluroxypyr, & Dicamba)
5. Horsepower (MCPA, Triclopyr, and Dicamba)
6. Quincept (2,4-D, Drive, & Dicamba)
7. (3) different “Triplet”s (Low odor, Sensitive & SF)
8. Change Up (MCPA, fluroxypyr, dicamba)
9. Elliptical (2,4-D, Fluroxypyr, & Dicamba)
10.Millennium Ultra 2 (2,4-D, Clopyralid, & Dicamba)
How do we make sense out of all of these?
Overview
1. Making sense of all the Choices a. Review the “standard” 3 – way mixes
b. Look at “newer kids” on the block
c. Review “alternative” herbicide mixes
2. Review the common weeds and match the herbicides to the weeds.
3. Maximizing weed kill – other factors.
4. Go through a few scenarios.
Common Broadleaf Chemicals
Chemical Common formulations 2,4-D Amine salt Ester 2,4-DP Amine salt EsterMCPA Amine salt EsterMCPP Amine saltDicamba Amine salt Triclopyr Amine salt EsterClopyralid Amine saltQuinclorac Amine salt
“New Kids on the Block”
Chemical Common formulations Fluroxypyr (Spotlight/Escalade 2) Ester
Carfentrazone (Quicksilver/SpeedZone/ PowerZone)Sulfentrazone (in Q4)Pyraflufen (in 4-Speed + 2,4-D, MCPP, Dicamba)Pyraflufen (in 4-Speed XT + 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Dicamba)
Penoxulam (Sapphire)Florasulam (Defendor)
Tenacity (Mesotrione) – Post/Pre emergent
My Classifications
1.“Standard” 3-way Mixes
2.Non 2,4-D 3-way Mixes
3.Safety 3–Way Mixes
4.Specialty 3-Way Mixes
“Standard” Mixtures
2,4-D + MCPP + Dicamba
Amine formulations:
Trimec Classic Mec Amine-D Triplet Low Odor
Standard 3-Way Mixeslbs of ae per acre at 4 pts/Acre
Herbicide Signal Word 2,4-D MCPP DicambaMec Amine-D Danger 1.22 0.33 0.11 Trimec 1000 Warning 1.19 0.33 0.11 Trimec 992 Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11 Triplet - Low Odor Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11 Triplet - Selective Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11 Triplet SF Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11 Lesco Three-Way Danger 1.19 0.32 0.11 Trimec Classic Danger 0.99 0.27 0.11
They are all the same thing!
Standard 3-Way Mixes“Non 2,4-D Mixes”
High Rate lbs of ae per acre at 4
pts/Acre
Signal Word Form. Pts./Acre gal/acre MCPA MCPP Dicamba
Trimec Encore Danger DMA Salt 4.00 0.50 1.49 0.32 0.15
Tri-Power Danger DMA Salt 4.10 0.51 1.59 0.31 0.15
If you are banned from using 2,4-D, substitute MCPA. Your weed control will be the same.
Standard 3-Way Mixes“Safety Mixes”
Signal Rate lbs of ae per acre at 4 pts/Acre
Herbicide Word Pints/Acre 2,4-D MCPP Dicamba
Trimec LAF 637 Danger 3.7 1.52 0.25 0.06
Trimec - Bentgrass Warning 6 0.53 0.33 0.14
Triplet - Sensitive Danger 4 0.41 0.72 0.18
Low rate of dicamba for tree safety
Low rate of 2,4-D for sensitive grass safety (e.g. bentgrass)
Standard 3-Way Mixes“Specialty Mix”
High Rate lbs of ae per acre
Signal Word Pts./Acre gal/acre 2,4-D 2,4-DP MCPP Dicamba
Super Trimec* Warning 3.0 0.4 0.7* 0.4* 0.0 0.2
Triamine Danger 4.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0
* EsterDoubles the rate of dicamba for vs. standard 3 – way mix, but no MCPP.
These both add 2,4-DP, a sister compound of 2,4-D which has no effect on weed control.
Getting rid of the MCPP and using an ester formulation lowers the signal word because esters don’t cause irreversible eye damage
2,4-D (or 2,4-DP) + MCPP + DicambaMCPA + MCPP + Dicamba
Good Control:Common Dandelion, False Dandelion, Plantain,Mousear Chickweed
Fair Control: Black Medic & Clover
Poor Control: Oxalis, English Daisy, Yarrow, Veronica
Amine formulations
Common Dandelion
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes
Common Dandelion
Generally easy to control– Rarely requires repeat applications– Fall applications are highly effective
• Products:– Mixtures, 2,4-D, (Drive is weak)
False Dandelion
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes
False Dandelion
Surprisingly hard to control– Fall applications are more effective– Repeat treatments necessary– Spring treated weeds tend to recover
• Products:– Mixtures with 2,4-D, 2,4-D + Drive.
Broadleaf Plantain
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes
Broadleaf Plantain
Generally easy to control– May require repeat applications– Fall applications are highly effective
• Products:– Mixtures, 2,4-D, Drive
Mousear Chickweed
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes
Mousear Chickweed
• Fairly easy to control– May need repeat applications– Timing is flexible
• Products:– Most mixtures, MCPP, Dicamba
Summer annual: Germinates @ 50 ° FGrows thru summer and seedsDies from frost in fall
Spotted Spurge
Good Control with standard 3-Way mixes
Spotted Spurge
• Post emergence:– All mixtures– Early in season is best– May require repeat applications
What about?
• Clovers• English Daisy• Veronica• Oxalis (Woodsorrel)• Common Yarrow• And others……
Strategies for improving mixture performance
1.Change components2.Add components3.Change formulations
Modified 3-way Mixtures
Escalade 2 Super Trimec
2,4-D* 2,4-D**Fluroxypyr** Dichlorprop**Dicamba Dicamba
Chaser Ultra 2 Cool Power
MCPA** MCPA** * AminesFluroxypyr** Triclopyr** ** EstersDichlorprop* Dicamba
Add/Change Components
Speedzone Powerzone
2,4-D** MCPA**MCPP*** MCPP***Dicamba*** Dicamba*** * AmineCarfentrazone Carfentrazone ** Ester
*** AcidQ 4 Plus Surge2,4-D* 2,4-D*Quinclorac MCPP*Dicamba* Dicamba*Sulfentrazone Sulfentrazone
New Components
Carfentrazone & Sulfentrazone:
Family: aryl triazolinone
Impact: Faster weed response in cool weather Increased spectrum of weed control
Pyraflufen is also in this class
White Clover
Fair Control – repeat applications needed
Clovers
Easy to injure, hard to kill– Fall applications are more effective– Repeat treatments necessary– Spring treated weeds tend to recover
• Products:– Mixtures with Drive, Triclopyr,
Clopyralid, or Fluroxypyr
English Daisy
Poor Control
English Daisy
Hard to kill– Fall applications are more effective– Repeat treatments improve kill– Spring treatments tend to recover
• Products:– Mixtures with Drive, and SpeedZone + Drive
+ Dicamba, Penoxulam.
Rate Control
Treatments pts/acre Apps. 10 wks.
Speedzone 5 2 100
+ Drive 1 lb/acre
+ Dicamba 0.7
Drive 75 DF + MSO 1 lb/acre 2 99.9
Mec amine D 4 2 99.3
Surge 4 1 85
Speedzone 4 1 78.5
Untreated 0 0 0
OSU 2004 English Daisy Control Trial*
*Trial conducted by Brian McDonald
Untreated Drive
Mecamine DSpeedzone
4 weeks after trt.
Speedzone + Drive + Dicamba: 4 wks
New Herbicides
• Alone: No longer available.• Mixtures: Escalade 2
Chaser 2 ultra
Fluroxypyr
Single spray weed control at 4 weeks after treatment
TreatmentFalse
D.Com
D.W
CloverHeal-
all
Spotlight 67.3 77.8 100 56.4
2,4-D amine. 92 96.3 12.9 13.2
Spotlight + 2,4-D am. 98.1 96.8 81.1 84
Spotlight + Triplet 99.8 99.1 89.2 88.7
Escalade Low Odor 95.7 96.3 33.3 46.2
Untreated 0 0 0 0
OSU 2005 Broadleaf Weed Control Trial*
*Conducted by Brian McDonald
Single spray weed control at 12 weeks after treatment
TreatmentFalse
D.Com
D.W
CloverHeal-
all
Spotlight 94 65.2 100 75.7
2,4-D amine 94.8 94.4 94.1 31.6
Spotlight + 2,4-D am. 98.6 97.9 100 96
Spotlight + Triplet 99.8 96.3 100 100
Escalade Low Odor 99.6 92.3 100 99.8
Untreated 0 0 0 0
OSU 2005 Broadleaf Weed Control Trial*
*Conducted by Brian McDonald
New Herbicides
• Alone: No longer available.• Mixtures: Escalade 2
Chaser 2 ultra
Fluroxypyr
Veronica filiformis
Treatment pts/acre Apps%
Control
Spotlight + 2,4-D 2 + 1 2 99.4
Spotlight 2.5 2 98.9
Drive 75 DF + MSO 1 lb/acre 2 98.8
Spotlight + 2,4-D 1 + 2 2 97.9
Escalade 2 3 2 94.9
Confront 2 2 56.7
Untreated na 0 32.4
OSU 2006 Veronica filiformis trial*
* Conducted by Brian McDonald
9 weeks after treatment
Wood Sorrel
Poor Control with 3-Way Mix – need Triclopyr
Woodsorrel, Oxalis corniculata
Common yarrow
Poor Control with 3-Way Mix – need Triclopyr
Black Medic, Medicago Lupulina
Black Medic
Not difficult to kill- Treat in spring- Treat before or at early flower• Products:
–Mixtures with Triclopyr, Drive
Clopyralid, or Fluroxypyr.
Lawn violets, Viola sp.
Lawn Violets
• Generally difficult to control– Requires repeat applications– Fall applications are more effective
• Products:– Mixtures with Triclopyr are most effective
Ground Ivy, Glechoma hederacea
Ground Ivy• Timing:
–Fall ( Oct 1- Nov 1)• Chemicals:
–Strong
Triclopyr, 2,4-D, Fluroxypyr, Mixtures–Weak
Dicamba, Clopyralid, Quinclorac
Quiz
Chemicals that do a good job controlling:
Clover and Black medic
Answer
Clover & Black Medic Control
Carfentrazone, Drive, fluroxypyr, and clopyralid
Quiz
Chemicals that do a good job controlling:
Veronica
Answer
Veronica Control
Drive, Fluroxypyr
Quiz
Chemicals that do a good job controlling:
English Daisy
Answer:
English Daisy
Drive, Q4 Plus, Speedzone + Drive + Dicamba, Penoxulam.
(Control may be variable based on biotype.)
Quiz
A chemical that does a good job controlling:
Oxalis,Yarrow, Lawn violets, & Ground Ivy
Answer:
Oxalis,Yarrow, Lawn violets, & Ground Ivy
Triclopyr
2,4-D (or 2,4-DP) + MCPP + DicambaMCPA + MCPP + Dicamba
Good Control:Common Dandelion, False Dandelion, Plantain,Mousear Chickweed
Fair Control: Black Medic & Clover,
Poor Control: Oxalis, English Daisy, Yarrow, Veronica
Amine formulations
Overview
1. Making sense of all the Choices a. Review the “standard” 3 – way mixes
b. Look at “new kids” on the block
c. Review “alternative” herbicide mixes
2. Review the common weeds and match the herbicides to the weeds.
3. Maximizing weed kill – other factors.
4. Go through a few scenarios.
General control guidelines
1. Treat healthy weeds2. Increase turf vigor3. Do irrigate before treating4. Don’t irrigate after 5. Don’t mow before6. Repeat treatments 2-4 weeks typical
General control guidelines
7. Seasonal timingFall is bestSpring is okaySummer is worst
8. RatesFollow label instructions
General control guidelines
9. Avoid injury to sensitive grassesUse lower ratesUse safer products
Sensitive grasses: Bentgrass Poa trivialis Young fine fescue
General control guidelines
10. Amine vs. Ester?
Amines are better in warmer weather.
Esters are better in cooler weather.
Esters are “safer” to humans.
Horsepower
“Danger” Signal word
• Dimethyl Salt of MCPA
• Trimethyl Salt of Triclopyr
• Dicamba
Cool Power
“Caution” Signal Word
• Iso-octyl Ester of MCPA
• Butoxy Ester of Triclopyr
• Dicamba
Amines vs. Esters – Signal Word
Causes irreversible eye damage!
Causes moderate eye irritation.
Scenario #1 – Unirrigated site loaded with False Dandelion
Scenario #1 - Steps
1. Irrigate
2. Fertilize
3. Get grass and weeds healthy and growing
4. Make 2 applications of “Standard” 3-Way mix in Late Summer/Early Fall.
5. If you have resistant weeds, use a product with Drive (e.g. Q4 Plus)
Low N fertility favors clover
Scenario #2 – Neglected lawn that is irrigated. Weeds: clover, common dandelion, plantain.
Scenario #2 - Steps
1. Irrigate, if needed, and fertilize.
2. Get grass and weeds healthy and growing.
3. Make 2 applications of SpeedZone, Q4 Plus, or Escalade 2. (i.e. you need to add Carfentrazone, Quinclorac, Triclopyr, or Fluroxypyr to get good clover control)
4. Apply in cool weather if you use esters.
Scenario #3 – Wet site with English Daisy
Scenario #3 - Steps
1. Wait until fall.
2. Fertilize, if necessary.
3. Make two applications in fall of:– Drive + MSO (or add drive to 3 – way)– Q4 Plus– If problems, try Sapphire (Penoxulam)– Last resort – SpeedZone (5 pts/A) + Banvel
(0.66 pts/A+ Drive 75 DF(1 lb/A)
Note: SpeedZone only has 0.03 oz ai/1,000 sq. ft. of dicamba and the Banvel adds 0.12 oz ai/1,000.
Sum Up
1. I.D. your weeds and grasses
2. Pick your herbicide and read the label.i. Amine vs. Ester?
ii. Will chemicals kill weeds?
iii. Are your grasses sensitive to this herbicide?
3. Get grass and weeds growing, if necessary
4. Make 2 applications at the correct time of year (e.g. watch for leaf out with esters).