management of exertional heat illness
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Management of Exertional Heat Illness. Signs and symptoms for coaches, parents, and staff. Shawn Hanlon Wednesday, September 17, 2014. Just FYI. Use extreme caution in hot, humid weather Athletes can suffer from heat illness or even DEATH Watch for signs of Dehydration - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Management of Exertional Heat IllnessSigns and symptoms for coaches, parents, and staff
Shawn HanlonFriday, April 21, 2023
Just FYI• Use extreme caution in
hot, humid weather• Athletes can suffer from
heat illness or even DEATH
• Watch for signs of Dehydration
• Recognize who is more susceptible than others
• Wet bulb globe scale flag conditionsGreen: 80-84.9° Yellow:85-87.9°Red:88-89.9°Black:90°+
• This flag will be hung outside the ATF by 2pm
Just FYI
Hydration• Instruct your athletes to be well hydrated
24 hours prior to activity• 17-24 fluid ounces 3-4 hours before
exercise• 7-10 fluid ounces 15 minutes before
exercise• Small amounts throughout
the day
Drink me 15 minutes before
exercise!
Determining Hydration• Urine color is a good indicator• Light yellow= well hydrated• Dark yellow-brown= dehydrated• Body weight under normal conditions
compared to post-exercise– When 1-2% of BW is lost to sweat, athletes
begin to feel thirsty
Fluid Replacement• Sports drinks are better than water • Allow unlimited, easy access to fluids• Flavored drinks will stimulate thirst and increase
fluid intake (compared to water)
• Fluid intake should be as much as possible during exercise, but should not exceed the amount of fluid loss
• For vigorous activity lasting longer than 1 hour, adding sodium (0.3-0.7g per 8oz. Water) and carbohydrates(14g
per 8oz. Water) to drinks
Susceptible Individual Characteristics• Consider body type
– Those with more muscle mass are more prone to heat illness
• Overweight individuals• Previous history of heat
illness• Poor fitness level• Young or elderly
Acclimatization Process
Days 1-5 Only one practice per day
Days 1 and 2 Helmets only
Days 3 and 4 Helmets and shoulder pads only
Day 5 Full Pads
After Day 5 May begin two-a-days every other day
*Based on two hour practices
Heat Illness Prevention
Recognizing Heat Stress• Symptoms:
– muscle twitching– Cramps– Muscle spasms
Treatment of Heat Stress• Get them into air conditioning if possible• Intake large amounts of fluids• Ice massage for muscle cramps• Stretching• Ice bag across the neck/shoulders
Recognizing Heat Exhaustion• Symptoms:
– Excessive thirst– Seeming slowed down– Dry mouth– Temperature 102°-104°– Weakness– Fatigue
Treatment of Heat Exhaustion• Get them out of the sun and into a cool
room• Encourage them to drink as much as
possible • Sponge with cool water• Ice bags under armpits, groin, and on back
of neck• Cold tank emersion
Recognizing Heat Stroke• Headache or decreased mental acuity• Vomiting/diarrehea• Flushed skin• Increased heart rate (160-180)• Core temperature 104°+• Feels like they are burning up• COULD LEAD TO PERMANENT BRAIN
DAMAGE
Treatment of Heat Stroke• LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCY
activate EMS• Ice bath emersion in the meantime• Sponge with cool water and fan if ice bath
is not available• Have them try to drink fluids• Must lower their body temperature as soon
as possible
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis• Sudden muscle catabolism (breaking down)
and degeneration• Can occur in healthy athletes during intense
exercise in extreme climates• Gradual onset of muscle weakness,
swelling, pain• Can progress to renal failure or even death
Pre-season Checklist• Review CPR skills• Review the emergency action plan (EAP)• Encourage your athletes to start hydrating
the night before practice• Have unlimited fluids readily available• DO NOT take away water as punishment
Hanlon’s Recommendations• Educate yourself and others• Don’t panic, take a breath and act• NATA Position Statement on
exertional heat illness• NATA Position Statement on
Fluid Replacement• When in doubt, ship them out
Hanlon’s Recommendations
NATA recommendations for Heat Illness Prevention
Ensure appropriate medical care
Conduct pre-participation physicals to identify susceptible individuals
Acclimatize athletes over 10 to 14 days
Educate athletes and coaches regarding prevention, recognition, and treatment of heat illnesses
Educate athletes to balance fluid intake with sweat and urine loss
Encourage 6-8 hours of sleep
Monitor environmental conditions and develop guidelines for altering practices
Provide an adequate supply of water or sports drinks
Weigh high-risk athletes before and after practices
Minimize the equipment worn on hot days
Minimize warmup on hot days
Have appropriate emergency equipment available (ice, cold bath, water, thermometer)
Arnheim’s Principles of Athletic Training, 2009
Heat Illness Prevention Video
Questions?