management of children with disabled conditions part i maha al-sarheed
TRANSCRIPT
Management of Children with
Disabled Conditions Part I
Maha AL-SARHEED
INTRODUCTION
World-wide 1:10 child is born with a physical, mental or sensory impairment
3.5% of the world’s population affected with disability are children
In Saudi population 3.76/1000 of the total population had a severe impairment
42.8/1000 had a minor impairment
Continued
Terminology of Disability (Halbertsma et al., 2000)
Disease or disorder
Impairment (body level)
Disability (person level)
Handicap (society level)
Classification of Disability
1. Intellectually impairment
2. Physical impaired
3. Sensory impaired
4. Medically compromised
1. Intellectually impairment
Causes of Intellectually impairment are numerous and may never be identified
Can be divided into those who either mental disability or having learning disability
subgroup where cause and features are known namely Down and Fragile X syndrome
It may be present in some children with physical disability and those who suffered birth anoxia and sever infection for example meningitis
A. Down’s Syndrome It is a chromosomal disorder (1:600)
Occurs as result of either:
Extra chromosome is added in the 21
position (trisomy 21) due to
chromosomal non-dysjunction -- 95%
Chromosome mutation known
translocation where only part of
chromosome 21 present-- 5%
B. Fragile X-syndrome
Commonest cause of mental disability
It appears to be ex-linked dominant trait where male are more vulnerable because they only have one X-chromosome and affected more than female
Most children have a history of developmental delay, hyperactivity, cardiac defect (mitral valve prolapse) and physical features
C. AutismThree main clinically features:
onset within 2-3 years of lifeProfound alonenessObsessional desire for unchanging environment
Disorder beginning in the first 30 months of life
Failure to develop interpersonal relationships, delayed development of speech and language and development of compulsive behaviour
Children appear to be isolated
II. Learning Disability
It’s due to incomplete development of mind, particularly of intelligence to such degree
Delay in academic performance (2 years behind child’s ability)
Causes:-Minimal brain injury -Damage of central nervous system-Genetic factors
A. Dyslexia
Children whose reading skills are delayed for any reason
3-16%Associated with number of cognitive skills
Dental management of children with DisabilitiesFirst Dental VisitHome Dental Care
2. Medically compromised Cleft Lip and Palate