management of spent nuclear fuelbalticbrilliantproject.eu/onewebmedia/20151020 - snf... ·...

1NCBJ Świerk, 27.08.2012Grzegorz WrochnaManagement of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Options for Nuclear Power Programme in Poland

Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel

OPTIONS FOR NULEAR POWER PROGRAMME

IN POLAND

Prof. dr hab. Stefan Chwaszczewski

Agnieszka Boettcher



POLISH NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME

Power – 6 000 MWe

Nuclear power units – III or III+ generation

Life time of nuclear plant – 60 years

Capacity factor – 90%

Fuel burnup: 55 GWd/MgIU (PWR)

47 GWd/MgIU (BWR)


Decay heat in spent fuel


Radiotoxicity


Radiotoxicity of Pu241

Time depenfence of 1 kg Pu241 radiotoxicity with decay product

6NCBJ Świerk, 27.08.2012Grzegorz Wrochna

Management SNF from LWR

Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Options for Nuclear Power Programme in Poland


Radiotoxicity of SNF from LWR



Radiotoxicity of SNF from LWR


According to Polish standards:

Radioactive waste repositories shall be sited, constructed, operated and closed

in the manner, which prevents the members of general public from receiving

an annual effective dose in excess of 0.1 mSv from all exposure pathways,

in case of:

1) Surface repository – for 500 years

2) Deep repository – for 10 000 years.

Comments:

1. Human history covered period ~ 4 000 ÷ 6 000 years !

2. What happen after 10 000 years?


SNF storage

Wet storage.

Active cooling system

Corrosion

Criticality

Terrorism

Dry storage

No active cooling system

Minor terrorism impact

High temperature

Stell canister corrosion

- but:


Disposal SNF (ONKALO)

SNF disposal costs –

450 000 €/MgIU (2003)

ONKALO

0,9€/MWh


Deep Borehole Disposal



SNF reprocessing

Goal: To shorten of the isolation period from environment

Use of fission isotopes from SNF as MOX fuel


SNF reprocessing

SNF, MOX and

waste transport

route.


SNF reprocessing

CONCLUSION

1. Fuel economy 11%

2. No effect to shorten storage

period

3. Fuel economy less then

cost of MOX technology


SNF recycling

Amount and radiotoxicity of elements group in 1 MgIU

SNF with 55 GWh burnup

Fission

products


SNF recycling



Prediction of the nuclear power reactors

development in USA



SNF recycling


Questions: 1. How many watts (TWh) from recycling?

2. How many uranium from recycling?

Busbar electricity costs from recycling ~130 PLN/MWh (2013)

Electricity price for power stations in Poland – 181.55 PLN/MWh (2013)

20NCBJ Świerk, 27.08.2012Grzegorz WrochnaStefan Chwaszczewski Gospodarka wypalonym paliwem jądrowym. Analiza opcji dla Programu Polskiej Energetyki Jądrowej

Calculations

Code „ORIGEN” calculations on a scale a million years ;

Code „Cykle paliwowe” calculations on a scale up to ten years:

N- amount of i,n,k atoms

Λ-decay constant

Φ-neutron flux

Σ- effective cross sections

Codes: One-group and 0-dim

Cross sections: averaged on 69 energy group neutron flux (IAEA

ENDF)

Neutron flux energy distribution: for LWR- calculated by WIMS

code; for FBR- Watt function.

21NCBJ Świerk, 27.08.2012Grzegorz WrochnaStefan Chwaszczewski Gospodarka wypalonym paliwem jądrowym. Analiza opcji dla Programu Polskiej Energetyki Jądrowej

Programy obliczeń fizycznych

Isotopes analyzed by ORIGEN and

Cykle paliwowe codes

Analyzed nuclear reactions

n,f




Recycling Center can be a next stage of nuclear power in Poland

Thank you for attention

management of spent nuclear fuelbalticbrilliantproject.eu/onewebmedia/20151020 - snf... ·...

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