MammalianLiver tissue:

X

(note: no ATP required!)

Glycogenin: catalyzes glucose transfer from UDP-glucose (red)to tyr194(blue); Mn2+ (green) required to stabilize UDP leaving group

Rabbit muscle Phosphorylase Kinase γ (catalytic) subunit activefragment complexed with ATP and a heptapeptide (RQMSFRL).

Phosphorylase kinase δ subunit (calmodulin)

As with glycogen phosphorylase:

(a) phosphorylase kinase found in two isoforms in both muscle/liver tissues either active or inactivefor glycogen breakdown

(b) these isoforms differed by phosphorylation

Catalytic (C) subunit of mouse protein kinase A (PKA)complexed with ATP and a peptide inhibitor (Ser→Ala)

Regulatory (R) subunit of bovine protein kinase A (PKA)complexed with 2 cyclic-AMP molecules (activate C*R dissociation)

PEP PEP