management information system and computer system
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1
Management Management
Information SystemInformation System
MISMIS
What is a system?A system is a set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives.
-- Virtually everything you can think of is a system, and a system can even be made up of other systems.
What is Information System (IS)An IS can be any organized combination of people,
hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that stores and retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization.
-- people have relied on information systems to communicate with each other using a variety of physical devices (hardware), information processing instructions and procedures (software), communications channels (Networks), and stored data (data resources).
Management Information Systems (MIS) is Management Information Systems (MIS) is
the study of people, technology, organizations the study of people, technology, organizations
and the relationships among them. MIS and the relationships among them. MIS
professionals help firms realize maximum benefit professionals help firms realize maximum benefit
from investment in personnel, equipment, and from investment in personnel, equipment, and
business processes.business processes.
Information System
There are three fundamental reasons for allbusiness applications of information TechnologySupport of its business processes and
operationsSupport of decision making by its employees
and managersSupport of its strategies for competitive
advantage
Support IS to BusinessSupport Business processes
Most retail stores use computer based information systems to help them record customer purchases, keep track of inventory, pay employees, buy new merchandise
Support Decision Making
Stores managers and business professionals make better Decision-- decisions on what lines of merchandise need to be added or
discontinued, or what kind of investment they require, are typically made after an analysis provided by the computer based information systems.
Support IS to BusinessSupport Competitive Advantage
Gaining a strategic advantage over competitors requires innovative application of information technologies.
-- Store manager might make a decision to install touch screen in all of their stores, with links to their e-commerce website for online shopping.
1A-1A-1414
Success in today’s dynamic business Success in today’s dynamic business
environment depends heavily on maximizing the environment depends heavily on maximizing the
use of internet-based technologies and web use of internet-based technologies and web
enabled enabled Information Systems Information Systems to meet the to meet the
competitive requirements of competitive requirements of customers, supplierscustomers, suppliers
and other and other business partners business partners in a global in a global
marketplace. marketplace.
Information System in today’s Business worldInformation System in today’s Business world
1A-1A-1515
Computer System
Computer System
1A-1A-1616
1A-1A-1717
An electronic device which is capable of An electronic device which is capable of
receiving information (data) in a particular form receiving information (data) in a particular form
and of performing a sequence of operations in and of performing a sequence of operations in
accordance with a predetermined but variable accordance with a predetermined but variable
set of procedural instructions (program) to set of procedural instructions (program) to
produce a result in the form of information or produce a result in the form of information or
signals.signals.
Computer Systems
Continued
1A-1A-1818
A computer is a programmable machine. The A computer is a programmable machine. The
two principal characteristics of a computer are: two principal characteristics of a computer are:
It responds to a specific set of It responds to a specific set of instructions in a in a
well-defined manner and well-defined manner and
It can It can execute a prerecorded list of instructionsa prerecorded list of instructions
(a (a program).).
Types of computing devices
1A-1A-1919
• Desktop computers– The most common type
of computer– A A desktop computerdesktop computer is a is a
PC in a form intended for PC in a form intended for regular use at a single regular use at a single location desklocation desk
– Sits on the desk or floor– Performs a variety of
tasks
Types of computing devices
1A-1A-2020
Notebook computers
Small portable computers
Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
About 8 ½ by 11 inches
Typically as powerful as a desktop
Computers For Individual Use
Computers For Individual Use
Tablet computersNewest development in
portable computersInput is through
a penRun specialized
versions of office products
1A-1A-2121
Types of computing devices
PDA & Smart Phone
1A-1A-2222
Computers For Individual Use
1A-1A-2323
Handheld computersVery small computersPersonal Digital Assistants (PDA)A typical PDA has a touch screen for entering
data, a memory card slot for data storageData can synchronize with a desktop
Smart phonesHybrid of cell phone and PDAWeb surfing, e-mail access
1A-1A-2424
Classification of Computer Systems
Computers For Organizations
1A-1A-2525
MinicomputersA computer of medium power, more than a microcomputer but less than a mainframe.Called midrange computersPower between mainframe and
desktopHandle hundreds of usersUsed in smaller organizationsUsers access through a terminal
Computers For Organizations
MainframesUsed in large
organizationsHandle thousands
of usersUsers access
through a terminal
1A-1A-2626
Computers For Organizations
SupercomputersThe most powerful computers
madeHandle large and complex
calculationsProcess trillions of operations per
secondFound in research organizations
1A-1A-2828
1A-1A-2929
Super computer is extremely powerful computer Super computer is extremely powerful computer
systems specifically designed for scientific, systems specifically designed for scientific,
engineering, and business applications requiring engineering, and business applications requiring
extremely high speeds for massive numeric extremely high speeds for massive numeric
computations.computations.
Weather forecasting requires a Weather forecasting requires a
supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers
include animated include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, , fluid dynamic calculations,
nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration.nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration.
Supercomputer Systems
Computers In Society
1A-1A-3030
Computers at homeMany homes have multiple
computersMost American homes have InternetComputers are used for
BusinessEntertainmentCommunicationEducation
Computers In Society
1A-1A-3131
Computers in educationComputer literacy required at all levels
Computers in small businessMakes businesses more profitableAllows owners to manage
Computers in industryNow a days all the equipments and functions
are computerized
Computers In Society
1A-1A-3232
Computers in health careRevolutionized health careNew treatments possibleScheduling of patients has improvedDelivery of medicine is safer
How Computers Represent Data
5A-5A-3333
Data are processed and stored in a computer system through the presence or absence of electronic or magnetic signals in the computer’s circuitry or in the media it uses
How Computers Represent Data
5A-5A-3434
Binary number systemUsed by computers to countTwo distinct digits, 0 and 10 and 1 combine to make numbers
5A-5A-3535
• Bit – binary digit, which can have a value of either zero or one
• Byte – basic grouping of bits that the computer operates as a single unit, typically eight bits
Bit vs. Byte
5A-5A-3636
How Computers Represent Data
5A-5A-3737
ASCIIAmerican Standard Code Information
InterchangeAmerican English symbolsASCII is 8 bit and through ASCII 256 Characters are possible
to represent.Extended ASCII
16 bit code representation chartGraphics and other symbols
UnicodeUnicode is the basic character set used by all
personal computers available today.32 bit code representation chartAll languages on the planet
5A-5A-3838
• Unicode is the basic character set used by allUnicode is the basic character set used by all
personal computers available today.personal computers available today.
• 32 bit code representation chart.32 bit code representation chart.
UnicodeUnicode
Extended UnicodeExtended Unicode
• Extended Unicode is 64 bit .Extended Unicode is 64 bit .
• Through extended Unicode 4 billions of charactersThrough extended Unicode 4 billions of characters
are able to represent.are able to represent.
5A-5A-3939
• Kilobyte (KB) – one thousand bytes• Megabytes (MB) – one million
bytes• Gigabytes (GB) – one billion bytes• Terabytes (TB) – one trillion bytes• Petabytes (PB) – one quadrillion
bytes