malhotra mr05 ppt 01
TRANSCRIPT
1-1© 2007 Prentice Hall
Chapter 1
Introduction and Early Phases of Market Research
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Chapter Outline
1) Overview
2) Definition of Marketing Research
3) A Classification of Marketing Research
4) Marketing Research Process
5) The Role of Marketing Research in Marketing Decision Making
6) Marketing Research and Competitive Intelligence
7) The Decision to Conduct Research
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Chapter Outline
8) Marketing Research Suppliers and Services
9) Selecting a Research Supplier
10) Careers in Marketing Research
11) The Role of Marketing Research in MIS and DSS
12) The Department Store Project
13) International Marketing Research
14) Ethics in Marketing Research
15) Summary
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Redefining Marketing Research
The American Marketing Association (AMA) redefined Marketing Research as:
The function that links the consumer, the
customer, and public to the marketer
through INFORMATION
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Used to identify and define market opportunities and problems
Generate, refine, and evaluate marketing performance
Monitor marketing performance
Improve understanding of marketing as a process
Redefining Marketing Research
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Definition of Marketing Research
Marketing research is the systematic and objective identification collection analysis dissemination and use of information
For the purpose of improving decision making related to the identification and solution of problems and opportunities in marketing.
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Market Research
Specifies the information necessary to address these issues
Manages and implements the data collection process
Analyzes the results
Communicates the findings and their implications
Helps managers use this information to make decisions
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Classification of Marketing Research
Problem-Identification Research Research undertaken to help identify problems which are
not necessarily apparent on the surface and yet exist or are likely to arise in the future. Examples: market potential, market share, image, market characteristics, sales analysis, forecasting, and trends research.
Problem-Solving Research Research undertaken to help solve specific marketing
problems. Examples: segmentation, product, pricing, promotion, and distribution research.
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A Classification of Marketing Research
Marketing Research
Problem Identification Research
Problem-Solving Research
Market Potential ResearchMarket Share ResearchMarket Characteristics ResearchSales Analysis ResearchForecasting ResearchBusiness Trends Research
Segmentation Research
Product Research
Pricing Research
Promotion Research
Distribution Research
Fig. 1.1
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Problem-Solving Research
Determine the basis of segmentation
Establish market potential and responsiveness for varioussegments
Select target markets
Create lifestyle profiles:demography, media, and product image characteristics
SEGMENTATION RESEARCH
Test concept
Determine optimal product design
Package tests
Product modification
Brand positioning and repositioning
Test marketing
Control score tests
PRODUCT RESEARCH
Table 1.1
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Problem-Solving ResearchTable 1.1 cont.
PRICING RESEARCH
Pricing policies
Importance of price in brand selection
Product line pricing
Price elasticity of demand
Initiating and responding to price changes
$ALE
PROMOTIONAL RESEARCH
Optimal promotional budget
Sales promotion relationship
Optimal promotional mix
Copy decisions
Media decisions
Creative advertising testing
Evaluation of advertising effectiveness
Claim substantiation
0.00% APR
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Problem-Solving ResearchTable 1.1 cont.
DISTRIBUTION RESEARCH
Determine…Types of distributionAttitudes of channel members Intensity of wholesale & resale coverage
Channel marginsLocation of retail and wholesale outlets
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Marketing Research Process
Step 1 : Problem Definition
Step 2 : Development of an Approach to the Problem
Step 3 : Research Design Formulation
Step 4 : Fieldwork or Data Collection
Step 5 : Data Preparation and Analysis
Step 6 : Report Preparation and Presentation
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Marketing Research ProcessStep 1: Defining the Problem
Step 2: Developing an Approach to the Problem
Step 3: Formulating a Research Design
Step 4: Doing Field Work or Collecting Data
Step 5: Preparing and Analyzing Data
Step 6: Preparing and Presenting the Report
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The Role of Marketing Research
ControllableMarketing
•Product•Pricing•Promotion•Distribution
VariablesMarketing Research
MarketingDecisionMaking
ProvidingInformation
AssessingInformationNeeds
Marketing Managers
• Market Segmentation
• Performance & Control
•Target Market Selection• Marketing Programs
UncontrollableEnvironmentalFactors
• Economy• Technology• Laws &
Regulations• Social &
Cultural Factors
• Political Factors
Fig. 1.2• Consumers• Employees• Shareholders• Suppliers
Customer Groups
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ClientNeeds Fin
dSeek Pla
nAct
Solve Problem
Achieve Goal
How WeHelp
ClarifyDecisions
Research
Analysis
EvaluateInterpretFacilitate
Recommend
MarketPlanResearch
AdviseAssistExecution
Opportunity scan
Option generation
Refine options
Decision
Fig. 1.3
Power Decisions’ Methodology
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Organizational Chart for VNU
Executive BoardCorporate Staff
Marketing Information
Media Measurement& Information
Business Information Directories
ACNielsenVNU Advisory ServicesBASESClaritasSpectraMarket Decisions
Nielsen Media ResearchNielsen/Net RatingsNielsen Film EntertainmentNielsen Home EntertainmentNielsen MusicNielsen Book Nielsen Entertainment IntelIMSPERO/HICScarboroughSRDS
VNU Business PublicationsVNU emedia & Information MarketingVNU ExpositionsVNU Exhibitions Europe
Golden PagesGouden GidsPaginas AmarelasPaglni AurilPromediaTelkom DirectoryVerizon Puerto Rico
Fig. 1.4
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Marketing Research Suppliers & Services
LIMITED SERVICE
BrandedProducts
and Services
DataAnalysisServices
Analytical
Services
Coding and Data Entry Services
Field Service
s
FULL SERVICE
Syndicate
ServicesStandardize
dServices
Customized
Services
InternetService
s
RESEARCHSUPPLIERS EXTERNALINTERNAL
Fig. 1.5
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U.S. Rank Organization Headquarters Website ($, in millions)($, in millions)revenue 2004 2003 1 1 VNU Inc. New York www.vnu.com $1,794.4 $3,429.2 47.7%
2 2 IMS Health Inc. Fairfield, Conn. www.imshealth.com 571.0 $1,569.0 63.6
3 4 Westat Inc. Rockville, Md. www.westat.com 397.8 397.8 — 4 5 TNS U.S. New York www.tns-global.com 396.0 1,732.7 77.2
5 3 Information Resources Inc. Chicago www.infores.com 379.6 572.8 33.6
6 6 The Kantar Group Fairfield, Conn. www.kantargroup.com 365.7* 1,136.3* 67.8*
7 7 Arbitron Inc. New York www.arbitron.com 284.7 296.6 4.0
8 8 NOP World US New York www.nopworld.com 213 408.5 47.9
9 9 Ipsos New York www.Ipsos-na.com 193.9 752.8 74.2
10 10 Synovate Chicago www.synovate.com 193.5 499.3 61.3
11 — Harris Interactive Inc. Rochester, N.Y. www.harrisinteractive.com 154.8 208.9 25.9
— 13 Harris Interactive Inc. Rochester, N.Y. www.harrisinteractive.com 116.7 155.4 24.9
— 20 Wirthin Worldwide McLean, Va. www.harrisinteractive.com 38.1 53.5 28.8
12 11 Maritz Research Fenton, Mo. www.maritzresearch.com 136.6 185.8 26.2
13 12 J.D. Power and Associates Westlake Village, Calif. www.jdpower.com 133.5 167.6 20.4
14 14 The NPD Group Inc. Port Washington, N.Y. www.npd.com 110.5 139.2 20.6
15 16 GfK Group USA Nuremberg, Germany www.gfk.com 93.0 834.6 88.9
16 15 Opinion Research Corp. Princeton, N.J. www.opinionresearch.com 91.5 147.5 38.3
Table 1.2
Top 50 U.S. Marketing Research Firms
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17 17 Lieberman Research Worldwide Los Angeles www.lrwonline.com 67.2 77.7 13.5
18 18 Abt Associates Inc. Cambridge, Mass. www.abtassociates.com 41.5 41.5 —
19 21 Market Strategies Inc. Livonia, Mich. www.marketstrategies.com 37.9 39.5 4.1
20 22 Burke Inc. Cincinnati www.burke.com 37.1 43.4 14.5
21 30 comScore Networks Inc. Reston, Va. www.comscore.com 34.9 34.9 —
22 24 MORPACE International Inc. Farmington Hills, Mich. www.morpace.com 31.1 34.5 9.9
23 25 Knowledge Networks Inc. Menlo Park, Calif. www.knowledgenetworks.com 29.8 29.8 —
23 34 OTX Research Los Angeles www.otxresearch.com 29.8 29.8 —
25 23 ICR/Int'l Communications Research Media, Pa. www.icrsurvey.com 29.0 29.4 1.4
26 36 Directions Research Inc. Cincinnati www.directionsrsch.com 27.3 27.3 —
27 28 National Research Corp. Lincoln, Neb. www.nationalresearch.com 26.7 29.7 10.1
28 32 Marketing Research Services Inc. Cincinnati www.mrsi.com 25.4 25.4 —
29 29 Lieberman Research Group Great Neck, N.Y. www.liebermanresearch.com 25.1 25.5 1.6
30 33 Peryam & Knoll Research Corp. Chicago www.pk-research.com 22.5 22.7 0.1
31 — National Analysts Inc. Philadelphia www.nationalanalysts.com 22.3 22.3 —
32 — Public Opinion Strategies LLC Alexandria, VA www.pos.org 21.2 21.2 —
U.S. Rank Organization Headquarters Website ($, in millions) $, in millions) revenue 2004 2003
Top 50 U.S. Marketing Research Firms (Cont…)Table 1.2
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33 27 Walker Information Inc. Indianapolis www.walkerinfo.com 20.4 23.8 14.3
34 39 The PreTesting Co. Inc. Tenafly, N.J. www.pretesting.com 19.8 20.4 2.9
35 19 C&R Research Services Inc. Chicago www.crresearch.com 19.7 19.7 —
36 35 Flake-Wilkerson Market Insights Little Rock, Ark. www.mktinsights.com 18.8 18.8 —
37 37 Data Development Worldwide New York www.datadw.com 18.3 20.7 11.6
38 41 Schulman, Ronca & Bucuvalas Inc. New York www.srbi.com 17.2 17.2 —
39 45 Cheskin Redwood Shores, Calif. www.cheskin.com 16.5 19.0 13.2
40 38 RDA Group Inc. Bloomfield Hills, Mich. www.rdagroup.com 15.4 17.0 9.4
41 47 Marketing Analysts Inc. Charleston, S.C. www.marketinganalysts.com 15.2 15.6 2.6
42 46 Market Probe Inc. Milwaukee www.marketprobe.com 14.1 24.6 42.7
43 44 Savitz Research Cos. Dallas www.savitzresearch.com 14.0 14.0 —
44 42 The Marketing Workshop Inc. Norcross, Ga. www.mwshop.com 13.9 13.9 —
45 48 Ronin Corp. Princeton, N.J. www.ronin.com 13.5 13.9 2.9
46 49 MarketVision Research Inc. Cincinnati www.marketvisionresearch.com 11.8 11.8 —
47 — RTI-DFD Inc. Stanfordd, Conn. www.rti-dfd.com 11.5 11.5 —
48 — Q Research Solutions Inc. Old Bridge, N.J. www.qresearchsolutions.com 11.2 11.2 —
49 50 Data Recognition Corp. Maple Grove, Minn. www.datarecognitioncorp.com 10.8 10.8 —
50 — Phoenix Marketing International Rhinebeck, N.Y. www.phoenixmi.com 10.6 10.6 —
Total $6,291.0 $13,307.7 52.7%
All other (138 CASRO companies not included in the Top 50)3 656.6 $737.7 11.0%
Total (188 companies) $6,947.6 $14,045.4 50.5%
*Estimated by Top 50 1U.S. and worldwide revenue may include nonresearch activities for some companies that are significantly higher. See individual company profiles for details. 2Rate of growth from year to year has been adjusted so as not to includer
U.S. Rank Organization Headquarters Website ($, in millions) $, in millions) revenue 2004 2003
Top 50 U.S. Marketing Research Firms (Cont…)Table 1.2
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Selected Marketing ResearchCareer Descriptions
Vice President of Marketing Research: The senior position in marketing research. The vice president (VP) is responsible for the entire marketing research operation of the company and serves on the top management team. This person sets the objectives and goals of the marketing research department.
Research Director: Also a senior position. The research director has the general responsibility for the development and execution of all the marketing research projects.
Assistant Director of Research: Serves as an administrative assistant to the director and supervises some of the other marketing research staff members.
(Senior) Project Manager: Has overall responsibility for design, implementation, and management of research projects.
Statistician/Data Processing Specialist: Serves as an expert on theory and application of statistical techniques. Responsibilities include experimental design, data processing, and analysis.
Fig. 1.6
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Selected Marketing Research Career Descriptions
Vice President of Marketing Research
• Part of company’s top
management team
• Directs company’s entire
market research operation
• Sets the goals & objectives of
the marketing research
department
Research Director
• Also part of senior management
• Heads the development and execution of all research projects
Assistant Director of
Research
• Administrative assistant to
director
• Supervises research staff
membersSenior Project Manager• Responsible for design, implementation,
& research projects
Fig. 1.6 cont.
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Analyst• Handles details in execution of
project• Designs & pretests questionnaires• Conducts preliminary analysis of
data
Junior Analyst• Secondary data analysis• Edits and codes questionnaires• Conducts preliminary analysis of
data
Fieldwork Director•Handles selection, training, supervision, and evaluation of interviewers and field workers
Senior Analyst• Participates in the development of projects• Carries out execution of assigned projects• Coordinates the efforts of analyst, junior analyst, & other personnel in
the development of research design and data collection• Prepares final report
Fig. 1.6 cont.
Statistician/Data Processing
• Serves as expert on theory and application on statistical techniques
• Oversees experimental design, data processing, and analysis
Selected Marketing Research Career Descriptions
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Marketing Research Suppliers & Services
Internal suppliers External suppliers
Full-service suppliers Syndicated services Standardized services Customized services Internet services
Limited-service suppliers Field services Coding and data entry services Analytical services Data analysis services Branded marketing research products
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Criteria for Selecting a Research Supplier
What is the reputation of the supplier? Do they complete projects on schedule? Are they known for maintaining ethical
standards? Are they flexible? Are their research projects of high quality? What kind and how much experience does the
supplier have? Has the firm had experience with projects similar to this one?
Do the supplier's personnel have both technical and non-technical expertise?
Can they communicate well with the client?
Competitive bids should be compared on the basis of quality as well as price.
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Careers in Marketing Research Career opportunities are available with
marketing research firms (e.g., AC Nielsen, Burke)
Careers in business and non-business firms and agencies with in-house marketing research departments (e.g., Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola, the Federal Trade Commission, United States Census Bureau)
Advertising agencies (e.g., BBDO International, Ogilvy & Mather, J. Walter Thompson)
Positions: VP of marketing research, research director/assistant director, project manager, field work director, statistician/data processing specialist, senior/junior analyst, and supervisor.
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A Sample of Marketing Research Jobs
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Preparation for a Career in Marketing Research
Take all the marketing courses you can.
Take courses in statistics and quantitative methods.
Acquire Internet and computer skills. Knowledge of programming languages is an added asset.
Take courses in psychology and consumer behavior.
Acquire effective written and verbal communication skills.
Think creatively. Creativity and common sense command a premium in marketing research.
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Management Information Systems Vs. Decision Support Systems
Unstructured Problems
Use of Models
User Friendly Interaction
Adaptability
Can Improve Decision
Making by Using “What
if”
Analysis
DSSMIS
Structured Problems
Use of Reports
Rigid Structure
Information Displaying
Restricted
Can Improve Decision
Making
by Clarifying Data
Fig. 1.7
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The Department Store ProjectThe following information was solicited:1. Familiarity with the ten department stores.2. Frequency with which household members shopped at
each of the ten stores.3. Relative importance attached to each of the eight
factors of the choice criteria. 4. Evaluation of the ten stores on each of the eight
factors of the choice criteria.5. Preference ratings for each store.6. Rankings of the ten stores (from most preferred to
least preferred).7. Degree of agreement with 21 lifestyle statements.8. Standard demographic characteristics (age,
education, etc.)9. Name, address, and telephone number.
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DomesticAAPOR : American Association for Public Opinion Research (www.aapor.org)
AMA : American Marketing Association (www.ama.org)
ARF : The Advertising Research Foundation (www.amic.com/arf)
CASRO : The Council of American Survey Research Organizations (www.casro.org)
MRA : Marketing Research Association (www.mra-net.org)
QRCA : Qualitative Research Consultants Association (www.qrca.org)
RIC : Research Industry Coalition (www.researchindustry.org)
Marketing Research Associations Online
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International
ESOMAR: European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (www.esomar.nl)
MRS: The Market Research Society (UK) (www.marketresearch.org.uk)
MRSA: The Market Research Society of Australia (www.mrsa.com.au)
PMRS: The Professional Marketing Research Society (Canada) (www.pmrs-aprm.com)
Marketing Research Associations Online