managed by ut-battelle for the department of energy logistics of biomass supply agricultural crops...
TRANSCRIPT
Slide 1Logistics of Biomass Supply
Agricultural crops and residues
Shahab Sokhansanj, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Bioenergy Resources & Engineering Systems
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
DOE Biorefining Industry 2030 Goals
~1.3 Billion tons/yr Biomass Potential in the U.S.
Displace a significant fraction of gasoline demand
~ 60 billion gallons/year by 2030
Sugar Platform
Syngas Platform
Including Corn Grain, an Estimated 600 – 700 Million Tons of Biomass per Year is Needed for 60 B gal of ethanol.
http://bioenergy.ornl.gov
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
What is the Time-Frame for Required Feedstock Tonnages?
Chart representing ethanol volumes predicted from the high oil case using the transition model for the 30x30 NREL report., 2006.
2012 – 2015 Time Frame:
Cellulosic Ethanol 3-4 billion gal. (estimated 35-45 M tons biomass)
2030 Time Frame:
Cellulosic Ethanol 40-50 billion gal. (estimated 400-500 M tons biomass)
… Introduction
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Biomass availability
Chart4
$0.03
61.0%
0.133
0.137
0.132
0.133
0.146
0.198
0.133
0.140
0.136
0.136
0.144
0.195
0.159
0.166
0.165
0.169
0.179
0.227
0.142
0.144
0.142
0.143
0.155
0.211
0.134
0.138
0.135
0.134
0.143
0.198
0.147
0.152
0.152
0.148
0.166
0.221
Phosphorus
$/lb P2O5 (with N at Anhydrous ammonia price + $0.03/lb for variable costs of application)
Diammonium phosphate
0.363
0.401
0.354
0.385
0.418
0.469
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.262
0.198
0.216
Jurgens, Marshall H. 1978. Animal feeding and nutrition, 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, Dubuque, IA
Summary nutrient contents
N,P,K value in Northwest
lb/dt
lb/dt
add $1/dt to above numbers for other nutrients and organic matter
Wheat
11.5
3.7
26.8
Larsen, W.E., R.F. Holt, and C.W. Carlson. 1978. Residues for soil conservation
Ave w/Heid
10.7
2.4
21.1
Ch 1 IN Oschwald (ed) Crop residue management systems. ASA, Madison, WI
Ave w/o Heid
11.0
2.8
24.7
Jurgens, Marshall H. 1978. Animal feeding and nutrition, 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, Dubuque, IA
Corn
Ave w/o Heid
1
0.9433962264
0.9090909091
0.8695652174
1
0.9433962264
0.9090909091
0.8695652174
High - fertilzer used in wheat, barley, alfalfa (highest price is ammonium nitrate)
2
0.88999644
0.826446281
0.7561436673
2
0.88999644
0.826446281
0.7561436673
Low - fertilzer used in wheat, barley, alfalfa (lowest price is urea in most regions)
3
0.839619283
0.7513148009
0.6575162324
3
0.839619283
0.7513148009
0.6575162324
4
0.7920936632
0.6830134554
0.5717532456
4
0.7920936632
0.6830134554
0.5717532456
9
0.5918984635
0.4240976184
0.284262412
Corn
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium value of crop residue ($/dry ton)
Heid (1984)
Nutrient plus organic matter value of crop residue ($/dry ton)
Barley
12.26
12.84
13.18
9.57
12.04
12.73
13.07
9.55
14.55
15.09
14.82
Wheat
8.48
8.98
9.27
6.21
8.29
8.89
9.17
6.19
10.13
10.58
10.35
Corn
10.45
11.24
11.71
6.77
10.14
11.09
11.55
6.73
12.72
13.46
13.09
Data
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N
K
P
$/lb
Trends
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Value of removed nutrients (N,P,K) has risen sharply
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North Central
Northern Plains
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Biomass availability subject to constraints
Farm gate prices for stover is a determining factor on the amount of available stover
Soil conservation requirements limit the available volumes
Chart8
0
0
11.1
16.6
51.7
96.9
58.5
104
65.7
108.5
68
110
Estimates of biomass distribution and biorefining capacities
Source: ORNL Robert Perlack, 2006
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Distribution
Stover
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Integrated Biomass Supply
Analysis and Logistics
Forms of biomass
Two major technological barriers
Energy density of biomass
Estimated Field Moisture Content
An estimate of biomass moisture content at harvest
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Scope
Introduction
Conclusions
Densification/granulation
Optimum form of biomass
Source: ORNL, Sokhansanj, 2005)
Oil
Gas
Coal
Hydro-Electricity
Nuclear
Bulk density from 4 to 6 lb/ft3
Efficeincy from 65% to 85%
Field speed from 10 to 13 mph
All modifications except yield
All modifications including yield
ODT/ha
BC
158
27.86
78.42
Canada
77
91.75
200.1
Percent %
205.2
30.4
39.2
Increase field efficeincy by 10%
Incraese bale density from 8 to 12 Lb/ft3
Combine all incresaes
Grower
10
10
10
10
10
Increase field efficeincy by 10%
Incraese loaf density from 6 to 9 Lb/ft3
Combine all incresaes
Grower
10
10
10
10
10
145
64
Total
1366
60
52
106
Storage and handling
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Biorefinery Siting with GIS tools - ORIBAS
Analysis team, ORNL (Craig Brandt, 2007)
Plant
Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics - IBSAL
Feedstock Supply Logistics
Scaled field validations
Exploratory R&D
Modeling Tools
Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics (IBSAL)
IBSAL library contains modules for assembling a production/transport scenario. Input and output communication with the program are through EXCEL Workbooks and Worksheets
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Technical Targets
Chart1
2007
2007
2007
2007
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2017
2017
2017
2007
2007
2007
2007
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2017
2017
2017
Biomass Feedstock Cost Target and Metrics
Grower Payment
Analysis and characterization
Feedstock Supply System R&D Plan Contributes:
Engineering Designs
Technology Development
The cost equation
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Acknowledgment
Feedstock Engineering Team, Idaho National Laboratory
Office of Biomass Program, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, DOE
20
30
40
50
60
050100150
Million dry tons
Corn stoverWheat straw
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.010.030.070.10.512
Corn Grain
Agricultural crops and residues
Shahab Sokhansanj, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Bioenergy Resources & Engineering Systems
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
DOE Biorefining Industry 2030 Goals
~1.3 Billion tons/yr Biomass Potential in the U.S.
Displace a significant fraction of gasoline demand
~ 60 billion gallons/year by 2030
Sugar Platform
Syngas Platform
Including Corn Grain, an Estimated 600 – 700 Million Tons of Biomass per Year is Needed for 60 B gal of ethanol.
http://bioenergy.ornl.gov
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
What is the Time-Frame for Required Feedstock Tonnages?
Chart representing ethanol volumes predicted from the high oil case using the transition model for the 30x30 NREL report., 2006.
2012 – 2015 Time Frame:
Cellulosic Ethanol 3-4 billion gal. (estimated 35-45 M tons biomass)
2030 Time Frame:
Cellulosic Ethanol 40-50 billion gal. (estimated 400-500 M tons biomass)
… Introduction
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Biomass availability
Chart4
$0.03
61.0%
0.133
0.137
0.132
0.133
0.146
0.198
0.133
0.140
0.136
0.136
0.144
0.195
0.159
0.166
0.165
0.169
0.179
0.227
0.142
0.144
0.142
0.143
0.155
0.211
0.134
0.138
0.135
0.134
0.143
0.198
0.147
0.152
0.152
0.148
0.166
0.221
Phosphorus
$/lb P2O5 (with N at Anhydrous ammonia price + $0.03/lb for variable costs of application)
Diammonium phosphate
0.363
0.401
0.354
0.385
0.418
0.469
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.262
0.198
0.216
Jurgens, Marshall H. 1978. Animal feeding and nutrition, 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, Dubuque, IA
Summary nutrient contents
N,P,K value in Northwest
lb/dt
lb/dt
add $1/dt to above numbers for other nutrients and organic matter
Wheat
11.5
3.7
26.8
Larsen, W.E., R.F. Holt, and C.W. Carlson. 1978. Residues for soil conservation
Ave w/Heid
10.7
2.4
21.1
Ch 1 IN Oschwald (ed) Crop residue management systems. ASA, Madison, WI
Ave w/o Heid
11.0
2.8
24.7
Jurgens, Marshall H. 1978. Animal feeding and nutrition, 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co, Dubuque, IA
Corn
Ave w/o Heid
1
0.9433962264
0.9090909091
0.8695652174
1
0.9433962264
0.9090909091
0.8695652174
High - fertilzer used in wheat, barley, alfalfa (highest price is ammonium nitrate)
2
0.88999644
0.826446281
0.7561436673
2
0.88999644
0.826446281
0.7561436673
Low - fertilzer used in wheat, barley, alfalfa (lowest price is urea in most regions)
3
0.839619283
0.7513148009
0.6575162324
3
0.839619283
0.7513148009
0.6575162324
4
0.7920936632
0.6830134554
0.5717532456
4
0.7920936632
0.6830134554
0.5717532456
9
0.5918984635
0.4240976184
0.284262412
Corn
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium value of crop residue ($/dry ton)
Heid (1984)
Nutrient plus organic matter value of crop residue ($/dry ton)
Barley
12.26
12.84
13.18
9.57
12.04
12.73
13.07
9.55
14.55
15.09
14.82
Wheat
8.48
8.98
9.27
6.21
8.29
8.89
9.17
6.19
10.13
10.58
10.35
Corn
10.45
11.24
11.71
6.77
10.14
11.09
11.55
6.73
12.72
13.46
13.09
Data
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N
K
P
$/lb
Trends
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Value of removed nutrients (N,P,K) has risen sharply
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
North Central
Northern Plains
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Biomass availability subject to constraints
Farm gate prices for stover is a determining factor on the amount of available stover
Soil conservation requirements limit the available volumes
Chart8
0
0
11.1
16.6
51.7
96.9
58.5
104
65.7
108.5
68
110
Estimates of biomass distribution and biorefining capacities
Source: ORNL Robert Perlack, 2006
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Distribution
Stover
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Integrated Biomass Supply
Analysis and Logistics
Forms of biomass
Two major technological barriers
Energy density of biomass
Estimated Field Moisture Content
An estimate of biomass moisture content at harvest
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Scope
Introduction
Conclusions
Densification/granulation
Optimum form of biomass
Source: ORNL, Sokhansanj, 2005)
Oil
Gas
Coal
Hydro-Electricity
Nuclear
Bulk density from 4 to 6 lb/ft3
Efficeincy from 65% to 85%
Field speed from 10 to 13 mph
All modifications except yield
All modifications including yield
ODT/ha
BC
158
27.86
78.42
Canada
77
91.75
200.1
Percent %
205.2
30.4
39.2
Increase field efficeincy by 10%
Incraese bale density from 8 to 12 Lb/ft3
Combine all incresaes
Grower
10
10
10
10
10
Increase field efficeincy by 10%
Incraese loaf density from 6 to 9 Lb/ft3
Combine all incresaes
Grower
10
10
10
10
10
145
64
Total
1366
60
52
106
Storage and handling
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Biorefinery Siting with GIS tools - ORIBAS
Analysis team, ORNL (Craig Brandt, 2007)
Plant
Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics - IBSAL
Feedstock Supply Logistics
Scaled field validations
Exploratory R&D
Modeling Tools
Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics (IBSAL)
IBSAL library contains modules for assembling a production/transport scenario. Input and output communication with the program are through EXCEL Workbooks and Worksheets
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Scope
Introduction
Concluding remarks
Technical Targets
Chart1
2007
2007
2007
2007
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2017
2017
2017
2007
2007
2007
2007
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2017
2017
2017
Biomass Feedstock Cost Target and Metrics
Grower Payment
Analysis and characterization
Feedstock Supply System R&D Plan Contributes:
Engineering Designs
Technology Development
The cost equation
* Managed by UT-Battelle for the Department of Energy
Acknowledgment
Feedstock Engineering Team, Idaho National Laboratory
Office of Biomass Program, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, DOE
20
30
40
50
60
050100150
Million dry tons
Corn stoverWheat straw
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.010.030.070.10.512
Corn Grain