management information systems: classic models and new approaches
DESCRIPTION
Management Information Systems: Classic Models and New Approaches. Chapter 17. Objectives. List and describe the classic functions of managers – planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling Describe the purpose and components of a management information system (MIS) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ManagementInformation Systems:
Classic Models and
New Approaches
Chapter 17
Objectives
• List and describe the classic functions of managers – planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
• Describe the purpose and components of a management information system (MIS)
• Explain how computer networking and related software have flattened the classic management pyramid
Objectives
• Describe how many companies use employees in task-oriented teams
• Describe the purpose and function of sophisticated software for top managers
• Explain the problems and solutions related to managing personal computers
• Explain the concept of total cost of personal computer ownership
Contents
• Management Functions
• Management Levels
• Information Systems
• Personal Computer Management
• MIS Leads into the Future
Management Functions
• Get the job done
• On time
• Within budget
• Satisfactorily
• Using available resources
PlanningDevise short-range and long-range plans and set goals to help achieve the plans
OrganizingHow to use resources
Staffing
DirectingGuiding employees to perform their work
ControllingMonitoring progress towards goals
Management Levels• High level (strategic)
– Long-range view– Planning
• Middle level (tactical)– Carry out the plan
• Assemble the material• Hire the resources
– Organize and staff
• Low level (operational)– Supervisor– Directing and controlling
Management Levels
• Job titles– Chief information officer (CIO)– Director of information services– Information resource manager– MIS manager
• Comfortable with– Computer technology– Organization’s business
Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees
Traditional hierarchy
• High level manager issues directives to a group of middle level managers
• Each middle level manager issues directives to a group of low level managers
• Each low level manager supervises other employees to see that the work is completed
Management LevelsInteraction Among EmployeesModern Hierarchy• Dispersion of information via network
– E-mail– Groupware
• Authority and work of managers has been altered
• Promotes sharing of information
• Decisions that were once management are now open for comment and change
• Supports team-based and information-driven organization
Management LevelsInteraction Among Employees
Need new ways to monitor employees
• Selection and training of employees
• Set clear expectations
• Use customer satisfaction to determine performance
Management Levels
Flattening the pyramid
Information Systems
MIS Management Information System
DSS Decision Support Systems
EIS Executive Information Systems
MISManagement Information System
• Data + Organization
• Set of formal business systems designed to provide information for an organization
• Computers are typical components
DSSDecision Support Systems
• Supplements an MIS
• Pulls information from variety of databases
• Interactive
• Nonroutine decision-making
• Model – mathematical representation of real-life system
• Simulation – using a computer model to reach a decision about a real-life situation
MIS vs. DSS
• MIS– Planned reporting– Standard, scheduled, structured, and
routine– Constrained by the organizational system
• DSS– Decision making– Unstructured and by request– Immediate and friendly
EISExecutive Information Systems
• DSS for top-level managers
• How decisions effect entire organization– Overall vision; company goals– Long-term objectives– Organizational structure– Staffing and labor relations– Crisis management– Control of overall operations
• Access to information from external sources
Personal ComputersManagement
• Benefits– Increased productivity– Independence from MIS department
• Problems– No one in charge of overall purchase of PCs– Incompatibility– Network related issues– Needed data from MIS– Training– Inventory
Personal ComputersManagement
Solutions• Staffing
– Personal Computer Manager– Network Manager
• Acquisitions policies• Information centers for assistance and training• Use software to control inventory of PCs• Remote access• Consider total cost of ownership (TCO)
Personal Computers Management
• Personal Computer Manager– Technology overload – provide guidance to users for purchase
and use– Data security and integrity – addresses the issues of who has
access to what– Computer junkies – set guidelines for PC use
• Network Manager– Operational– Provide methods for sharing– Install software– Backup– Network security
Personal Computers Management
Manager Characteristics
• MIS background
• Technical knowledge
• Benefits and limitations of computers
Personal ComputersAcquisition
• Standards– Hardware– Software– Data communications
• Limit the number of vendors
Personal ComputersInformation Center
• Services– Software and hardware
selection– Data access– Network access– Training– Technical assistance
• Easily accessible location
• “User comes first”
Personal Computers Training
Traditional approach– Sporadic participation– Minimal results for
extended training
Better approach– Initial training– Home-grown gurus– Follow-up support– Involve the workers– Web and CD based
training
Personal ComputersInventory
• Budgets
• Software– Count computers– Determines components– Determine installed software
Personal ComputersRemote Access
• Equipment needs
• Security concern
• Training
TCOTotal Cost of Ownership
• Initial hardware and software
• Training
• Support
• Upgrading
• Maintenance
• Hardware
• Software extras
• Communications networks
TCO estimated at
four times
the hardware costs!
TCOReduce the TCO
• Limited Options – standardize the ordering process including hardware, software, and options
• Helpful software – counts computers and determines their components and installed software in a networked environment
• Hardware and software upgrades – insure there is justification for an upgrade
Management InformationSystems
Leading Business into the Future