male reproductive system
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• TO REVIEW THE COMPONENTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• TO CHARACTERIZE THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE TESTIS
• TO UNDERSTAND THE HORMONAL REGULATION AND PROCESS OF SPERMATOGENESIS
• TO IDENTIFY THE HISTOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND ACCESSORY GLANDS
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTES
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
SEMINAL VESICLES
PROSTATE
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
URETHRA
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS
- thick connective tissue capsule- connective tissue septa divide
testis into 250 lobules
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
- each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue
- produce sperm
INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
- contains Leydig cells which produce testosterone
(2) RECTUS TUBULES(2) RECTUS TUBULES
(3) RETE TESTIS(3) RETE TESTIS
(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES
(5) EPIDIDYMIS(5) EPIDIDYMIS
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TESTIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EPIDIDYMIS
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
Mediastinum containing
RETE TESTIS
LOBULES
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TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
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SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
INTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUE
TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
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TESTIS H&ETESTIS H&E
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULESSEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
INTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONN. TISSUE
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TESTIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TUNICA VAGINALIS
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUMSEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM
- complex stratified epithelium containing two basic cell populations:
(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS
(2) SERTOLI CELLS
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TESTIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUMSEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM
- complex stratified epithelium containing two basic cell populations:
(1) SPERMATOGENIC CELLS
(2) SERTOLI CELLS
stem cells which regularly replicate and differentiate into mature sperm as they migrate toward the lumen
nonreplicating physical support cells
INTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUEINTERSTITIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
(1) LEYDIG CELLS
produce and release testosterone
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SERTOLI CELLS
SERTOLI CELLS
SPERMATOGONIASPERMATOGONIA
1º SPERMATOCYTE1º SPERMATOCYTE
2º SPERMATOCYTE2º SPERMATOCYTE
SPERMATIDSSPERMATIDS
SPERMATOGENESISSPERMATOGONIASPERMATOGONIA 1º SPERMATOCYTE1º SPERMATOCYTE 2º SPERMATOCYTE2º SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATIDSSPERMATIDS
SERTOLI CELLS:SERTOLI CELLS:
- columnar with adjoining lateral processes- columnar with adjoining lateral processes
- Sertoli-Sertoli junctions divide seminiferous tubules into basal and adluminal compartments
- Sertoli-Sertoli junctions divide seminiferous tubules into basal and adluminal compartments
- extend from basal lamina to lumen- extend from basal lamina to lumen
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES SPERMATOGENESISTHREE PHASES:
(1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis)
- spermatogonia proliferate by mitotic divisions to provide stem cells and cells which will proceed through spermatogenesis (1º spermatocytes)
(2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis)
- diploid cells (2n) created in spermatogonial phase give rise to haploid cells (1n)
- Meiosis I (reduction division) & Meiosis II (equatorial division)
- 1º spermatocytes enter Meiosis I to form 2º spermatocytes which then enter Meiosis II and result in spermatids
(3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis)
- spermatid differentiation into spermatazoa
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATOGENESISTHREE PHASES:
(1) Spermatogonial Phase (Mitosis)
(2) Spermatocyte Phase (Meiosis)
(3) Spermatid Phase (Spermiogenesis)
- acrosome formation; golgi granules fuse to form acrosome that contains hydrolytic enzymes which will enable the spermatozoa to move through the investing layers of the oocyte
- flagellum formation; centrioles and associate axoneme (arrangement of microtubules in cilia)
- changes in size and shape of nucleus; chromatin condenses and shedding of residual body (cytoplasm)
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMIOGENESISMature sperm 60µm long and acquire full motility in epididymis
(1) HEAD
(2) NECK
(3) TAIL
- nucleus and acrosome
- centriole and connecting piece
- middle piece(axoneme, outer dense fibers, mitochondial sheath)
- principal piece
(axoneme, outer dense fibers, fibrous sheath)
- end piece
(axoneme)
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMIOGENESIS
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
HORMONAL REGULATION OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
HYPOTHALAMUS REGULATES ACTIVITY OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY (ADENOHYPOPHYSIS)
ADENOHYPOPHYSIS SYNTHESIZES HORMONES (LH and FSH) THAT MODULATE ACTIVITY OF SERTOLI AND LEYDIG CELLS
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): stimulates production of sperm in conjunction with testosterone by regulating activity of Sertoli cells
SERTOLI CELLS STIMULATED BY FSH AND TESTOSTERONE RELEASE ANDROGEN BINDING PROTEIN WHICH BINDS TESTOSTERONE; THEREBY INCREASING TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES AND STIMULATING SPERMATOGENESIS
SERTOLI CELLS STIMULATED BY FSH AND TESTOSTERONE RELEASE ANDROGEN BINDING PROTEIN WHICH BINDS TESTOSTERONE; THEREBY INCREASING TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES AND STIMULATING SPERMATOGENESIS
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS
- thick connective tissue capsule- connective tissue septa divide
testis into 250 lobules
TUNICA ALBUGINEA
(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES(1) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
- each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissue
- produce sperm
INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
- contains Leydig cells which produce testosterone
(2) RECTUS TUBULES(2) RECTUS TUBULES
(3) RETE TESTIS(3) RETE TESTIS
(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES(4) EFFERENT DUCTULES
(5) EPIDIDYMIS(5) EPIDIDYMIS
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EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
EFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EFFERENT DUCTULES
IRREGULAR LUMINAL APPEARANCE DUE TO TALL CILIATED CELLS AND SHORT NON-CILIATED CELLS
CONNECT RETE TESTIS WITH EPIDIDYMIS
CILIATED CELLS BEAT TOWARD EPIDIDYMIS; THIN LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE ALSO AIDS MOVEMENT INTO EPIDIDYMIS
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EPIDIDYMIS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
RECEIVES EFFERENT DUCTULES
DIVIDED INTO HEAD, BODY, AND TAIL
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM CONSISTING OF PRINCIPAL AND BASAL CELLS
SMOOTH MUSCLE IN HEAD AND TAIL CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY; SMOOTH MUSCLE IN TAIL REQUIRES SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION FOR CONTRACTION
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EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
STEREOCILIASTEREOCILIA
MATURE SPERMMATURE SPERM
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EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMISEFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES
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EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
EFFERENT DUCTULESEFFERENT DUCTULES
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EPIDIDYMISEPIDIDYMIS
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VAS DEFERENS
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
CONNECTS EPIDIDYMIS WITH SEMINAL VESICLES
SMOOTH MUSCLE ARRANGED IN 3 LAYERS
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION VIA SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION DURING EJACULATION
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
VAS DEFERENS
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VAS DEFERENS H&EVAS DEFERENS H&E
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SEMINAL VESICLES
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MUCOSA HIGHLY FOLDED
EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
SECRETIONS ARE HIGH IN FRUCTOSE AND BASIC
REGULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTS DURING EJACULATION
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINAL VESICLES
EPITHELIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
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PROSTATE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
30-50 TUBULOALVEOLAR GLANDS WHICH EMPTY INTO URETHRA
PROSTATIC SECRETIONS RICH IN CITRIC ACID, ACID PHOSPHATASE, AND PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PROSTATE
SIMPLE OR PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
PROSTATE
PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS
- precipitation of secretory product
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
URETHRA
PROSTATIC, MEMBRANOUS, SPONGY (PENILE)
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PENISPENIS
CCCC CCCC
CSCS
URETHRAURETHRA
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PENISPENIS
ERECTILE BODIES
ERECTILE BODIES
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PENIS HISTOLOGY
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PENIS in X-section
Tunica albuginea Superficial dorsal vein
Buck’s fascia
SkinCorpus cavernosum - trabeculae of smooth muscle & CT separate blood sinus spaces = ERECTILE TISSUE
Urethra
Corpus spongiosum urethrae also erectile
Helicine arteries
Veins
Autonomic & sensory nerves
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ERECTILE TISSUETrabeculae of smooth muscle & CT separate endothelium-lined blood sinus spaces
Mucous glands of Littre may empty into urethra
Urethra
filling of spaces needs relaxation of muscle
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ERECTION
FLACCID STATEContracted cavernous trabeculae
Veins open & dilated?
Arteries constricted
Blood pressure Blood volume
Arteries dilated Veins compressed
(& constricted?)
Cavernosa trabeculae relaxed
Helicine arteries extended
Restraining T albuginea
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ERECTION - Problems
Arterial inflow not fast enough to “snap shut” the venous outflow vessels
Arteries subject to peripheral vascular disease, e.g., diabetes
Parasympathetic signaling is complicated, with many transmitters
Nerves & plexuses run close to prostate, bladder & rectum - surgery on any of these can easily cause impotence
Inflammation & fibrosis in C cavernosa
If you unseat the tire on your car wheel by hitting the curb, only the gas-station air-line can inject air fast enough to reseat the tire on the rim.