managing projects with practical software & systems ... isma6 managing projects with...
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Managing Projects with
Practical Software & Systems
Measurement – PSM
Mauricio Aguiar PSM Qualified Instructor
TI Métricas Ltda.
Av. Rio Branco 181/1910
Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Brazil 20040-007
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Agenda Topics
• Project Management Problems
• Applying PSM
• Using PSM with FPA
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Project Management Problems Project Development Schedule
Activity
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Integration and
Test
16 May 8 Nov 16 May 17 Oct
16 May 17 Oct
27 Sep 24 Apr
17 Jan 3 May
17 Jan 20 Jun
16 Jun 18 Sep
15 Dec 27 Dec
15 Dec 7 Mar
15 Dec 28 Feb
13 Mar 17 Jan
1 Jan 28 Oct
1 Jan 10 Mar
1 Jan 13 Apr
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Actual
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Project Management Problems The Gantt Chart
• The Gantt Chart is named after Henry Gantt (1861–
1919), who designed his chart around the years
1910–1915.
• Can we do better than that?
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Project Management Problems Schedule Versus Staffing
Requirements
Design-1
Design-2
Design-3
Implementation-1
Implementation-2
Implementation-3
Integration and
Test
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
# of Staff
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec
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Project Management Problems
Code and Unit Test Progress
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Oct 96 Nov 96 Dec 96 Jan 97 Feb 97 Mar 97 Apr 97 May 97
Date
Plan Actual
Data as of 03/04/97 Project: TNMS
# of Units
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Project Management Problems The PSM Analysis Model
Technology
Effectiveness
Process
Performance
Product Size
and Stability
Resources
Schedule and
Progress
Customer
Satisfaction
Product
Quality
Information Categories
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Project Management Problems
Staffing Level
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Jan 96 Jul 96 Jan 97 Jul 97 Jan 98 Jul 98 Jan 99 Date
Plan
Actual
Project: TNMS Data as of 03/04/97
# of FTE
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Project Management Problems
Functional Size
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Jan 96 Jul 96 Jan 97 Jul 97 Jan 98 Jul 98 Jan 99
Date
Plan
Actual
Project: TNMS Data as of 03/04/97
FPs
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Project Management Problems The PSM Analysis Model
Resources
Customer
Satisfaction
Product
Quality
Information Categories
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Applying PSM
• PSM - Practical Software & Systems
Measurement - is a methodology for the
design and implementation of a measurement
program
• PSM is fully compatible with the ISO/IEC 15939
standard and with the Measurement and
Analysis Process Area of the CMMI
• PSM is sponsored by the DoD and the US
Army
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Applying PSM Select Measures
• Measures should be derived from Information Needs
• Information Needs are based on
– Objectives
– Obstacles
• Risks
• Problems
• Lack of Information
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Applying PSM Information Categories
• PSM includes a set of measures successfully used in
the industry
• Measures are grouped into Information Categories
– Schedule and Progress
– Resources and Cost
– Product Size and Stability
– Product Quality
– Process Performance
– Technology Effectiveness
– Customer Satisfaction
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Applying PSM The PSM Process Model
Objectives
Issues
Evaluate
Measurement
Improvement Actions
Analysis Results &
Performance Measures
Scope of PSM
User Feedback
Analysis Results
Establish & Sustain
Commitment
Technical &
Management Processes
Perform
Measurement New
Issues
Measurement Plan
Core Measurement Activities
Plan Measurement
and
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Applying PSM - The PSM Process Model - Details
Identify and Prioritize
Information Needs
Select and
Specify Measures
Integrate into
Project Processes
Plan Measurement
Collect and
Process Data
Analyze
Data
Make
Recommendations
Perform Measurement
Evaluate
Measures
Evaluate
Measurement Process
Update
Experience
Base
Identify and
Implement
Improvements
Evaluate Measurement
Obtain Organizational
Commitment
Define
Responsibilities
Provide
Resources
Review
Program
Establish and Sustain Commitment
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Applying PSM Three Major Project Concerns
Defects?
“ilities”?
• Schedule
• Cost
• Quality
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Applying PSM Using the PSM Analysis Model
CMMI
Level Architecture
Scope
Productivity
Requirements
Information Categories
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Applying PSM A Plan for Immediate Action
CMMI
Level Architecture
Scope
Productivity
Requirements
Information Categories
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Applying PSM Control Requirements
# of Requirements
Build 1
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Jul 96 Jan 97 Jul 97 Jan 98 Jul 98 Jan 99
# o
f R
eq
uir
em
en
ts
Begin of Build 1 SW Design
Begin of
Build 1 I&T
30 Aug 98
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Applying PSM Control Functional Size
Functional Size
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Jan 96 Jul 96 Jan 97 Jul 97 Jan 98 Jul 98 Jan 99
Date
Plan
Actual
Project: TNMS Data as of 03/04/97
FPs
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Using PSM with FPA Function Point Analysis (FPA)
External
Interface Files External Input
External Output
External Inquiry
Application Being Counted
Other
Applications
External Output
External Input
External Inquiry
Internal
Logical
File
User (Business) View
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Using PSM with FPA Using FPA to Control Scope
Initial Estimated Size = 2000 FP
Price per FP
Initial Measured Size = 2200 FP
Budget &
RFP
Requirements
Definition Construction
Delivered Size
=2500 FP
Scope Management
Analysis
Measurement Approval
Accrual
.
Changes...
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Using PSM with FPA FPA Infrastructure
• Allocate budget, resources, and responsibilities
• Implement standards and procedures for:
– Collection
– Validation
– Storage
– Analysis
– Reporting
– Using Results
• Document local FP rules and interpretations
• Measure, monitor, and continuously improve the process
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Using PSM with FPA Using PSM to Implement FPA
.
Institutionalize FPA
Assign roles
Hire, Train, Certify Counters
Monitor
FPA Usage
Obtain Organizational
Commitment
Define
Responsibilities
Provide
Resources
Review
Program
Establish and Sustain Commitment
Join IFPUG
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Using PSM with FPA Using PSM to Implement FPA
Identify size-related information needs as
well as related measures
Types of counts,
Estimation methods,
Local rules,
Productivity
Measurement procedures,
Documentation,
Reports
Identify and Prioritize
Information Needs
Select and
Specify Measures
Integrate into
Project Processes
Plan Measurement
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Using PSM with FPA Using PSM to Implement FPA
Gather and organize
documentation,
Perform counts,
Calculate productivities,
Track size changes
Interpret and analyze
measurement results
Comunicate results and
make recommendations
Collect and
Process Data
Analyze
Data
Make
Recommendations
Perform Measurement
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Using PSM with FPA Using PSM to Implement FPA
Periodically evaluate both
the measures and the process
Document lessons learned
Continuously improve the process
Evaluate
Measures
Evaluate
Measurement Process
Update
Experience
Base
Identify and
Implement
Improvements
Evaluate Measurement
