malignant epithelial tumors
DESCRIPTION
Malignant Epithelial Tumors. Differentiation and anaplasia; The rate of growth ; Local invasion ; Metastasis. Differentiation=morphological and functional similarity of neoplastic cells with cells of origin From: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995. Normal. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Malignant Epithelial Tumors
Fig.9.1.Histological features of differentiation of the neoplasms
Behavior Benigntumor
Malignanttumor
Rate of growth Progressive, slow growthLocal and expansive growth
Rapid growth; Expansive and invasive growth;
Local invasion Expansive and cohesive masses, well demarcated, no invading adjacent normal tissues
Local invasive masses, infiltrating adjacent normal tissues
Metastasis Absent Present
Differentiation cytological features
Well differentiated-are resembling with cell of origin
cell differentiation failure
Few mitosis Many mitosis, some abnormal
normal N/C Ratio=(1/4) increased N/C Ratio=(1/1)
Homogenous cell shape and size
Cell and nuclear pleomorphism; anizocytosis.
Differentiation and anaplasia; The rate of growth; Local invasion; Metastasis
Differentiation=morphological and functional similarity of neoplastic cells with cells of origin
From: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
Fig.9.2. Differentiation and anaplasia: WD
Normal
Fig.9.3. TM are more or less differentiated, showing various degrees of differentiation ranging from well-differentiated forms (BD) to non-differentiated (ND) or anaplastic forms.
WD
MD ND
normal
Precancerous lesion-progression to neoplasiaFrom: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
Fig.9.4. I-Normal epithelium; II-Dysplastic epithelium (DP mild, moderate and severe); CIS – carcinoma in situ; III-Microinvasive carcinoma; Invasive carcinoma.
I II III
CIS – carcinoma in situ-skin
Fig.9.5. CIS-cell and nuclear pleomorphysm; intact BM.
Cancer cell morphologyFrom cases of the Pathology Department - U.M.F. “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi
Fig.9.6.
Fig.9.6-7. Cellular and nuclear abnormalities: Cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and size; Increase of nucleo/cytoplasmic ratio; Nuclear hypercromasia; Single or multiple nucleoli; Atypical mitoses.
Fig.9.7.
Scuamocellular carcinoma From: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
Fig.9.8. Vegetative carcinoma
Fig.9.9. Ulcerative carcinoma
Scuamocellular carcinomaFrom cases of the Pathology Department - U.M.F. “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi
Fig.9.10.Ulcerative and invasive SCC into dermis
Fig.9.10.
Fig.9.10-11. Islands of polygonal atypical cells separated by a reduced connective stroma. By differentiation the tumoral cells fill with keratin disposed as concentric lamellae (keratin pearls).
Fig.9.11.
Basal cell carcinoma (ulcus rodens) From: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
Fig.9.12. Ulcus rodens
Fig.9.13. Ulcus rodens
Basocellular carcinomaFrom cases of the Pathology Department - U.M.F. “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi
Fig.9.14.
Fig.9. 14-15. The tumour cells resemble with basal layer cells. They penetrate basement membrane and form dermal tumoral islands separated by a reduced stroma.
Fig.9.15.
Well differentiated adenocarcinoma of colon From cases of the Pathology Department - U.M.F. “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi
Fig.9.16.
Fig.9.17.
Fig.9. 14-15. The tumor wirh origin in the glandular epitheliumpenetrates muscularis mucosae and infiltrates the submucosa and muscular layer. The tumor is composed from tumoral glands separated by a reduced stroma.
Local invasionFrom: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
Fig.9.18.Invasion: infiltrative feature in adjacent tissues
Fig.9.18.
Invasive colonic adenocarcinomaFrom cases of the Pathology Department - U.M.F. “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi
Fig.9.19.
Fig.9.19.Invasion: infiltrative feature in adjacent tissues
Metastastatic ways of the tumor cellsFrom: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
1. Local spread2. Lymphatic
dissemination3. Vascular dissemination4. Transcelomic
dissemination
Fig.9.20.
Grading is based on the degree of differentiation and the rate of growth (number of mitosis) of tumour.Histological spectrum of cancer: Well differentiated --> Poor differentiated-->UndifferentiatedStaging depends on: 1. the size of the primary tumour; 2. the extent of local spread; 3. the extent of distant spread
Fig.9.21.
Lymphatic dissemination: lymph node metastasesFrom: Stevens A. J Lowe J. Pathology. Mosby 1995
Fig.9.22.
Fig.9.23. Lymph node metastasis of adenocarcinoma: The tumoral cells invade lymph node and form tumoral glands limited by an atypical epithelium.
From cases of the Pathology Department - U.M.F. “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi
Fig.9.23.
Visceral metastases
Blood dissemination
Fig.9.24.
Fig.9.25.