Managing Nuclear Knowledge

and Nuclear RenaissanceQuo Vadis?

1. Global Energy Needs and Nuclear Power2. Nuclear Power and Nuclear Knowledge3. The Challenges for Knowledge

Management4. IAEA NKM program

Yanko Yanev IAEA

DESPERATE ENERGY NEED

ACCELERATING GROWTH

ONGOING DEMAND

Energy proportions

Energy and Development Every significant advance in the

20th century has been created by “modern energy”:

Great energy milestones: Big oil era began in 1901 Electricity replaced coal, gas and

kerosene generated light Internal combustion engine created

cars Middle East oil created “cheap oil

forever” Atomic energy created electricity

”too cheap to meter” Piping natural gas created miracle

of energy heat Wind and Solar are promising an

“energy paradise” for all

5

The Human Development Index

█ over 0.95█ 0.90-0.949 █ 0.85-0.899 █ 0.80-0.849

█ 0.75-0.799 █ 0.70-0.749 █ 0.65-0.699 █ 0.60-0.649

█ 0.55-0.599 █ of 0.50-0.54█ of 0.45-0.49 █ 0.40-0.449

█ 0.35-0.399 █ 0.30-0.349 █ <0.30 █ N/A

HDI

HDI and Electricity Use

World of Scenarios and Projections

World population

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

14 000

16 000

18 000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Mto

e Hydro

Nuclear

Biomass

Gas

Coal

Oil

World energy demand expands by 45% between now and 2030 – an average rate of increase of 1.6% per year – with coal accounting for more than a third of the overall rise

World energy demand

Solar

World

World of Climate Change Realities

Can Nuclear Energy Provide a Solution to the Energy Dilemma?

Nuclear PowerIndividual countries requesting IAEA assistance

Mature Nuclear Countries & continue developing

Mature Nuclear Countries & phase out decision made

New comer Nuclear Countries & never finished to built

New comer Nuclear Countries with previous experiences Countries which has information in Country Nuclear Power Profiles

European landscape

Demand for Nuclear Knowledge

With a forthcoming high growth in nuclear industry worldwide, maintaining nuclear competencies both in industry and nuclear regulatory authorities will be the most critical challenge in the near future.

Governments and the nuclear industry have already recognized the need to secure qualified human resources in the nuclear energy field.

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 20051945

Nuclear Knowledge a remarkable achievement of human development

Nuclear Power Development

16

Nuclear knowledge is an asset and should be managed

efficiently

16

Industry Knowledge

Corporate and Executive Knowledge

Nuclear Processes / Manager and Supervisor Knowledge

Front line / Craftsperson / Skilled Labor Knowledge

Asset Classes:

Physical Capital - Equipment/Hardware

Technology Capital - IT/Process Knowledge

Human Capital - People

A resource which was created by absorbing other resources, Has its own cost .Has to be managed in an efficient and effective manner to help to reach organizational or national goals.

The Knowledge Load for Nuclear Power

Needed Knowledge for Nuclear power development

InstrumentationControl and Indus. Info.

Safety,Fuel,

Neutron Physics

Metallurgy,Structure of Materials,Non intrusive Control

Civil Engineering

ElectromechanicalEngineering

Operations

Design, Process

Thermohydraulics

Radiation protection

Chemistry Environment Calculation code

Signal processing

15%

14%

11%

6%11%

25%

10%

2% 4% 2%

20

The “Knowledge challenges” Aging of nuclear personnel, retirement,

Loss of valuable nuclear knowledge, Degradation in technology skills and know-

how, Possible degradation in safety of current

installations? Dilution or loss of innovation potential? Status of Nuclear R&D? - Gen4,INPRO Education & Training, where are we heading?

Developed countries are the custodians of nuclear knowledge accumulated over decades. There is consensus that actions need to be taken to preserve its key parts.

Problem: effective knowledge transfer between generations of workers, the need to sustain and develop sufficient human resources to sustain the operation of existing facilities and to prepare for a possible expansion in the future.

21

Developing countries face different knowledge problems: capacity building, access to and transfer of knowledge to the “country of growth”.

Knowledge and human resources need to be build up for new nuclear power programmes, and knowledge needs to be sustained (and not be brain-drained).

22

Countries Review

Do we have the people with the right knowledge and skills to

achieve a sustained growth in Nuclear power worldwide?

USA landscape

Nuclear Engineering Trends in Nuclear Chemistry

Programs

Source: NEDHO 2004

Trends In Graduates Enrollment Trends In Graduates Enrollment and and Federal Investment – Federal Investment – 1990-20081990-2008

DO

E I

nve

stm

en

t ($

in M

illio

ns

–re

d)

Nu

mb

er o

f Un

de

rgra

d S

tud

en

ts - yello

w

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

0

500

1000

1500

2000

35 2500

2008

undergrads

DOE-NE $

“Enrollment Metric”

26/15

The needs of the French nuclear program

Per year 2011Per year after

2011

TotalEnginee

rs & PhD

TotalEnginee

rs & PhD

Industry 1 200 900 1 100 650

R&D 250 120 200 100

Sub contractors

1 000 500 700 300

Total 2 450 1 500 2 100 1 050

27

The Russian nuclear workforce

The German Phase-out

Need for nuclear specialists in Germany

Manpower for Operating China NPPs

No

. o

f E

mp

loye

es (

cum

ula

tive

)

Year

31

UK Nuclear human resource

Time to build competence

National Priorities of IAEA Member States

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

National NKMPriorities

Education Knowledgetransfer

R&D Knowledgesharing

Training andqualification

Series1

Critical Knowledge Issues

How to retain existing skills and competences for the long period during which a plant is operating, especially when facilities in that country may be at the end of the life cycle and no additional facilities are foreseen in the near future.

How to develop new skills and competences in areas such as decommissioning and radioactive waste management, which may be viewed as "sunset" activities and therefore unattractive to young people.

How to support a revival of nuclear power in countries wishing to do so, with an ageing workforce and declining programs.

Markets can create and preserve knowledge only in areas of commercial interest and during the time this interest lasts.

Managing nuclear knowledge requires long-term planning and remains in the responsibility of governments as a part of national development plans and international obligations both for developed and developing countries.

35

Are we not duplicating industry?

Can the nuclear industry protect knowledge alone?

Industry must address immediate requirements◦ Design, delivery, and

operations need constant focus

◦ Safety and regulation◦ Economics

Governments must address longer term issues◦ Policy-making◦ R&D for

Pre-commercial Strategic Regulatory

◦ Underlying science◦ Education & infrastructure◦ Agency Government

focus

36

Players and Roles

Lower RiskShort Term

Higher RiskLong Term

Ris

k

Time

IndustryFocus

GovernmentFocus

Lower RiskLong Term

Higher RiskShort Term

The role for the Agency is to assist in the transfer of knowledge from “centres of competence” to the “centres of growth”.

Potentially high risk of knowledge loss and additional cost for future generations must be avoided, and the Agency can help to integrate this long-term aspect into today's strategic decisions.

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The Role of the IAEA

38

Agency’ Programme Evolution

Analyzing Needs

2000

2011

2003

2005

2007

2009

Promoting NKM

Guidance & Methodology

Providing Services & Support

20041st NKM Conference

ANENT, WNU SI established

GC/RES on Managing Nuclear Knowledge

2002 Meeting of Senior

Officials st GC RES on Managing Nuclear

Knowledge

2006/72nd NKM ConferenceNuclear Knowledge

PortalANENT Cyber

platform launched 3rd GC RES

Knowledge MANAGEMENT

Knowledge CULTURE

2005 1st KM Assist Visit NKM Methodology

& Guidance developed

2008/9 – 2010/111.Promoting Knowledge Management Culture2. Providing Services3. Developing knowledge products4. Facilitate networking and knowledge sharing.

Nucl

ear

Energ

y

Seri

es

Knowledge Management Methodology and Guidance

50-SG-Q1 to Q7Safety Guides

50-C-Q CodeQuality Assurance

GS-G-3.1 Thematic Guidance on Management Systems

GS-R-3Safety Requirements onManagement Systems

50-SG-Q8 to Q14Safety Guides

DS 349 Specific Guidance for MS

Of Nuclear Facilities

+ new material(Knowledge Management)

+ new material(Knowledge Management)

+ new material

NKM is part of Integrated Management Systems

IAEA NKM Publications

NKM Guidance underdevelopment

Knowledge Management for Radwaste Management Organizations,

Process Oriented Knowledge Management in Nuclear operating Organizations

Managing Knowledge in New NPP Builds

NKM Program 2008/9 43

Post

Con

stru

ction

Cons

truc

tion

Proc

urem

ent

Pre

Cons

truc

tion

Perm

itting

Valu

e En

gine

erin

g

Due

Dili

genc

e

Assi

gn P

roje

ct T

eam

Proj

ect B

uy-o

ut

Subc

ontr

acts

Purc

hase

Ord

ers

Mob

iliza

tion

Stag

ing

Layo

ut

Ope

ratio

ns

Proj

ect C

lose

Out

Ow

ner A

ccep

tanc

e

War

rant

y

Proj

ect E

valu

ation

Long

Lea

d Ite

ms

30 Months 16 Months 36 Months 16 Months

Build Bid PackageRFQ

Bid Eval Award NTP Scheduled Construction

Design Commitment Design Completion RFI’s Submittal Review Change Order Review Time Extension Justification

BFO

COL

COLA

Lice

nse

Ope

ratio

nal

Ong

oing

Lic

ense

Doc

s

Ope

ratio

nal S

uppo

rt

24 months Continuing

Development Evaluation Assessment Supportive Conclusion Continuance

Appl

icati

on D

evel

opm

ent

Review Review

.

Com

plia

nce

Mat

rix

ASME SECTIONS 3 + 11

43

Construction Oversight Knowledge Management Tool for new build NPPs

NKM and Construction Oversight

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The NKM project for nuclear education

Comprehensive, supporting materials

All the Agency’s resources

INIS

Library

Training materials

Nuclear Safety Series

Nuclear Energy docs.

National reports

Others

The Cyber Learning Platform

Operated jointly by Member States and IAEA

(Industry?)

Programs and Curricula

Cooperation with MEPhI, ENEN, Dalton Inst., etc.

Provision of Educators, Mentors, and Tutors

A bit more complicate

d

INFORMATION RESOURCES

CYBER PLATFORM

NUCLEAR DISCIPLINES

IAEA Global Nuclear Education Platform –

Operated from KAERI, Vienna, Bariloche, Johannesburg

Agency Network for Education in Nuclear Technology

Support to develop, consolidate, and utilize the web-based standardized education and training materials

Provide infrastructure for distance, knowledge sharing and communication in nuclear education.

Currently operate or under consideration:

ANENT

LA NENT

AFRA NENT(?)

A - N E N T

NKM Program 2008/9 46

World Nuclear University

The Agency is a founding supporter of the WNU.

IAEA supports fellows from developing countries through the TC program.

IAEA provides faculty to WNU Summer Institute and other WNU programs.

46

The Knowledge Assist Visits

Evaluation of organizational

NKM elements,

Analysis of organizational

needs for NKM,

Support in developing a

Strategy for NKM,

Assistance in methods and

tools for NKM,

Risk assessment of

knowledge loss.

48

Fast Reactor Knowledge System

IAEA

JAPAN

USA

GERMANY

FRANCE

RUSSIA

UK

IAEA-broker

andprovider

END

USER

+ links to other Knowledge Resources

General Principles:

•Electronic Documents Access

•Confidentiality and Intellectual property rights

•Sharing and commercial access

DATA

FA

ST

RE

AC

TO

RS

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N

KNOW-HOW

INDIA

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“NuArch” - Archiving the “Nuclear Internet”

1. A web crawler identifies and downloads (harvests) nuclear information resources from the Internet.

2. The harvested materials is automatically indexed and stored in a high-volume archive with version control.

3. A customised version of an advanced search engine indexes all contents.

4. Specialised analysis tools are developed.

Nu

Arch

Nu

Arch

Three reasons to consider about Nuclear Renaissance…

The world is in desperate need of energy.

By releasing waste from fossil energy production into the atmosphere, we pollute the environment and we pass on to our children a little more each day. Is that acceptable? Is it sustainable?

Mankind has - since its beginnings - proved itself capable of controlling technical progress to ensure its own well being and the smooth development of the planet.

The two High-Tech laws that apply also to nuclear…

"The beginnings of any technology-rich business are all characterized by a shortage of large numbers of technically trained people needed to support ultimate growth"

"The resources will come when the business becomes attractive to the best-and brightest who adapt skills to become part of an exciting opportunity"

The Role of Nuclear Power Nuclear power is the most scaleable cost

competitive source of non carbon electricity.

Whether or not North America and Europe will expand nuclear power, China , India and the rest of the world will, for a cost effective reduction of greenhouse gases.

Nuclear power alone will not take us where we want to be but we will not make it without nuclear power!

Nuclear Knowledge ManagementPriorities Nothing ever

works on its own. It always has to be managed.’

New talent is badly needed if Nuclear power will play its role in the energy future.

Number one priority!

QUO VADIS - Where are we going?

When Saint Peter met Jesus as he was running from being crucified in Rome, Peter asked Jesus the question – Quo vadis?

Jesus answered, "I am going to Rome to be crucified again“.

This prompted Peter to gain the courage to continue his ministry and eventually become a martyr.

THANK YOU,

Browse your best resource on Managing Nuclear Knowledge :http://www.iaea.org/inisnkm