malayalam ma syllabus universiy of calicut ma...4 university of calicut credit & semester system...

1

tImgn-t°mSv k¿∆-I-em-ime

Fw F ae-bmfw t]mKmw (ska-Ã¿ kº-Zmbw)

(CUCSS-2010 Admission)

]mTy]-≤Xn

2

University of Calicut

Credit & Semester System 2010 (CUCSS PG)

Fw.F ae-bmfw _ncp-Zm-\-¥-c-_n-cp-Z-t]m-Km-ans‚ Dt±iy e£y-ßƒ

1. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnepw tIc-f-kw-kv°m-c-Ønepw hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ ka-K-

amb Andhpw Ah-t_m-[hpw \n¿Ωn-°pI.

2. And-hns‚ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø-en¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ DXIpw hn[w Kth-j-

Wm-h-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-I.

3. hnti-j-]-T-\-ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬IpI.

4. Imhy-imkvXw , Iem-ku-µcyimkvXw , Oµ-»mkvXw , Ae-¶m-c-

imkvXw XpS-ßnb kuµ-cy-imkvXtaJ-e-Isf°pdn®v ka-K-amb

[mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI.

5. temI-km-ln-Xy-hp-ambn kº¿°w ]pe¿Øm≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v

Ah-kcw \¬IpI.

6. a‰p hn⁄m\ imJ-I-sf-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-[m-c-W-bp-- m-°p-I.

7. t^mIvtem¿ , kmaq-ly-imkvXw , NcnXw , kwkv°m-c-]-T\w ,

am[y-a-]-T\w , ]X-]-h¿Ø\w , a\x-imkvXw , XØz-Nn¥

XpS-ßnb ssh⁄m-\nI imJ-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v

Ah-kcsamcp-°p-I. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ `mjm-km-ln-Xy-]-T\w

B[p-\n-I-am-\-ß-fn-te°v hnI-kn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ignhv hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬

krjvSn-°p-I.

8. hnhn[ kmln-Xy-]-ÿm-\-ß-fnepw kn≤m-¥-ß-fnepw hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬

Ah-Kmlw D- m-°p-I.

9. `mjm-N-cnXw , `mjm-imkvXw F∂o-ta-J-e-I-fnse \ho-\-Nn-¥-Ifpw

]h-W-X-Ifpw Adn-bphm≥ kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°p-I.

10. ae-bmfw k¿§m-fl-I-ambpw Inbm-fl-I-ambpw ]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv

hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ D- m-°p-I.

11. C‚¿s\‰v t]mep≈ \h-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS ]tbm-Khpw

km[y-Xbpw hnZym¿∞nIsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

12. ae-bm-f-`mjm kmln-Xy-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS ae-bmfn F∂ kwkv°m-c-t_m-

[hpw A`n-am-\-t_m-[hpw hf¿Øp-I.

3

Fw F ae-bmfw t]mKmw (ska-Ã¿ kº-Zmbw)

* \mep ska-Ã¿ sIm- mWv Cu t]mKmw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂Xv.

* Hcp-sk-a-Ã-dn¬ 90 A[y-b\ Znh-k-ßƒ D- m-bn-cn-°pw. BgvN-bn¬ 5 Znhkw

5 aWn-°q¿ hoX-am-bn-cn°pw ]hrØn Znh-k-ßƒ.

* c- p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ tImgvkp-I-fmWv Cut]mK-man-ep-≈-Xv. 1 tIm¿. 2 Ce-IvSohv .

* F√m- tIm-gvkp-Iƒ°pw IqSn 72 sIUn-‰m-Wp-≈-Xv.

* \memw ska-Ã-dn¬ t]mPIvSv / ]_‘w ]q¿Øn-bm°n ka¿∏n-°-Ww.

* aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ 75 % Fgp-Øp-]-co-£bpw 25 % Ct‚-W¬ Ak-kvsa‚pw

Bbn-cn°pw .

* sSÃv t]∏¿ (Np-cp-ßn-bXv 2 FÆw ) , skan-\m¿ , Assk≥sa‚v ,lm-P¿

F∂nh ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv Ct‚-W¬ Ak-kvsa‚v

* ]co-£m-k-abw aq∂p aWn-°q¿ Bbn-cn°pw

* ]co-£°v 3 Xcw tNmZy-ßƒ D- m-bn-cn-°pw

1 . eLp JWvUnI (Short Answer ) - 14 tNmZyw . shbvt‰Pv 1 hoXw

2 . eLp D]-\ymkw (Short Essay ) - 10 ¬ 7 FÆw Fgp-X-Ww.-sh-bvt‰Pv 2 hoXw.

3 . D]-\ymkw ( Essay ) - 4 ¬ 2 FÆw Fgp-X-Ww.-sh-bvt‰Pv 4 hoXw

4

University of Calicut

Credit & Semester System 2010 (CUCSS PG)

Syllabus & Scheme of Examination

M.A.Malayalam Language and Literature

H∂mw ska-Ã¿

tImgvkv

tImUv t]cv sI-Un‰v

1 ˛tIm¿ MAL1C01 ]mNo\ a[y-Im-eo\ kmlnXyw 4

2 ˛tIm¿ MAL1C02 B[p-\nI kmlnXyw ˛1 4

3 ˛tIm¿ MAL1C03 tI-c-f-kw-kv°mcw 4

4 ˛tIm¿ MAL1C04 `mjm-imkvXw 4

c- mw ska-Ã¿

tImgvkv


5 ˛tIm¿ MAL2C05 B[p-\nI kmlnXyw ˛2 4

6 ˛tIm¿ MAL2C06 kmlnXykn≤m-¥-ßƒ 4

7 ˛tIm¿ MAL2C07 am-[y-a-]-T\w 4

8 ˛tIm¿ MAL2C08 t^mIvtemdpw tIc-fo-b-I-e-Ifpw 4

5

aq∂mw ska-Ã¿

tImgvkv


9 ˛tIm¿ MAL3C09 Kth-j-W-Øns‚ coXn-imkvXw 4

10 ˛Ce-IvSohv MAL3E10(a) FgpØ-—≥

4 MAL3E10(b) Ip©≥ \ºym¿

MAL3E10(c) B -°Y

11˛Ce-IvSohv MAL3E11(a) ae-bmf \mS-I-thZn

4

MAL3E11(b) Imev]-\nI IhnX

MAL3E11(c) tZ-iob]ÿm-\-Øn-s‚-kzm-[o\w

ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬

12 ˛tIm¿ kwkvIrXw 4

\memw ska-Ã¿

tImgvkv


13 ˛tIm¿ MAL4C13 hymI-cWw 4

14 ˛Ce-IvSohv MAL4E14(a) hnh¿Ø\w ˛]-tbm-Khpw kn≤m-

¥hpw

4

MAL4E14(b) ae-bmf `mjm-N-cnXw

MAL4E14(c) Xmc-X-ay-km-lnXyw

15˛Ce-IvSohv MAL4E15(a) t\mh¬ ,sN-dp-IY

4

MAL4E15(b) B[p-\nI IhnX

MAL4E15(c) ae-bmfkmln-Xy-hn-a¿i\w

16 ˛tIm¿ kwkvIrXw 4

17 t]mPIvSv / ]_‘w 5

18 hmNm-]-co£ 3

t]mKm-ans‚ BsI sIUn‰v ˛ 72

6

Fw.-F.ae-bmfw `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

skaÃ¿ 1

tIm¿ tImgvkv 1 ˛]mNo\a[yImeo\kmlnXyw (MAL1C01)

sI-Un‰v 4

18-˛mw \q‰m- phscbp≈ aebmf`mjbpsSbpw kmlnXyØns‚bpw

hnImk]cnWmaßƒ/kz`mhßƒ ]Tn°pI F∂XmWv Cu tImgvkp

sIm- pt±in°p∂Xv. AXn\v amXrIbm°mhp∂ ][m\s∏´ IrXnIƒ

hntij]T\Øn\mbn sImSpØncn°p∂p. IrXnIfpsS D≈n¬\n∂psIm- v

Ahsb ]Tn°pIbpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNøpIF∂Xnt\msSm∏w IrXnIsf Ah

D- mb ImeL´ßfnse `mjbpsSbpw kaqlLS\IfpsSbpw]›mØeØn¬

]Tn°m≥]TnXm°fpw]Tn∏n°m≥A[ym]IcpwXømdmhWw.IrXnIƒ

]Tn°ptºmƒ/]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ XmcXay]T\w, ssieohn⁄m\ob]T\w

XpSßnbh ]T\]≤XnIƒ th- nSØv Ahew_n°mhp∂XmWv.

IqSmsX `mcXØnse CXc]mtZinI`mjIfn¬ 18˛mw \q‰m- phsc

D- mbn´p≈kmlnXy]camb]hWXIƒ,CXnlmk]pcmWßfpsS]p\krjvSnI

ƒ, `‡n]ÿm\Øns‚ hym]\w XpSßnbhsb°pdn®v A[ym]I¿

hnZym¿∞nIsf t_m[h¬°cn®ncn°Ww.

bq\n‰v H∂v : ]m´pkmlnXyw

‘]m´’ns‚ e£Ww˛][m\s∏´ ]m´pIrXnIƒ˛]m´pIrXnIfnse `mjbpw

kmlnXyhpw ]m´n\v ]nevImeØp- mb `mjm]chpw kmlnXyhnjbIhpamb

hnImk]cnWmaßƒ ˛ \ncWw IhnIfpsS kw`mh\˛IrjvWKmY˛

cmaIY∏m´ns‚]m[m\yw ˛ \mtSmSn∏m´pIƒ, hn`P\hpw ssh]peyhpw

sX°≥]m´v, hS°≥]m´v, tXm‰w]m´v, am∏nf∏m´v ˛ ]Xn]mZyhnjbwIhpw

cq]]chpw kmlnXyhnjbIhpamb khntijXIƒ.]mTy `mKßƒ amXrIbm°n

7

]m´ns‚ DZv hhnImk]cnWmaßƒ ]Tn°pI F∂XmWv Cu

bq\n‰vsIm- pt±in°p∂Xv.

]mTy`mKßƒ

1. cmaNcnXw, 66˛mw hrØw ˛ ‘CµPnØv ˛ e£vaWbp≤w’

2 Xncp\ng¬ame, JWvUw H∂n¬ 15 Bd∑pfKmah¿Æ\w, BZysØ 13

CucSn: “sXfpsXf∏pIƒ” F∂XpapX¬ “\Sp°nh∂Sp°ptaSw”

F∂Xphsc.

3. IÆ»cmambWw ˛ _meImWvUw 50 apX¬ 79 hscbp≈ ]m´pIƒ

4. cmaIY∏m´v ˛ _meImWvUw, H∂mw hrØw

5. IrjvWKmY ˛ tKm]nImZpJw.

bq\n‰v c- v : a[yyIme ]m´pkmlnXyw

Xp©sØgpØ—s‚ ImeØv aebmfØnep- mbncp∂ kmlnXy[mcIfpw

AhbpsSkhntijXIfpw:16˛mw\q‰m- nsetIcfobkaqlw,kmaqlnIkmwkvImcn

I]cntXmhÿIƒ˛PmXnkºZmbw, `cWcoXn XpSßnbhbpsS ]Xn^e\w

kmlnXyØn¬ ˛ Infn∏m´v ]ÿm\w `mjbv°pw kmlnXyØn\pw FgpØ—s‚

kw`mh\˛FgpØ—≥ hn`mh\w sNbvX/cq]s∏SpØnbkaqlw˛ Xp©s‚

Infn]m]m´pIƒ°v D]PohyIrXnIfpambp≈ _‘w ˛ FgpØ—s‚ `‡nbpw

kmlnXyIebpw˛Xp≈¬, h©n∏m´v, ]m\ F∂o kmlnXy]ÿm\ßfpsN

kmh`mhhpw ssh]peyhpw ˛ \ºym¿IrXnIfnse tIcfnbkaqlw ˛

cma]pcØphmcnb¿, ]q¥m\w F∂n]cpsS kw`mh\ ˛ aebmfØnse Io¿Ø\

kmlnXyw.

]mTy`mKßƒ

1. A≤ymflcmambWw Infn∏m´v ˛ BcWyImWvUw

2. alm`mcXw Infn∏m´v ˛ DtZymK]¿hw

3. tLmjbmXm ˛ Ip©≥ \ºym¿

8

4. k¥m\tKm]mew ˛ NXp¿∞]mZw ˛ ]q¥m\w

5. IptNehrØw h©n∏m´v ˛ cma]pcØphmcnb¿

bq\n‰v aq∂v. ]mNo\aWn]hmfw

aWn]hmfØns‚ D¬]Øn ˛ e£Ww, ]mNo\aWn]hmfkmlnXyØns‚

kz`mhw, ]mNo\Nºp°ƒ, ktµiImhyßƒ, kvtXmXßƒ, \mbnImh¿Æ\w

XpSßnb hn`mKßƒ ˛ aWn]hmfImeL´Ønse tIcfobkaqlw ˛

enemXneIhpw aWn]hmfkmlnXyhpw.

]mTy`mKßƒ

1. DÆnb®oNcnXw (hymJym\w F≥. tKm]n\mY≥ \mb¿) ˛ KZyw 11 hsc

2. sshinIX¥w BZysØ 25 t«mIw

3. tImIktµIw

4. DØcmNµnI

5. Ntµm’hw ˛ 5˛mw `mKØnse BZysØ 25 t«mIw

bq\n‰v \mev a[yImeaWn]hmfw

a[yImeNºp°fpsSkhntijXIƒ ˛]mNo\Nºp°fpw ˛

a[yImeNºp°fnse kaqlw, kmaqlnIhna¿i\w. B´°Y ˛ IYIfnbpsS

kmlnXyw ˛ B´°YmkmlnXyØns‚ hf¿® ˛ tIm´bØpXºpcm≥,

DÆmbnhmcnb¿, CcbnΩ≥Xºn F∂nhcpsS kw`mh\Iƒ ˛ ][m\s∏´ a‰p

B´°YmImc∑mcpw AhcpsS IrXnIfpw ˛ IYIfnbpsS C∂sØ ÿnXn,

kaIme]k‡n.

]mTy `mKßƒ

1. `mjmcmambWw Nºp ˛ koXmkzbwhcw

2. \fNcnXw ˛ aq∂mw Znhkw

9

bq\n‰v A©v . ]No\`mjmKZyw

aebmfKZyØns‚bpw KZykmloXyØs‚bpw DZv`hhnImk]cnWmaßƒ

a\nem°pI F∂XmWv Cu bq\n‰v sIm- pt±in°p∂Xv. imk\`mj, IuSeob`mj,

IqSnbm´KZyw, ]pcmWIYmJym\ßƒ, hymJym\ßƒ, anj\dnaebmf KZyw F∂nßs\bp≈

KZyØns‚ hnh[amXrIIƒ hnZym¿∞nIƒ]cnNbs∏´ncn°Ww. PqXimk\w,

`mjmIuSeobØnse koXv≤y£]IcWw, AwKpeobm¶w ]pd∏mSv B´]Imcw,

ambmkoXm¶w IaZo]nI, \ºym¿ Xangv, ZqXhmIyw \mSIKZyØnse ]kvXmh\,

_“mWvU]pcmWw KZyw tImkecmPbp≤

k∂ml]cy¥w, Aw_cotjm]mJym\w KZyw F∂o ]mNo\`mjmKZyamXrIIfpsSbpw

h¿Øam\∏pkvXIØns‚bpw (BZysØ c- p]Zw) `mjmkmlnXykz`mhw hnZym¿∞nIƒ

Adn™ncn°Ww.

hniZ]T\w Dt±in°p∂n√ F∂Xn\m¬ KZy`mKßƒ hymJym\n°m≥ tNmZyw

D- mhcpXv.

1. ]mNo\`mjmKZyamXrIIƒ,kwtim[nXkwkvIcWw. tU. ]pcptjmØa≥\mb¿

(Imen°‰v bp\n. sk≥S¬ tIm˛Hm∏td‰ohv˛tÃmgvkv)

2. h¿Øam\∏pkvXIw. BZysØ c- p]Zw ˛

klmbIKŸßƒ

1. tIcfkmlnXyNcnXw, hmfyw 1,2,3 ˛ D≈q¿ Fkv ]ctaizcø¿

2. IÆ»∑mcpw FgpØ—\pw ˛ sI.C.\mcmbW]n≈

3. tImIktµiw(hymJym\w)˛NmØ\mØv ANyX\pÆn, Fw.B¿ cmLhhmcnb¿

4. ssIcfnbpsS IY ˛ F≥.IrjvW]n≈

5. hS°≥]m´pIfpsS ]Wnbme ˛ Fw.B¿ cmLhhmcnb¿

6. \ncWw]m´pIƒ ˛ tZiawKew cmaIrjvW≥

7. aebmfIhnXmkmlnXyNcnXw ˛ Fw.eoemhXn

8. Ip©≥ \ºym¿ ˛ hm°pw kaqlhpw ˛ sI.F≥.KtWiv

9. ]ZycXv\w ˛ Dt]mXvLmXw ˛ tUm.]n.sI.\mcmbW]n≈

10. eoemXneIw ˛ H∂mw inev]w

11. IÆicmambWw, bp≤ImWvUw (Dt]mZvLmXw) ˛ ]pXpt»cn cmaNµ≥

10

12. `mjmNºp°ƒ ˛ D≈q¿ Fkv.]ctaizcø¿

13. IYIfnhn⁄m\tImiw ˛ Abva\w IrjvWss°aƒ

14. B´°Y ˛ Abva\w IrjvWss°aƒ

15. tIcf`mjbpsS hnImk]cnWmaßƒ ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

16. a[yImeaebmfw ˛ ]n.]n.thembp[≥]n≈

17. aebmf`mjm]cnWmaw ˛ kn≤m¥ßfpw hkvXpXIfpw ˛ Xncps\√q¿ IcpWmIc≥

18. cmaNcnXhpw ]No\aebmfhpw ˛ F≥.B¿.tKm]n\mY≥]n≈

19. \fNcnXktµiw ˛ Abva\w IrjvWss°aƒ

20. c- p ]mNo\KZyIrXnIƒ ˛ kvIdnb kJdnb

21. cmaNcnXhpw ]mNo\`mjmhnNmchpw ˛ \Sph´w tKm]meIrjvW≥

22. anj\dnaebmfKZyamXrIIƒ ˛ kmaph¬ Nµ\∏≈n

23. h¿Øam\∏pkvXIØn\v Hcp AhXmcnI ˛ NmØ\mØv ANypX\pÆn

kmaph¬ Nµ\∏≈n

24. `mcXobkmlnXyNcnXw hmfyw ˛ sI.Fw.tPm¿÷v (F.Un)

25. kmlnXyNcnXw ]kvYm\ßfneqsS ˛ sI. F. tPm¿÷v (F.Un)

26. aWn]hmfeLpImhyßƒ ( BapJw) ˛ NmØ\mØv ANyX\pÆn.

Fw. B¿ cmLhhmcnb¿

27. Ezhuthachan and His Age – Chelanattu Achutha Menon

28. Early Manipravala – Astudy – K. Ramachandran Nair

29. Language of Middle Malayalam – Puthussery Ramachandran

11


skaÃ¿ 1

tIm¿ tImgvkv 2 ˛ B[p\nIkmlnXyw 1 (MAL1C02)

sI-Un‰v 4

B[p\nIXbpsS DZbw apX¬ 20mw \q‰m- ns‚ a[yL´whscbp≈

aebmfkmlnXyØns‚ hnImk]cnWmaßƒ ]Tn°pI F∂XmWo tImgvkv

sIm- pt±in°p∂Xv. AXn\v aebmfkmlnXnbpsS hnh[kz`mßƒ Bhln°p∂

][m\s∏´ Nne IrXnIƒ hntij]T\Øn\mbnsImSpØncn°p∂p. Cu kne_kv

]Imcap≈ ]mTy`mKßƒ ]Tn®pIgnbptºmƒ ta¬∏d™ImeL´Ønse

aebmfkmlnXyØns‚ hnhn[kz`mßƒ hnZym¿∞nIƒ And™ncn°Ww.

AXn\p]Icn°pwhn[amhWw ]mTy`mKßƒ ]Tn°pIbpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNtø- Xv.

IqSmsX, ]kvXpXImeL´Øn¬ CXc `mcXob`mjmkmlnXnIfn¬ km`hn®n´p≈

khntiXIsf°pdn®v A[ym]I¿ hnZym¿∞nIsf t_m[h¬°cn®ncn°Ww. t]∏¿ H∂ns‚

BZyJWvUnIbn¬ ]dbp∂ IrXnIfpsS D≈n¬\n∂psIm- v F∂XpapX¬

Ahew_n°mhp∂XmWv F∂Xphscbp≈ `mKw t]∏¿ 2˛\pw _m[IamWv.

kwkvIrXkmlnXyØns‚bpw \ntbmIvfmknkØns‚bpw ]mcºcyßfn¬\n∂v

th¿s]´]mivNmXykmlnXycq]ßfpsSbpwB[p\nIhn⁄m\ßfpsSbpwkzm[o\Øn\phiw

hZbmbn aebmfØn¬ ]Xy£s∏´ ]pXnbcq]ßfpw Bibßfpw kmlnXyKXnsb

F]Imcw \nb¥n®p F∂v hnZym¿∞nIƒ AndbWw. sh◊Wn]ÿm\w,

]®aebmf]ÿm\w, ZznXobm£c]hmkhmZw, cq]`ZXmhmZw XpSßnbhbpw

hnZym¿∞nIƒ hnthNn®dnbWw. ]n˛sdmam‚nknkw, kn_enkw, anÃnknkw, dnbenkw,

]ptcmKa\kmlnXyw XpSßnb ]ÿm\ßƒ, IhnX˛t\mh¬

apXembkmlnXyimJIfpsScq]Ønepw`mhØnepwhcpØnb]cnh¿Ø\ßfpw

AhbpsScmjvSobkmaqlnI kmwkvImcnINcnX]›mØeßfpw hy‡ambn

a\nem°Ww. D]\ymkw, lmkykmlnXyw,PohNcnXw, BflIY, bmXmhnhcWw

apXembkmlnXyimJIsf°pdn®pwkmam\y⁄m\w kºmZn°Ww. hniZ]T\Øn\p≈

IrXnIsf ]pXnb ImgvN∏mSpIfneqsS-˛ ]T\]≤XnIfneqsS kao]n°pIbpw thWw.

aebmfkmlnXyØn¬ ]Xy£s∏´\qX\]hWXIsf kw_‘n®p≈ IrXnIƒ hmbn®v

hnZym¿∞nIƒ N¿®Ifpw kwhmZßfpw \SØnbncn°Ww.

12

hniZ]T\Ønep≈ IrXnIƒ.

bq\n‰v H∂v . IhnX

1. hoW]qhv Ipamc\mim≥

2. aKvZe\andbw h≈tØmƒ

3. loc D≈q¿

4. am\kzn\n Nßºpg

5. Ifnb—≥ ]n. Ip™ncma≥ \mb¿

bq\n‰v c- v. t\mh¬

1. CµpteJ . H. N¥ptat\m≥

2. cmacmPm_lZq¿ . kn.hn.cma≥]n≈

3. c- nSßgn . XIgn inhi¶c]n≈

4. ‚p∏q∏ms°mcmt\- m¿∂v. ssh°w aplΩZv _jo¿

5. apØ»n . sNdpImSv

bq\n‰v aq∂v . sNdpIY

thßbn¬ Ip™ncma≥ \mb¿, kn.Fkv.tKm]me∏Wn°¿, AºmSn

\mcmbWs∏mXphmƒ, Fw.B¿.sI.kn.,sI.kpIpamc≥, _n.IeymWnbΩ, AºmSn

Im¿Øymb\n AΩXpSßnb BZyImeIYmIc∑mcpsSbpw IYmImcnIfpsSbpw

cN\Isf∏‰nbpw hnZy¿∞nIƒ kmam\y⁄m\w t\Snbncn°Ww.

hniZ]T\Øn\p≈ sNdpIYIƒ

1 A`nam\n . ]pfnam\ ]ctaizc≥]n≈

2 amWn°≥ . efnXmw_nI A¥¿÷aw

3 \thmt∑jw . Ddq_v

4 ]qhºgw Imcq¿

5 kvXo Fkv.sI.s]m‰°m´v

bq\n‰v \mev . \mSIw

kwkvIrX\mSI]cn`mjIƒ, kwKoX\mSIßƒ, ]lk\ßƒ,

\mSI°º\nIƒF∂nhsb°pdn®pwaebmf\mSIkmlnXyØn\p- mbhf¿®sb°pdn

®pw\mSIØns‚kaIme]k‡nsb°pdn®pwhnZym¿∞nIƒAdn™ncn°Ww.

hniZ]T\Øn\p≈ \mSIßƒ.

1. aebmfimIp¥fw ˛ G.B¿.cmPcmPh¿Ω

2. ]m´_m°n ˛ sI. ZmtamZc≥

3. _em_ew ˛ F≥. IrjvW]n≈

13

4. 1128 ˛ ¬ ssIw 27 ˛ kn.sP. tXmakv

bq\n‰v A©v ˛ \ncq]Ww

tIcfh¿ΩhenbtImbnØºpcm≥, kn.]n.ANyXtat\m≥, A¥∏mbn

kztZim`nam\ncmaIrjvWcn≈, Ip‰n∏g IrjvW]n≈, kn.Fkv.\mb¿ XpSßnb

BZyImehna¿iIcpsS kw`mh\Isf∏‰n hnZym¿∞nIƒ Adn™ncn°Ww.

hniZ]T\Øn\p≈ cN\Iƒ˛

1. kpµcIe ˛ ]m›mXyhpw ]uckvXyhpw. G._meIrjvW]n≈ (\themIw)

2. Bims‚ eoe ˛ Ip´n°rjvWamcm¿ (Z¥tKm]pcw)

3. ktµiw AsXmt∂bp≈q ˛ ap- t»cn (am\ZWvUw)

4. NnXIebpw ImhyIebpw ˛ Fw.]n. t]mƒ ( Imhy Z¿i\w)

klmbIKŸßƒ

1. aebmfkmlnXyNcnXw ˛ ]n.sI.]ctaizc≥\mb¿

2. aebmfIhnXmkmlnXyNcnXw ˛ Fw.eoemhXn

3. hn.kn.bpw Imev]\nIIhnXbpw ˛ sI.tKm]meIrjvW≥

4. kmlnXykacßƒ ˛ sI. `mkvIc]n≈

5. aebmf\mSIkmlnXyNcnXw ˛ Pn.i¶c]n≈

6. Po bpsS ImhyPohnXw ˛ Fw. eoemhXn

7. Po bpsS `mhKoXßƒ ˛ Un. _©an≥

8. i¶c°pdn∏v hna¿in°s∏Sp∂p ˛ kpIpam¿ Agot°mSv

9. Nßºpg Hcp ]T\w ˛ sI.Fkv.\mcmbW]n≈

10. Nßºpg \£XßfpsS kvt\l`mP\w ˛ Fw.sI.km\p

11. CXm Hcp Ihn ˛ ]km . CSt»cn ]ªnt°j≥kv, sIm®n

12. h¿ÆcmPn ˛ Fw. eoemhXn

13. IhnX hgnØncnhn¬ ˛ sI.Fkv. \mcmbW]n≈

14. t\mh¬ kmlnXyw ˛ Fw. ]n. t]mƒ

15. BZyImeaebmft\mh¬ ˛ tPm¿÷v Ccpºbw

16. BZyImekvXoIYIƒ ˛ Fw.Fw._jo¿

17. ImhyIe Ipamc\mim\neqsS ˛ ]n.sI._meIrkvW≥

18. h≈tØmƒ \hbpKØns‚ Ihn ˛ Xmbm´v i¶c≥

19. N¥ptat\m≥ Hcp ]T\w ˛ ]n.sI._meIrjvW≥

20. t\mh¬ kn≤nbpw km[\bpw ˛ ]n.sI._meIrjvW≥

21. \mh¬ kzcq]w ˛ sI. kptcµ≥

22. NcnXt\mh¬ aebmfØn¬ ˛ Iev∏‰ _meIrjvW≥

23. ssZh\oXn°v Zm£nWyan√ ˛ sI. `mkvIc≥\mb¿

24. ]Xn]mXw `mjWt`Zw ˛ F≥. IrjvW]n≈

14

25. sNdpIY C∂se, C∂v ˛ Fw. ANypX≥

26. sNdpIYm]ÿm\w ˛ Fw.]n. t]mƒ

27. Imcq¿IYm]T\w kºm ˛ Fw. Fw. _jo¿

28. Dbcp∂ bh\nI ˛ kn.sP. tXmakv

29. ]ptcmKa\kmlnXy]ÿm\w \ngepw shfn®hpw ˛ ]n.sI.tKm]meIrjvW≥

30. tIcfØnse ]ptcmKa\kmlnXy]ÿm\Øns‚ NcnXw ˛

Fw.B¿ NµtiJc≥

31. aebmfkmlnXyhna¿iw ˛ kpIpam¿ Agot°mSv

32. aebmfkmlnXyhna¿\w ˛ ]n.hn.thembp[≥]n≈

33. tIkcnbpsS hna¿iw ˛ Fkv.Kp]vX≥\mb¿

34. amcmcpw aebmfkmlnXyhpw ˛ Hcp kwLw teJI¿

35. amcm¿ hna¿i\Ønse i‡ntKm]pcw˛ Fw.Sn.kkpteJ

36. \mSIZ¿i\w ˛ F.]n.]n.\ºpXncn

37. ap- t»cnbpw aebmf\ncp]Whpw ˛ sI.Fw.tXmakv

38. PohNcnXkmlnXyw aebmfØn¬ ˛ \Sph´w tKm]meIrjvW≥

39. D]\ymkkmlnXyw ˛ Fw.hn.hnjvWp\ºqXncn

40. Ipe]XnIƒ ˛ sI. tKm]meIrjvW≥

41. Bim≥ \thm∞m\Øns‚ Ihn ˛ Xmbm´p i¶c≥

42. lmkyw t\mh¬ inev]Øn¬ ˛ Fkv. hn. thWptKm]me≥ \mb¿

43. hoW]qhv I¨apºn¬ ˛ sI.Fw. Um\nb¬

44. aebmfsNdpIYmkmlnXyNcnXw ˛ Fw. Fw. _jo¿

45. aebmft\mh¬kmlnXyNcnXw ˛ sI.Fw.XcI≥

46. \KcØn¬ ]d™ kphntijßƒ ˛ sI.hn.tXmakv

47. adpXncImØp\n∂t∏mƒ ˛ hn. cmPIrjvW≥

48. A`n⁄m\imIp¥fw aebmfØn¬ ˛ B¿.tKm]n\mY≥

49. F≥. IrjvW]n≈bpsS kmlnXyPohnXw ˛ teJ\kamlmcw

50. A¥∏mbnbpsSbpw ap- t»cnbpsSbpw kmlnXy]£]mXßƒ ˛

sI. i¶c\pÆn

51. `mcXobkmlnXyNcnXw hmfyw 1, 2, ˛ sI. Fw. tPm¿÷v (F.Un)

52. h≈tØmfns‚ Imhyssien ˛ A\n¬ h≈tØmƒ


15

skaÃ¿ 1

tIm¿ tImgvkv 3˛ tIcfkwkvImcw (MAL1C03)

sI-Un‰v 4

e`yamb hkvXp°fpsS shfn®Øn¬ tIcfobcpsS kmwkvImcnI NcnXw

]Tn°m\pw ]Tn∏n°m\pw DXIp∂hn[w ]mTy]≤Xn kwhn[m\w sNbvXncn°p∂p.

]mTy]≤Xn]Imcap≈ `mKßƒ ]Tn®pIgnbptºmƒ tIcfobcpsS

]q¿∆Ime˛kaImekwkvIrXnsb°pdn®v khntij⁄m\w

hnZym¿∞nIƒ°p- mhWw.

bq\n‰ v H∂v

1. tIcfkwkvImcNcnXcN\ ˛ ]iv\ßfpw kao]\hpw˛

kmwkvImcnINcnXØns‚ ]k‡n.

2. D]mZm\kmaKn ˛ alminemkvamcIßƒ, ]g¥angv ]m´pIƒ,

inemenJnXßƒ,\mWbßƒ,sNt∏SpIƒ,tImhneIw˛Xdhm´p˛t£X

tcJIƒ,hntZinIfpsS hnhcWßfpw Ipdn∏pIfpw.

3.kwLImetIcfw˛kmaqlnIkmwkmImcnIcmjvSobPohnXIaßƒ

bq\n‰ v c- v

1 tIcfØnseZmbIaßƒ˛a°Ømbwacpa°Ømbw˛DZv hhnImk

NcnXw˛acpa°ØmbØns‚XI¿®˛ImcWßƒPmXnhyhÿnXn˛

DZv hNcnXw˛PmXnbpwsXmgnepw,PmXnIfpwD]PmXnIfpw˛PmXnhyhÿnXn bpsS

XI¿® ˛ ImcWßƒ

2. P∑nkºZmbw˛DZv hNcnXw˛\m´phmgnIfpsSbpw\ºqXncnamcpsSbpw

]m_eyw˛t£XtIµnXkwkvImc#w˛P∑nkºZmbØns‚ ]X\w ˛

ImcWßƒ˛]mNo\tIcfØnse aXßƒ˛BcyaXw,_p≤aXw, InkvXpaXw,

C…mwaXw ˛ kmaqlnIkmwkvImcnIcwKßfn¬ _p≤PssP\aXßfpsS kzm[o\w

˛DZbwt]cq¿ kq\ltZmkv

3. ]mNo\tIcfØnse hnZym`ymkw ˛ imeIƒ ˛ ]T\hnjbßƒ

16

cmPhwißƒ ˛ AhbpsS kw`mh\Iƒ ˛ kmlnXykrjvSnIƒ,

NnXIe, kwKoXw, ⁄m\a’cßƒ

bq\n‰ v aq∂v

1. B[p\nIXbpsS Bcw`w ˛ Cw•o,jv hnZym`ymkØns‚ XpS°w ˛

anj\dnamcpsS ]h¿Ø\ßƒ

2. A®SntIcfØn¬ ˛ BZyImeapZWmebßƒ

3. ]X]h¿Ø\w ˛ BZyIme]XamknIIƒ ˛ ]Xn]mZyhnjbßƒ

bq\n‰ v \mev

1. 19--˛mw \q‰m- nsebpw 20˛mw \q‰m- v Bcw`Ønsebpw tIcfw ˛

kmaqlnIkanXnIƒ ˛ PmXnIfpw D]PmXnIfpw ˛ DØctIcfØnse

_n´ojv cWw, Z£nWtIcfØnse cmP`cWw.

2. kmaqlnI]cnjvIcW]ÿm\ßƒ ˛ Fkv.F≥.Un.]n tbmKw,

F≥.Fkv. Fkv. km[pP\]cn]me\kwLw, tbmKt£ak`

\ºqXncnbphP\ LS\ ˛ ChbpsS ]h¿Øßƒ

3. kmaqlnI]cnjvIcW]ÿm\lßfpsS ]h¿Ø\wsIm- v tIcfØn\p

ssIh∂ kmaqlnI\nXnbpw kmwkvImcntIm¬°¿jbpw ˛

kmlnXyIrXnIfneqsSbp≈ kmwkvImcnI]h¿Ø\ßƒ.

bq\n‰ v A©v

1. sFIytIcfØn\ptijap≈ kmaqlnIÿnXnIƒ ˛ sFIytIcfw

t\´hpw tIm´hpw ˛ `q\nba]cnjvIcWw.

2. kvXohnZym`ymkw C∂v ˛ kmaqlnIkmwkvImcnIcwKßfn¬

kvXoIfpsS]¶mfnØw.

3. A[nImchntIµoIcWw ˛ hnZym`ymk]h¿Ø\ßfn¬

kzImcy]¶mfnØw˛am[yaßfpw kwkvImchpw.

klmbIKŸßƒ

1) sIm®ncmPyNcnXw ˛ sI.]n.]fl\m`tat\m≥

2) P∑nkºZmbw tIcfØn¬ ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

3) Nne tIcfNcnX]iv\ßƒ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

4) tIcfNcnXØnse CcpfS™ GSpIƒ ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

5) A∂sØ tIcfw ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

17

6) DÆp\oeoktµiw NcnXZrjvSnbn¬ IqSn ˛ CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈

7) tIcfNcnXw ˛ Fw.B¿.cmLhhmcnb¿, cmP≥ Kpcp°ƒ

8) tIcfobX NcnXam\ßƒ ˛ Fw.B¿.cmLhhmcnb¿

9) hi°≥]m´pIfpsS ]Wnbme ˛ Fw.B¿.cmLhhmcnb¿

10) PmXnhyhÿnXnbpw tIcfNcnXhpw ˛ ]n.sI._meIrjvW≥

11) \mcmbWKpcp ˛ ˛ ]n.sI._meIrjvW≥

12) C_v\p_ØqØ I- tIcfw ˛ thembp[≥ ]Wn°t»cn

13) k©mcnIƒ I- tIcfw ˛ skbvXp aplΩZv

14) 19˛mw \q‰m- nse tIcfw ˛ `mkvIc\pÆn

15) tIcfNcnXw 1,2 ˛ tIcf lnÃdn Atkmkntbj≥

16) IpetiJc \mSIßfpw tIcfNcnXhpw ˛ Fw. ]n. i¶pÆn\mb¿

17) tIcfw aebmfnIfpsS amXr`qan ˛ C.Fw.Fkv. \ºqXncn∏mSv

18) tIcf kzmX¥ykacw ˛ sI.Fw. ]Wn°¿

19) tIcfkwkvImcw ˛ F. io[ctat\m≥

20) tIcf]X]h¿Ø\NcnXw ˛ ]pXp∏≈n cmLh≥

21) tIcfkwKoXw ˛ hn.am[h≥ \mb¿

22) tIcf NcnXw ˛ Sn.sI.KwKm[c≥, Imen°‰ v bq\nthgvkn‰n

sk≥S¬ tIm˛Hm∏td‰ohv ˛tÃm¿kv

23) tIcfw 20-˛mw \q‰m- ns‚ Bcw`Øn¬ ˛ ]n. `mkvIc\pÆn

24) s_©an≥ s_ben ˛ aebmfw A®SnbpsS ]nXmhv ˛kmaph¬

h¿§okv, kmaph¬ s\√napIƒ

25) tIcfØns‚ C∂seIƒ ˛ sI.F≥. KtWiv

26) \Ωƒ \S∂ hgnIƒ ˛ Fkv. sI. hk¥≥

27) BZnapZWw ˛ sI.Fw. tKmhn

28) kwkvImc]T\w˛ kvIdnb k°dnb

29) Kpcphns‚ NcnXw ˛ sI. kpKX≥

30) tIcfNcnXw temINcnXØneqsS ˛ sI. inhi¶c≥ \mb¿,

tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn‰yq v.

31) tIcfkwkvImchpw ssIkvXhanj\dnamcpw ˛ t]mƒ aWhmf≥

32) aebmfkmlnXyhpw InkvXym\nIfpw ˛ ]n.sP.tXmakv.

33) Malabar Mannual – William Logan

34) Kerala District Gazetters – A Sreedharan Menon

35) Foreign Notices of South India – K. Neelakanda Sastri

18

36) Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala – M.G.S. Narayanan

37) Kerala and Her People – L.A.Krishna Iyer

38) The Zamorins of Calicut – K. V.Krishna Iyer

39) Contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit literature – K. Kunjunni Raja

40) Tamil Heroic Poetry – K. Kailaspathi

41) Cera Kings of the Sangam Age – K.G. Sesha Iyer

42) Folk Plays and Dances of Kerala – M.D.Raghavan

43) Personality of Kerala – A Ayyappan

44) Pre – Dravidian – L.A. Krishna Iywer

45) Castes and Tribes of Cochin – L.K.Anantha Krishna Iywer

19


skaÃ¿ 1

tIm¿ tImgvkv 4 ˛ `mjmimkvXw (MAL1C04)

sI-Un‰v 4

`mjmimkvXØns‚ kmam\y]cnNbamWv Cu ]mTy]≤XnsIm- p˛

t±in°p∂Xv. kmlnXykn≤m¥ßƒ, `mjm[yb\w, \nL- phn⁄m\w,

`mjmNcnXw XpSßnb hn⁄m\imJIfn¬ Adhp- mIm≥ Cu kmam\y]cn˛

Nbw A\nhmcyamWv.

bq\n‰v H∂v : kmam\yXXzßƒ

1) `mj : \n¿hN\w ˛ `mjmimkvXw F∂m¬ F¥v

2) `mjbpw `mjWhpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkßƒ

3) `mjsb B\phwinIhpw (Geneological) I£ym]chpw (Typological Bbn

h¿KoIcn°p∂Xns‚ XXzw ˛ DZmlcWßƒ

4) kz\w apX¬ A¿∞w hsc kz\ ]Inb (Phonology hymIcWw

(Grammar) tImiw (Laxicon) A¿Yw (Semantics hymIcW hnNmcØn¬

cq]hn⁄m\Øns‚bpw (morphology) hmIyhn⁄m\Øns‚bpw

(Syntax) ]k‡n

5) `mjm]KY\coXnIƒ. GIImenIw (Synhronics) _lpImenIw

(Diachronic) hyXntcImflIw (contrastive)

6) `mjbpw a\pjyhy‡nbpsS hf¿®bpw ˛ inip`mj ˛ hnhn[

L´ßƒ

bq\n‰ v c- v. kz\hn⁄m\hpw (Phonetics) kz\nahn⁄m\hpw (Phonemics

1. aq∂p¬∏ncnhpIƒ. ihWmkv]Zw (auditory) kz\`uXnIw (acoustic)

Ahbhmkv]Zw (articulatory)

2. kz\w (Phone) \n¿hN\w ˛ `mjW]Yw (speech tract hnhcWw,

`mjtWm¬]mZ\w kzchpw hy⁄\hpw ˛ AhbpsS h¿KoIcWw,

am\kzcßƒ (cardinal vowels) eo\[z\nIƒ (suprasegmental features)

3. kz\naw (Phoneme) \n¿N\ßƒ

4. hyXybw (contrast) (complementation]qcIXzw D]kz\w (allomorphs)

20

5. aebmfØnse kz\naßƒ

6. A£cw (syllable) A£csØ°pdn®p≈ hnhn[ kn≤m¥ßƒ

bpWn‰ v aq∂v. cq]nahn⁄m\hpw (morphology) hmIyhn⁄m\hpw (syntax)

1. cq]naw (morphopheme) \n¿hN\w, \n¿ÆbcoXnIƒ

2. D]cq]ßƒ (allomorphs) kz\nam[njvTnXw (Phonologically conditioned)

cp]nam[njvTnXw (morphologically conditioned)

3. cp]naßfpsS Xct`Zw˛ [mXp (root) ]IrXn (stem) ]Xybw (affix)

]Zw. (world)

4. ]Xybhn`mKßƒ ˛ ]pc]Xybw (prefix) ]c]Xybw, A¥]Xybw (infix)

5. cp]kn≤n (inflexion) \njv]mZ\w (derivation) Ch XΩnep≈ hyXymkßƒ

6. hmIyhn⁄m\Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

7. LS\mflI kao]\w (structural approach)

8. ]P\I (generative) kao]\w ˛ hnhn[ cnXnIƒ

9. aebmfØnse hmIycoXnIƒ (sentence types)

bq\n‰v \mev --- `mjmt`Zhn⁄m\hpw (dialectology)

kw]P\\hpw (convergence)

1. `mjmbnep≈ hyXymkßƒ ˛ Imew, tZiw, kaqlÿnXn, hy‡n`mj

(idiolect) `mjmt`Zw (dialect) `mj (language

2. am\Iw (standard) am\tIXcw (non-standard) `mjbnse ]mtZioIhpw

(regional) kmaqlnIhpamb hyXymßƒ

3. ka`mjmwi koamtcJ (isogloss) `mjmt`Z`q]Sw (dialect map) \n¿Ωn°p∂

coXn `qcSØnse taJeIƒ ; tIµtaJe (focal area) AhinjvStaJe

(relic area) kwIaW taJe (transition area)

4. kmaplnI`mjmimkvXw (sociolinguistics) ]k‡nbp e£yhpw

5. `mjmkwhP\hpw `mjmt£Xhpw (linguistic area) C¥y F∂

`mjmt£XØns‚ khntijXIƒ

bpWn‰ v A©v _lpImenI `mjmimkvXw (diachromic linguistic)

1. `mjm]cnWmacoXnIƒ kz\naw, hymIcWw, A¿∞w Cßs\

F√mØcØn epap≈ ]cnWmaßƒ

2. `mjm]cnWmatlXp°ƒ kz\]cnWmaw (sound change) BZm\w (borrowing)

21

kZri Iev]\ (analogy)

3. kz\\nbaßƒ ( phonetic laws) Ahbv°p- mIp∂ A]hmZßƒ ˛

BZm\wsIm- pw kZri Iev]\sIm- pw

4. IpSpw_hr£w (family tree) XcwKkn≤m¥w (wave theory)

5. ]p\:krjvSn (reconstruction) B¥cnI ]p\:krjvSn, (Internal reconstruction),

_mly]p\:krjvSn (external reconstruction)

klmbIKŸßƒ

1. `mjmimkvXhnthIw ˛ sI.Fw.]`mIchmcnb¿

2. `mjmKthjWw ˛ sI. Ip©pÆncmPm

3. kz\hn⁄m\w ˛ hn.B¿.]t_m[N¥≥ \mb¿

4. kz\nahn⁄m\w ˛ sI.Fw.]`mIchmcnb¿

5. hmIyLS\ ˛ C.hn. F≥.\ºqXncn

6. t\mwtNmwkvIn ˛ thWptKm]me]Wn°¿

7. `mjmt`Zhn⁄m\w ˛ tkmatiJc≥\mb¿

8. kmaqlnI`mjmimkvXw ˛ DjmºqXncn∏mSv

9. Collected Papers – Emeneau

10. Aspects of Language – D.Bohinger

11. A Course in Modern Linguistics – C.F.Hockett

12. Language & Linguistics – J.Lyons

13. An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics – Gleasan

14. Modern Linguistics – S.K.Verma & Krishnamurti

15. Sociolinguistics – Peter Frudgill

22


c- mw ska-Ã¿

MAL2C05 B[p-\nI kmlnXyw ˛2

tIm¿ tImgvkv 5 sIUn‰v 4

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m- ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤w Bcw- n-®-tXmsS ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬

Bi-b-Øn-t‚bpw Bhnjv°m-c-Øn-t‚bpw `mhp-I-Øn-t‚bpw Xe-ßƒ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-

hn-t[-b-ambn .Im-ev]-\n-IX ]nt∂bpw Xßn-\n-s∂-¶nepw AXn-\p-hn-cp-≤-amb ]h-W-

X-Ifpw hf¿∂p-h-∂p. Bi-b-]-chpw inev]-c-N-\m-]-c-hp-amb \ho-\-X-Iƒ kmln-Xy-

Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´p . ]pXnb ]co-£-W-ßfpw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb cq]-in-ev]-ßfpw

hn`m-a-I-amb ]ta-b-L-S\-Ifpw ]mc-º-cy- -RvP-I-amb `mjm-ssi-en-Iepw Ah-X-cn-

®p. \mtSm-Sn-°-e-Ifpw NnX-I-e, kn\na XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS kt¶-X-ßfpw cmjvSob

kmaq-lnI ]Xy-b-im-kvX-ßfpw kmln-Xy-Øn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øn. cN-\m-co-Xn-

I-fnepw kwth-Z-\-Ønepw `mhp-I-Xz-Ønepw kw -hn® CØcw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw hna¿i-\-_p-≤n-tbmsS ]Tn-°m-\pw DX-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ kne-_v

Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ IrXn-Iƒ

bqWn‰v H∂v ˛ IhnX

1 IÆo¿∏mSw : sshtem-∏n≈n io[-c-ta-t\m≥

2 s\√p-Ip-Øp-Imcn ]mdp-hns‚ IY : CS-t»cn tKmhn-µ≥ \mb¿

3 ]g-b-]m´v : F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿

4 s]¨Ip™v "90 : kpK-X-Ip-amcn

5 HSn-®p-a-S-°nb BImiw : sI.Pn .i-¶-c-∏n≈

6 amfan√mØ ]mºv : F. Aø-∏≥

7 Irjn-KoX : kn .Fkv .P-b-N-µ≥

bqWn‰v c- v ˛t\m-h¬

23

1 XÍw : tImhn-e≥

2 Nmshmen : DØ-a≥

bqWn‰v aq∂v ˛ \mSIw , Xnc-°Y

1 ku]¿ÆnI : \tc-µ-]-kmZv

2 tImkv s_¬‰v : F≥.-F≥. ]n≈

3 s]cp-¥-®≥ : Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿

bqWn‰v \mev ˛sN-dp-IY

1 cp‹n-Wn-s°mcp ]mh-°pń : am[-hn-°pń

2 Z¬ln 1981 : Fw .ap-Ip-µ≥

3 H‰-hm-Xn¬ : kt¥mjv G®n-°m\w

bqWn‰v A©v ˛\n-cq-]Ww

1 Imhyhpw a\x-im-kvXhpw : Fw.sI .km\p (Im-hy-X-Øz-]-th-in-I)

2 ]pXnb \ncq-]-Whpw ]pXn-b-ho-£-Whpw: Fw.-F≥.-hn-P-b≥ (I-hn-X-bpsS

temI-]-Zw)

3 ]cn-Xy-‡-cpsS cmjvSobw : k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (\m-ep-sI-ńs‚ X®p-im-kvXw)

4 ]pXnb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ : ]n.sI .cm-P-ti-J-c≥ ( GIm-¥-\-K-c-ßƒ)

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-km-lnXy NcnXw ˛ tUm.Fw eoem-hXn

2. CS-t»-cn-°-hnX ˛ FUn: tUm.-I-h-Sn-bm¿ cma-N-µ≥

24

3. IhniobpsS Ih-\-Ie ˛ tUm,-sjm¿Æq¿ Im¿Øn-tI-b≥

4. tImhn-es‚ hgn-Iƒ ˛ Fkv.-\-Po_v

5. Ihnbpw Ihn-Xbpw ˛ ]n. \mcm-b-W-°p-dp-∏v.

6. amdp∂ ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥.

7. ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n≈

8. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS a[ym”w ˛ B¿ .\tc-µ-]-kmZv

9. sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ tUm.-Fw.-Fw.-_-jo¿

10. IYbpw Xnc-°-Ybpw ˛ tUm.-B¿.-hn-.Fw.Zn-hm-I-c≥

11. kn\n-a-bpsS temIw ˛ ASq¿ tKm]m-e-IrjvW≥.

12. Ne-®n-X-k-ao£ ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥.

13. kn\na ˛k-Xyhpw anYybpw ˛ tXm´w cmP-ti-J-c≥

14. \mSIw thtWm \mSIw ˛ F≥.-F≥. ]n≈

15. IY Imew t]mse ˛ F≥ .i-in-[-c≥.

25

Fw F ae-bmfw `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

ska-Ã¿ 2

MAL2C06 kmlnXykn≤m-¥-ßƒ


`mc-Xo-bhpw ]m›m-Xy-hp-amb kmln-Xy-kn-≤m-¥-ßfn¬ ][m-\-s∏-´-h-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-

\y-[m-c-W-bp-- m-°p-I-bmWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw

bqWn‰v H∂v

Ihn ,k-lr-Z-b≥ , Imhy-kz-cq-]w, Imhy-tl-Xp, Imhy-]-tbm-P\w F∂nh kw_-‘n®v ]ap-J-

cmb ]mNo\me-¶m-cn-I-∑m-cpsS aX-ßƒ . `mal≥ ,D-Zv -S≥ , cpZ-S≥ , F∂n-h-cpsS Ae-¶m-c-kn-

≤m-¥w.B\-µ-h¿≤-\s‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ Ae-¶m-c-ßƒ°p≈ ÿm\w . ˛ KpW-ßfpw coXnbpw

`ma-ls‚ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ ˛ ZWvUn-bpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ ˛hm-a-\s‚ coXn kn≤m¥w ,co-Xn-bpsS

A]-Nbw aΩ-Ss‚Imhy-]-Im-i-Øn¬.

bqWn‰v c- v

ckkn≤m¥w ˛ -c-Xs‚ k¶-ev]w˛ `ma-l≥, hma-\-≥ XpS-ßnb ]mNo\me-¶m-cn-I-∑m-cpsS

ho£WØn¬ck-Øn\v Imhy-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w˛ [z\n-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ ck-Øn-\p≈ ]m[m\yw ˛c-

k-kqXw ˛hn-hn[ hymJym-\-ßƒ ˛[z\nkn≤m¥w, i_vZ-hym-]mcßƒ ˛ [z\n-bpsS e£Ww

,hn-`m-K-ßƒ ˛ KpWo-`q-X-hyw-Kyw˛ NnX-Imhyw ˛ aln-a- -´s‚ A\p-am-\-kn-≤m¥w ,Ip-¥-I-s‚

htIm‡n kn≤m¥w , t£ta-µs‚ HuNnXy kn≤m¥w F∂n-h-bpsS kmam\y ]cn-Nbw

bqWn‰v aq∂v

( F) `mjm-`q-j-W-Ønse Ae-¶m-c-]-I-cWw ˛ Ae-¶m-c-ß-fpsS e£-Ww, DZm-l-cWw ,Xm-c-

Xayw

(_n) hrØ-imkvXw ˛Xm-f-inev]w AYhm hrØw Imhy-`m-j-bpsS A¿∞-]-P-\-\-ti-jn°v

klm-b-I-am-hp-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂p a\-n-em-°Ww .hrØw Hcp Ae-¶m-c-am-sW∂ aln-a- -´-a-X-

Øns‚ HuNnXyw ]cn-Nn-¥n-°pI

hrØ-a-RvP-cnsb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hrØ-ßƒ ]Tn-°Ww

kwkvIr-X-hr-Ø-ßƒ ˛ A\p-jvSp∏v ,h-‡w, Bcy,-Ko-Xn, Cµ-hP ,D-t]-µ-hP ,D-]-Pm-Xn,

ctYm-≤-X, imen\n , hwiÿw, Cµ-hwi ,tXm-SIw ,`p-Pw-K-]-bmXw , aRvPp-`m-jnWn ,h-k-¥-

Xn-eIw ,C-µp-h-Z\ , am-en\n , ]©-Nm-acw , aµm-Im¥ , Ipkp-a-a-RvPcn ,hn-tbm-Kn\n , hk-

¥-am-enI , ]pjv]n-XmK , im¿±q-e-hn-Io-UnXw , kKv≤c

26

`mjm-hr-Ø-ßƒ ˛ ImIfn ,a-RvPcn , ZpX-Im-Ifn , If-Im©n ,a-Wn-Im©n ,tI-I, \tXm-∂X

˛\mtSmSn hrØ-˛-Xm-f-˛-hm-bvØm-cn-I-fpsS kmam\y ]cn-Nbw

B[p-\nIae-bm-f-I-hn-X-I-fnse hrØhpw Xmf-hpw.

bqWn‰v \mev

]m›mXy kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ˛b-h-\-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i-\w˛ πmt‰m-bpsS A\p-I-c-W-kn-≤m¥w

, AcntÃm´nens‚ Zpc-¥-\m-S-I-Z¿i\w ,Im-ev]-\nI Imhy-kn-≤m¥w ˛ thUvkvh¿Øv ,tIm-fvdn-

UvPv˛

`mh-\bpw Iev]-\bpw tSmƒtÃm-bn, tImt® ,Sn. Fkv .F-en-b‰v ,sF.F.dn®m¿Uv F∂n-h-cpsS

kmln-Xykn-≤m-¥-ßƒ˛B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmln-Xy-k-ao-]-\-ßƒ˛ LS-\m-hmZw ,Nn-”-imkvXw

,A-]-\n¿Ωm-Ww,-kvXo-]-£-k-ao-]\w

bqWn‰v A©v

tZio-ku-µ-cy-imkvXw (Ethno aesthetics )

1. BZn-hmkn kuµ-cy-imkvXw ˛B-Zn-hm-kn-∏m-´p-Iƒ ˛B-Zn-hmkn IYm-Jym-\-ßƒ-˛-B-Zn-hmkn

\rØ-ßƒ,

]Xo-I-ßfpw kuµ-cy-k-¶-ev]-ßfpw ˛ hwio-b-kw-Ko-Xw-˛-tKm-X-h¿§-tem-I-ho-£-W-ßƒ

2. \mtSmSn kuµ-cy-imkvXw ˛\m-tSm-Sn-∏m-´p-I-fpsS kuµcyw ˛N-a-b-ß-fpsS Ie, If-sa-gp-Øns‚

kuµ-cy-imkvXw˛ \mtSmSn \rØ-ßƒ ˛A-\p-jvTm-\-cw-K-I-e-Iƒ , ssIth-e-bpsS kuµ-cy-k-¶-

ev]-ßƒ, \mtSm-Sn-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ kuµ-cy-imkvXw.

3. Xangv Imhy-imkvXw ˛kw-L-Imekm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ kuµ-cy-k-¶-ev]-ßƒ ˛ s]mcp-f-Xn-Imcw

˛sF-¥n-W- bpsS Imhy-imkvXw ˛ D≈p-cbpw kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-Whpw ˛]-cnÿnXn emh-Wy-

imkvXw

27

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. `mc-Xo-b-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w ˛ tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANy-X-\p-Æn.

2. coXn-Z¿i\w ˛ tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANy-X-\p-Æn

3. `mc-Xo-b-Im-hy-imkvXw ˛ tUm.-Sn. `mkv°-c≥.

4. `mc-Xo-b-Im-hy-imkvXkmcw ˛th-Z-_-‘p.

5. Imhy-Nn¥ ˛ tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANy-X-\p-Æn

6. kmln-Xy-ao-amwk ˛Xm-c-X-ay-]-cn-t]£yw ˛ tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANy-X-\p-Æn

7. kmln-Xy-`q-jWw ˛Ip-´n-°r-jvW-am-cm¿

8. bh-\-Im-hy-X-Øz-ßƒ ˛ th-Z-_-‘p.

9. ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w ˛Fw ANyp-X≥

10. ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-XyXØz-imkvXw ˛sI.-Fw.-X-c-I≥

11. Imhy ao-amwk ]uc-kvXyhpw ]m›m-Xyhpw ˛F≥. B¿. tKm]n-\m-Y-∏n-≈.

12. B[p-\n-I-a-e-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse kvXo]-£-k-ao-]-\-ßƒ ˛ tUm.]n KoX

13. C¥y≥ kmln-Xy-kn≤m¥w ]k-‡nbpw km≤y-Xbpw ˛tUm.sI .A-ø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿

14. Imth‰w ,\m-S≥I-em-]-T-\-ßƒ ˛tUm. kn. B¿. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ (\m-´-dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-µw,-

Xriq¿)

15. ssZhØmbv ˛ hnP-b-Ip-am¿ tat\m≥

16. tKmX-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ ˛ ˛tUm. kn. B¿. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ (\m-´-dn-hp-]-T-\-tI-µw,-Xriq¿)

17. Iebpw hnZybpw ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS ˛ hn .Fw .Ip-´n-°r-jvW-ta-t\m≥.

18. kmln-Xy-temIw .\m-´p-ku-µ-cy-hgn F∂ ]tXyI ]Xn∏v 2004 P\p-h-cn-˛-s^-_p-hcn .

19. An introduction to Indian Poetics – ( Ed. V.Raghavan & Narendran.

20. History of Sanskrit Poetics – S.K.De

21. Theory of Literature – Rene Wellek & Austin Worren

22. A History of Modern Criticism - Rene Wellek

23. 20th

Century Literary Criticism –Major Statements- Ed. Hardy & West

24. Modern Criticism & Theory –David Lodge

25. The Beginning Theory – Peter Barry.

28


ska-Ã¿ 2

MAL2C07 am-[y-a-]-T\w


bqWn‰v 1

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-ßƒ ˛ hnhn[ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab amXr-I-Iƒ˛

Ah-bpsS kº-Zm-b-hpw kz`m-hhpw ˛_-lp-P\am[yaw ˛\n¿∆-N\w s]mXp-P-\-ßp-fp-am-bp≈

_‘w ˛am-[y-a-[¿Ωw ˛ am[y-a-hn-`m-K-ßƒ ˛ am[yahna¿i\w Db¿Øp∂ km[y-X-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 2 ]X-am-[yaw

]X-am-[yaw ˛N-cnXw ˛a-e-bm-f-]-X-]-h¿Ø-\-N-cnXw ˛ BZy-Im-e-]-X-ß-fpsS s]mXp-kz-`mhw

˛hm¿Øm-]-Xn-I-I-fn¬ \n∂v amkn-I-I-fn-te°pw k¿§m-flI kmln-Xy-Øn-te-°p-ap≈ hf¿®˛

]X-`m-j, -]-X-]-h¿Ø-\-w˛ dnt∏m¿´nwKv

FUn-‰nwKv ,A-®-Sn˛ ]X-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ cq]-L-S\ ˛ B[p-\n-Io-I-cWw -]-X-]-h¿Ø-\-taJ-e-

bn¬˛ sk≥tk-j-W¬ -]-X-]-h¿Ø-\-w(yellow journalism) ˛

]c-ky-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w ˛s]m-^-j-W-en-khpw hmWn-Py-h-ev°-c-Whpw ˛]-X-[¿Ω-Øn¬\n-

∂p≈ hyXn-N-e\w ˛km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS ]tbm-K-ßƒ ˛t^m-t´m-tP¿W-enkw

bqWn‰v 3 Ce-IvtSm-WnIv am[y-a-ßƒ

tdUntbm ˛im-hy-am-[y-a-Øns‚ km[y-X-Ifpw ]cn-an-XnIfpw ˛tdUntbm kwt]-£-W-Øns‚

NcnXw ˛hn-⁄m-\-˛-hn-t\m-Z-ta-J-eI-fn-te°p≈Nph-Sp-shbv∏v ˛ td-Untbm am[yaw _lp-P-\-

ß-fn¬ D- m-°nb kzm[o\w

sSen-hnj≥˛ Zriy-am-[ya kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS hn]vfhw ˛sS-en-hn-j≥ kwt]-£-W-Øns‚

NcnXw X’-ab kwt]-£Ww ˛ kocn-b-ep-Iƒ ,hn-⁄m-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ,

]c-ky-ßƒ, Sn.-hn.-tP¿W-enkw ˛ ÃpUntbm k÷o-I-c-W-ßƒ˛ hoUn-tbm-Km-^n-˛-F-Un-‰nwKv ,

kwt]-£Ww

bqWn‰v 4 ssk_¿hy-h-lmcw

Bi-b-hn-\n-abcwKØv Iºyq-´¿ hn]vfhw ˛ hnh-c-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy˛ kwhm-Zm-fl-I-hn-\n-a-

bhpw C‚¿s\‰pw ˛C-e-IvtSm-WnIv sse_-dn-Iƒ (sh-_vssk‰v ) hn⁄m\w ,hn-hcw .hn-

29

t\mZw ˛ C sabn¬,C hmWnPyw , C ]_vfn-jnwKv ˛ _vtfmKp-Ifpw Bhn-jv°m-c-km-[y-X-Ifpw ˛

tkmjy¬ s\‰v h¿°v ( Hm¿°q-´v, Szn‰¿, t^kv_p°v XpS-ßn-bh )N¿®m-th-Zn-Iƒ ˛ ]mtZ-inI

`mj-I-fpsS km∂n[yw C‚¿s\-‰n¬ ˛ kzX-¥-tkm-^v‰v shb-dp-Ifpw IpØI tkm-^v‰v shb-dp-

Ifpw

bqWn‰v 5 Ne-®n-X-am-[yaw

kn\n-a-bpsS NcnXw ˛ ae-bm-f-kn-\n-a-bpsS hf¿®˛ \h-kn-\na ˛ k-am¥ckn-\na˛

tUmIyp-sa‚dn ˛km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ]e-Xcw A\p-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛tem-I-kn-\n-a-bpsS

kzm[o\w ˛ t\mh¬, IY, IhnX F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v cq]w sIm- kn\n-a-Iƒ.kn\n-a-bpsS `mj

˛Xn-c-°-Ym-c-N\ ˛kn-\n-a°v kaq-l-Øn-ep≈ kzm[o\w ˛kn-\n-am-]-T-\-ß-fpsS ]k‡n.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ

1 ˛ ae-bmf ]X-]-h¿Ø-\-N-cnXw ˛ ]pXp-∏≈n cmL-h≥

2 ˛ A temIw apX¬ C temIw hsc ˛ hnf-\new

3 ˛ C≥^¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn ˛ tUm.A-NypXv i¶¿

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1 . am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xyhpw ˛Fw .hn. tXmakv

2 . hm¿Ø (3hmeyw) ˛tPmbn Xncp-aq-e-]pcw

3 . ssk_¿a-e-bmfw ˛ FUn ,Sn.hn kp\o-X.

4 . ]X-`mj ˛ ]kv A°m-Zan

5 . ]X-ßƒ hnNn-X-ßƒ˛ sI .]n. hnP-b≥

6 . sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿W-enkw ˛ hn. cmP-tKm-]m¬

7 . ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ a[p Cd-h-¶c

8 . kn\n-a-bpsS hgn-bn¬ ˛ sF.-j¨ap-J-Zmkv

9 . Ne-®nX kao£ ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

10. Iw]vfo‰v Iºyq-´¿ _p°v ˛ h¿°n ]´n-a‰w

11 . Mass Communication in India – Keval J.Kumar

12 . Internet for Everyone – Alexis Leon,Mathews Leon

13 . Internet – David Gosselin

14 .The Subject of Cinema – Gaston Roberge

15. The Television Handbook – Patricia Holland

16 . The Oxford Guide to Film Studies - Ed. John Hills , Pameela Church Gibson

30


ska-Ã¿ 2

MAL2C08 t^mIvtemdpw tIc-fo-b-I-e-Ifpw

tIm¿ tImgvk 8 sIUn‰v 4

bqWn‰v 1 t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ ]k‡n

t^mIvtem¿˛ hyXykvX \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ ˛\-c-hw-iimkvX]c-amb \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ ˛A-

e≥U≥Un-kv,Um≥s_≥ Btamkv , dn®m¿Uv t_ma≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ˛ hn`m-K-

ßƒ ˛h¿§o-I-cWw ˛C-X-c-hn-j-b-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w ˛km-ln-Xyw, \c-hw-i-im-kvXw, `mjm-

imkvXw , kmaq-ly-imkvXw , a\x-imkvXw . ˛ t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ e£yhpw

]k‡nbpw ˛ Iq´m-bvasb Xncn-®-dn-bp-I. t^mIvtem¿ F∂-B-i-b-hn-\n-a-tbm-]m-[nsb hni-I-e-

\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I.-Iq-´m-bva-bpsS

kzXz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-jWw ˛B-tKm-f-h-ev°-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw \h-sIm-tfm-Wn-b-en-k-Øn-

s‚bpw Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ Cu At\z-j-W-Øn-\p≈ ]k-‡n.

bqWn‰v 2 t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

BZy-Imet^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ˛ D¤hkn≤m-¥-ßƒ˛ amIvkvap-≈¿ , B≥Up-

emMv , ss^-k¿,Kow Ch-cpsS kn≤m-¥-ßƒ˛Imte-hme t^mIvtem¿ kn≤m-¥-

ßƒ˛t^mIvtemdnkw˛

]bp‡ t^mIvtem¿˛ t^mIvtemdn\p-h-cp∂ am‰-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w ˛\m-K-cnI

t^mIvtem¿˛

\h t^mIvtem¿.

bqWn‰v 3 hmsam-gn-h-g-°-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

hmsamgn ]mc-ºcyw ˛N-cnXw ˛kz-`mhw ˛tI-c-f-Ønse hmsamgn hg-°-ßƒ˛

]pcm-hrØw ,sFXnlyw ,\m-tSmSn ^enXw , A\p- -h-I-Y-Iƒ ,I-S-¶Y ,]-g-s©m√v,

31

\mS≥ ]m´p-Iƒ ,I-Ym-Km-\-ß¬ , A\p-jvTm\w ,BNmcw ,\mS≥ Ifn-Iƒ ,\m-tSmSn BtLm-j-

ßƒ, kmwkv°m-cn-tIm-]m-Zm-\-ßƒ, D]-I-c-W-ßƒ , \m-tSmSn aXw , a¥-hmZw , hnizm-k-ßƒ

XpS-ßn-bh

bqWn‰v 4 tIc-f-Ønse ]I-S-\-I-em-]m-c-ºcyw

tIc-fob Ie-Iƒ ˛]-I-S-\-kz-`mhw ˛km-am-\ymhtemI\w ˛ tKmX-h¿§ Ie , \mS≥ Ie,

¢mknIv Ie ,P\-Io-b-Ie Ch-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ˛ A`n-\b Ie-Iƒ˛ A`ymk Ie-Iƒ

˛cwK Ie-Iƒ˛h¿§o-I-cWw˛ hni-I-e\w ˛ A\p-jvTm\cwK Ie-Iƒ˛sXøw, Xnd, apSn-tb‰v , ]S-

b-Wn, Imfn-bq-´v,`mc-X-°fn , apX-em-bh ˛ A\p-jvTmt\Xc \mS-I-ßƒ ˛Nm-en-b-s∏m-dm´v ,ko-X-

Ifn ,ko-X-°-fn, s]mdm´v \mSIw tXm¬∏m-h-°qØv ,Im-°-c»n \mSIw , Nhn-´p-\m-SIw apX-em-

bh ˛ B´-cq-]-ßƒ˛apSn-bm´w , tNmSp-I-fn, \mtSm-Sn-\rØw , BZn-hmkn \rØ-ßƒ ,a-

∂m≥IqØv , KmaoW \rØ-ßƒ

bqWn‰v 5 tIc-fob ¢mknIv Ie-Ifpw P\-Iob Iem-cq-]-ßfpw.

IqØv , IqSn-bm´w , IrjvW-\m´w , cma-\m´w , IY-Ifn , Xp≈¬ , ]mTIw XpS-ßn-bh

.Npa¿®nXIe , hmkvXp-inev]w , tkm]m-\-kw-KoXw , IY-Ifn kwKoXw , tamln-\n-bm´w ,

ssI-sIm-´n-°fn , tIm¬°fn , kwKoX \mSIw , am∏n-f-∏m´v , IWym¿I-fn, ]cn-N-ap-´p-Ifn XpS-

ßn-bh ˛ taf-I-e-Iƒ ˛]-©mcn tafw , ]©-hmZyw

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. t^mIvtem¿˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

2. t^mIvtem¿˛k¶-ev]-ßfpw kt¶-X-ßfpw ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv.

3. t^mIvtemdn\v Hcp ]T-\-]-≤Xn ˛cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv.

4. tIcf t^mIvtem¿ ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv.

5. sXøhpw tXm‰w ]m´pw ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv.

6. t^mIvtemdpw ae-bm-f-\m-S-Ihpw ˛ tUm.F¬. tXmakv Ip´n

7. t^mIvtem¿, P\pv , kn≤m¥w , cmjvSobw ˛ tUm.-sI. Fw. A\n¬.

8. t^mIvtem¿ \nL- p ˛ tUm. Fw .hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xn-cn.

9. \mtSmSn hn⁄m-]-\-Øn\v Hcp apJ-hpc ˛ tUm. Fw .hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xn-cn.

10. \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\obw ˛ tUm. Fw .hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xn-cn.

11. am¥n-I-hn-Zybpw a¥-hm-Z-∏m-´p-Ifpw ˛ tUm. Fw .hn. hnjvWp-\-ºq-Xn-cn.

32

12. tIc-f-Ønse \mS≥ Ie-Iƒ ˛ tUm. F.sI \ºym¿.

13. \mtSmSn Zriy-I-em-kq-NnI ˛ tIc-f-kw-Ko-X-\m-SI A°m-Z-an.

14. \h-\m-´-c-ßn\v Hcm-´-]-Imcw ˛ tUm.F¬. tXmakv Ip´n.

15. B´-°-Ym-km-lnXyw ˛ s]m^. Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ.

16. IY-Ifn hn⁄m-\-tImiw ˛ s]m^. Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ.

17. am∏nf t^mIvtem¿ ˛ s]m^. _n.ap-l-ΩZv Al-ΩZv .

18. ]I-S-\-Km-\-ß-fpsS BJym-\-ku-µ-cy-imkvXw ˛ tUm.F≥.A\n¬ Ipam¿

19. ae-bm-f-apZ ˛ hn. Iem-[-c≥.

20. tIc-fo-b-X-bpsS \m´-dnhv ˛ Un.-kn. _pIvkv

21. s]mdm´p \mS-Ihpw a‰pw ˛ Pn .`m¿§-h≥ ]n≈ .

22. apSn-tb‰v ˛ NpΩm¿ Nq- ¬

23. IdpØ Ie-Iƒ ˛ NpΩm¿ Nq- ¬.

24. tIcfkwKoXw ˛ tIcf `mjm-C≥Ãn-‰yq´v .

25. tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn \mS-Ißƒ. ˛tUm. Fkv. sI . \mb¿.

26. Interpriting Folklore – Alan Dundus.

27. Folklore and Folklife – Richard M Dorson

28. Folklore around the world – (Pub ) Newyork Kennikal Press

29. FolkPlays And Dances of kerala . M.D. Raghavan

30. Current Trends in Folklore – Jawaharlal Handoo.

33

Fw.F ae-bmfw `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

skaÃ¿ 3

Kth-j-W-Øns‚ coXn-imkvXw

tIm¿ tImgvkv 9 (MAL3C09)

sIUn-‰v-˛4

]T\ e£y-ßƒ

1. hn⁄m-\m-t\-jz-W-Øn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ A`n-cpNn hf¿Øp-I.

2. hn⁄m\ \n¿ΩnXn-bnepw Nn¥m-hy-h-lm-c-Ønepw Ahsc ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-I

kbp‡nI Nn¥m-]-≤Xn hnI-kn-∏n-°pI

3. Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

4. Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-ß-fn¬ [mc-W-bp-- -m°p-I.

5. Kth-j-W coXn-imkvXw Ah-ew-_n®p Kth-j-W ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈

]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w e`y-am-°pI

6. hn-tij ]T-\-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-ØpI

7. kaql ]ptcm-K-Xnbv°v D]-bp-‡-amIpw hn[w KthW taJe Imcy-£-a-am-tI-- -Xns‚

]m[m\yw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-I.

8. `mj. kmln-Xyw. Ie, \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o-bw,-]p-cm-hkvXp hn⁄m-\o-bw,

l-kvX-en-JnX hn⁄m-\o-bw ]T-\-ta-J-e, en]n hn⁄m-\o-bw XpS-ßnb ssh⁄m-\nI

taJe-I-fn¬ Kth-jWw sNøp-∂-Xn\v hntij ]cn-io-e\w e`y-am-°pI

9. ]_‘ cN-\-bn¬ ]tbm-KnI ]cn-⁄m\w e`y-am-°pI

bqWn‰v H∂v

1. Kth-jWw

* ]Z-\n-jv]Øn, \n¿h-N\w , e£yw

34

2. ⁄m\hpw hn⁄m\hpw ˛ hn⁄m\ \n¿∆N\w

3. kn≤m-¥-h-Xv°-cWw

4. Kth-jW kqXw

5. hn⁄m\ hn`m-K-ßƒ

* ip≤ hn⁄m\hpw ]mtbm-KnI hn⁄m-\hpw , ]IrXn hn⁄m-\hpw kmaq-

lnI hn⁄m-\hpw, bm-Ym-XYnI hn⁄m-\hpw am\-InI hn⁄m-\hpw,

am-\-hnI hn⁄m-\hpw imkvXhpw , Aim-kvXob kao-]-\-co-Xn-Iƒ

6. Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ]tbmP-\hpw ]cnan-Xn-Ifpw

7. Kth-j-I\pw Kth-j-WØn\pw D- m-bn-cn-t°- KpWßƒ

bqWn‰v c- v

1. Kth-j-W-Øns‚ L´-ßƒ

* hnjbw sXc-s™-Sp-°epw ka-I-c-Whpw, Kth-j-W- cq]-I-ev]\ ,

]q¿h ]T-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

2. ZØ tiJ-cWw (data collection)

Kth-j-I\pw Bth-Z-I\p, aWvU-ehrØn (field work), A`n-apJw ˛

hnhn[A`n-apJcoXn-Iƒ, kmt¶-XnI hnZy-I-fpsS ]tbmKw

3. h¿Ko-I-c-Ww ˛ hnhn[ h¿Ko-I-c-W coXn-Iƒ

4. hyh-ÿo-I-cW ]≤-Xn-Iƒ, kmt¶XnI ]≤Xn ,bp‡y-[n-jvTnX ]≤Xn

5. ]cn-I-ev]\ (Hypothesis)

F¥mWv ]cn-I-ev]\˛ imkvXnb ]cn-I-ev]\Iƒ°v D- m-bn-cn-t°- KpW-ßƒ ,

\n¿Æm-bI ]co-£Ww , ]cn-I-ev]\bpsS km[pX

bqWn‰v aq∂v

1. A]-K-Y\ coXn-Iƒ

* BK-a\w˛ \mep-L-´-ßƒ, BK-a-\-tZm-j-ßƒ

* \nK-a\w ˛\nK-a\hpw X¿°-imkvX hn[n-Ifpw, \nK-a\tZmj-ßƒ

* BK-a\ \nK-a\ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw

2. \nco-£-Whpw ]co-£Whpw

* \nco-£-Whpw \nco-£-WtZmj-ßfpw

* ]co-j-Whpw ]co-j-WØn\p≈ ta∑-Ifpw

3. \n¿h-N\w

* Pm-Xn,- D-]-PmXn, Ah-t—ZIw

* \n¿h-N\ \nb-a-ßƒ

* \n¿h-N\ `mj

* \n¿h-N\t`Z-ßƒ

4. X¿°-im-kvXm-h-ew-_-ßƒ ˛ Xm¿°n-I-⁄m-\hpw Kth-j-Whpw

* `mc-Xob X¿°-im-kvX ]am-W-ßƒ

35

jUvZ¿i-\-ßƒ , kqX kz`mhw ,A\p-_-‘-N-Xp-jvSbw

* Imc-Whpw Imcyhpw

ImcW \n¿h-N\w , Imc-W -_-lp-Xz-kn-≤m¥w ,`mh-`mh kml-N-cy-ßƒ,

Imc-W- Imcy_‘-Øns‚ ]k‡n

* ]Zm¿∞ hn`P\w

Zhyw, KpWw , I¿Ωw , kmam\yw ,hntijw ,ka-hmbw , A`mhw

* ]am-W-ßƒ

]Xy£w , A\p-am\w , D]-am\w , i_vZw.

bqWn‰v \mev

kmlnXy Kth-j-Whpw `mjm-K-th-j-Whpw

1. kmlnXy Kth-j-Ww

_mly Kth-j-Ww, B`y-¥c Kth-j-Ww, Xmc-Xay kmln-Xy-]-T\w, ]mT hna¿i\w ˛

aqe-]mT ]p\x-krjvSn ,\nK-a-\hpw aqey-\n¿Æ-b-\hpw, kwkvIm-c-]-T\ taJ-e-Iƒ

2. `mj Kth-j-Ww

]T-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ, kao-]-\-co-Xn-Iƒ ˛ hnh-c-Wm-flIw ˛ BK-anIw ˛ hyXn-tc-Im-flIw˛

LS-\m-flIw

3. CXc hn⁄m\ imJ-Iƒ°p≈ ]k‡n

4. `mjm Kth-j-WsØ kw_-‘n® ]k‡ XØzßƒ

bqWn‰v A©v

]_‘ cN\

1. BIm-cW kma-Kn-Iƒ hmbn®p ]_-‘-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ sXøm-dm-°p∂ hn[w

Im¿Up kº-Zmbw , ^b¬ kº-Zmbw

2. ]_-‘-Øns‚ LS\ --˛ Dt]m-XvLmXw, ]_‘ icocw, D]-kw-lmcw

3. ]_‘ `mj-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

4.- ]-cm-a¿ihpw D≤-c-Whpw ˛ FgpØnse Nn”\ßƒ, ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ,

KŸkqNn, Npcp-s°-gpØp cp]-ßfpw kpN-I-]-Z-ßfpw

5. A\p-_‘w ˛ NnX-ßƒ ˛ ]´n-I-Iƒ˛ a‰p tcJ-Iƒ

6. ae-bmf `mjm-km-ln-Xy Kth-jW NcnXw

Kth-jW ÿm]-\-ßƒ ˛ A°m-Z-an-Ihpw kzX-¥hpw, ]apJ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ,

it≤b-cmb Kth-j-I¿ , Kth-jW ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ KŸ-ßƒ hni-Z-]-T\Øn\mbn \n¿t±-in-°p∂p

1. " Kth-j-W ]≤-Xn,' tUm.-sI.-Fw.-]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿, h≈-tØmƒ hnZym-]oTw,ipI-]pcw

2. "kmlnXy Kth-j-WWw, ]_‘ cN-\-bpsS XØz-ßƒ,"tUm.-Nm-Ø\mØv

ANyp-X-\p-Æn, h≈-tØmƒ hnZym-]oTw, ipI-]pcw

36

3. "Kth-j-W-co-Xn-im-kvXw," tUm.-\-Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥, tIc-f-`mjm

C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.

IqSp-X¬ hmb-\°v

1. " Kth-j-W ]th-inI' -˛ tUm.-Fw.-hn.-hn-jvWp-\-ºq-Xn-cn, tIc-f-`mjm

C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.

2. "Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ]iv\-ßƒ' ˛ kºm.sI them-bp-[≥]n≈,

cma-N-µ≥ \mb¿, tIcf k¿h-I-em-im-e,1976

3. "ae-bm-f-ssien'˛ Ip´n-°r-jvW-am-cm¿, amcm¿ kmln-Xy-]-Im-i\w

4. "`mc-Xnb X¿°-im-km-Xw' ˛ C..-sF.-hm-cn-b¿, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.

5. "X¿°-im-kvXw'-˛ kp -Zm-tKm-hn-µ-∏n-≈, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw.

6. ‘The art of Literary research,’ Altie,Richard,D.W.W. Norton & Company,

Newyork

7. ‘Research methodology,’ Kothari,C.R. Wilcy Eastern Ltd., NewDelhi.

8. “Knowledge for development” Oxford University press, Newyork

9. ‘Elements of Scientific method’, Kaul, B.N Suthan chand &sons, Newdelhi.

10. “Research methodology in Social Sciences” Devendra Thakur, Deep & Deep

Publication, Newdelhi.

37


skaÃ¿ 3

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv 10 FgpØ—≥ (MAL 3 E 10(a))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

t]m¿´pKo-kp-Im-cpsS BK-a-\-Øn-\p-tijw tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ cmjvSo-b-cwKØpw kaq-

lØnepw D- mb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛ hym]m-cm-`n-hr-≤n-bn-epsS tIc-f-Øn-\p-- mb `uXnI

]ptcm-KXn ˛ kXyw, [¿Ωw, \oXn F∂n-h-bn¬\n-∂p-- mb hyXn-N-e\w˛ ka-Im-eo\km-ln-Xy-

Øn-ep-- mb ChbpsS ]Xn-^-e-\-ßƒ˛Fgp-Ø-—\pap≥]pw At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-L-´-Ønepw

ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-- m-bn-cp∂ kmln-Xy-k-c-Wn-Ifpw Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ˛ kmln-Xy-]p-tcm-

K-Xn-°mbn CXn-hrØ kwkvI-c-W-Ønepw Imhy`m-j-bnepw Fgp-Ø-—≥ hcp-Ønb ]cn-jvIr-Xn-

Iƒ˛

ae-bm-f-Ønse `‡n-]-ÿm\w ˛ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `‡n ˛ `‡n°pw ]ÿm-\-Øn\pw Infn-∏m-´n-

ep≈ ÿm\w ˛FgpØ-—s‚ BJym-\-Ie ˛ tIc-f-`m-j-Km-\-ß-fmb Xp©s‚ Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ°v

aqe-Ir-Xn-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w (]k-‡-amb `mK-ßƒ aqe-Ir-Xn-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ BJym-\-kz-`mhw Kln-°Ww) ˛ Xp©≥Ir-Xn-I-fnse kaq-lw˛Xp©s‚ Infn-∏m-

´p-Iƒ°v ka-Im-en-Ihpw ]q¿h-Im-en-I-hp-amb IrXn-I-tfm-Sp≈ IS-∏m-Sv˛ Fgp-Ø-—s‚

kzm[o\w ]nev°m-e-`m-jm-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ˛ Infn-∏m-´v]-ÿm-\Øn\v ]nev°m-e-Øp-- mb A]-

Nbw ˛ Xp©≥Ir-Xn-I-fpsS C∂sØ ]k-‡n. C∏-d™ Imcy-ßƒs°√mw ÿm\w \evIn-

bp≈ ]T-\-amWv e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

]mTy`mK-ßƒ

bq\n‰v H∂v

`‡n ˛ kaq-l-Ønepw kmln-Xy-Øn-epw. cma-`‡n ˛ ssi-h-ssh-jvWh `‡n, i‡yp-]m-

k\ ˛ `‡n-bpsS hym]\w ˛ `‡nbpw ⁄m\hpw tam£-hpw.

bq\n‰v c- v

38

Io¿Ø-\-km-lnXyw ˛ lcn-\m-a-Io¿Ø\w

bq\n‰v aq∂v

Infn-∏m-´p-km-lnXyw˛A-≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m´v ˛ Atbm≤ym-ImWvUw

bq\n‰v \mev

Infn-∏m-´p-km-lnXyw ˛ alm-`m-cXw Infn-∏m´v I¿Æ]¿∆w ˛ -aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ Xmc-X-

ay]-T\w

bq\n‰v A©v

Infn-∏m-´p-km-lnXyw˛ alm-`m-cXw Infn-∏m´v˛ im¥n ]¿∆w-˛-aq-e-Ir-Xn-bpam-bp≈ Xmc-X-

ay]-T\w

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ A≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Hcp ]T\w ˛ tUm.-sI.-F≥ Fgp-Ø-—≥

2., kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-epsS ˛ FUn.-sI.-Fw.-tPm¿÷v

3. Xp©sØ-gpØ—≥ ˛ kmln-Xy-]-©m-\≥ ]n.-sI.- \m-cm-b-W-]n≈

4. Fgp-Ø-—≥ ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ tUm.-Fw.- Ir-jvW≥ \ºq-Xncn

5. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ie ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

6. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy- NcnXw ˛ D≈q¿

7. Fgp-Ø-—≥ (sX-c-s™-SpØ ]_-‘-ßƒ) ˛ F≥.- Ir-jvW-]n≈

8. Xp©≥ ]_-‘-ßƒ ˛ tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Zan

9. ae-bm-f-hn-a¿iw- e°w 10 ˛ ae-bm-f-hn-`m-Kw, tImgn-t°mSv k¿∆-I-em-ime

10. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬\n∂p alm-`m-c-X-Øn-te°v ˛ Fw.- Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

11. Xp©-sØ-gpØ—s‚ alm-`m-cXw kwtim-[nX kwkv°-cWw ˛ ]n.-Fw. hnP-b-∏≥

Id‚v _pIvkv, Xr»p¿

12. Infn-∏m´v ˛ tUm. F≥.-ap-I-µ≥

13. Ezhuthachan and His Age – Chelanat Achutha Menon

14. Fgp-Ø-—\pw Imehpw (]-cn-`mj) ˛ tUm.-Fw. eoem-hXn

15. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `‡n-bpw- Z¿i-\hpw ˛ tUm.-]n.-Dj

39


skaÃ¿: 3.

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv 10 Ip©≥ \ºym¿ MAL 3 E 10 (b)

sIUn-‰v-˛4

bqWn‰v: H∂v: 18˛ ï w \q‰m-- nse tIc-fob kaq-lw-˛-Po-hn-X-co-Xn-Iƒ ˛ cmjvSo-b,-km-aq-ln-I,-

kmw-kvIm-cnI ÿnXnKXnIƒ ˛ `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w-˛-\m-´p-cm-Py-ß-fpsS ]X-\w˛kwkvIm-cnI

\thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏p-Iƒ. tIc-f-Ønse ¢mnIv Ie-Iƒ: IqØv,-Iq-Sn-bm-´w,-

I-Y-I-fn,-\m-S≥I-e-Iƒ, ]S-b-Wn,-Xp-≈¬,- tI-c-fo-b-kw-KoX ]mc-º-cyw, tI-c-fo-b-kw-KoXØns‚

ssIh-gn-Iƒ,-Ip-©≥ \ºy-mcpsS kwKo-X-t_m-[w, imkvXo-b-kw-Ko-Xw,-\m-tSm-Sn-Km-\-co-Xn,

Xp≈¬ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ DZ-b-hn-Im-k-ßƒ aq∂p Xcw Xp≈-ep-Iƒ (Hm-´≥,-]-d-b≥, ioX-¶≥),

Xp≈¬ IrXn-I-fnse hrØ-ßƒ, cmK-ßƒ,-Xm-f-ßƒ,-hm-tZym-]-I-c-W-ßƒ,-ssi-en-Iƒ,-]-

gs©m√p-Iƒ,-Xp-≈¬km-ln-XyØns‚ hni-Zhpw, ka-K-hp-amb ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ `qanI F∂ \ne-

bn¬ hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb hnh-c-ßƒ C°m-cy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-

°Ww

bqWn‰v: c- v: Xp≈¬ IrXn-I-fnse ]ta-b-ßƒ-˛-km-aq-ln-I-hpw, kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpw,-cm-jvSo-

b-hp-amb Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ˛ CXn-lm-k˛ ]ucm-Wn-Im¥-co-£-Øn¬ \n∂v ka-Im-en-\m-¥-co-£-

Øn-tebv°pw, kmam-\y-Po-hn-X-]-cnX: ÿnXn-I-fn-te-bv°p-ap≈ KXn-am-‰w,-C-Xn-lm-k-˛-]p-c-W-I-Ym-

]m-X-ß-fpsS tIc-fo-bm-¥-co-£-Øn-te-bv°p≈ IqSp-am-‰w,-Ip-©≥ \ºym-cpsSBJym-\-I-e-bpsS

A¥x-k-Øsb ae-bm-f-Øns‚ X\Xp BJym-\-]m-c-º-cy-hp-ambn ka-c-k-s∏-SpØn Nn¥n-°-¬˛

BJym-\-Ønse ]pØ≥ Is- -Ø-ep-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v: cpIvanWn kzbw-h-cw,- Hm-´≥Xp-≈¬

40

(Ip-©≥\-ºym-cpsS Xp≈¬Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛]pdw 234)

bqWn‰v: aq∂v: Ip©≥\ºym-cpsS Pohn-X-ho-£Ww ˛ Xp≈¬ IrXn-I-fn¬ \ºym¿ Bhn-jv°-

cn® ^enX ]cn-lm-k-ßƒ ˛ Bt£-]-lm-ky-X-e-Øn-te-s°Øp∂ kmaqly hna¿i-\w˛ tIc-

fob ¢mn-°¬ Ie-I-fmb IqØv,-Iq-Sn-bm´w F∂n-h-tbmSpw a[y-Ime Nºp-°-tfmSpw

Xp≈¬Ir-Xn-Iƒ°p≈ IS-∏m-Sv˛ kmaq-lnI hna¿i-\-Øns‚ ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ˛ \ºym¿

IrXn-I-fn¬ ]Xn-^-en-X-am-Ip∂ tIc-fo-bX.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v: KW-]Xn ]mX¬.-io-X-¶¬ Xp≈¬

(Xp-≈-Ir-Xn-Iƒ. ]pdw.870)

bqWn‰v: \mev: Ip©≥\ºym-cpsS Imhym-h-t_m-[w,-Im-hy-k-¶-ev]w˛ kmaq-ln-I-t_m-[w˛ kmaq-

ln-I-\-hn-I-c-W-Øn-∂m-bp≈ ]b-Xv\-Øns‚ ]Xn-^-e-\w- Xp-≈¬ Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ˛ Xp-≈¬ Ir-Xn-

I-fn¬ ]Xn-^-enX-am-Ip∂ tIc-fob kaq-lw.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v: ]m©m-eo-kz-bw-h-cw,- ]-d-b≥ Xp≈¬(Xp-≈-Ir-Xn-Iƒ. ]pdw. 1105)

bqWn‰v: A©v: Ip©≥\ºym-cpsS hy‡n Pohn-Xw-˛-In-≈n-°p-dp»n awK-eØp \n∂v Aº-e-∏p-g-

bn-te°v ˛ Aº-e-∏p-g-bnse PohnX ]›m-Øew ˛ \ºym-cp-am-bn-_-‘-s∏´v ]N-cn-®n-´p≈

sFXn-ly-ß¬ ˛ \ºym-cpsS Ih\ ssien-bnse Akm-[m-c-WXzw ˛ \ºym-¿ IrXn-I-fnse

`mjm-]-c-amb sshhn-[y-ßƒ ˛ cma-]m-Wn-hm-Z\pw Ip©≥\ºym-cpw ˛ `n∂m-`n-]mb \nco-£-W-

ßƒ ˛ hkvXp-X-I-fpw,-X¿°ßfpw ˛ Xp≈¬ IrXn-Iƒ°v ]pdsa Ip©≥\ºym-¿ cNn® a‰p-Ir-

Xn-Iƒ ˛ Xp≈¬°Y-Iƒ ]pXnb Ime-L-´-Øn¬.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v:

(1) io IrjvW-N-cnXw aWn-]-hmfw

(k¿§w.7 BZysØ 50 t«mIw)

(2) \f-N-cnXw Infn-∏m v ˛ aq∂mw-`mKw

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ :

41

(1) Ip©≥\ºym-¿ ˛ hm°pw kaq-lhpw ˛ tUm: sI.-F≥.-KtWiv

(2) Ip©≥\ºym-cpw At±-l-Øns‚ Xp≈¬Ir-Xn-I-fpw, tUm : hn.-F-kv. i¿Ω

(3) Xp≈¬ Hcp ]T\w ˛ tUm : hn.-F-kv. i¿Ω

(4) \ºymcpw Xp≈¬ kmln-Xyhpw ˛ Ghq¿ ]c-ta-iz-c≥

(5) kmlnXy NcnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-ep-sS. FUn: tUm:sI.-Fw.-tPm¿÷v

(6) Z£n-tW-¥y≥ kwKoXw ˛ F.-sI.-c-ho-µ\mYv

(7) \ºymcpw Xp≈epIfpw ˛ Ip∏-°m´v \mcmb-W-ta-t\m≥

(8) tIcf kmlnXy Ncn-Xw ˛ Vol:3. D≈q¿

(9) ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥.Ir-jvW-]n≈

(10) Xp≈¬ ]ÿm\w ˛ kwkvIm-c-tI-Zmcw ˛ Fkv.-sI.-\m-b¿

(11) kmln-Xyhpw lmky-c-khpw ˛ kmln-Xy-Øp-en-I(-c-- mw-`m-Kw)-h-S-°qw-Iq¿

(12) ae-bmf IhnXmkmln-Xy-NcnXw ˛ tUm:Fw.-eo-em-hXn

(13) hm°pw kaq-lhpw ˛ C.-hn.-cm-a-Ir-jvW≥

(14) tIc-f-`mj Km\-ßƒ ˛ Nndbv°¬ Sn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿

(15) tIc-f-`mj Km\-ßƒ ˛ kºm:˛ s]m^:B\-µ-°p-´≥ \mb¿

(16) hS°≥ ]m´p-Iƒ ˛ kºm: Fw.-kn.-A-∏pÆn \mb¿

(17) hS°≥ ]m´p-IfpsS ]Wn-bme ˛ tUm: Fw.-B¿.-cm-Lh hmcn-b¿

(18) ]tS\n ˛ IS-Ω-\n´ hmkp-tZ-h≥]n≈

(19) hrØ-a-RvPcn ˛ G.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

42


skaÃ¿ 3

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv B´-°Y (MAL3 E 10(c))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

kmlnXy]ÿm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ B´-°Ym-Im-hy-ß-fpsS kuµ-cy-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-XIƒ,

ae-bm-f-ImhykmlnXyØn¬ B´-°YIfpsS kw`m-h-\,- I-Y-I-fn-km-lnXyw F∂ \ne-bn¬

B´-°YIfpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, B´-°Ybp-tSbpw IY-I-fn-bp-tSbpw cq]s∏Sepw Ncn-Xhpw

hnIm-k-hpw, A`n\-b-km-ln-Xyw, kwKo-Xkm-ln-Xyw F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ B´-°YIfpsS kmln-

tXy-Xc ]m-[m-\y-ßƒ, IY-I-fn-bpsS kuµ-cy-im-kvXw, tIc-f-Ønse imkvXo-b-I-e-I-fn¬ IY-

I-fn-bpsS ÿm\w F∂o hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®p hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Kl-\-amb ⁄m\w e`y-

am-°p-I, IY-fn-bn¬ Kth-j-Wm-`n-apJyw hf¿Øp-I, F∂nh B tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-∂p.

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v \n¿±-in-®n- p≈ B´-°YIfpsS Ah-XcW ßƒ

t\cn¬°- v cwKm-h-X-c-W-hp-ambn tN¿Øp ]Tn-t°-- -Xm-Wv. kmln-Xy-kw-_-‘-ambpw

Acßpkw-_-‘-ambpw tNmZy-ßƒ D- m-bn-cn-°pw. kmlnXy kw-_-‘-amb tNmZy-ßƒ hni-Z-]-

T-\-Øn\p \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈]mTy-`m-K-ßse Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bm-bn-cn-°pw. IY-I-fn-I- pw Iem-Im-c-

∑m-cp-ambn A`n-apJw \S-Ønbpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw Assk≥sa‚p-Ifpw Xøm-dm-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

bqWn-‰v-˛1

tIc-fØnse kar-≤-amb \mtSm-Sn-°-em-]m-c-ºcyw ˛ \mtSm-SnscK-I-e-Iƒ-˛-km-am-\y-]-cn-N-

bw(-sX-øw, apSn-tb-‰v, ]S-b-Wn, Xnøm-´v, tXm¬∏m-h-°q-Øv)-˛-im-kvXo-b-I-e-I-fpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw

khn-tj-X-I-fpw-˛-Ip-Sn-bm-´w, \ßym¿°q-Øv,-°q-Øv,-Ir-jn-W-\m-´w, cma-\m-´w, AjvS-]-Zn-bm-´w,

tamln-\n-bm-´w,-Xp-≈¬, tkm]m-\-kw-Ko-Xw,-I¿Æm-S-I-kw-Ko-Xw,-ta-f-Ie (]-©-cn,-]m-- n, ]©-hm-

Zyw,-Xm-b-º-I), Npa¿®n-X-Ie F∂o imkvXo-b-I-e-I-sf-°p-dn®p kmam-\y-[m-c-W˛ imkvXo-b-I-

eIƒ,- ¢m-kn-°¬I-e-Iƒ t£X-I-e-Iƒ F∂o hnebncp-Ø-ep-I-fpsS ]k-‡n-˛-Ip-Sn-bm´w,

IrjvW\m-´w, cma-\m-´w,-F-∂o-cw-K-I-e-Iƒ°p IY-I-fn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w˛IY-I-fn-cp]-s∏-Sp∂

kml-N-cyw˛ IY-I-fn-˛-bpsS kuµ-cy-im-kvXw-˛-`m-c-Xob Iem-Nn-¥-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-

ßƒ˛Xucy-XnIw˛

\rØw, \rXyw, \mSyw-˛-N-Xp¿hn-[m-`n-\-bw-˛-]-Zm-`n-\-bw,-]-Zm¿Ym-`n-\-bw,-hmIy¿Ym-`n-\bw IY-I-fn-

bnse A`n-\-bw-˛-I-Ym-]m-X-ßfpw thj-ß-fpw˛ IY-I--fp-bnse \rØw˛ IY-I-fn--kw-Ko-Xw˛ IY-I-

fntafw˛ tX∏v,-ap-J-sØ-gp-Øp, Np´n, intcm-e-¶m-c-ßƒ, Na-b-ßƒ-˛-A-c-ßp-˛-N-S-ßp-Iƒ(-tI-fn-sIm-

´p,-tXm-S-bw,-]p-d]mSp, \ne-∏-Zw, tafw Xnc-t\m-´w,-[-\m-in), kt¶-X-ßƒ(-sNm-√n-bm-´w, Cf-In-bm-´w,

Xt‚-Sm-´w, Iem-j-ßƒ)hnh[ kº-Zm-bßfpw ]cn-jn-Im-c-Mn-M-epw, sh´-Øn, I√-Sn-t°m-S≥,

43

Iπn-ßm-S≥, I√p-h-gn, Iem-a-WvU-ew˛ IY-I-fn-bpsS P\-Io-b-h¬°-c-Ww. BZy-Ime B´-°-Y-

Ifpw Ac-ß-I-fpw˛ A´°Ym cN-e-bnepw IY-I-fn-bnepw sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cms‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw: _men-h[w ˛ sIm´m-c-°c Xºp-cm≥

bqWn-‰v- 2

IY-I-fn-bn¬ tIm´-bØp Xº-cm≥ hcp-Ønb ]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒ ˛ tIm´bw

IY-I-ƒ°p e`n® P\-]o-Xn-bp-tSbpw AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ ˛tIm-´bw IY-I-fpsS

cwKm-hn-jvIm-cw, kmln-Xy-`w-Kn, ck-k-∂n-th-iw, ]mX-krjvSn, A`n-\-b-tbm-KyX F∂nh hniZ-

]-T-\-Øn\pw hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\pw hnt[-b-am-°p-I.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw: \nhm-X-I-h-N-Im-e-tI-b-h[w ˛ tIm´bw Xºp-cm≥

bqWn-‰v- 3

IY-Ifn kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Ac-ßn\pw DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS kw`m-h-\. \f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y-

bpsS cwKmhn-jvIm-cw, kmln-Xy-`w-Kn, ck-k-∂n-th-iw, ]mX-kr-jvSn, A`n-\btbmKyX, ]Nmcw

F∂nh hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-°pI

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw: \f-N-cnXw \memw-Zn-hkw ˛ DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿

bqWn-‰v- 4

Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn, Aiz-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ, Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-\mƒ F∂n-h-cpsS B´-°YI-fpsS

]tXy-I-X-Ifpw IY-I-fn-bpsS hf¿®-bnepw ]Nm-c-Ønepw Ah sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w ˛ Cc-bn-

Ω≥ XºnbpsS B´-°-Y-I-fpsS cwKm-hn-jvIm-cw, kmln-Xy-`w-Kn, ck-k-∂n-th-iw, ]mX-kr-jvSn,

A`n-\-b-tbm-Ky-X, ]Nmcw F∂nh hniZ-]-T-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-°pI

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw: DØ-cm-kz-bw-hcw (D-Ø-c-`mKw ˛ " AXm-¥tc Ine hncm-S-]-

tX-kvX-\q-Pm.." F∂ t«mIw apX¬ KŸm-h-km\w hsc) ˛ Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn

bqWn-‰v- 5

]sØm-ºXv, Ccp-]Xv \q‰m-- p-I-fn¬ IY-J-fn-°p-- mb hf¿®bpw ]Nm-chpw ˛ tIc-f-I-

em-a-WvU-ew, ]n.-F-kv.hn \mSy-kw-Lw, tIm´-Ø¬, am¿§n, Iem-\n-ebw XpS-ßnb If-cn-Iƒ IY-

I-fn-bn¬ hcp-Ønb \ho\ `mhp-IXzw ˛ cwKm-h-X-c-W-Øn¬ ]g-b-Nn-´-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXn-

bm\w ˛ `mh-Im-hy-k-Zr-i-amb IY-I-tfm-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw ˛ emfnXyw ˛ kwKo-Xm-`n-apJyw ˛ apJ-

sØ-gp-Ønepw Na-b-ß-fnepw hcp-Ønb ]cn-jvIm

cßƒ ˛ ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-cn-‡-ß-fmb IY-Ifpw a‰pw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ ia-

ßƒ ˛ IY-Ifn IpSp-X¬ P\-Io.hpw km¿h-tZ-io-b-hp-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ ˛ IY-Ifnbc-

ßnepw IY-Ifn kmln-Xy-Ønepw kw -hn-®p-sIm-- n-cn-°p∂ ka-Im-e-]-cn-Wm-a-ßfpw hna¿i-\-

ßfpw Ifn-tbm-K-ß-epsS kzm[o-\hpw CS-s]-Sepw ˛ C∂p Ac-ßp-hm-gp∂ ][m\ B´-°Y-Iƒ

44

˛ \c-Im-kp-c-h-[w, _I-h-[w. cn‹n-Wo-kz-bw-hcw, cmh-W-hn-P-bw, _men-hn-P-sb, Incm-Xw, IptN-

h-hr-Øw, eh-Wm-kp-c-h[w, cmh-tWm-¤-hw, kp -Km-l-c-Ww, tZh-bm-\o-kz-bw-h-cw, _mW-bp-

≤w. k¥m-\-tKm-]m-ew, cp‹mw-K-Z-X-cn-Xw, Zptcym-[-\-h-[w, I¿Æ-i-]-Yw F∂o-I-Y-I-fpsS Ac-

ßp-Iƒ t\cn¬°- p Ah-bpsS cN-\m-hn-ti-j-ßfpw Imhy-ku-µ-cyhpw Ac-ßn¬ ]bp‡am-

Ip-∂-sX-ßns\ F∂p ]Tn-°pI

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKßƒ:˛

1. k¥m-\-tKm-]mew ( " Xo°pWvUw hn]pe Ign®p hn[n-ssJ-c·nw Pzen-∏n-®p-S≥" F∂

t«mIw XpSßn KŸm-h-km\w hsc) ˛ a- -h-∏n≈n Cc-´n-cm-cn-»-ta-t\m≥

2. _mW-bp≤w (" C∞w ]nbmfn ZrU-_-≤m-eIw XZ-\p. ….. Ö " F∂ ZfiIw XpSßn

"t]i-em-\t\ Im¨I. Im¥s\. ….. Ö " F∂ Nc-Wm-h-km\w hsc) ˛ _me-I-hn-cm-a-im-

kvXn-Iƒ

3. Zptcym-[-\-h[w (C∞w ihn®p ]c-am¿∞w \n\®p ]c. ….. Ö " F∂ ZfiIw XpS-ßn-"Ir-

jvW-\-ßƒ sNbvsXms°bpw am\n®p. ….. Ö " F∂ Nc-Wm-h-km\w hsc) ˛ hbkvIc

Bcy≥ \mcm-b-W≥ aqv.

4. XmS-Im-h[w (B-dv, Ggv, F´p cwK-ßƒ) ˛ hn.-Ir-jvW≥ Xºn

5. IptN-h-hr-Øw(-[mXn \n¿÷-c-h-cy-\m-fl-a-ln-jn-ap-ss‡h bmXmw \nPw. ….. Ö " F∂

t«mIw XpSßn “aXn-apJn aa \mtY. ….. Ö " F∂ Nc-Wm-e-kmew hsc) ˛ apcn-ßq¿ i¶-

c≥t]m‰n

6. A¿÷\ hnjm-Z-hrØw ( aq∂p,-\m-ep, A©p cwK-ßƒ) ˛ ]n.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥ (]kn-≤n-I-

cWw ˛ hmtg-¶S Ip©p-\m-b¿ kvamc-I-k-an-Xn, Imd¬a-Æ)

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. A`n-\-b-Z¿∏Ww ˛ tUm.-hn.-F-kv. i¿Ω.

2. AjvS-I-emiw ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

3. B´-°Y As√-¶n¬ IY-Ifn ˛ ]n.-Ir-jvW-\m-b¿

4. B´-°Ym kmlnXyw ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

5. IY-I-fn-cwKw ˛ sI.-]n.-F-kv.-ta-t\m≥

6. IY-I-fn- ˛ ]n.-A∏p°p´≥ \mb¿

7. IY-I-fn- F∂ Ie ˛ sI.-F.-]n.-ta-t\m≥

8. IY-I-fn- hn⁄m-\-tImiw ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

9. IY-I-fn-bm´-]-Imcw ˛ sI.-]n.-F-kv.-ta-t\m≥

10. IY-I-fn- thjw ˛ Iem. ]fl-\m-`≥\m-b¿

11. \mSy-imkvXw ˛ `c-X≥( hymJym-\w˛ sI.-]n.-\m-cm-bW ]njm-tcm-Sn)

12. ae-bm-f-apZ ˛ Zriy-imhy Ie-Iƒ ˛ hn.-I-em-[-c≥

45


skaÃ¿ 3

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv (MAL3 E 11(a))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

ae-bmf \mSIw thZnbpw kmln-Xyhpw

ae-bmf\mSIthZnbptSbpw kmln-XyØnt‚bpw DZ-b-hn-Im-k-ß-fmWv ChnsS ]Tn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv. tIc-fØnse cwK-I-e-Isf°pdn®pw \mtSmSn \mS-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-tijw

tIc-f-Ønse ]apJ \mS-I-]-ÿm-\-ß-sfbpw Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-sfbpw A]-K-Yn-°p-∂p.

kwKo-X-\m-SI ]ÿm-\w, ]iv\ \mS-I-ßƒ, tkmt±iy \mS-I-ßƒ, ]co-£W \mS-I-ßƒ,

X\Xv \mS-I-ßƒ, ka-Im-en-I-\m-S-I-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh ]T-\-]-cn-[n-bn¬ hcpw.

hni-Z-]-T\w

bqWn-‰v-˛1

Im°m-cn»n \mS-Iw-˛-cm-Pm-hm-cy¿(-F.-Un)

apSntb‰v ˛ tUm.-kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e≥

Imd¬am≥N-cnXw ˛ Nhn´p \mSIw

bqWn-‰v-˛2

kZm-cma ˛ sI.-kn.-tI-i-h-]n≈

]m°-\m¿ NcnXw ˛ hnZzm≥ ]n. tIfp-\m-b¿

_n.-G.-am-bmhn ˛ kn.-hn.-cm-a≥]n≈

bqWn-‰v-˛3

`·- -h\w ˛ F≥.-Ir-jvW-]n≈

kaXzhmZn ˛ ]pfn-am\ ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n≈

sXmgn¬ tIµ-Øn-tebv°v ˛ (Hcp kwLw)

1128-˛¬ ssIw 27 ˛ kn.-sP.-tXm-a-kv.

bqWn-‰v-˛4

\nß-sfs∂ IΩyq-Wn-Ãm°n ˛ tXm∏n¬ `mkn

\o a\p-jys\ sIm√-cpXv ˛ Fw.-tKm-hn-µ≥

tImkv s_¬‰v ˛ F≥.-F≥.-]n≈

46

tkmI-´okv ˛ ]n.-sP-.B‚Wn

krjvSn ˛ sI.-Sn.-ap-l-ΩZv

IdpØ ssZh-sØ-tØSn ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n≈

Ah-\-h≥I-Sº ˛ Imhmew \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿

IpSp° ˛ ]n.-Fw.-XmPv

bqWn-‰v-˛5

c‡-_en ˛ Sn.-Fw.-F-_lmw

kw`m-j-W-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ah-\pw-A-hfpw ˛k-Xojv sI.-k-Xojv

acw-s]-øp∂p ˛ F.-im-¥-Ip-am¿

Nne-t∏mƒaoc Nne-t∏mƒ kaoc ˛ d^o°v awK-e-t»cn

Ieym-W-kmcn ˛ ioP

krjvSn ˛ sI.-Sn.-ap-l-ΩZv

Ien ˛ kn.-F≥.-ioIWvT≥ \mb¿

IdpØ ssZh-sØ-tØSn ˛ Pn.-i ¶c-∏n≈

Ah-\-h≥I-Sº ˛ Imhmew \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛F≥.-Ir-jvW-]n≈ 2. ae-bmf \mSI kmlnXyNcnXw ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-]n≈

3. \mSIw IÆns‚ Ie ˛ Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c≥

4.- \m-SI Z¿i\w ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-]n≈

5. \m-SI Ah-X-cWw ˛ F.-Un) Pn.-i-¶-c-]n≈

6. t^mt¢m¿ ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

7. tIcf t^mt¢m¿ ˛ (F.-Un) cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

8. tXm‰w ]m´v ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-]n≈

9. tIcf kmlnXyNcnXw ˛ D≈q¿

10. tIc-f-Ønse \tSmSn \mS-I-ßƒ ˛ tUm.-F-kv.-sI.-\m-b¿

11. \mtSmSn Zriy-I-em-kq-NnI ˛ tIc-f-kw-KoX \mS-I-A-°m-Zan

12. B´-°Ym kmlnXyw ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

13. aqSn-tb‰v ˛ kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]m¬

14. tIc-fo-b-X-bpsS \m´-dn-hv(-F√m e°-hpw) ˛ kn.-B¿.-cm-P-tKm-]m¬

47

15. Im°m-cn»n \mSIw ˛ (F.-Un) cmPm-h-cy¿

16. s]mdm´v \mSIw ˛ Pn.-`m¿§-h≥]n≈

17. sXcphp \mSIw ˛ F≥.-B¿.-Km-a-]-Imiv

18. cwK-`mj ˛ hb-em-hm-kp-tZ-h≥ ]n≈

19. ]co-£-W-]-h-W-X-Iƒ ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-Øn¬ ˛ tUm.-F¬.-tXm-a-kvIp´n

20. \h-\m-´-c-ßn-s\m-cm-´-]-Imcw ˛ tUm.-F¬.-tXm-a-kvIp´n

21 \mS-I-i-_vZ-tImiw ˛ tUm.-Sn.-]-hn-X≥

22 World Theatre - Alladyee Nicoll

23 Folk Life - Richard M Doeson

24 The Theory of Modern stage - Eric Bently

25. History of Greek and Roman Theatre - Bicher Margerette

26. The Theatre through Ages - CleaverJames

27. Folk Plays and Dances of Kerala - M.D.Raghavan

28. Dictionary of Mythology.Legned and Folklore - Ed marial Leach

29. The Sanskrit Drama - A.B.Keith

30. Religion and theatre - M.L.Varad Pande

31. The Traditional Theatre of Kerala - Dr.C.Rajendran

32. Drama in Rural India - J.C.Mathur

48


skaÃ¿ 3

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv 11 Imev]\nI IhnX (MAL3 E 11(b))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

Imev]-\nI Imhy-kn-≤m-¥-sØ-∏‰n hni-Z-ambn a\-n-em-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-

°Ww ]T\w \n¿h-ln-t°-- Xv. a[y-bp-K-ß-fn-sebpw \thm-∞m\ Zi-bn-tebpw \ntbm ¢mnIv

Ime-L-´-Øn-tebpw ]m›mXy kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kmam-\y-kz-cp]w Kln-®-tijw sdmam‚n-kn-k-

Øns‚ D¤-hhpw hf¿®bpw hy‡-ambn a\-n-em-°-Ww. Imev]-\nI]h-WX Fßs\ ae-bm-

f-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-´p-sh∂pw AXns‚ ]cn-Wm-a-Zi Fßs\bmbn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Adn-

™n-cn-°-Ww.

bq\n-‰v H∂v ˛ ]ÿm\ e£-W-ßƒ

Imev]-\nIX F∂ at\m-`m-hw, Imev]-\nIXIƒ, ¢mn-kn-khpw sdmam‚n-kn-k-hpw,

sdmam‚nIv LS-I-ßƒ, ]h-W-X-Iƒ, sdmam‚n-knkw Hcp ]ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬

bq\n‰v c- v ˛ Imev]-\nIhnj-b-ßƒ

Imev]-\nI kv]¿iw, t]aw ˛ ]Ir-Xn, Imev]-\nI-`m-h-ßƒ, Imev]-\nIXbpw kaq-

lhpw, Imev]-\nI\c-Iw,- sdm-am‚nIv Hu´vsskU¿ (romantic outsider) -Ch-sb-∏‰n hni-Z-amb

]T\w

bq\n‰v aq∂v ˛ thUvkvh¿Øv,- tImƒdn-UvPv, sj√n,-Io‰vkv

Imev]-\nIhnπ-h-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-ew, thUvkvh¿Øns‚ Imhy-ssi-en,- Im-hy-\n¿h-N-\w,-

Im-hy-hn-j-bw, Imhy-`m-jbpw Kmao-W-`mjbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w, tImƒdn-UvPv, Iev]-\bpw

`mh-\-bpw, P¿Ω≥ Zm¿i-\n-IcpsS kzm[o\w tImƒdn-UvPn¬,- ]m-Y-an-I-`m-h-\bpw ZznXob-`m-h-

\bpw, ]Xn- -sb-∏‰n tImƒdn-Uv-Pv , Im-hy-`m-j-sb-∏‰n tImƒdn-UvPns‚ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ,

thUvkvh¿Øns‚ hmZ-ßƒ°v tImƒdn-UvPns‚ adp-]-Sn, sj√n-bp-sSbpw Io‰vkn-s‚bpw Imhy-

Nn-¥-Iƒ, Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS A]-N-bw.

bq\n‰v \mev ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse Imev]-\n-I-]-ÿm\w

49

ae-bm-f-Ønse \ntbm ¢mnIv IrXn-Iƒ , Imev]-\n-I-XbpsS ]mcw- -Z-i, sh◊-Wn-]-

ÿm-\w, ]®-a-e-bm-f-]-ÿm\w, Imev]-\n-I-XbpsS kmaq-ln-I-]-Xn^-e\w, \thm-∞m-\-]-ÿm-

\-ßƒ, cmjvSo-b-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. ae-bm-f-hn-emkw ˛F.-B¿ .cm-P-cm-P-h¿Ω.

2. Hcp hnem]w ˛ hn.kn _me-Ir-jvW-]-Wn-°¿

Bim≥, h≈-tØmƒ, D≈q¿, F∂n-h-cpsS IhnX-I-fn¬ Imev]-\n-IXbpsS hf¿®

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

3. Imhy-Ie AYhm Ggm-an-µnbw ˛ Bim≥

4. I¿Ω-`q-an-bpsS ]n©p-Im¬ ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

5. A∂pw C∂pw ˛ D≈q¿

Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS ]pjvI-e-Zi CS-∏-≈n, Nß-ºp-g, ]n.-Ip-™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿ XpS-ßnb Ihn-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

6. aWn-\mZw ˛ CS-∏≈n

7. B]q-ame ˛ Nß-ºpg

8. \c-_en ˛ ]n.Ip-™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿.

bq\n‰v 5. \ho\ Ihn-X-bn¬ Imev]-\n-I-X-tbm-Sp≈ kao-]\w

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. kqcy-Im¥n ˛Pn.

2. Aar-X-Ie ˛ ]mem

3. Ip¶p-a-]-`mXw ˛ CS-t»cn

4. sXßn≥ tXm∏n¬ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n

5. Hm¿°pI h√t∏mgpw ˛ ]n.-`m-kvI-c≥

6. knwlm-k-\-Øn-te° ho- pw ˛ H.-F≥.hn

50

7. cmXn-ag ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

8. sIm®p-sXm-Ω≥ ˛ F≥.hn.Ir-jvW-hm-cy¿

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. Preface to Lyrical Ballads – William Wordsworth

2. Biographia Literaric chapters IV,XII,XIV – S.T.Coleridge

3.A Defence of Poetry – P.B. Shelly

4.English Literary Criticism-The Medieval Phase-JWH Atkins

5.Princeton Encyclopaedia of Poetry &Poetics –Ed. Alex

Premimger (Mediwal Poetics, Renaissance Poetics, Neo- clinical Poetics)

6. The Mirroe and the Lamp – M.H.Abrams

7. The True Voice of faling - Herbert Reed.

8. The Romantic Imagination – C.M. Bpwra

9. Specilations – T.E.Hulme

10. Literary Criticism – A Short History – Wimsalt & Brooks

11. Imagination – Mary Warmock

12. The Declime and Fall of the Romantic Ideal – F.L.Luces

13.Romanticism (The Critical Idiem Series)- Liliam R.Furst

14. The Romantic Agony – Mario Praz

15. On the Discrimination of Romanticisms – Arthur O.Lovejpy

(see Abram’s `English Romantic Poet’s)

51

16.Imev]-\n-IX ˛ _n.-lr-Z-b-Ip-amcn Cw]n‚v _pIvkv, sIm√w

17. Cw•ojv Imev]-\n-IX I & II. Fw. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn, tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yp´v

18. ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥ Id‚v _pIvkv,-Xr-iq¿

19. ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy- XØz-imkvXw ˛ sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥ SPIS tIm´bw

20. C∂-se-I-fnse At\z-jW ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥ DC Books

AS-bm-f-ap≈ ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse D≈-S°w hnZy¿∞n-I¬ \∂mbn Kln-®n-cn-°Ww

52


aq∂mw ska-Ã¿

tImgvkv 11 Ce-Œohv tImgvkv (MAL3E11(c))

tZio-b-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬

C¥y≥ tZio-b-]-ÿm-\w _lp-ap-J-amb taJ-e-I-fn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn- p-- v. cm„ob-

˛kmw-kvIm-cnI cwKØpw kmlnXy cwKØpw AXns‚ kzm[o\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. tZio-b-]-

ÿm-\-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-tØm-sS-bmWv kzmX-¥y-t_m[w `mc-Xo-b-cn¬ kPo-h-am-b-Xv. CtXm-

sSm∏w PmXo-b-X-bvs°-Xn-cmbpw P∑n-Ø-Øn-s∂-Xn-cmbpw P\-ßsf DZv_p-≤-cm-°m\pw Cu

]ÿm-\-Øn\v Ign-™p. C¥y≥ tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS `mc-X-Ønepw

hninjym tIc-f-Øn-epw D- m-bn- p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø-\hpw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬ tZiob

]ÿm\w sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\hpw a\-n-em-°m\pw hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ tZi-kvt\-lhpw am\p-

jnI aqey-t_m-[hpw hf¿Øm\pw Cu tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-∂p.

bqWn‰v 1. tZio-b-]-ÿm-\w ˛ kmam\y hnh-c-Ww.

C¥y≥ tZio-b-]-ÿm-\Øns‚ Bhn¿`mhw ˛_n´ojv B[n-]Xyw C¥y-bn¬ ˛ Cw•ojv

hnZym- ymkw ˛ kzmX¥y t_m[w ˛ C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨Kkv ˛ C¥y≥ IΩyq-WnÃv

]m¿´n ˛ kzmX¥y ka-c-ßƒ ˛ cmPmdmw taml≥ tdmbv ˛ Zbm-\µ kc-kzXn ˛ Bcy-k-amPw ˛

kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ ˛ io\m-cm-b-W-Kpcp ˛Awt_-Zv°¿˛ Aø-¶mfn ˛ 19mw \q‰m-- nse aX km-

aqly ]cn-jvI-cW ]ÿm-\-ßƒ ˛ C¥y≥ tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°p \¬Inb

kw`m-h\.

bqWn‰v 2.

C¥y≥ kzmX¥y ka-c-ßƒ°v i‡n]I¿∂ ae-bmf kmlnXyIrXn-Isf Ipdn-®pw

C¥y≥ kzmX¥y ka-cw ]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ IrXn-Isf Ipdn®pw Cu bqWn-‰n¬ ]Tn-°Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

IhnX ˛ \ΩpsS adp-]Sn ˛ h≈-tØmƒ (km-ln-Xy-a-RvPcn Ggmw `mKw)

˛ Hcp ]nSn s\√n° ˛ CS-t»cn

˛ sa°m-sf-bpsS aIƒ ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿ (]-]-©w)

˛ tI-c-f-Km\w ˛ t_mt[-iz-c≥

t\mh¬ ˛ tIc-f-knwlw ˛ k¿Zm¿ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-°¿

53

IY ˛ kzmX¥y Zml-°mcn ˛ sI. kc-kzXn AΩ

˛ `mc-X-amX ˛ ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿

bqWn‰v 3

PmXo-b-X-bvs°-Xn-cmb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛ Abn-tØm-®m-S\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛Cucw-KØv

kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m¿ \¬Inb kw`m-h\Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

IhnX ˛ PmXn-°pΩn ˛ sI.]n Idp-∏≥

˛ Hcp Xnø-°p- n-bpsS hnNmcw ˛ Bim≥

teJ\w ˛ Imhyw kap-Zm-b-]-cn-jv°-c-W-Øn\v ˛ Fw.sI km\p (A-im-¥n-

bn¬\n∂v im¥n-bn-te°v )

\mSIw ˛ I_o¿Zmkv NcnXw ˛ hnZzm≥ .]n .tIfp \mb¿

bqWn‰v 4

tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\- -e-ambn tIc-f-Øn-ep-- m-bn- p≈

P∑n-Ø-Øn-s∂-Xn-cm-bn- p≈ ]t£m- -ßƒ ˛ P∑nØw ]ta-b-am-bn-

´p≈ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

\mSIw ˛ ]m´-_m°n ˛ sI .Z-tam-Z-c≥

t\mh¬ ˛ c- n-S-ßgn ˛ XIgn Inh-i-¶-c-∏n≈

bqWn‰v 5

\thm-∞m-\-]-ÿm\w ˛ kmaq-lnI˛km-ap-Zm-bnI ]cn-jv°-c-W-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ.˛ Fw.-

B¿.-_n,- hn.Sn.`- -Xn-cn-∏mSv , t]wPn XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

t\mh¬ ˛ A]v^s‚ aIƒ ˛ apØn-cn-tßm´v `h-Xm-X≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

˛ ad°p-S-bv°p-≈nse alm-\-cIw ˛ Fw.-B¿ ._n

54


skaÃ¿ 4

tIm¿ tImgvkv 13 ae-bm-f-hym-I-cWw (MAL4C13)

sIUn-‰v-˛4

aebmfØnse hymI-c-W-K-Ÿ-ßfpw hymI-c-W-]-T-\-ßfpw ka-K-hm-b-\bv°v hnt[-b-am°n

\ho\hymI-c-W-Nn-¥-I-fp-tSbpw kn≤m-¥ßfptSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm\pw

hymJym-\n-°m-\p-ap≈ ]m]vXn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°pI , hymI-c-W-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fn¬

Ah-Km-l-ap-m-°pI , hymI-c-WØn¬ hnti-j-]-T-\-Øn\pw Kth-j-W-Øn\pw A`n-cpNn

hf¿ØpI F∂nh Cu tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-∂p.

eoem-Xn-eIw , ae-bm-f-`mjm hymI-c-Ww (Kp-- ¿´v) ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-c-Ww (tPm¿÷v

amØ≥ ) , tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ( G.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω ) , hymI-c-WanXw(ti-j-Kncn ]`p )

ssIc-fo-i-_vZm-\p-im-k\w (sI.-kp-Ip-am-c-]n≈ ) tIc-f `mjm-hy-I-cWw ( C.-hn.-F≥ \ºq-Xncn )

F∂o hymI-c-W-K-Ÿ-ßfpw kn.-F¬ .B‚Wn , sI. Fw ]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿ , F≥. F≥ aqXv ,

C.-hn.-F≥ \ºqXncn XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS hymI-c-W]T-\-ßfpw hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am°n

hymI-c-W-kn-≤m-¥-ß-ƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ- --Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v 1

1 ae-bm-f-hymI-c-WNcnXw , eoem-Xn-eIw , ae-bm-f-`mjm hymI-c-Ww (Kp-- ¿´v) ae-bm-gva-

bpsS hymI-c-Ww (tPm¿÷v amØ≥ ) , tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ( G.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω ) , hymI-c-

WanXw(ti-j-Kncn ]`p ) ssIc-fo-i-_vZm-\p-im-k\w (sI.-kp-Ip-am-c-]n≈ ) tIc-f `mjm-hy-I-

cWw ( C.-hn.-F≥ \ºq-Xncn ) F∂o hymI-c-W-K-Ÿ-ßfpsS cN-\m-co-Xn , kao-]\w ˛ kn.-

F¬ .B‚Wn , sI. Fw ]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿ , F≥. F≥ aqXv , C.-hn.-F≥ \ºqXncn XpS-ßn-b-h-

cpsS hymI-c-W]T-\-ßfpsS coXn-imkvXhpw kao-]-\-co-Xnbpw .

2 ae-bm-f-Ønse h¿Æ-ßƒ , kzc-ßfpw hyRvP\-ßfpw , Zo¿L-kz-c-ßƒ , kw-bp‡

kzc-ßƒ , kw-bp‡ hyRvP\-ßƒ , ZnXz-ßƒ , Nn√p-Iƒ , A£-cw, en]n-hy-hÿ .

3 k‘n : \n¿∆-N-\hpw h¿§o-I-c-Whpw ˛ \ne-hn-ep≈ h¿§o-I-c-WØnse A]m-I-ßƒ ˛ D®m-

c-W-]-c-hpw hymI-c-W]chp-amb k‘n-Iƒ ˛ kam-k-ß-fn-tebpw A\p-]-tbm-K-ß-fn-tebpw

k‘n-Iƒ

55

4 i_vZw , ]IrXn , tZymXIw , hmNIw , ]Xybw , ]Zw F∂n-h-bpsS \n¿∆-N-\hpw h¿§o-I-

c-Whpw ˛]-Z-h¿§o-I-cW am\-Z-WvU-ßƒ ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse ]Z-hn-`m-K-ßƒ ˛ ]pXnb ]Z-hn-`m-K-

ßƒ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ kml-Ncyw

bqWn‰v 2

\ma-hn-`mKw

1 \maw ˛ \n¿∆-N-\hpw \ma-hn-`mKßfpw ˛ hmIy-Xe hymI-c-WØn¬ \ma-Øns‚ ÿm\w

˛ \ma-tØmSp tNcp∂ D]m-[n-Iƒ .

2 enwK-hy-hÿ ˛ ae-bm-f- enwKhymI-c-WØns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ˛ ]pw kvXo enwK-]-Xy-b-

ßfpw ]IrXn -]-Xy-bkwtbm-P\ hyh-ÿ-Ifpw ˛ \]pw-kI enwK ]Xy-b-kw-_-‘-amb

hnhn[ aX-ßƒ .

3 hN\ hyhÿ ˛ ˛ ae-bm-f- hN\hymI-c-WØns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ˛ GI-Xzhpw _lp-Xzhpw

˛ kenw-Km-enwK _lp-h-N-\-]-Xy-b-ßfpw ]IrXn -]-Xy-bkwtbm-P\ hyh-ÿ-Ifpw˛ ]qP-IXzw

_lp-P\ [¿Ω-amtWm F∂ hna¿i\w ˛ kwJym-hn-ti-j-Whpw _lp-h-N-\-]-Xy-bhpw kw_-

‘n® hnhn[ hymI-cWaX-ßƒ .

4 ImcIw ˛ hmIy-Xe hymI-c-Whpambn _‘n-∏n®p \n¿∆-Nn-°pI . ˛ hnti-jW _‘hpw

ImcI _‘hpw XΩn-ep≈ ASn-ÿm\ hyXym-k-ßƒ ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse Imc-I-ßfpw Ah-

bpsS ]Xy-£o-I-c-Wßfpw- -ImcIhpw hn -‡nbpw ˛ hn -‡ym-`mkw ,an-i-hn-`‡n , kam-k-hn-

`‡n F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hnhn[ aX-ßƒ ˛ Imc-I-ßfpsS B¿∞n-I-amb h¿§o-I-c-W-Øns‚

]k-‡n.

5 k¿∆-\m-a-ßƒ ˛\n¿∆-N-\hpw -hn-`mKßfpw k¿∆-\m-a-ßfpsS [¿Ω-ßƒ .

6 kwJym-\m-a-ßƒ

7 hyp¬∏∂ \ma-ßƒ ˛ IrØpw X≤n-Xhpw

bqWn‰v 3

Inbm-hn-`mKw

1 Inb ˛ \n¿∆-N-\hpw Inbm -hn-`mKßfpw˛ hmIy-Xe hymI-c-WØn¬ Inb-bpsS ]m[m\yw

˛ Inb-tbmSp tNcp∂ D]m-[n-Iƒ .

2 Imew ˛ ae-bm-f-hymI-c-WØnse Ime-hy-hÿ ˛ `qXw ,`mhn , h¿Ø-am\w ˛

]Xy-b-ßfpw]IrXn -]-Xy-bkwtbm-P\ hyh--ÿbpw ˛ A\p-]-tbmK D]m-[n-Iƒ (-Im-em\p

]tbmKw )

56

3 ]Im-c-ßƒ ˛ \n¿∆-N-\hpw ]Imchn-`mKßfpw˛\ntbm-PIw , hn[m-bIw ,A-\p-⁄m-b-Iw,

a‰p ]Im-c-ßƒ ˛]-Imc]Xy-b-ßfpw]IrXn -]-Xy-bkwtbm-P\ hyh--ÿbpw a‰p D]m-[n-Iƒ

4 AwK-In-bbpw AwKn-In-bbpw ˛ hn\-sb-®hpw t]c-®hpw hn\-sb-® t]c-®ßfpsS D]-hn-`m-K-

ßƒ ˛

5 A\p-]-tbmKw ˛ A¿∞-hn-ti-j-\n¿Ωn-Xn-I-fn¬ A\p-]-tbm-K-hym-I-c-W-Øns‚ km[y-X-

Iƒ ˛ A\p-]-tbmK[mXp-°ƒ ˛ A\p-]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS hym]vXnbpw h¿§o-I-c-Whpw ˛ A\p-]-

tbm-KßfpsS LS-\bpw A¿∞-hn-ti-j-ßfpw

6 ]mIv]-tbmKw

7 \ma-[m-Xp-°ƒ ˛ \njv]m-Z\ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ˛ \ma-[m-Xp-\n-jv]-Øn-bpsS ka-Ime ae-bmfw

bqWn‰v 4

hnti-jW hn`mKw

1 \ma-hn-ti-jWw ˛ \n¿∆-N\w ˛ cq]-]-chpw A¿∞-]-c-hp-w LS-\m-]-chpamb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ˛

\ma-hn-ti-jW hn`m-K-ßƒ ˛ kzX-¥hpw hyp¬∏-∂hpw

2 -In-bm -hn-ti-jWw ˛ \n¿∆-N\w ˛ cq]-]-chpw A¿∞-]-c-hp-w LS-\m-]-chpamb ]tXy-I-X-

Iƒ ˛ -In-bm -hn-ti-jW hn`m-K-ßƒ ˛ kzX-¥hpw hyp¬∏-∂hpw

3 kwJym-hn-ti-j-Whpw Xoh-hm-Nn-Ifpw (h-fsc , Ipsd , Aev]w XpS-ßn-bh )

4 hnti-jW ]Z-kw-ln-X-Iƒ ˛ kw_-‘n-I, B[m-cnIm`mkw , XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS

hnti-j-W-[¿Ωhpw LS-\bpw ˛ a‰p hnti-jW ]Z-kw-ln-X-Iƒ

5 hmIy -hn-ti-jWßƒ ( F¶n¬, ]t£ XpS-ßn-bh )

6 kamkw ˛ \n¿∆-N-\hpw kamkhn-`mKßfpw˛`mj-bpsS \n¿ΩmW £a-Xbpw

kamk \n¿Ωn-Xnbpw .

7 tZymX-I-ßƒ ˛ KXn-Iƒ , kap-®-b-ßƒ ˛ LS-I-ßƒ ˛a‰p tZymX-I-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v 5

hmIy-X-e-hym-I-cWw

1 hmIyw ˛ \n¿∆-N\w˛ hnhn-[-\n-co-£Wßƒ ˛ ae-bmf hmIy-L-S-\-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ˛

]Z-I-aw.

57

2 BJy, BJymXw ˛a-e-bm-f-Ønse BJymX cq]-\n-jv]Øn \bw

3 tIh-e-hm-Iy-ßƒ ˛ ]tbm-P-I-hym-Iy-ßƒ ˛ ]tbm-P-I-cq-]-L-S\ .

4 Imc-I-]-[m\ hmIy-ßƒ ˛ I¿Ω-Wn, I¿Øcn ,IcWw XpS-ßn-bh .

5 \ntj-[-hmIyw ˛ \ntj-[-hmIy hn`m-K-ßƒ˛\ntj-[-]Xy-b-ßfpw a‰p

D]m-[n-Ifpw

6 tNmZy-hmIyw ˛ tNmZy-hmIyßfpsS LS\ ˛ tNmZy-hmIyhn`m-K-ßƒ .

7 eLp-hmIyw ˛ hymt£-]I hymIyw ˛kw-t_m-[-\m-hm-Iyw.

8 AwKn-hmIyw . AwKhmIyw˛ Nq¿ÆnImhmIyw ˛ k¶o¿Æ-hmIyw ˛a-lm-hmIyw

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛ G.-B¿ .cm-P-cm-P-h¿Ω .

tIcf `mjm-hym-I-cWw ˛ C.-hn.-F≥ \ºq-Xncn

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\ob`mjyw˛ kn.-F¬ .B‚Wn

ssIc-fo-i-_vZm-\p-im-k\w ˛sI.-kp-Ip-am-c-]n≈.

ae-bm-f-`mjm hymI-c-Ww ˛sl¿Ω≥ Kp-¿´v.

ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-c-Ww ˛tPm¿÷v amØ≥.

samgnbpw s]mcpfpw ˛ sI. Fw ]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿.

hymI-c-W-hn-thIw ˛ F≥. F≥ aqXv.

hymI-c-W kao£ ˛ sI. Fw ]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿.

hymI-c-WanXw ˛ ti-j-Kncn ]`p

ae-bm-f-`mjm ]T-\-ßƒ ˛FUn . sI. Fw ]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿.

Grammatical theories of Malayalam – K.N.Ezhuthachan .

Notes on Keralapanineeyam – L.V .Ramaswami Iyer .

Studies in Malayalam grammer – K.M. Prabhakara warrior

58


skaÃ¿ 4

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv

hnh¿Ø\w ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw (MAL 4 E 14(a))

sIUn‰v 4

X¿÷pasb°pdn®v ae-bm-f-Ønepw Cw•o-jnepw In´m-\p≈ ssk≤m-¥nI KŸ-ß-fp-

ambn hnZym¿∞n KmV-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Cw•o-jn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-fØn-te°pw adn®pw

X¿÷pa sNbvXv ]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w t\SpIbpamWv Cu tImgvkns‚ e£yw.

bqWn‰v H∂v

X¿÷pa ˛ \n¿h-N-\-ßƒ ˛ Bcw`w ˛ ]k‡n hyXykvX hn`m-K-ßƒ ˛ hymJym\w /

]cm-h¿Ø\w/]p\:krjvSn A¥¿ `mjm- X¿÷pa /_lp-`mjm X¿÷pa ]q¿W X¿÷pa

/`mKnI X¿÷pa˛]cnanX X¿÷pa-Ifpw kaK X¿÷paIfpw ˛ X¿÷pa F∂ ]Inb ˛

`mjm-im-kvX-Øns‚ ho£-Whpw X¿÷pabpw ˛ X¿÷pa -bpsS D]-I-c-W-ßƒ

bqWn‰v c- v:

ka-aqey X¿÷pa (Equivalente Translation) ]mT-k-a-aqey X¿÷pa (Textual Equivalente

Translation) hymI-cW ka-aqey X¿÷pa (Grammatical Equivalente Translation) ssieo ka-

aq-eyX (Stylistic Equivalente) ka-aq-eyXbpsS A`mhw (Nil Equivalente) cp]-Xp-eyXm X¿÷pa

(Formal Equivalente Translation) Ne-\m-flI Xpey-Xm- X¿÷pa (DynamicEquivalente

Translation) b¥ X¿÷pa-bpsS ssk≤m-¥n-Ihpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb ]iv\-ßƒ ˛ X¿÷pa

sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ ˛ kmam\y]cn-N-bw.

bqWn‰v aq∂v

kmlnXy X¿÷pa-bp-sS- khntij-X-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

IhnX ˛ s\cp-Z-bpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ sI. k®n-Zm-µ≥,

hncp∂p h∂ hm°p-Iƒ (FUn) Sn.-]n. cmPo-h≥.

\mSIw ˛ B‚-KWn ˛ kn.-sP. tXmakv

Natugaddika – K.G.Baby Tr. Sherly

t\mh¬ ˛ BSns‚ hncp∂v ˛ tbmk ˛ Bim-eX

Saga of Khasakh

bqWn‰v \mev

59

X¿÷pa kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ˛ X¿÷pabpw kwkvIm-chpw ˛ kvXo]£ kao-]-\w, t]mÃv sImtfm-

Wn-b¬ kao-]\w

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. ]cn-`m-jbpw Xmc-Xay kmln-Xyhpw Fw.-Fw.-_-jo¿, F.-Un. NmØ-\mØv

ANyp-X-\pÆn

2. \ho\ X¿÷pa kn≤m-¥-ßsf°pdn®v ˛ F.-]n. B≥Uq-kvIp´n

(F-Un.-P-bm-kp-Ip-am-c≥/kvIdnbm k°-dnb Xm]kw Nß-\m-t»cn )

bqWn‰v A©v

hm¿Ø-Iƒ, ^o®-dp-Iƒ apJ-]-kw-K-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-te-sX-¶nepw H∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°pw ae-

bm-f-Ønse Ipd®p ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ Cw•o-jn-te°pw X¿÷pa -sN-bvXv ]cn-io-en-°p-I.

tNmZy-t]-∏-dp-I-fn¬ Ihn-Xm-`m-Kw, ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ, dnt∏m-´p-Iƒ F∂nh tNmZy-Øn¬ \n¿_-‘-

ambpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww.

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ `mjm-imkvX `qanI ˛ hn.-B¿.-]-t_m-[-N-µ≥ \mb¿

2. hnh¿Ø\w ˛ ]e teJ-I¿ ˛ tIc-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-Syq´v

3. X¿Pa kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ (FUn) P-bm-kp-Ip-am-c≥/

kvIdnbm k°-dnb Xm]kw Nß-\m-t»cn

4. hnh¿Ø-\-Nn-¥-Iƒ (F-Un) .-]-t_m-[-N-µ≥ \mb¿

5. Ip™p-]m-Øp-Ω-bpsS temI-k-©m-cw, Bj-dpsS ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-]-T-\-

ßƒ°p≈ A\p-_‘w ˛1

6. ae-bm-fnbpw ]cn-`m-jbpw (B-tem-N-\) Fw.-F≥.-Im-c-t»cn

7. Preface of me grand dad had an elephant – R.E. Asher.

8. Siting Translation – Tejaswini Niranjana.

9. The art of Translation – Theodore Savory

10. Translation studies - Susan Bassmett

11. Gender in Translation – Shery Simon

12. Translation studies Reader – Ed. Lawrence Venutti

13. Post Colonial Translation : Theory and practice

Ed, Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi

14. The Theory and practice of translation – E.A.Nida and C.Taber

15. Translation – Application and Research – R.W.Brislim

16. Homeric Translation – Teory and Practice – Mathew Arnold

17. Translation as Discovery – Suji Mukharji

18. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]iv\-ßƒ k¿Km-fl-I-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ˛ tUm.-Un.-s_-©-an≥ (kzm-[o-

\-Xm-]-T-ßƒ ˛ Id‚p-_p-Ivkv,-Xr-iq¿

19. After Babel - George Steiner

60


skaÃ¿ 4

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv 14 ae-bm-f-`m-jm-N-cnXw (MAL 4 E 14(b))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS ]q¿∆-L´w , cq]-h¬°-cWw ,A-\y-`mjm kzm[o-\-ßƒ, ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-t‚bpw

hnIm-k-Øn-t‚bpw hnhn[ L´-ßƒ , kmln-Xy-k-ºØv , am[y-a-kzm-[o\w ,am-\-Io-I-cWw

,ssk-_¿ ae-bmfw ,a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS £a-Xbpw kzXzhpw , ka-Im-e-a-e-bmfw ,`m-jm- B-kq-X-

W-Øns‚ Bh-Iy-IX , en]n-N-cnXw F∂o-hn-j-b-ßfn¬ hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ ka-K-[m-c-Wbpw

Kth-j-Wm-`n-ap-Jyhpw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Cu tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-∂p.

bqWn‰v 1

1 Xmc-X-aym-flI `mjm-imkvXw ˛ ]T-\-coXn , NcnXw , kw`m-h-\-Iƒ .

2 Zmhn-U-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw ( dh. Im¬Uz¬ ) , Zmhn-U-`m-jIƒ (B-µ-t\m-hv),

F∂o KŸ-ß-fpsS cN\m coXn ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpI .

3 `mcXw Hcp `mjm-tKmXw ˛ `mc-X-Ønse ][m\ `mjm-tKm-X-ßfpw `mj-Ifpw.

4 Zmhn-U`mjm-tKmXw˛ Zmhn-U-`m-j-I-fpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-h-ßƒ ,]p-jvS-`m-j-

Ifpw A]p-jvS-`m-j-Ifpw ,D-Ø-c-˛-a-[y-˛-Z-£nW Zmhn-U-ßƒ , ae-bm-fhpw

Xangpw

Zmhn-U-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw ( dh. Im¬Uz¬ ) , Zmhn-U-`m-jIƒ (B-µ-t\m-hv),

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛]o-TnI , ]q¿∆-tI-c-f-`mj (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿) F∂o- ]p-kvX-I-ßƒ

]T-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn kzoI-cn-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v 2

1 `mjm-N-cnX ]T-\-ß-fpsS ]k-‡nbpw e£yhpw .

2 `mjm-N-cnX cN\ ˛

* D]m-Zm-\-ßƒ ˛ tZi-N-cnXw , `mjm-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ ( imk-\-ßƒ , KŸ-h-cn-Iƒ ,

kmlnXyw , hymI-I-cWw , HutZym-KnI tcJ-Iƒ , ]X-ßƒ , `mjm-]-T-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh ) ,

61

kmlnXy ]h-W-X-Iƒ , kmaq-lnI `mjm- hkvXp-X-Iƒ kmln-Xy-c-N-\-Ifpw HutZym-KnI tcJ-

Ifpw `mjm-c-N-\°v D]-bp-‡-am-°p-tºmƒ i≤n-t°- hnj-b-ßƒ .

* A]-K-Y-\-co-Xn-Iƒ ˛ GI-Im-enI _lp-Im-enI ]T-\-co-Xn-Iƒ , B¥-c-

]p\:krjvSnbpw _mly-]p\:krjvSnbpw .

3 ]q¿∆-tI-c-f-`mj (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿). The Evolution of Malayalam Morphology ( LVR )

, The Evolution of Malayalam (A.C. Sekhar ) , Language of Middle Malayalam (Puthusseri

Ramachandran ) F∂o KŸ-ß-fpsS cN\m coXn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I.

4 ae-bmf `mj-bpsS cq]-h¬°-cWw .

* `mtj-X-c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ ˛ tZi-N-cnXw , kwkv°mcw , A\y-

kw-kv°m-c-kzm-[o-\-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bh.

* `mjm]-c-amb ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ ˛ae-bmf `mj-bpsS cq]-h¬°˛-

cWhpambn _‘-s∏´ hnhn[ aX-ßƒ ˛ kwkvIr-X-P-\y-hm-Zw,

kzX-¥-hmZw , D]-im-Jm-hmZw ,an-i-`m-jm-hmZw ,]q¿∆-X-angv ae-bm-f-

hmZw, \nco-£-W-ßfpw D]-Z¿i-\-ß-fpw.

* ae-bmfw F∂ t]cns‚ BKaw .

5 ae-bm-f-Øn¬ kw -hn® \h-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛]o-TnI , ]q¿∆-tI-c-f-`mj (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿) samgnbpw s]mcpfpw

(ae-bmf `mj-bpsS cq]-h¬°-cWw ˛h-kvXp-X-Ifpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpw F∂ teJ\w ˛

sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿ ) F∂o- ]p-kvX-I-ßƒ ]T-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn kzoI-cn-t°-- -

Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v 3

1 ae-bm-f-`mjm]cn-Wm-a-L-´-ßƒ ˛ tIc-f-]m-Wn\n , F¬.-hn.-cm-a-kzm-an-A-ø¿ ,

]`m-I--c-hm-cy¿ F∂n-h-cpsS \nco-£-W-ßƒ .

2 BZy-Im-e-a-e-bmfw

* imk-\-ß-fn-tebpw ]mNo-\-tc-J-I-fn-tebpw `mj.

* BZy-Ime kmlnXyw ˛cm-a-N-cn-Xw,-]m-No-\-a-Wn-]-hm-f-Im-hy-ßƒ F∂n-h-

bn-se-`mj

* BZyIme KZyw ˛ B´-]-Imcw , Ia-Zo-]nI , `mjm-Iu-S-eobw F∂n-h-

bn-se-`mj

3 IÆ-»-∑m-cpsS Imhy-ßƒ , a[y-Ime Nºp-°ƒ F∂n-h-bn-se-`mj.

62

4 sNdp-t»-cn-bpsS Imhy-ß-fnse `mj

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛]o-TnI , ]q¿∆-tI-c-f-`mj (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿)

ae-bmfw˛ am‰hpw hf¿®bpw(sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿) , `m-jm-N-cnXw

(F-kv.-hn.-th-Wp-tKm-]≥\m-b¿), The Evolution of Malayalam Morphology ( LVR ) , The

Evolution of Malayalam (A.C. Sekhar ) , Language of Middle Malayalam (Puthusseri

Ramachandran ) F∂o- ]p-kvX-I-ßƒ ]T-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn kzoI-cn-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v 4

1 Fgp-Ø-—≥ ,Ip-©≥\-ºym¿ F∂n-h-cpsS Imhy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v e`y-am-Ip∂

ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ .

2 anj\dn ae-bmfw ˛ anj\dnam-cpsS ss__nƒ X¿÷p-a-Iƒ , cN\Iƒ ,

]X-ßƒ, `mjm-]-T-\-ßƒ F∂nh ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\w.

3 Ad_n ae-bmfw ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o-\w.

4 sshtZ-inI `mjm-kzm-[o\ßƒ ˛ t]m¿´p-Kokv ,U®v , Cw•ojv kwkv°m-c-

ß-fp-tSbpw`mj-bp-tSbpw kzm[o-\w ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬.

5 ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ Imhy-ßƒ, ]®-a-e-bm-f-]-ÿm-\-Im-hy-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-eqsS

e`y-am-Ip∂ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS \ho-\-apJw .

6 BZy-Ime ]X-]-h¿Ø\w ˛ hc-samgn P\-Io-b-am-hp-Ibpw \ho-\-K-Zy-`mj

cq]-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kml-Ncyw.

ae-bmfw˛ am‰hpw hf¿®bpw(sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿),km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS (F-

Un. sI.Fw .tPm¿÷v.) ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xyhpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw (]n.sP tXmav ) F∂ ]pkvX-

I-Ønse " N¿®bpw ]qc-Whpw ' F∂ A\p-_‘w (kvI-dnb k°-dn-b) , Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw (k-

_o\ dm^n ) F∂o- ]p-kvX-I-ßƒ ]T-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn kzoI-cn-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v 5

1 B[q-\nI ae-bmfw .

* B[q-\nI hnZym-`ymkw ˛ ]mY-an-I,-Zzn-Xob(Primary and Secondary level ) hnZym-

`ymk taJ-e-I-fnse `mjm-]-T\w ae-bmf `mj-bn¬ hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ,

D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw `mjm-K-th-j-Whpw ae-bm-f-`m-jbv°p \evInb kw`m-h-\-

Iƒ., \nL-- p-°ƒ ,`m-jm-]-T-\-ßƒ ,hymI-c-W-K-Ÿ-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS cN-\-Iƒ

hcp-Ønb `mjm-h-t_m-[w.

63

* \ho-\-km-ln-Xy-c-N-\-I-fpsS ae-bm-f-£-a-X.

* am[y-a-ßƒ ae-bmf `mj-bn¬ hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛am-\-Io-I-c-

Whpw ]X-]-h¿Ø-\hpw , ]X-`mj ,Zr-iy- -imhyam[y-a-ß-fnse`mj,

ssk_¿-˛-sam-ss_¬ `mj , hmsam-gn-t -Z-ß-fpsS A\p-I-a-am-b-

Xn-c-kv°m-c-ßƒ .

2 `mjm Bkq-X-W-Øns‚ Bh-Iy-IX ˛ `c-W-`mj, H∂mw-`mj, t_m[\-`m-j,

hn\n-ab-`mj F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ amXr-`m-jsb ÿm]n-t°-- -Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX

`mjm Bkq-XW hIp-∏ns‚ ]k-‡n, `mj-bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-£-a-Xbpw k¿§m-fl-I-Xbpw

\ne-\n¿tØ-- -Xn-t‚bpw h¿≤n-∏n-t°-- -Xn-t‚bpw Bh-iy-IX

3 a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS £a-Xbpw `mjm kzXzhpw .

4 ae-bmf en]n Ncn-Xhpw en]n ]cn-jv°-cW hnNm-c-ßfpw .

5 ae-bmfw Iºyq-´nßv ˛ ae-bmfw t^m- p-Iƒ , en]y-¥-cW kwhn-[m\w

(transliteration ) ,

B[q-\nIkm-ln-Xy-N-cnXw (F-Un. sI.Fw .tPm¿÷v,F≥ kmw), sXfnhpw shfnhpw (sI.Fw

.]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿) ]X-`mj ( tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v ) , Fßs\ tªmKmw ( _m_p-cmPv ,Un.-

kn.-_pIvkv ) en]n-Ifpw am\-h-kw-kv°m-chpw (sI.-F. Peo¬ ) F∂o- ]p-kvX-I-ßƒ ]T-\-

Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn kzoI-cn-t°-- -Xm-Wv.

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

Zmhn-U-`m-jm-hym-I-cWw ( dh. Im¬Uz¬ )

Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw (k-_o\ dm^n )

B[q-\nIkm-ln-Xy-N-cnXw (F-Un. sI.Fw .tPm¿÷v,F≥ kmw)

Fßs\ tªmKmw ( _m_p-cmPv ,Un.-kn.-_pIvkv )

sXfnhpw shfnhpw (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿)

]X-`mj ( tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v )

en]n-Ifpw am\-h-kw-kv°m-chpw (sI.-F. Peo¬ )

ae-bmfw˛ am‰hpw hf¿®bpw(sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿)

64

km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS (F-Un. sI.Fw .tPm¿÷v.)

]q¿∆-tI-c-f-`mj (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿)

ae-bmfw˛ am‰hpw hf¿®bpw(sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿)

Fgp-Øn-S-ßƒ ˛ tUm. Sn .]-hn-X≥.

`m-jm-N-cnXw (F-kv.-hn.-th-Wp-tKm-]≥\m-b¿)

tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ( CfwIpfw Ip™≥]n≈ )

tIcf `mjm-hn-⁄m-\obw ( tUm.sI tKmZ-h¿Ω )

]m´pw aWn-]-hm-fhpw (Fw .Fw .]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿ )

`mjm-]-cn-Wmaw kn≤m-¥-ßfpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw ( Xncps\√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥)

ae-bm-f-Ønse ]c-Iob ]Z-ßƒ ( ]n.-Fw. tPmk^v )

anj-\dn ae-bm-f-K-Zy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ( kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏≈n )

ssk_¿a-e-bmfw ( kp\o-X.-Sn.-hn.)

ae-bmf `mjm-N-cnXw ( sI cXv\Ω )

ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xyhpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw (]n.sP tXmav )

Zmhn-U-`m-jm-imkvX ]T-\-ßƒ (sI.Fw .]-`m-I-c-hm-cy¿)

The Evolution of Malayalam Morphology ( LVR )

The Evolution of Malayalam (A.C. Sekhar )

Language of Middle Malayalam (Puthusseri Ramachandran )

65


skaÃ¿ 4

tImgvkv 14 Ce-IvSohv Xmc-X-ay-km-lnXyw (MAL 4 E 14 ( c) )

sIUn‰v 4

kmwkv°m-cnI-\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpsS krjvSn-bn¬ kmlnXyw hln-°p∂ ]¶v Gdn-h-cp∂p F∂-Xp-

sIm- v Xs∂ Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-Øn\v ]k‡n h¿≤n-®n-cn-°-bmWv .AXpsIm- v `mj

,kaqlw ,tZiw ,cmjvSw F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hyXy-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂ kmln-Xy-]-

h-W-X-Isfbpw ]ÿm-\-ß-sfbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-tcbpw IrXn-I-tfbpw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-

- p≈ ]T\w ]k-‡-am-Ip-∂p. Xmc-X-ay-km-lnXyw s]mXp-thbpw `mc-Xob kao-]\w hnti-

jn®pw ]Tn-t°-- -Xp- v .Xm-c-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-kn-≤m-¥-]-T-\-tØm-sSm∏w hnti-j-]m-T-ßsf

Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-\hpw thWw .A-ta-cn-°≥ bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ IrXn-I-

sfbpw CX-c-`mc-Xob `mjIfnse KŸ-ßsfbpw ae-bm-f-`m-jm-Ir-Xn-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-X-ay-s∏-Sp-

Øn-s°m- v hni-Z-]-T\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. t\mh¬ ,I-hnX ,B-fl-IY ,\m-SIw F∂okmln-Xy-]-

ÿm-\-ß-fnse IrXn-I-fmWv Xmc-X-ay-Øn-\p-th- n Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-´p-≈Xv .bqWn‰v 1

Xmc-Xay kmlnXyw ˛\n¿∆-N\w ˛]-k‡n ˛hn-j-b-hym]vXn ˛N-cnXw ˛kn-≤m¥w ˛km-am\yw

˛`m-c-Xobw ˛ Xmc-Xay kmlnXy]T\w ˛`m-c-Xobkao-]\w ˛ Xmc-Xay kmlnXyhpw hniz

kmln-Xyhpw ˛ Xmc-Xay kmlnXyØns‚ ]pXp-temI ]cn-t]£yw ˛kzm-[o-\Xm ]T\w ˛]-

Xy£ kzm[o-\-X-˛-k-am-\-X.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v * ˛kzm-[o-\Xm ]T\w.(Influence Study )

bbmXn ˛ hn ,Fkv .J-WvtU-°¿

C\n Rm≥ Dd-ßs´ ˛ ]n.sI ._m-e-Ir-jvW≥

bqWn‰v 2

A\p-hm-Z\w ˛hn-h¿Ø\w ˛ Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]k‡n .]-cn-`m-

jbpw Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\hpw .

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v * hnh¿Ø-\]T\w (Translation study )

taL-k-tµiw ˛ hnh : Xncp-\-√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥

aZn-tcm-’hw ˛ hnh : Nß-ºpg

66

bqWn‰v 3

cq]-\n-jvT-amb Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\w ˛ kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fpsS hn -P-\hpw h¿§o-I-c-W-

hpw˛ cq]-]-cn-Wmaw ˛cq-]-an-iWw ˛cq-]-\n-jvT-amb kmPmXysshPmXy-ßƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v * cq] ]T\w (Genre Study )

tIcf imIp-¥fw ˛ B‰q¿

sImSp-¶m‰v (sS-ºÃv ) ˛ hnh : amS-t»cn am[-h-hm-cy¿.

bqWn‰v 4

]ta-b-]-T\w ˛ ]ta-b-k-am-\X ˛]-ta-bm-h¿Ø\w

]ta-b-kzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]I-S-am-Ip∂ sshb-‡n-IX ˛ kmaq-lnI Xe-ßƒ ˛

]-ta-b-hn- -P\w ˛ tam´o^v , anØv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v * ]ta-b-]-T\w (Thematic Study)

Bc-WyIv ˛ hn`qXn `qj¨

hnj-I-\yI ˛ Fkv.sI .s]m-‰-°mSv

bqWn‰v 5

]ÿm-\-]-T\w ˛]-ÿm-\-ßfpw L´-ßfpw ˛ kam-\-X-Iƒ ˛hy-Xym-k-ßƒ˛

]ÿm-\-cq-]-h¬°-c-W-Øn-s‚-km-aq-lnI kmwkv°m-cnI ]›m-Øeßƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v * ]ÿm-\-]-T\w (Movement Study )

amPnIv emt‚¨ ˛ _¿§v am≥ (hnh : sI.-hn. F.-k-aZv )

Ac-ßp-Im-WmØ \S≥ ˛ Xnt°m-Sn-b≥.

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy-]-T\w ˛ Iºm-c-‰ohv en‰-td-®¿ skmssk‰n

2. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy]oTnI ˛ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

3. Xmc-Xay kmlnXyw˛X-Øzhpw

]k-‡nbpw ˛ s]m^. ]n.-H.-]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥.

67

4. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy]am-W-ßƒ˛ s]m^. ]n.-H.-]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥.

5. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-Xy]cn-Nbw ˛ tUm.-Nm-Ø-\mØv ANyp-X-\p-Æn.

6. Xmc-X-ay-km-ln-XyNn¥ ˛ tUm. Fw.-F≥. Imc-t»-cn.

7. `mc-Xo-b-kmlnXyNcnXw ˛ (kºm:) tUm.-sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

8. hnh¿Ø-\-Nn-¥-Iƒ ˛ tUm.-hn. B¿. ]t_m-[-N-µ≥.

9. Comparative Literature Theory

Practice - AmiyaDev ,Sisilkumar

10. Studies in Comparative Literature - Ed: dr. k. Ayyappappanikkar &

Beranard Fenn.

11. Studies in Comparative Literature-

Correct Approach - ChandraMohan

12. Comparative Literature Concepts –

Themes & movements - Raveendra Mohan.

68


skaÃ¿: 4.

tImgvkv 15 Ce-IvSohv t\mhepw sNdp-I-Ybpw (MAL 4 E 15 (a) )

sIUn-‰v-˛4

ae-bmf t\mh-en-s‚-bpw,-sN-dp-I-Y-bp-sSbpw DZv`h hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ˛ Imen-I-]-h-W-X-Iƒ- -

]u-c-kvXy-˛-]m-›mXy kzm[o-\-X-Iƒ ˛ cN-\m-]-c-amb kt¶-X-ßƒ- ˛cN\mX¥-ßƒ˛cq-]-Øn-

epw,- `m-h-Ønepw Bhn-jv°-c-W-Ønepw kw -hn® am‰-ßƒ ˛ \qX\ ]co-£-W-ßƒ-˛-k-a-Im-en\

t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-IYm ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS kz`mhw kq£va-ambn ]Tn-°m-\p-]-I-cn-bv°p∂ ]mTy-]-≤-

Xn-bmWv ChnsS kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv

`mc-X-Ønse IYm-]m-c-º-cy-hpw, BJym\ kt¶-X-ßfpw sshtZ-inI `mjI-fn¬ t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-

I-Ybv°v ssIh∂ hnIm-khpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-cn-bv°vWw. ]mXn-\n[y kz`m-h-

ap≈ t\mh-ep-I-fpw, IY-Ifpw hnti-j-\n-cn-£-W-Øn-\mbn \¬In-bn-cn-bv°-∂p. ae-bmf t\mh¬-

˛-sN-dp-IYm hn`m-K-ß-fpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-L-S-\-I-fn¬ B\p-Im-en-I-ßƒ hln® ]¶pw, CX-c

-`m-c-Xob `mj-I-fnse sNdp-IYm kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hnIm-khpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ a\-n-em-°n-bn-cn-

°Ww

Cu ]mTy-]-≤y-Xn-sIm- v c- p Imcy-ß-fmWv e£y-am-°p-∂Xv:

H∂v: ae-bmf t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-I-Ym-km-ln-XysØ°pdn®v ka-K-amb Adnhv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p-- m-

hp-I.

c- v: Bkzm-Z-\w, A]-K-Y-\w, hne-bncp-Ø¬ F∂n L´-ß-fn-eqsS kzX-¥-amb k¿§m-flI

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-tebv°v hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v IS∂p sN√p-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw kwPm-X-am-°p-I.

bqWn‰v: H∂v: t\mh-en-s‚-bpw, sNdp-I-Y-bp-sSbpw DZv`h ]›m-Ø-ew-˛-t\m-h¬-˛-sN-dp-IYm

kmln-Xy-cp-]-ß-fpsS ASn-th-cp-Iƒ˛sI-´p-I-Y-Iƒ-˛-]-©-X-¥w- -Cu-tkm-∏p-I-Y-Iƒ-˛-Pm-XI IY-

69

Iƒ-˛-I-Ym-k-cnXv kmK-cw˛ Zi-Ip-am-c-N-cn-Xw- -F-Ivkw-ª (Exempla),^m-ªn-tbmkv(Fabliause)-

Ad-_n-°-Y-Iƒ- -U-°m-a-d¨ IY-Iƒ-˛B-Jym-\-co-Xn-Iƒ-˛-Cw-•o-jv, ]©v,A-ta-cn-°≥,-d-jy≥,-

P¿Ω≥,-Pm-∏-\o-kv,-em-‰n-\tacn°≥ sNdp-I-Y-I-sf-°-dn-®p≈ kmam-\y-]-cn-⁄m-\w,-sdm-am≥kv,-

t\m-h-s√,-]n-°m-dkvIv F∂n kt¶-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W. ka-Im-en\ Pohn-X-Øns‚ NnXo-

I-cWw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]uc-kvXy-˛-]m-›mXy]mKv cq]-ßƒ°v t\mh-ep-am-bp-≈-_‘w

Adn™n-cn-°Ww.

bqWn‰v: c- v:

ae-bmf t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-I-Y-bnse -]m-›mXy kzm[n-\w-˛-a-e-bm-f-Ønse BZy-Ime t\mh-ep-I-fpw,-

sN-dp-I-Y-I-fpw. ankn-kvtIm-fn≥kv, B¿®vUo-°≥tIm-in,- A-∏p-s\-Sp-ßm-Sn, N¥p-ta-t\m≥,-th-ß-

bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥-\m-b-\m¿,-aq¿t°m-Øp-Ip-am-c≥,-sI.-kpIamc≥,- kn.-F-v.-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿,

AºmSn \mcm-b-W-s]m-Xp-hmƒ, C.-hn.-Ir-jvW-]n≈ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS t\mh¬-˛-sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ ]cn-

tim-[n-°Ww

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-I-Y-I-fp-sS-hn-ti-j-]-T\w

t\mh¬:-˛ (1) Ipµ-e-X˛ A-∏p-s\-Sp-ßm-Sn

(2) Cµp-teJ ˛ H.-N-¥p-ta-t\m≥

(3) imcZm ˛ H.-N-¥p-ta-t\m≥

sNdp-IY:˛ (1) aZn-cmin ]nØ-em-´w-˛- th-ß-bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb-\m¿

(2) Hcp acW]Xw ˛ aq¿t°m-Øp-Ip-am-c≥,-

(3) HmW-°me-Øp-In-´n-b-k-Ωm\w AYhm Bcm-s‚-Ip´n ˛

sI.- kpIamc≥,

(4) Ah-fpsS IY-sb-gpØv ˛ C.-hn.-Ir-jvW-]n≈

(5) HcpbYm¿∞ `mcy ˛ X®ms´ tZh-In-t\-Xym-cΩ

bqWn‰v: aq∂v: C¥y≥ tZio-b-\-thm-∞m-\hpw ae-bmf t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-I-Y-bpsS hf¿®-bpw.

]ptcm-K-a\ kmln-Xy-]-ÿm\w ˛ Poh¬ kmln-Xy-]-ÿm\w Pohn-X-bm-Ym¿∞y-kv]¿in-bmb

tkmt±-iy-I-Y-Iƒ ˛ Pohn-X-Øns‚ hymJym-\m-flI kmln-Xy-ambn ae-bmf t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-I-Y-

Iƒ hf¿∂-Xns‚]cn-WmaNcnXw˛X-Ign,tI-i-h-tZ-hv,- s]m≥Ip-∂w-h¿°n, Imcq¿, ssh°w apl-

70

Ω-Zv_-jo¿,-D-dq-_v,Fkv.-sI.-s]m-‰-°m-Sv, efn-Xmw-_nIm A¥¿÷-\w, ]pfn-am\, hn.-Sn.- -´-Xn-cn-∏m-

Sv,sI.k-c-kz-Xn-b-Ω,-Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpsS cN-\-I-fp-ambn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-ńcn°Ww

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ t\mh¬-˛-sN-dp-I-Y-I-fp-sS- hn-ti-j-]-T\w

t\mh¬:-˛ (1) c- n-S-ßgn ˛ XIgn

(2) DΩm®p ˛ Ddq_v

(3) ]mØp-Ωm-bpsS BSv ˛ _jo¿

sNdp-IY:˛ (1) Xl-kn¬Zm-cpsS A—≥ ˛ XIgn

(2) i_vZn-°p∂ Ie∏ ˛ s]m≥Ip-∂w-h¿°n

(3) cm®n-bΩ ˛ Ddq_v

(4) sX‰p-Xn-cp-Ø¬ ˛ sI.k-c-kz-Xn-b-Ω,

(5) hniz-hn-Jym-X-amb aq°v ˛ _jo¿

bqWn‰v: \mev: kuµ-cym-flI/sshIm-cnI t\mh-ep-I-fpw, IY-I-fpw-˛-ssh-b-‡n-I-Po-hn-Xm-\p- -h-

ßƒ t\mh-ep-I-fnepw IY-I-fn-epw-˛-]-´mf t\mh-ep-Iƒ ˛ IY-Iƒ˛

tImhn-e≥,-]m-d-∏p-d-Øv,-\-¥-\m¿,- Sn.-]-fl-\m-`≥, Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿,-

am-[-hn-°p-ń,-F≥.-]n.-ap-lΩZv,- hn.-sI.-F≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS cN-\-I-fp-ambn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]cn-N-

b-s∏-ń-cn-°Ww.


t\mh¬:-˛ (1) \mep-sI´v ˛ Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿

(2) XÍw ˛ tImhn-e≥

(3) Hcp-h-gnbpw Iptd \ng-ep-Ifpw ˛ cmP-e£van

sNdp-IY:˛ (1) ]Im-iw-]-c-Øp∂ Hcp-s]Ïpń ˛ Sn.-]-fl-\m-`≥,

(2) Ccp-ńs‚ Bflmhv ˛ Fw.-Sn.

(3) ]£n-bpsS aWw ˛ am[-hn-°pń

(4) A\p-c-RvP\w ˛ tImhn-e≥

(5) sX‰p-Iƒ ˛ cmP-e£van

bqWn‰v A©v : B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS hf¿®-˛-A-\p- -h-ß-fpsS \qX-\-I-ev]-\-I-fp-sSbpw

A`nkwXaWw t\mh¬˛ sNdp-I-Y-I-fn¬˛ sshb-‡n-I-X-bpsS AXn-]-k-cw˛ AXn-Zp¿K-l-X˛

71

AXn-`m-hp-I-Xzw˛ AkvXznXz-hn-Nm-cw-˛-k-a-Im-en\ kw -h-ß-fpsS ]Xn-^-e-\w˛ Im°-\m-S≥, Hm.-

hn.-hn-P-b≥, Fw.-ap-Ip-µ≥, tkXp,- k-°-dn-b,

Fw.-hn.-\m-cm-b-W-]n-≈,-km-dm-tPm-k-^v,- F≥.-F-kv.-am-[-h≥,- ]n.-h’e,- ]-fl-cm-P≥,-

Sn.-hn.-sIm-®p-_mh XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS cN-\-I-fp-ambn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-cn-bv°vWw.


t\mh¬:-˛ (1)- X-e-ap-d-Iƒ ˛ Hm.-hn.-hn-P-b≥

(2) tIi-hs‚ hnem-]-ßƒ ˛ Fw.-ap-Ip-µ≥

(3) amddmØn ˛ km-dm-tPm-k-^v

sNdp-IYIƒ;˛ (1) Im‰p-]-d-™-IY ˛ ˛ Hm.-hn.-hn-P-b≥

(2) Ae-dp∂ Aÿn-IqSw ˛ k°-dnb(k-emwAtacn° F∂-k-am-lm-cw)

(3) BZn-Nm-Ø≥ ˛ Fw.-hn.-\m-cm-b-W-]n≈

(56 kX-Ken F∂ kam-lm-cw)

(4) hnb¿∏-S-bm-f-ßƒ ˛ km-dm-tPm-k-^v

(Im-Sn-Xp-I-- m-tbm -Im¥m F∂ kam-lm-cw)

(5) iq` kwKo-Xw ˛ Sn.-hn.-sIm-®p-_mh (hn√∑m¿ kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ

F∂ kam-lm-cw)

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ: (t\m-h¬)

(1) t\mh¬ ]iv\-ßfpw ]T-\-ßfpw ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥

(2) amdp∂ ae-bmf t\mh¬ ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥

(3) t\mh¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ XIgn apX¬ apIp-µ≥ hsc ˛ Atim-I≥.sI

(4) t\mh¬ t\mh-en-Ãns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ ˛]n.-tI-i-h-tZhv

(5) Fkv.-sI.-s]m-s‰-°m-´v-˛-Po-hn-Xhpw IrXn-I-fpw-˛-]n.-Ir-jvW≥

(6) t\mh-en-Ãns‚ inev]-im-e-˛-Sn.-F≥.-P-b-N-µ≥

(7) Ddq_v : hy‡nbpw kmln-Xy-Im-c-\pw-˛-FUn : tPm¿÷v Ccp-ºbw

(8) .-s]m-s‰-°m-´v : hy‡nbpw kmln-Xy-Im-c-\pw-˛-FUn : tPm¿÷v Ccp-ºbw

(9) 19˛m-w \q‰m-- nse ae-bmf t\mh¬˛ tPm¿÷v Ccp-ºbw

(10) ae-bmf t\mh¬ kmln-Xy Ncn-Xw˛ tUm : sI.-Fw.-X-c-I≥

(11) B[p-\nI t\mh¬Z¿i\w ˛ tUm : sI.-Fw.-X-c-I≥

72

(12) ae-bmf t\mhens‚ thcp-Iƒ˛ Xp-ºa¨ tXmakv

(13) `mhp-IXzw amdp∂p ˛ B¿.-\-tc-µ-]-kmZv

(14) t\mh¬ kn≤nbpw km[-\bpw ˛ ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW≥

(15) t\mh-ens‚ hn`m-K-ßƒ ˛ s\Snbw ho´n¬ _me-Ir-jvW-ta-t\m≥

(16) t\mh-ep-I-fn-epsS ˛ sI.-]n.-i-c-XvNµ≥

(17) A‘-\mb ssZhw ˛ tUm : ]n.-sI.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥

(18) ]Xy-£-h¬I-cWw t\mh-en¬ ˛ hnem-kn\n

(19) t\mh¬kz-cp]w ˛ sI.-kp-tc-µ≥

(20) t\mh¬ kmlnXyw ˛ Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ

(21) The turn of the Novel – Alen Friedman

(22) The 20th

Century Novel – J.W.Beach

(23) The craft of the Novel – Colin Wilson

(24) The Novel and the Modern world – David Daichos

(25) The structure of the Novel – Edwin

(26) Aspects of the Novel – E.M. Forster

(27) Character of the Novel – Harvey.W.J.

(28) The Rise of the Novel - Iamwatt

(29) TheArt of the Novel – James Henry

(30) The Modern Novel.Vol.. I – Paulwest

(31) The Living Novel – Pritcherr V.S

(32) The Novel and the people – Ralph Fox

(33) A Guide to the Novel – Richard.M.Eastman

(34) Plot, Story and the Novel – Robert.L. Casenio

(35) The Development of the English Novel – Willbar. L. Cross

(36) The English Novel – Walter Allen

(37) The Theory of the Novel – (Ed:) Philip Stevide

(38) A Treatise on the Novel – Robert Liddell.

73

(39) Linguistics and the Novel – Roger Fowler

(40) The Growth of the English Novel – Richard Church

(41) Time and the Novel – Mendilow.A.A

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ: (sNdp-IY)

(1) sNdp-IYm ]ÿm\w ˛ Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ

(2) sNdp-IY ˛ C∂se C∂v ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥

(3) ae-bmf sNdp-IYmkm-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ tUm:Fw.-Fw.-_-jo¿

(4) `mc-Xo-b-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ Vol.. 2.FUn.:tUm:sI.-Fw.-tPm¿÷v

(5) ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xy]ÿm\w ˛ \nemhpw shfn-®hpw ˛ ]n.-sI.-tKm-]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

(6) tIc-f-Ønse ]ptcm-K-a-\-]ÿm\Øns‚ NcnXw ˛ Fw.-B¿. Nµ-ti-J-c≥

(7) ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-ln-Xyhpw a‰pw ˛ kpIp-am¿ Agn-t°mSv

(8) kmt¶-XnI \ncp-]-W-ßƒ ˛ G. _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈

(9) Iptd-°pSn kmt¶-XnI \ncp-]-W-ßƒ ˛ G. _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈

(10) ImYn-Is‚ ]Wn-∏pc ˛ Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

(11) ImYn-Is‚ Ie ˛ Fw.-Sn.-hm-kp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

(12) NnX-I-ebpw sNdp-I-Ybpw ˛ Sn.-B¿

(13) cmP-e£van F∂ Fgp-Øp-Imcn -˛ Hcp Iq´w teJ-Iƒ

(14) Imcq¿ ]T\w ˛ FUn: Fw.-Fw.-_-jo¿

(15) s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n-bpsS IY-Iƒ ˛ cta-iv Nµ≥

(16) Xcnip\n-e-Øns‚ IY-Iƒ ˛ If¿tImSv hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿

(17) Bflmhns‚ apdn-hp-Iƒ ˛ Fw.-tXm-a-kvamXyp

(18) acp-`q-an-Iƒ D- m-hp-∂Xv ˛ Fw.-F≥.-hn-P-b≥

(19) IY-˛-BJym-\hpw A\p- -h-k-Øbpw ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥

(20) sNdp-I-Y-bpsS Oµv ˛ hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW≥

(21) Fw.-Sn.- I-Ybpw s]mcpfpw ˛ (F-Un) Fw.-Fw.-_-jo¿

(22) \ho-\IY ˛ (F-Un) Fw.-Fw.-_-jo¿

(23) IYbpw ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw ˛ Pn.-a-[p-kp-Z-\≥

(24) F¥mWv B[p-\n-IX ? ˛ Fw.-ap-Ip-µ≥

74

(25) IYbpw ^m‚-knbpw ˛ h’-e≥ hmXp-t»cn

(26) IYm-¥m-c-ßƒ ˛ tUm: ]n.-sI.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥

(27 FIm-¥-\-K-c-ßƒ ˛ tUm: ]n.-sI.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥

(28) B[p-\nI kmln-Xy-NcnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-epsS ˛ (F-Un) sI.-Fw.-tPm¿÷v

(29) Narrative – A Seminar – (Ed. ) Amiya Dev Kendra Sahitya Acadamy

(30) The Art of Fiction – Henry James

(31) The Lonely Voice – A Study of the short story- Frank.D’Connor

(32) The Rhetoric of Fiction – Wayre,C. Booth

(33) The writers of Fiction – Theodore Goodman

(34) How to write short stories - Thomson

(35) Writers Great short stories – Mas garet Lucke

(36) Hand book of short story writing (Ed Frank.A. Dickson

(37) The craft of Fiction – Percy bubbock

(38) The Art of Fiction – David C odse

(39) American Women short story written Ed: Juilie Brown

(40) The shape of Fiction – Alen Casty.

75


skaÃ¿ 4

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv 15 B[p-\nI IhnX (MAL4 E 15(b))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\yhpw ka-Im-enI Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn®v

khn-ti-j-hp-amb [mcW D- m-°m-\mWv ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv. ]_-e-ß-fmb ]ÿm-\-

ßsf°pdn®pw ]h-W-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-ap-- v. Imev]-\n-I-X, B[p-\n-I-X,

B[p-\n-Im-\-¥cw XpS-ßnb Imhy-]-ÿm-\-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ]Tn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hn]p-e-

am-sbmcp taJ-e-bmWv ]Tn-°m-\p-≈sX-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]mXn-\n[y kz`m-h-ap≈ Nneh amXta

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈p. ka-Im-en-I-amb Ihn-X-IƒIqSn A[ym-]-I¿ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-- -Xp-- v.

bqWn‰v ˛ 1.

Ihn-X-b-ß-sf-∏‰n ]Tn-°p∂p ae-bmf alm-Im-hy-˛JWvU Imhy `mhp-IXzw ]cn-h¿Øn-X-am-

Ip∂ Zi-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv ]T\ e£yw.

hni-Z-]-T\w:˛

Nn¥m-hn-jvT-bmb koX ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

t]akwKoXw ˛ D≈q¿

thZw \o hmbn-®n-´pt- m ˛ s]mbvI-bn¬ A∏-®≥

bqWn‰v :˛ 2

ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse Imev]-\nI ]ÿm-\sØ ]cn-N-bs∏Sp-Øp-∂p,-a-e-b-hn-em-kw, Hcp hnem-]w,

IÆp-\o¿Øp≈n XpS-ßnb IrXn-Ifpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

hni-Z-]-T\w

76

1. hn´-b-bv°pI ˛ _mem-a-Wn-bΩ

2. kmK-c-KoXw ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp∏v

3. ]mSp∂ ]nimNv ˛ Nß-ºpg

4. IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n

5. a¨Ip-S-Øns‚ hne ˛ ]n.-Ip-™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿

6. Ipcn-in-t\mSv ˛ knÃ¿ tacn-_-\oRvP

bqWn‰v:˛ 3.

Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS XpS¿®bpw CS¿®bpamWv ChnsS ]Xn-]m-Zyw. Imhy-`m-j-bnepw ]cn-N-c-W-

Ønepw h∂p-tN¿∂ hyXn-bm-\-ßfpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ChnsS ]Tn-°p-∂p.

1. ]qX-∏m´v ˛ CS-t»cn

2. aZn-cm-in-bnse Hcp kmbm”w F≥.-hn.-Ir-jvW-hm-cy¿

3. k¿K-kw-KoXw ˛ hb-em¿

4. Hcp s]m∂m-\n-°m-cs‚ at\m-cmPyw Fw.-tKm-hn-µ≥

6. tIcfw hf-cp∂p ˛ ]mem-\mcmbW≥v\mb¿

7. H∂p-an√ ˛ B¿. cma-N-µ≥

8. k^-e-ao-bmX ˛ F≥.-F≥.-I-°mSv

9. D∏v ˛ H.-F≥.hn

10. IrjvW \osbs∂ And-bn√ ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

bqWn‰v:˛ 4

B[p-\nI Ihn-Xsb ]Tn-°p-∂p. AXns‚ `n∂-ap-J-ßƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hni-Z-]-T\w:˛

1.- Ip-cp-t£Xw ˛ Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿

2. IS-Ω-\n´ ˛ IS-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvW≥

3. Ch-s\-°qSn ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

4. sIm®n-bn-sehr-£-ßƒ ˛ sI.-Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n≈

5. Kk¬ ˛ _me-N-µ≥Np-≈n-°mSv

6. Idp∏v ˛ F.-A-ø-∏≥

7. A©n-Xƒ hn\m-bIw ˛ Un.-hn-\-b-N-µ≥

77

8. XmX-cm-am-bWw ˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

9. a\p-jy-]-Z¿i\w ˛ Ipco-∏p-g-io-Ip-am¿

10. cmjvS-X¥w ˛ Sn.-]n.-cm-Po-h≥

11. I- Øn ˛ cmL-h≥ AtØmfn

bqWn‰v:˛ 5

ka-Im-eo\ Ihn-X-bmWv ChnsS ]Tn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXy¥w hn]p-ehpw ]Xn-`n-∂-hp-amWv

AXv. Ne-\m-fl-I-amb h¿Ø-am\ Ihn-Xm-a-WvUew IqSn A[y-b-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw. ]cn-

h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´ Ihn-X-Iƒ°pw CuL-´-Øn¬ ]mapJyw D- m-hp-∂p-- v. AXpw A≤ym-]-

I≥ ]cm-a¿in-t°-- -Xp-- v.

hni-Z-]-T\w:˛

1. ]- p-]-- n-hnSw ImSm-bn-cp∂p ˛ kn.-F-kv.-P-b-N-µ≥

2. hnev]\ ˛ sk_m-Ãy≥

3. shj-°mb ˛ Fw.-B¿.-tc-Wp-Ip-am¿

4. IYm-tijw ˛ Bim-eX

5. I√v ˛ ]n.-G.-\m-kn-ap-Zo≥

6. \o h∂ \mƒ ˛ Ipgq¿ hn’≥

7. am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω Fßs\ c£-s∏´p ˛ sI.-k-Pohv Ipam¿

8. Ce-Iƒ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. ˛ inh-Zmkv ]qd-tacn

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

Ihn-X-bpsS \q‰m- v ˛ Fw.-F≥.-hn-P-b≥(-F.-Un)

Imhy-Ie Ipam-c-\m-im-\n-eqsS ˛ ]n.-sI.-_m-e-Ir-jvW≥

h¿Æ-cmPn ˛ Fw.-eo-em-hXn

Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏ns‚ `mhKoXw ˛ tUm.-Un.-_-©-an≥

Ihn-X-bpw-Im-ehpw ˛ sI.-k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥

78

IrXn Hcp Irjn-`qan ˛ tUm.-sI.-`m-kvI-c≥\m-b¿

Xnc-kvImcw ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥

Ihn-bpsS Iem-X¥w ˛ tUm.-tZ-i-aw-K-ew-cm-a-Ir-jvW≥

ZfnXv kmlnXyw ˛ tNc-h≈n iin

Nn¥-bn-se-cq-]Iw ˛ hn.-kn.-io-P≥

Imev]-\n-IX ˛ _n.-lr-Z-b-Ip-amcn

Ihn-X-bn-se-\mSpw \K-chpw ˛ tUm.-F.-\pPpw

]cn-k-c-I-hnX ˛ tUm.-F¬.-tXm-a-kvIp´n

IS-Ω-\n-´-bn-te-bvs°mcp \S-∏mX ˛ tUm.-B¿.-kp-tcjv

bph-I-hn-X-°q´w ˛ tUm.-sI.-Fw.-th-Wp-tKm-]m¬(-F.-Un)

\mem-anSw ˛ sI.-k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (F.-Un)

79


skaÃ¿ 4

Ce-IvSohv tImgvkv ae-bm-f- km-ln-Xy-hn-a¿i\w (MAL 4 E 15(c))

sIUn-‰v-˛4

ae-bm-f- km-ln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-Øns‚ D¬]-Ønbpw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wmaß-fpw- Im-em-\p-I-a-

ambn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I-bmWv CutImgvkns‚ e£yw.]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ AXm-Xn-S-ß-fn¬ sIm-

Sp-Øn-´p-s- -¶nepw ka-Im-en-I-\n-cq-]-W-ßfpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ kmam-\y-]-T-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-t°-

- -Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v H∂v : Imhy-]-T\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ ]mcw- -Zi

1. eoem-Xn-eIw F∂ kmln-Xy-e-£-W-KŸw ˛ ckw , Imhyw, `mj, KpW-tZm-jm-e-¶m-cmZn-

Iƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ eoem-Xn-eIØnse N¿®.

2. ae-bm-f-Ønse hymJym-\-]m-c-ºcyw ˛ ]mNo-\-a-[y-Im-e-L-´-ß-fn¬ kwkvIr-X-Im-hy-

ßƒ°pw kvtXmX-ßƒ°pw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-- mb hymJym-\-ßƒ ˛ Ah-bnse kmln-Xo-

b-k-ao-]\w ˛ kmln-Xym≤y-b\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬

3. tIm´-bØp Xºp-cm≥, DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿, Kncn-Pm-I-eym-W-Im-c≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ kzIm-hy-ß-

fn¬ Imhye£-Ww, Imhy-kz-cq-]w, Imhy-L-S\ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®p \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-

ßƒ ˛ a[y-Imeae-bm-f-kmln-XyØnse Ihn-I-fpsS Imhy-k-¶ev]w

bqWn‰v c- v B[p-\n-I-hn-a¿i\-Øns‚ Bhn¿`mhw

1. tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ ˛ `mjmkmln-Xy hnIm-k-sØ∏‰n Ah-Xm-cn-I-

Ifpw \ncq-]-W-ßfpw ]pkvX-Im-`n-]m-b--ß-fpw, ]mk-hm-Zhpw AXn¬ tIc-f-h¿Ω

hln® ]¶pw.

2. ]X-]-h¿Ø-\hpw kmln-Xy-hn-a¿ihpw ˛ kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\ms‚ kw`m-h\

3. hna¿i\w kmln-Xy-Ncn-X-Øn¬ ˛ Kth-j-Whpw ]T-\hpw \ncq-]-Whpw kmln-Xy-Ncn-

X-Øn¬ ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse ]Yakmln-Xy-Ncn-Xw ˛ k¿hm-[n-Im-cy-°m¿ tKmhn-µ-∏n-≈-

bpsS kmln-Xy-k-ao-]-\w.

80

hni-Z-]-T\w

1. ZznXo-bm-£-c-]mkw ˛ tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥

2. imcZ ˛ kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m≥( kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\ms‚ kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i\w, kºm.

tUm.-Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c≥, amXr-`q-an)

3. Xp©-Øp-cm-am-\p-P≥ Fgp-Ø-—≥(-J-WvUnI 374 apX¬ 405 hsc) ˛ `mjm-N-cnXw ˛ ]n.

tKmhn-µ-∏n-≈-

bqWn‰v aq∂v: \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ hf¿®

1. G.-B-dns‚ \ncp-]Ww ˛ Ah-Xm-cn-IIfpw ]T-\-ß-fpw, kmln-XyØnse KZy kmln-Xy-

XØzw

2. kmln-Xy]©m-\≥ ˛ Poh-N-cn-X-]-chpw ]mWvUn-Xym-[n-jvTn-X-hpam-b-\n-cq-]Ww

3. sI.-cm-a-Ir-jvW-∏n-≈-bp-sSbpw, aq¿t°m-Øp-Ip-am-c-s‚bpw hna¿i-\-ßƒ

4. Ihn-X-b-Øns‚ \ncq-]-Ww.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. \fn-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ F.-B¿.-cm-P-cm-P-h¿Ω

2. NnX-tbm-K-\n-cq-]Ww I,II ˛ Ipam-c-\m-i≥

3. HSp-hn¬ Ip™p-°r-jvW-tat\m≥ ˛ D≈p¿

4. eoe ˛ Hcp \ncq-]Ww ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

bqWn‰v \mev: ae-bm-f-\n-cq-]-W-Øn¬ sshtZ-inI kzm[o\w

1. tIkcn F. _me-Ir-jvW-]n-≈, Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ, Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm-cv, ap- -t»-cn, Ip‰n-∏p-g,

sI.-`m-kvI-c≥ \mb¿, F≥.-hn.-Ir-jvW-hm-cy¿, kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°m-Sv, Fkv.-Kp-]vX≥ \mb¿

F∂n-h-cn-eqsS ae-bm-f-hn-a¿i\w B¿÷n® hf¿®.

2. ]ÿm-\w, kt¶-Xw, kuµ-cym-fl-I-X, [¿Ω\n-jvT-X, cq]- -Z-X, kmaq-ln-I-]-Xn-_--≤X

F∂nh ae-bm-f-hn-a¿i\Øn¬

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. _mey-Im-e-kJn Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ

2. Bims‚ eoe ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm-cv

3. kmln-Xy-Ie ˛ ap- -t»-cn (Im-hy-]o-Tn-I)

4. Bims‚ koXm-Imhyw ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°m-Sv

5. im¥-c-khpw ckm-\p-`q-Xnbpw ˛ Fkv.-Kp-]vX≥ \mb¿

6. IrXn- Hcp Irjn-`qan ˛ sI.-`m-kvI-c≥ \mb¿,

bqWn‰v \mev:

81

a\x-imkvXw, \c-hw-i-im-kvXw, am¿Ivkn-kw, tamtU-Wn-kw, t]mkv‰v tamtU-Wn-kw apX-

emb ]m›m-Xy-Nn-¥m-[m-c-I-fp-sSbpw ]m›m-Xy-hna¿i\-k-º-Zmbßfp-sSbpw kzm[o-\-Øns‚

^e-ambn ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-Øn-\p-- mb hf¿®, Fw.-]n.-i-¶p-Æn-\m-b¿,

Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn, Fw.-F≥.-hn-P-b≥, k®n-Zm-\-µ≥, sI.-]n.-A-∏≥, Bjm-ta-t\m≥, hn.-cm-P-Ir-

jvW≥, _n.-cm-Po-h≥, B¿.-hn-iz-\m-Y≥, hn.-kn.-io-P≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-

Øn\p \evInb ]pXnb am\-ßƒ.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. klys‚ aI≥ ˛ Fw.-F≥.-hn-P-b≥

2. at\m-hn-⁄m-\obw Ihn-X-bn¬ ˛ Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn (I-hn-Xbpw imkvX-hpw)

3. IΩyqWn-k-Øn¬ \n∂p apt∂m´v ˛ Fw.-tKm-hn-µ≥

4. Xnc-kv°mcw ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥

5. Ipd-Øn- H-c¿∞m-¥-c-\ymkw ˛ hn.-kn.-io-P≥

6. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Nph-∂-hm¬ ˛ B¿.-\-tc-µ-]-kmZvv

7. eh-W-tZ-h-X-amcpw Im™n-c-hn-K-lhpw ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ ( Ihn-X)

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

eoem-Xn-eIw

tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw hmeyw 1. ˛ D≈q¿

]kw-K-kw-Klw ˛ tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥

]_-‘-kw-Klw ˛ F.-B¿.-cm-P-cm-P-h¿Ω

kmln-Xy-kmlyw ˛ F.-B¿.-cm-P-cm-P-h¿Ω

]mk-hmZw ˛ kºm. tUm.- Fkv.-sI. hk-¥≥

kn.-]n.-A-Nyp-X-ta-t\ms‚ kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i\w ˛ kºm. tUm.-Sn.-]n.-kp-Ip-am-c≥, amXr-`q-an)

]©m-\-\s‚ hna¿i-\-Xbw ˛ ]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n≈

Bim≥ hna¿i-a-Øns‚ BZy-c-ivan-Iƒ ˛ aq¿t°m-Øp-Ip-am-c-≥

KŸ-hn-lmcw ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

tIk-cn-bpsS kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\-ßƒ ˛ ]km.-F-kv.-]n.-kn.-F-kv.

Ie PohnXw Xs∂ ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm-cv

ae-bm-f-\n-cq-]Ww C∂se ˛ kºm. Fkv.-Kp-]vX≥ \mb¿

ae-bm-f-hn-a¿iw \º¿ 9

\ncq-]Ww ]pXnb apJw ˛ FUn. B¿. cma-N-µ≥

82

\ho-\-hn-a¿i\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ amºpg A∏p-°p-´≥

B[p-\n-Im-\-¥-c-km-ln-Xy-a-k-ao-]-\-ßƒ ˛ FUn.-kn.-sP.-tPm¿÷v

ae-bm-f-kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\w ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°m-Sv

Imƒ am¿Ivkns‚ Iem-Z¿i\w ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (aƒ_-dn)

am¿Ivkn-khpw Iebpw ˛ sI.-F-kv.-\m-cm-b-W-]n≈(aƒ_-dn)

DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ kn.-_n.-kp-[m-I-c≥

DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ h¿Ø-am-\hpw hwim-h-enbpw ˛ sI.-]n.-A-∏≥

\h-bp-Kinev]n cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω ˛ cma-N-µ≥\m-b¿

B[p-\n-tIm-Ø-c-X, hni-I-e-chpw hna¿i-\hpw ˛ hn.-kn.-io-P≥

kmln-Xy-ao-amwk Xmc-X-ay-]-cn-t]£yw ˛ NmØ-\mØv ANyp-X-\pÆn

]mThpw s]mcpfpw ˛ kn.-cm-tP-µ≥

adpXnc ImØp-\n-∂-t∏mƒ ˛ tUm.-hn.-cm-P-Ir-jvW≥

A¥-∏m-bn-bp-sSbpw aq- -t»-cn-bp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-]-£-]m-X-ßƒ ˛ tUm.-sI. i¶-c-\pÆn

Fw.-]n. t]mfns‚ kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i\w ˛ tUm.-Fw.-ap-c-fo-[-c≥

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Board of studies Malayalam ( P.G)

Dr. Pavithran T, Dept. of Malayalam , University of Calicut. (Chairman )

Dr. P.M. Vijayappan, (Retd.) Dept. of Malayalam , University of Calicut

Dr. L.Thomas Kutty , Dept. of Malayalam , University of Calicut.

Dr. RajendraBabu, HOD , Dept.of Malayalam, University of Madras.

Dr. Sreekumari, Dept.of Malayalam , Madhurai Kamaraj University.

Dr. P.Muraleedharan, Dept.of Malayalam, Govt. Victoria College ,Palakkad.

Dr.Anil Kumar ,Dept.of Malayalam SriVivekananda College ,Kunnamkulam.

Dr. N.Sankaranunni , Dept.of Malayalam Sree Krishna College , Guruvayoor.

Sri. E.S .Satheesan ,Dept.of Malayalam Sree KeralaVarma College , Thrissur.

Sri.M.Sathian ,Dept.of Malayalam,Govt. Arts & Science College,Kozhikode.

Sri.Suresh Babu, Chairman, Board of studies Malayalam (U.G)

malayalam ma syllabus universiy of calicut ma...4 university of calicut credit & semester system...

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