8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmuB snzfn| dj umn nzfenhan dj umn cnhnuq dj hbufzn

usnnq qwnafnq jds qmn`uns dh umn |buns snlfkn dj

wbqu~sn bhe bsbc`n asdwq

Mbswns Bebkq ^hfznsqfuv Ad``nln

@d~fqn Edhhfqdh

Kbsam 3723

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

2/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmuB snzfn| dj umn nzfenhan dj umn cnhnuq dj hbufzn usnnq

qwnafnq jds qmn`uns dh umn |buns snlfkn dj wbqu~sn bhe

bsbc`n asdwq

Mbswns Bebkq hfznsqfuv Ad``nln

Umfq snzfn| |bq j~hene cv Umn \ddebhe Us~qu bhe adhe~aune bu Mbswns Bebkq

^hfznsqfuv Ad``nln( Umbhiq bsn e~n ud Fzbh Lsdzn, Obknq \bunsqdh bhe Wnuns

Inuu`n|n`` jsdk Mbswns Bebkq jds umnfs dznsb`` l~febhan bhe absnj~` snbefhl dj umfq

snzfn| bhe beene fkwsdznknhuq, bhe ud Kfin Ud|hqnhe jsdk Umn \dde`bhe Us~qu

jds umn dznsb`` qunnsfhl dj umfq snzfn|( Dsflfhb``v |sfuunh Daudcns 3722(

Bnsfb`zfn|djbsbc`njbsk`bhefhMbkwqmfsnadkwnun|fummnelnqbheusnnq?WnunsEnbh$Blsfwfau~snFkblnq

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu

AdhunhuqN}na~ufzn q~kkbsv :

2 ^I blsfa~`u~sn bhe A`fkbun ambhln 6

2(2 Fhusde~aufdh 6

2(3 A~ssnhu ^I |buns qmdsublnq 6

2(1 A`fkbun ambhln wsnefaufdhq bhe ^I blsfa~`u~sn 27

2(5 Jdde Qna~sfuv 27

3 Bfk dj snzfn| bhe knumded`dlv 27

1 Asdw |buns ~qn 22

1(2 Fhusde~aufdh 22

1(3 Nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh 22

1(1 Jbaudsq bjjnaufhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh 22

5 Qmn`unscn`uq 2(1 W`bhu qus~au~sn 33

>(5 Usnn asdw nhzfsdhknhu 33

>(> Adkw~uns kden``fhl 35

>(:Wsnzfd~qsnzfn|hefhlq 3>

: ^I Nzfenhan 3:

:(2 Fhusde~aufdh 3:

:(3 @bai dj ^I nzfenhan 3:

:(1 Qmn`unscn`u qu~efnq 3=

:(5 Blsdjdsnqusv qu~efnq 36

:(> Adkw~uns kden``fhl 12

< N~sdwnbh Nzfenhan 11

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

4/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu

N}na~ufzn q~kkbsv2( A`fkbun ambhln qanhbsfdq q~llnqu umbu umn I |f`` n}wnsfnhan n}usnknq dj |nbumns |fum esfns

mduuns q~kknsq bhe |nuuns |fhunsq( \buns fq b`snbev dzns bcqusbaune fh bsln bsnbq dj qd~umnsh

Nhl`bhe( A`fkbun ambhln qanhbsfdq wsnefau umfq |f`` lnu |dsqn( \buns qmdsublnq fh umn I bhe

dznsqnbq kbv fhasnbqn umn nzn` bhe zd`buf`fuv dj jdde wsfanq( Ud kbfhubfh a~ssnhu nzn`q dj blsfa~`u~sb`

wsde~aufdhbhenhq~snjddeqna~sfuv|bunshnnequdcn~qnekdsnnjafnhu`v(

3(Umnsnzfn|bqqnqqnqumncnhnuqdjhbufznusnnqwnafnqjdsqmn`unsdhumn|bunssnlfkndjwbqu~sn

bhe asdwq( Fu esb|q dh nzfenhan jsdk umn ^I, N~sdwn bhe dumns unkwnsbun dhnq( Cnjdsn umn

nzfenhan fq wsnqnhune dznszfn|q bsn lfznh dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh, qmn`unscn`u enqflh bhe asdw

kfasda`fkbun(

1( Nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh fq umn wsdanqq cv |mfam |buns fq dqu jsdk umn blsfa~`u~sb` nhzfsdhknhu( Fu fq b

adkcfhbufdh dj cdum nzbwdsbufdh jsdk umn qdf` q~sjban bhe asdw usbhqwfsbufdh( Asdw usbhqwfsbufdh

fq umn wsdanqq cv |mfam |buns fq dqu bq zbwd~s jsdk w`bhu ufqq~nq umd~lm qkb`` dwnhfhlq dh umn

w`bhu nbj( Umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh fq adhusd``ne cv qd`bs sbefbufdh, unkwnsbu~sn, |fhe qwnne

bhe m~kfefuv( Umn nhnslv ud zbwdsfqn |buns jsdk umn w`bhu bhe qdf` q~sjban fq wsdzfene cv qd`bssbefbufdh bhe ud b nqqns n}unhu unkwnsbu~sn( Bq nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh daa~sq m~kfefuv nzn`q fhasnbqn

bsd~he umn qdf` ds `nbj q~sjban( Bq umn bfs cnadknq qbu~sbune umn wsdanqq q`d|q ed|h ~h`nqq |buns

zbwd~s fq snkdzne( Umn snw`banknhu sbun fq enwnhenhu dh |fhe qwnne bhe u~sc~`nhan( Jbquns |fhe

qwnneq |f`` usbhqjns bslns bkd~huq dj esv bfs dzns umn qdf` ds nbj q~sjban bhe umnsnjdsn snkdzn

qbu~sbune bfs kdsn r~fai`v jsdk nzbwdsbufzn dhnq, um~q fhasnbqfhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq( \buns

jds usbhqwfsbufdh fq q~ww`fne jsdk qdf` |buns( \mnh nzn`q dj bzbf`bc`n qdf` |buns esdw cn`d| b ansubfh

zb`~n umn asdw fq |buns+qusnqqne bhe umn bai dj |buns snq~`uq fh b sne~aufdh fh usbhqwfsbufdh bhe

~`ufkbun`v asdw vfn`e( Znlnubufdh bhe a~`ufzbufdh wsbaufanq abh b`qd fkwbau nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq(

5( Usnnq w`bhune dh jbskq abh cn ~qne jds j~n , qmn`uns, qwdsu, `bheqabwn nhmbhanknhu bhe ud nhad~sbln

cfdefznsqfuv( Usnnq abh qmn`uns c~f efhlq, asdwq bhe bhfkb`q jsdk |fhe, q~h, sbfh bhe qhd|( Qmn`unscn`uq

b`uns umn qwnne bhe efsnaufdh dj |fhe( Wdsdqfuv bhe mnflmu bsn umn kbfh jbaudsq umbu enunskfhn umn

`nzn` dj wsdunaufdh lfznh cv b qmn`unscn`u( B enhqn qmn`unscn`u wsdzfenq b qkb`` bsnb dj fhunhqn qmn`uns(

B qmn`unscn`u dj nqq umbh 57 wns anhu wdsdqfuv |f`` sne~an |fhe qwnneq cv bq k~am bq 67 wns anhu

bhe wsdunau bh bsnb ~w ud 27 ufknq umn mnflmu dj umn qmn`uns( Qmn`unscnu mnflmu enunskfhnq umn

n}unhu dj adzns? umn ub` ns umn qmn`uns, umn `bslns umn bsnb dj adzns( Ub` qmn`unscn`uq |fum bh dwufk~k

wdsdqfuv dj cnu|nnh 57:7 wns anhu wsdunau bh bsnb ~w ud 17 ufknq umn mnflmu dj umn qmn`unscn`u

asnbufhl qmn`uns q~fubc`n jds asdwq( Umn qmn`unscn`u qmd~`e cn bq ub`` b q dab` adhefufdhq b``d|(

Blsf+Jdde Abhbeb snadkknhe qmn`unscn`u usnnq umbu bu kbu~sfuv snbam 2>k fh mnflmu( B enubf`ne

jbsk b~efu abh f enhufjv umn bsnbq fh kdqu hnne dj qmn`uns( Qmn`unscn`uq adkwdqne dj hbufzn enafe~d~q

usnnqbsnblddeamdfanbqumnvbsn|n``bebwuneud`dab`adhefufdhqbhembznb`nbnqqwnsfde|mfam

b``d|q wbqu~sn ud snadzns fh |fhuns jsdk umn beznsqn njjnauq dj qmbefhl(

>( Umn njjnau dj qmn`uns dh asdw wsde~aufdh f q b snq~`u dj k~`ufw`n fhunsbaufhl jbaudsq( Qmn`unscn`uqkdefjv umn asdw kfasda`fkbun cv sne~afhl |fhe qwnneq bhe fhasnbqfhl ebvufkn unkwnsbu~snq(

@d|ns |fhe qwnneq fhasnbqn umn nzn` dj m~kfefuv bsd~he umn usbhqwfsfhl w`bhu q~sjban

q`d|fhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh( Fhasnbqne ebvufkn unkwnsbu~sn wsdzfenq kdsn nhnslv ud esfzn

nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh( Sne~aufdhq fh |fhe qwnne abh fhasnbqn znlnubufzn lsd|um( B |n`` |bunsne asdw

wsdunaune cv qmn`uns kbv ~qn umn qbkn bkd~hu dj |buns bq b hdh+qmn`unsne asdw, c~u |d~`e mbzn

fhasnbqnewmdudqvhumnqfqsbunqbheumnsnjdsnfhasnbqne|buns~qnnjafnhav(Qmn`unsabhsne~an

knambhfab` ebkbln dj asdwq( Umn fhusde~aufdh dj usnnq fhud umn asdw nhzfsdhknhu abh kdefjv qdf`

qus~au~sn, umnsnjdsn fkwbaufhl asdw |buns snlfknq( Md|nzns, usnnq abh qmben asdwq bhe adkwnun jds

|buns bhe h~usfnhuq, sne~afhl asdw vfn`eq beobanhu ud qmn`uns( Umnqn vfn`e sne~aufdhq bsn enwnhenhu

dh qmn`unscn`u qwnafnq, asdw uvwn bhe dab` adhefufdhq( Vfn`e sne~aufdhq uvwfab``v daa~s ~w ud b

efqubhan dj 2+3M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u, |mnsn M snwsnqnhuq umn mnflmu dj umn qmn`unscn`u(

N}na~ufzn q~kkbsv

kjsdkenafe~d~qqmn`unscn`uqbqenkdhqusbune

bu Wdhucsnh, \b`nq( Blsdjdsnqusv n}wnsfknhuq adhe~aune fh umn I mbzn enkdhqusbune umbu asdwq

bhe hbufzn enafe~d~q usnnq abh cn lsd|h udlnumns |mf`n quf`` kbfhubfhfhl ldde nadhdkfa snu~shq(

Absnj~` qn`naufdh dj usnnq, q~am bq amddqfhl enafe~d~q usnnq dzns adhfjnsq, abh sne~an umn hnlbufzn

njjnauq dj qmn`uns(

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu ^I blsfa~`u~sn bhe a`fkbun ambhln

6

^I blsfa~`u~sn bhe a`fkbunambhln

2(2 Fhusde~aufdhA`fkbun ambhln qanhbsfdq q~llnqu umbu umn I |f`` n}wnsfnhan kdsn n}usnknq dj |nbumns |fum esfns

mduuns q~kknsq bhe |nuuns |fhunsq( Qfhan blsfa~`u~sb` bhe adznsq wns anhu dj umn I umfq fq bh

bsnb dj adhansh, bq fu jbanq umn blsfa~`u~sb` qnauds |fum umn amb``nhln dj dwnsbufhl |fumfh bh fhasnbqfhl`v

~hwsnefaubc`n hbu~sb` nhzfsdhknhu -Ihd} nu b`(, 3727&( Usnnq mbzn umn abwbafuv ud qubcf fqn bhe c~jjns

blsfa~`u~sb` wsde~aufdh jsdk umnqn a`fkbufa n}usnknq -Mnsdl, 3777&( Umnv mbzn cnnh ~qne umsd~lmd~u

mfqudsvudwsdzfenqmn`unsudasdwq,bhfkb`q,qdf`qbhec~f`efhlqbheudsne~anumnsfqidjddeq

-Hfqcnu nu b`(,3722&(Umnqncnhnuqmbzncnnhsnadlhfqnecvldznshknhuqqfhanumnkfe+2577q,|mnh

umn Qaduufqm wbs`fbknhu nhad~sblne umn w`bhufhl dj |fhe csnbiq ud wsdunau blsfa~`u~sb` bhe -Csbhe`n

nu b`(, 3775&( A~ssnhu`v qmn`uns cn`uq, mnelnq bhe qkb`` bsnbq dj jdsnquq bsn qabuunsne umsd~lmd~u umn`bheqabwn, wsdzfefhl qmn`uns ud bsbc`n bhe wbqu~sn jbskfhl( Usnnq bsn hd| hnnene nznh kdsn ud mn`w ^I

blsfa~`u~sn bebwu ud a`fkbun ambhln -JBD, 26=6&(

Umfq fhusde~audsv qnaufdh |f`` n}bkfhn umn a~ssnhu bhe wsnefaune |buns qmdsublnq jbafhl I blsfa~`u~sn

bhe umn fkw`fabufdhq jds jdde qna~sfuv( Umn I hnneq ud adhqfens b`` qusbunlfnq umbu abh fhasnbqn

njafnhafnqfh|buns~qnfha`~efhlumncnhnafb`sd`ndjqmn`unswsdzfenecvusnnq(

2(3 A~ssnhu ^I |buns qmdsublnqFh umn bqu >7 vnbsq umn bkd~hu dj |buns bcqusbaune jsdk I qd~sanq mbq fhasnbqne -Ambs`udh nu b`(,

37279 \nbumnsmnbe bhe Md|enh, 3776&( @bsln wbsuq dj qd~umnsh Nhl`bhe bsn a~ssnhu`v dzns+bcqusbaune

-Ambs`udh nu b`(, 3727&( Umnqn bsnbq bsn wnskbhnhu`v ~hens |buns qusnqq |fum sne~ane nzn`q dj qdf`

|buns bzbf`bc`n jds asdw lsd|um( Umn I mbq b`snbev n}wnsfnhane qnznsn esd~lmu adhefufdhq q~am bq

umdqn dj 26 wns anhu dj umnfs wsde~aufdh ubinq w`ban fh

bsnbq adhqfensne bq dzns+bcqusbaune -Ihd} nu b`(, 3727&(

\buns qmdsublnq asnbun amb``nhlnq jds jbsknsq usvfhl ud nhq~sn dwufk~k r~b`fuv bhe vfn`eq bhe kbv cn

b adhefufdh dj |fhhfhl adhusbauq |fum ansubfh q~wnskbsinuq -\nbumnsmnbe bhe Md|enh, 37769

ENJSB, 3722&( Asdw r~b`fuv fq enwnhenhu dh umn ufkfhl bhe zd`~kn dj |buns bww`fabufdhq( Fh umn

esd~lmudj266>umnvfn`ebher~b`fuvdjwdubudnq,q~lbscnnubhen`eznlnubc`nasdwq|nsnsne~ane

e~n ud fssflbufdh snqusfaufdhq( Jbsknsq cd~lmu n}usb bhf kb` jnne ud q~ww`nknhu esd~lmu+fhe~ane

sne~aufdhq fh wbqu~sn vfn`e -Ambs`udh nu b`(, 3727&(

2

Bsbc`njbsk`bhebuM~aifhlnqubunfhInhu?\UW@$Bhesn|C~u`ns

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu

22

2(1 A`fkbun ambhln wsnefaufdhq bhe ^I blsfa~`u~snJbskfhl |f`` jban b amb``nhlfhl j~u~sn( \buns qmdsublnq bsn wsnefaune ud lnu kdsn ba~un, n}banscbune

cv nlfq`bufzn snqusfaufdhq -n(l( umn 3771 \buns Bau fh umn ^I& -Kdssfqdh nu b`(, 377=&( IAW76 a`fkbun

ambhln qanhbsfdq wsnefau umbu unkwnsbu~snq |f`` fhasnbqn fh umn I, wbsufa~`bs`v fh q~kkns( Fh q~kkns

qd~umnsh Nhl`bhe fq wsnefaune ud mbzn bh bznsbln fhasnbqn fh unkwnsbu~sn dj 5A, |mf`qu umn Qaduufqm

fq`bheq |f`` |bsk cv bh bznsbln dj 3(>A( Umn jbs qd~um dj Nhl`bhe fq n}wnaune ud n}wnsfnhan q~kkns

esd~lmuq, bq umnsn |f`` cn b 57 wns anhu sne~aufdh fh sbfhjb`` bhe b enasnbqn fh m~kfefuv dj bcd~u

6 wns anhu( Fh |fhuns umn |nqunsh qfen dj umn I fq wsnefaune ud lnu 11 wns anhu kdsn sbfh

-K~swmv nu b`(, 3776&( Hd wsdonaufdhq |nsn kben jds qhd| jb``( Umnsn fq wsdonaune ud cn znsv fuu`n

ambhln fh |fhe qwnne -ENJSB, 3727b&(

Umn njjnauq dj a`fkbun ambhln ad~`e cn kdsn kbsine umbh umn bznsblnq q~llnqu( Efjjnsnhu bhe ~qn,

udwdlsbwmv bhe qdf`q |f`` lnhnsbun zbsfbcf`fuv fh |buns r~b`f uv bhe r~bhufuv -\nbumnsmnbe bhe Md|enh,

3776&( Fssflbufdh fq fin`v ud cnadkn kdsn fkwdsubhu, |fum n}fqufhl fssflbune asdwq snr~fsfhl kdsn |buns(

Sbfh+jne asdwq q~am bq |mnbu bsn fin`v ud cn ~hens fhasnbqfhl nzn`q dj |buns qusnqq |fum nqq bzbf`bc`n

qdf` |buns( Ud kbfhubfh a~ssnhu fznqudai qudaifhl `nzn`q, lsbqq kbv mbzn ud cn fssflbune( Asdw wsde~aufdhad~`e kdzn hdsum, |mnsn |buns |f`` cn kdsn bzbf`bc`n( Umn wsfan dj |buns jds bl sfa~`u~sb` wsde~aufdh

fq wsnefaune ud fhasnbqn ~hens a`fkbun ambhln wsnefaufdhq( Jbsknsq |f`` cn ~hens fhasnbqfhl wsnqq~sn ud

kbfhubfh a~ssnhu wsde~aufdh nzn`q -Ambs`udh nu b`(, 37279 Ihd} nu b`(, 3727&(

2(5 Jdde Qna~sfuvUmnsn |f`` cn nqq bzbf`bc`n |buns ~hens a`fkbun ambhln qanhbsfdq( Umfq mbq umn wdunhufb` ud fhasnbqn umn

`nzn`bhezd`buf`fuvdjjddewsfanq(Umfqfqqflhfabhu,bqumn^Ifqbhfkwdsunsdjzfsu~b`|buns,sn`vfhl

mnbzf`v dh fkwdsuq dj blsfa~`u~sb` wsde~auq( N}usnkn |nbumns nznhuq kbv asnbun efqs~wufdhq fh jdde

wsde~aufdh bhe efqusfc~ufdh( Blsfa~`u~sb` wsde~aufdh hnneq ud cn kbfhubfhne bu a~ssnhu nzn`q ud nhq~sn

^Ijddeqna~sfuv(Udnhq~snumfq|bunshnnequdcn~qnekdsnnjafnhu`vcvasdwq-Umdkwqdhnu b`(,

377

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

7/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Asdw |buns ~qn

21

Asdw |buns ~qn

1(2 Fhusde~aufdh^I blsfa~`u~sn fq jbafhl |buns qmdsublnq( Cv ubslnufhl umn knambhfqk cv |mfam |buns fq dqu jsdk

asdwq, |buns qbzfhlq abh cn kben( Umfq qnaufdh dj umn snwdsu adznsq umn j~hebknhub`q dj asdw |buns

`dqq umsd~lm umn wsdanqq dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh( Umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh fq esfznh cv a`f kbufa

adhefufdhq, znlnubufdh bhe qdf` uvwn( Cv jbzd~sbc`v kdefjvfhl umnqn a`fkbufa adhefufdhq, asdw |buns

qbzfhlq abh cn kben

1(3 NzbwdusbhqwfsbufdhNzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh fq umn wsdanqq cv |mfam |buns fq dqu jsdk umn blsfa~`u~sb` nhzfsdhknhu( Fu fq b

adkcfhbufdh dj cdum nzbwdsbufdh jsdk umn qdf` q~sjban -nzbwdsbufdh& bhe asdw usbhqwfsbufdh(

Asdw usbhqwfsbufdh fq umn wsdanqq cv |mfam |buns fq dqu bq zbwd~s jsdk w`bhu ufqq~nq umsd~lm qkb``dwnhfhlq dh umn w`bhu `nbj ab``ne qudkbub( Qudkbub adhusd` umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh cv kdefjvfhl

umnfs bwnsu~sn qfn -B``nh nu b`(, 266=&( \buns jds usbhqwfsbufdh fq q~ww`fne jsdk qdf` |buns( \buns fq ubinh

~w umsd~lm umn sdduq, usbhqwdsune umsd~lm umn w`bhu bhe dqu bu umn nbj q~sjban cv usbhqwfsbufdh( Umnqn

`dqqnq bsn adhqfensbc`n, |fum dzns 67 wns anhu dj |buns ubinh ~w cv w`b huq dqu umsd~lm usbhqwfsbufdh

-Kdsssfqdh nu b`(, 377=&( Umn u|d wsdanqqnq fhzd`zne fh nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh daa~s bu umn qbkn ufkn(

Cnjdsn b asdw asnbunq b j~`` abhdwv k~am dj umn |buns dqq adknq jsdk nzbwdsbufdh jsdk umn qdf`(

Bq umn w`bhu abhdwv fhasnbqnq umnh umn dqq jsdk usbhqwfsbufdh cnadknq edkfhbhu -B``nh nu b`(, 266=&(

1(1 Jbaudsq bjjnaufhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdhUmn |nbumns wbsbknunsq umbu bjjnau umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh bsn qd`bs sbefbufdh, unkwnsbu~sn,

|fhe qwnne bhe m~kfefuv( Qdf` uvwn, dslbhfa kbuuns adhunhu, qdf` |buns adhunhu bhe qdf` qus~au~sn w`~q

a~`ufzbufdh uvwn bhe enwum b`` adhusfc~un ud umn bkd~hu dj |buns bzbf`bc`n jds w`bhu sddu ~wubin bhe

um~q bjjnau umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh( Nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq b`qd zbsv |fum znlnubufdh uvwn,

enhqfuv,enzn`dwknhub`qubln,`nbjq~sjbansd~lmhnqqbhesnnaufznabwbafuv,sddufhlenwum,enhqfuvbhe

sddu bsamfunau~sn(

1(1(2 A`fkbufa adhefufdhqUmn a`fkbufa jbaudsq fhzd`zne |fum nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh bsn umdqn |mfam wsdzfen nhnslv jds umn

zbwdsfqbufdh dj |buns bhe umdqn umbu snkdzn |buns zbwd~s(

Zbwd~s lnhnsbufdh -Qd`bs sbefbufdh bhe bfs unkwnsbu~sn&

Umn nhnslv ud zbwdsfqn umn |buns jsdk umn w`bhu bhe qdf` q~sjban fq wsdzfene cv qd`bs sbefbufdh(

Umn bkd~hu dj nhnslv bzbf`bc`n fh sbefbufdh enwnheq dh bufu~en, qnbqdh bhe |nbumns( Qd`bs sbefbufdh

`nzn`q bu umn w`bhu bhe qdf` q~sjban |f`` cn d|ns dh a`d~ev ebvq( Bq umn asdw lsd|q fu qmbenq umn qdf`

snq~`ufhl fh nqq sbefbufdh snbamfhl umn lsd~he( Umnsnjdsn, bq umn w`bhu lsd|q qdf` nzbwdsbufdh enasnbqnq

bhe asdw usbhqwfsbufdh fhasnbqnq( Umn bfs unkwnsbu~sn q~ssd~hefhl umn asdw esfznq nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh

ud b nqqns n}unhu( Bq |nbumns cnadknq |bskns bhe nqq dznsabqu nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh bhe asdw |buns

snr~fsnknhuq fhasnbqn -B``nh nu b`(, 266=&(

1

Wdubudfssflbufdh?WnunsEnbh$Blsfwfau~snFkblnq

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Asdw |buns ~qn

2>

jds umn mnbzfns abhdwfnq dj dbi ds cnnam( Usnnq lsd|fhl dh amb`i cbqne qdf q kbv cn bc`n ud kbfhubfh |buns

~wubin e~sfhl wnsfdeq dj esd~lmu, cv abwf `bsv sfqn dj dumns|fqn ~hbzbf bc`n |buns -Hfqcnu, 377>&(

Nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq dj bsbc`n asdwq bsn mflmns umbh umdqn dj kdqu usnnq, md|nzns vnbs`v bznsbln

sbunq bsn d|ns e~n ud umn qmdsu ava`n dj asdwq -Hfqcnu, 377>&( Umn bhh~b` nzbwdsbufdh dqqnq jds

bsbc`nasdwqbsn1&( Asdw uvwn, zbsfnuv bhe

enzn`dwknhu qubln bsnb b`` jbaudsq |mfam |f`` bjjnau nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq( Efjjnsnhanq bsn b snq~`u dj

zbsfbufdhq fh asdw mnflmu, sddu enwum bhe nbj bhbudkv( Zbsfbufdhq fh sbunq dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh dj b asdw

buumnqbknenzn`dwknhub`qubln|fumfhbn`ebsn`d|-B``nhnu b`(, 266=9 C`vum nu b`(, 377:&(

1(1(5 Knbq~sfhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdhNzbwdusbhqwfsbufdhabhcnknbq~snefhumnn`e|fum`vqfknunsq,dsab`a~`bune~qfhlumnWnhkbh+

Kdhunfumnr~bufdh~qfhl|nbumnsebub(B`vqfknunsfqbhfqd`buneubhi``ne|fumkdfquqdf`fh|mfam

b asdw fq lsd|h( Umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh fq knbq~sne cv umn ambhln fh kbqq dj umn vqfknuns(

Umn znlnubufdh fhqfen bhe d~uqfen umn vqfknuns qmd~`e cn fenhufab` -mnflmu bhe `nbj bsnb&( Umn Wnhkbh+Kdhunfumnr~bufdhfqcbqnedhb|fensbhlndja`fkbufabhe`dabufdhebubbheabhumnhcnkdefne|fum

asdw+qwnafaenubf`q(Ebf`vknbhunkwnsbu~sn,|fheqwnne,sn`bufznm~kfefuvbheqd`bssbefbufdhbsnb``

wbsbknunsq ~qne fh umn ab`a~`bufdh( Umnsnjdsn, fj |fhe qwnne b`dhn fq sne~ane umn Wnhkbh+Kdhunfum |f``

ab`a~`bun b d|ns sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh -B``nh nu b`(, 266=9 A`n~lm, 266=&( Md|nzns, umn sne~aufdh dj

|fhe qwnne kbv b`qd bjjnau umn unkwnsbu~sn bhe sn`bufzn m~kfefuv bsd~he umn asdw abhdwv bhe um~q umn

njjnau dj |fhe qwnne abhhdu cn adhqfensne fh f qd`bufdh(

1(5 Knambhfqkq ud sne~an asdw |buns `dqqBq efqa~qqne fh umn fhusde~audsv qnaufdh, bsln bsnbq dj qd~umnsh Nhl`bhe bsn n}wnaune ud cnadkn

mduuns bhe esfns( Ihd} nu b`( -3727& ~qne I a`fkbun ambhln ebub lnhnsbune jds 37>7 -^I A`fkbun

FkwbauqWsdlsbkkn&udkden`sbfhjb``,nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdhbheqdf`kdfqu~snenafu~hensa`fkbun

ambhln qanhbsfdq( Ihd} nu b`( -3727& ab`a~`bune umbu cv 37>7 umnsn |d~`e cn b 37+17 wns anhu fhasnbqn

fh bsfefuv fh q~kkns -Bwsf` ud Qnwunkcns& bqq~kfhl a~ssnhu q~kkns nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq dj

1kk$ebv( Umfq mbq qnsfd~q fkw`fabufdhq jds I b lsfa~`u~sn bq fu |f`` hnne ud fkwsdzn fuq asdw |buns

~qnnjafnhavudkbfhubfha~ssnhuwsde~aufdh`nzn`q(Fkwsdznknhuqfhasdwesd~lmusnqfqubhanbhe

blsfa~`u~sb`wsbaufan|f``fhasnbqnasdw|buns~qnnjafnhafnq(

1(5(2 Umn asdwAdhznhufdhb`csnnefhlwsdlsbkknqabhcn~qneudqn`nau|buns+njafnhuasdwqumbubsnesd~lmusnqfqubhu(

A~`ufzbsq umbu lfzn mf lmns vfn`eq ~hens adhefufdhq dj |buns qusnqq qmd~`e cn qn`naune( Bhufusbhqwfsbhuq qwsbvne

dhud |mnbu `nbznq ud adzns qudkbub bu umn esd~lmu qnhqfufzn qubln kbv wsde~an |buns qbzfhlq -Inuu`n|n` ,

3727&( Usfb`q ad~`e cn nqubc fqmne fh qd~umnsh Nhl`bhe ud fhznquflbun umn zfbcf fuv dj lsd|fhl Knefunssbhnbh

asdwq kdsn q~fune ud mduuns a fkbunq, q~am bq d fznq bhe bwsfaduq -Umdkwqdh nu b`(, 377&

Md| |buns fq snkdzne jsdk qdf`

\buns qudsne fh umn qdf` fq ~qne cv w`bhu sdduq( Hnbs ud umn q~sjban fu fq b`qd nzbwdsbune jsdk umn

udwqdf`( Udd k~am qdf` |buns abh snq~`u fh |buns`dllfhl |mfam ebkblnq sdduq bhe fhmfcfuq w`bhu

snqwfsbufdh( Bq qdf` esfnq |buns cnadknq kdsn qusdhl`v cd~he ud umn qdf` kbusf} bhe cnadknq nqq

nbqf`v bzbf`bc`n ud umn asdw( Nzbwdsbufdh sbunq umnh ena`fhn bq umnsn fq hdu nhd~lm |buns ud q~ww`v

umnnzbwdsbufznwsdanqq(\mnhadhunhuqdjbzbf`bc`n|bunsjb``cn`d|basdw+qwnafaasfufab`zb`~n

umn asdw cnadknq |buns+qusnqqne bhe umn bai dj |buns snq~`uq fh b sne~aufdh fh usbhqwfsbufdh bheum~q wsde~aufzfuv( Umn udub` |buns adhunhu fh umn qdf` fq umn efjjnsnhan cnu|nnh wnskbhnhu |f`ufhl

wdfhu-wdfhu|mnsnumnw`bhu|f`ufhlfqfssnadznsbc`n&bheumnn`eabwbafuvdjumbuqdf`(Umnunskqdf`

kdfqu~snenafu,QKE,fq~qneudr~bhufjvumnbkd~hudj|bunshnneneudsbfqnumnqdf`|bunsadhunhu

cbaiudn`eabwbafuv(Umnsnjdsnumnqdf`kdfqu~snenafuabhn}nsubadhusd``fhlnjjnaudhumnsbundj

nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh -B``nh nu b`(, 266=&(

1(1(1 Znlnubufdh uvwnE~sfhl sbfhjb` |buns fq `dqu umsd~lm nzbwdsbufdh jsdk umn csbhamnq bhe `nbznq dj usnnq e~n ud umnfs mnflmu

bhesd~lmbnsdevhbkfawsd`n,bwsdanqqab` nefhunsanwufdh(Fhunsanwufdhsbunqzbsvbkdhlquenafe~d~q

usnnq( Bqm bhe cfsam dqn bcd~u 22 wns anhu dj |buns umsd~lm fhunsanwufdh bq adkwbsne ud bcd~u 2> wns anhu

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Umn cnhnuq dj hbufzn usnnq qwnafnq jds qmn`uns dh umn |buns

snlfkn dj wbqu~sn bhe bsbc`n asdwqQmn`unscn`uq

2M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u(

B bslns bsnb dj sne~ane |fhe qwnne fq asnbune dh umn nn|bse qfn |mfam abh sbhln jsdk 27 ud 17M(

Umnqnefqubhanqbsnkdefnecvumnwdsdqfuvbhemnflmudjumnqmn`unscn`u(Dumnsjbaudsqq~ambq`nhlum,

|feum, dsfnhubufdh bhe q~ssd~hefhl bheqabwn |f`` b`` njjnau umn qfn dj umn bsnb wsdunaune -Csbhe`n nu b`(,

37759 Lbsefhns, 37759 Lbsefhns nu b`(, 377:&(

5(1(3 WdsdqfuvWdsdqfuvfqmd|nbqf`v|fheabhd|umsd~lmumnqmn`unscn`u(Fufh~nhanqumn`nzn`djwsdunaufdh

wsdzfene ud umn nn|bse qfen dj umn qmn`unscn`u( Fh lnhnsb`, umn nqq wdsd~q umn qmn`unscn`u umn kdsn

fhunhqn c~u qmdsuns umn wsdunaufdh( Wdsdqfuv fq bjjnaune cv usnn enhqfuv, qwnafnq bhe umn ufkn dj vnbs(

Fj umn qmn`uns fq udd enhqn fu abh fhasnbqn u~sc~`nhan fh umn abzfuv dhn, snq~`ufhl fh fhasnbqne |fhe

qwnne -Lbsefhns, 37759 Lbsefhns nu b`(, 377:&(

Dwufab` wdsdqfuv mbq usbefufdhb``v cnnh ~qne ud lfzn bh nqufkbun dj umn wdsdqfuv dj qmn`unscn`uq

-A`n~lm, 266=&( Kdsn snanhu`v bnsdevhbkfa wdsdqfuv mbq cnnh ~qne ud knbq~sn wdsdqfuv bq umn

qmn`unscn`u abh cn adhqfensne bq b umsnn+efknhqfdhb` qus~au~sn( Hn`knq nu b`( -3772& knbq~sne |fhe

qwnne ~w|fhe bhe ed|h|fhe dj efjjnsnhu uvwnq dj qmn`uns( Umnv wsde~ane b ab`a~`bufdh umbu ad~`e bqqnqq

umn njjnaufznhnqq dj efjjnsnhu qmn`unsq lfzfhl bh fhefabufdh dj b nsdevhbkfa wdsdqfuv( Csbhe`n nu b`( -3775&

adha`~ene umbu b`umd~lm dwufab` wdsdqfuv abh dznsnqufkbun bnsdevhbkfa wdsdqfuv, dwufab` wdsdqfuv |bq

quf`` b zb`f e fhefabuds dj qmn`uns wnsjdskbhan( Wdsdqfuv fq b inv knbq~snknhu jds kden``fhl wsdlsbkknq,

c~uabhcnwbsufa~`bs`vefja~`uudbqqnqqjds|fensd|qdjenafe~d~qusnnq-Zflfbinu b`(, 3771&(

Enafe~d~q usnnq |f`` innw :7 wns anhu dj umnfs qmn`unsfhl njjnau fh |fhuns |mfam fq nhd~lm ud wsdzfen

benr~bun qmn`uns -Wb`kns nu b`(, 266k fh mnflmu -BBJA, hdu ebunec&(

5(1(5 \feum\feum fq fkwdsubhu cnab~qn fu bjjnauq wdsdqfuv( Wdsdqfuv abh cn enasnbqne cv beefhl bhdumns sd| dj

usnnq ud umn qmn`unscn`u( Fh |fhev `dabufdhq umn beefufdh dj bhdumns sd| dj usnnq ud b qmn`unscn`u abh

nhq~sn umbu umn qmn`unscn`u mbq umn enqfsne mnflmu bq umn kdqu |fhe|bse sd| dj usnnq fq djunh qu~hune(

Md|nzns, |fens lsd~wq dj usnnq unhe hdu ud wsdzfen `bsln bsnbq dj qmn`uns bhe ubin ~w kdsn qwban(

A`nbs dconaufznq hnne ud cn qnu jds umn qmn`unscn`u , |mfam |f ` umnh esfzn qmn`unscn`u enqflh, jds n}bkw`n

|mnumns umn |dde |f ` cn ~qne jds ufkcns ds j~n` -Lbsefhns, 37759 Lbsefhns nu b`(, 377:9 RKQ, 3722b&(

5(1(> @nhlumUdsne~anumnnjjnauqdj|fhed|bsd~heumnnheqdjumnqmn`unscn`u,fufqsnadkknheneumbuumn

`nhlum dj umn qmn`unscn`u qmd~`e cn bu nbqu unh ufknq umn mnflmu( Umfq snq~`uq fh bq bsnb dj adzns umn

qmbwn dj b usfbhl`n |fum umn nelnq dj umn adznsne bsnb snu~shfhl ud umn dab` |fhe qwnne r~fains umbu

umn anhusn -Jfl~sn 3& -Lbsefhns, 37759 Lbsefhns nu b`(, 377:&(

Bh dwnhfhl fh umn qmn`unscn`u abh snq~`u fh fhasnbqne |fhe qwnneq |mfam mbq umn qbkn njjnau bq umn

neln dj b qmn`unscn`u( Fj bh dwnhfhl fq hnnene jds baanqq umnh fu qmd~`e cn bhl`ne fhud umn qmn`unscn`u

-Lbsefhns, 37759 Lbsefhns nu b`(, 377:&(

5(1(: DsfnhubufdhDsfnhubufdh dj umn qmn`unscn`u fq fkwdsubhu bq fu bjjnauq umn bsnb adznsne( Umn lsnbunqu adzns fq |mnh umn

|fhe mfuq umn qmn`unscn`u bu sflmu bhl`nq, c~u fq sne~ane |mnh umfq bhl`n fq enasnbqne( Fj umn |fhe ednq

hdu mfu bu sflmu bhl`nq umnh umn wdsdqfuv dj umn qmn`unscn`u enasnbqnq bhe umn bsnb dj adzns fq enasnbqne(

Umfq njjnau fq kdsn wsdhd~hane |fum |fens qmn`uns cn`uq -Lbsefhns, 37759 Lbsefhns nu b`(, 377:&(

Jfl~sn 2

\fhe qwnne bhe u~sc~`nhan fh qmn`unscn`u dhnq( Qd~san? bjuns Lbsefhns nu b`( 377:(

Jfl~sn 3

Bsnb dj qmn`uns cnmfhe b qmn`unscn`u( Qd~san? bjuns Lbsefhns nu b`( 377:(

\fhe

efsnaufdh

Mneln

Bsnb qmn`unsne

17M

Jfn`e

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Kfasda`fkbun bhe usnn asdw fhunsbaufdhq

32

5(1(< Bfs u~sc~`nhan bhe q~ssd~hefhl bsnb\nbumns, udwdlsbwmv bhe umn q~ssd~hefhl znlnubufdh b` bjjnau bfs u~sc~`nhan( Ud kbhbln l~quq bsd~he

mf `q, qmn`unscn`uq kbv cn hnnene dh kdsn umbh dhn qfen( \fhe u~hhn`q abh cn jdskne cnu|nnh fhnq dj

usnnq ds zb` nvq( Um~q, umn `dab` bsnb qmd~`e cn adhqfensne |mnh enqflhfhl qmn`unscn`uq -Hn`knq nu b`(, 37729

SMQ, hdu ebune&(

Qmn`unscn`u hnu|dsiq fkwbau bfs u~sc~`nhan( Qmn`unscn`u qvqunkq abh q`d| ed|h umn bznsbln |fhe qwnne dj

b |md`n snlfdh( Fhasnbqne sd~lmhnqq dj znlnubufdh abh asnbun u~sc~`nhan, jds n}bkw`n b q~lbs cnnu asdw fq

hdu bq sd~lm bq lsbqq bhe um~q asnbunq `nqq bfs u~sc~`nhan -Zflfbinu b`(, 37719 U~nu bhe \f qdh, 377(3 Kfasda`fkbun bhe qdf` kdfqu~sn

>(3(2 \fhe qwnne bhe m~kfefuvFh umn |bin dhn dj b qmn`unscn`u umn kdznknhu dj bfs f q q`d|ne bcdzn umn asdw abhdwv( Umfq sne~anq

umn sbun dj |buns zbwd~s snkdzb` jsdk umn asdw q~sjban, snq~`ufhl fh umn c~f`e+~w dj b kdfqu~sn bvns

bsd~he umn asdw( Umn bfs cnadknq kdsn m~kfe bhe umn sb un dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh ena`fhnq( Qmn`unscn`uq

b`qd q`d| umn usbhqjns dj mnbu -mnbu beznaufdh& ud umn asdw( Qmn`unscn`uq sne~an umn bkd~hu dj mdu bfs

kdzfhl dzns umn usbhqwfsfhl asdw q~sjban bhe um~q umn sbun dj nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh( Sne~aufdhq fh |fhe

qwnne abh daa~s ~w ud 17M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u -Idsu, 26==, Lbsefhns, 3775(&

>(3(3 Unkwnsbu~snFh umn |bin dhn dj umn qmn`unscn`u ebf`v bfs unkwnsbu~snq abh fhasnbqn cv bq k~am bq 5A e~n ud

sne~aufdhq fh |fhe qwnne, |mfam snq~`uq fh mflmns `nbj q~sjban unkwnsbu~snq( Umfq fhasnbqnq usbhqwfsbufdh,

wmdudqvhumnqfq bhe snqwfsbufdh( Bu hflmu, unkwnsbu~snq abh cn sne~ane cv ~w ud 2A e~n ud bfs hdu

kf}fhl snq~`ufhl fh sne~ane snqwfsbufdh bhe fhasnbqfhl lsd|um dznsb`` -Idsu, 26==9 Csbhe`n nu b`(, 3775&(

^qfhl|fheu~hhn`q,A`n~lmbheM~lmq-3773&adhskneumbu|fheqwnnesne~aufdhqdaa~ssne~wud17M

ed|h|fhe dj b qmn unscn u, |mnsnbq umn unkwnsbu~sn njjnau |bq ~w ud 27M( Umnv jd~he umbu bu 37M |fhe qwnne

ad~`e cn =7 wns anhu dj umn ~w|fhe zb`~n( Jfl~sn 1 q~kkbsfqnq umn kbfh a fkbufa njjnauq dh nbam qmn`uns dhn(

>(3(1 Qdf` |buns bhe fssflbufdh

Sne~aufdhq fh |fhe qwnne sne~anqdf` kdfqu~sn nzbwdsbufdh sbunq

bhe abh fkwsdzn umn efqusfc~ufdh

dj fssflbufdh |buns( Md|nzns,

fhasnbqne qdf` kdfqu~sn abh esfzn

nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh, bq umnsn fq

kdsn |buns bzbf`bc`n ud umn w`bhu

ud usbhqwfsn -Ebzfq bhe Hdskbh

26==9 Efaiv, 26==&(

>

Jfl~sn 1

Qmn`unscn`u dhnq bhe kfasda`fkbun? qd~san bjuns Lbsefhns nu b`( -377:&(

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Kfasda`fkbun bhe usnn asdw fhunsbaufdhq

31

>(3(5\buns~qnnjafnhavQmn`unscn`uq abh sne~an nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq cv fhasnbqfhl m~kfefuv nzn`q bhe enasnbqfhl mnbu

beznaufdh( Nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq fh umn nn dj b qmn`unscn`u abh fhasnbqn bq ebvufkn bfs unkwnsbu~snq

bsn mflmns( Umn dznsb`` hnu njjnau dh nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh fq enunskfhne cv q~am jbaudsq bq flmu,

unkwnsbu~sn bhe kdfqu~sn qusnqq baufhl dh qudkbub` bwnsu~sn qfn( Qudkbub fh qmn`unsne w`bhuq kbv

qubv kdsn dwnh, |mfam b``d|q kdsn abscdh efd}fen n}ambhln, snq~`ufhl fh fhasnbqne wmdudqvhumnqfq

bhe lsd|um sbunq( Um~q, |mnh adkwbsfhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq hnu lbfhq fh cfdkbqq qmd~`e cn

adhqfensne(Umnadkwbsfqdhdjumnsbufdqabhlfznbhfhefabufdhdjasdw|buns~qnnjafnhav

-H~cnsl, 266=9 Ebzfq bhe Hdskbh, 26==&(

>(1 W`bhu qus~au~sn

>(1(2 W`bhu lsd|um

Fhasnbqnq fh wmdudqvhumnufa sbun |f`` daa~s ~w ud bcd~u 17A( Umfq snq~`uq fh dhlns lsd|fhl qnbqdh bheb lsnbuns lsd|um sbun( W`bhuq lsd|fhl |fumfh qmn`uns bsn djunh kdsn ~}~sfbhu bhe abh mbzn b bslns nbj

bsnb fhen} umbh umdqn f h n}wdqne bsnbq( Md|nzns, umfq lsnbuns nbj bsnb f hen} abh fhasnbqn usbhqwfsbufdh

`dqqnq( J~sumnskdsn, fhasnbqne unkwnsbu~snq fh qmn`unsne bsnbq abh sne~an umn nhlum dj enzn`dwknhub`

qublnq, um~q sne~afhl ufkn jds wmdudqvhumnqfq( Fhasnbqne lsd|um kbv hdu nr~bun ud `bslns lsbfh vfn`eq(

Asdwq lsd|h jds cfdkbqq kbv vfn`e lsnbuns snu~shq umbh umdqn mbsznqune jds lsbfh(

-B``nh nu b`(, 26==9 Idsu, 26==9 A`n~lm, 266=&( A`n~lm -266=& adha`~ene umbu b |n` +|bunsne asdw

wsdunaune cv qmn`uns |d~`e ~qn umn qbkn bkd~hu dj |buns bq b hdh+qmn`unsne asdw, c~u |d~`e mbzn

fhasnbqnewmdudqvhumnqfqsbunqbhefhasnbqne|buns~qnnjafnhav(

>(1(3 Knambhfab`W`bhuq lsd|fhl fh qmn`unsne bsnbq n}wnsfnhan nqq |fhe ebkbln( Fj w`bhuq mbzn |fhe ebkbln umnv abh

`dqn |buns jsdk umn ebkblne ufqq~nq -Lsban, 26==&( A`n~lm bhe M~lmnq -3773& jd~he ~qfhl |fhe

u~hhn`qumbuumncnhnuqdjqmn`unsn}unhene17Mjsdkumnqmn`unscn`u,|mnsnbqumdqnjdsunkwnsbu~sn

n}unheneudbcd~u27M(Jsdkumfqumnvadha`~eneumbuumncnhnuqdjsne~aneknambhfab`ebkbln

|d~`en}unhe`dhlnsumbhumdqndjfkwsdznekfasda`fkbun(Umdqncnhnuqabhqubsujsdkumnfhfufb`

qd|fhl dj umn asdw( Qnneq umbu bsn w`bhune bu qmb``d| enwum bsn nqq fin`v ud cn c`d|h d~u dj umn qdf`(

B qmn`unscn`u abh wsdunau qnne`fhlq jsdk qbhe c`bqufhl cv qdf` wbsufa`nq bq umn asdw lsd|q w`bhuq |f`` cn

`nqq fin`v ud cn ihdaine blbfhqu nbam( \fhe abh b`qd fhasnbqn delfhl bhe um~q asdw ebkbln(

Mdsufa~`u~sb` wsde~auq snqwdhe wbsufa~`bs`v |n`` ud qmn`uns bq js~fuq |f`` cn wsde~ane nbs`fns bhe bsn

`nqq wsdhn ud ebkbln -H~cnsl, 266=9 A`n~lm, 266=9 Cb`e|fh, 26==&(

>(5 Usnn asdw nhzfsdhknhu@fzfhl qmn`unsq b`qd mbzn bh fkwbau dh umn asdw nhzfsdhknhu( Usnn sddu lsd|um abh fkwsdzn qdf`

qus~au~snbfefhl|bunsfh`usbufdhbhesne~afhl|bunss~h+djj(Usnnusbhqwfsbufdhabhasnbunbkdfqu~sn

c`bhinu dzns asdwq sne~afhl asdw usbhqwfsbufdh( Md|nzns, usnnq abh adkwnun |fum asdwq jds |buns bhe

sne~an wmdudqvhumnufa sbunq cv qmbefhl asdwq(

>(5(2 Usnn asdw fhunsbaufdhqQwnafnq adkwnun fj umnv bsn fh umn qbkn nhzfsdhknhu bhe mbzn umn qbkn snr~fsnknhuq jds snqd~sanq(

Usnnq kdefjv umn bkd~hu dj flmu, |buns bhe h~usfnhuq bzbf`bc`n jds asdw lsd|um( Umfq dhn dj fhunsbaufdh

abh n}unhe ~w ud b efqubhan dj bcd~u 2M ud 3M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u -H~cnsl, 266=&( Wbhuq abh adn}fqu

fj umn cfdkbqq lbfhq bsn lsnbuns umbh fj umnv bsn lsd|h qnwbsbun`v -Odqn nu b`(, 37759 Idsu, 26==&(

Adkwnufufdh jds |buns

Umn mflmnqu enhqfuv dj usnn bhe asdw sdduq daa~sq fh umn udw 17 ak dj qdf` -Odqn nu b`(,3775&( @bai dj

ennw w`d~lmfhl cnjdsn usnn w`bhufhl, adkwbau qdf`q bhe d| qdf` |buns kdfqu~sn |f`` b`` nhad~sbln

adkwnufufdh cnu|nnh asdwq bhe usnn sdduq( Adkwnufufdh jds |buns b he h~usfnhuq |f`` cn sne~ane fj

umnsn fq qwbufb` qnwbsbufdh dj usnn bhe asdw sdduq -Odqn nu b`(, 3775&(

Qmbefhl njjnau dj usnnq

Qmbefhl sne~anq umn bkd~hu dj qd`bs sbefbufdh umn ~hensqudsnv asdw snanfznq, |mfam abh q`d| ed|h

umn sbun dj wmdudqvhumnqfq bhe usbhqwfsbufdh -Cnhbzfenq, 37769 Odqn nu b`(, 3775&( Umn dsfnhubufdh bhe

asd|henhqfuvdjumnqmn`unscn`u|f``fh~nhanumnenlsnndjqmbefhl(Qmn`unsqs~hhfhlhdsum+qd~um

kfhfkfqn umn njjnau dj qmbefhl -Hbu~sb` Nhl`bhe, 377=&( Vd~hl bqm bhe qvabkdsn ed hdu mnbzf`v qmben

asdwq, bq umnv lsd| fhfufb``v ~w|bseq bhe dh`v enzn`dw umnfs csbhamnq mdsfdhub``v bq umnv kbu~sn

-Mnfh bhe Qwfnains, 377=&( Enafe~d~q usnnq ed hdu mbzn b enusfknhub` njjnau dh wbqu~sn wsde~aufdh

~huf`umnsnfq=>wnsanhuabhdwvadznsbqadkwbsneud:(5(3\bunsfh`usbufdhUsnnsddun}w`dsbufdhbhefhasnbqne`fuunsfhw~uqabhfkwsdznqdf`dslbhfakbuunsbheum~qfh`usbufdh

sbunq bhe |buns md`efhl abwbafuv( Bhfkb`q adhlsnlbufhl cv b qmn`unscn`u abh fhasnbqn qdf` adkwbaufdh

bhesne~anqdf`fh`usbufdhsbunq(Usnnqabhwsnznhu|bunssnbamfhlumnasdwumsd~lmabhdwv

fhunsanwufdh9 umn bkd~hu dj sbf h fhunsanwune fq enwnhenhu dh usnn enhqfuv bhe asd|h qfn( hens mnbzv

sbfhjb`` adhefufdhq umfq abh wsnznhu umn fkwbau dj sbfhesdwq dh umn lsd~he ebkblfhl qdf` qus~au~sn(

Qmn`unscn`uq abh asnbun sbfhqmbed|q |mfam abh n}unhe 2M dh umn nn qfen dj umn qmn`unscn`u -Cfse, 266=9

Sfmb bhe KaFhuvsn, 26669 Odqn nu b`(, 37759 Ambhe`ns bhe Ambwwn``, 377=&(

>(5(1 Mvesb~`fa `fjuE~n ud umnfs ennw sdduq, usnnq abh fhunsanwu |buns ~hbzbf`bc`n ud qmb``d|ns sddufhl asdwq umsd~lm

mvesb~`fa fju( Umfq fq umn kdznknhu dj |buns jsdk kdsn kdfqu qdf` bvnsq ud esfns qdf` bvnsq zfb w`bhu

sdduq( \buns fjune cv w`bhu sdduq fq sn`nbqne bu hflmu |mnh usbhqwfsbufdh anbqnq, umfq |buns cnadknq

bzbf`bc`ne~sfhlumnebvjdsusbhqwfsbufdh(Bhn}wnsfknhudznsznebvqqmd|neumbubkbu~sn37k

ub`` kbw`n usnn abh fju bcd~u 273` dj |buns b hflmu -umn snzfn| efe hdu qubun fh |mfam qnbqdh umn

n}wnsfknhu |bq adhe~aune&( Umn |buns beene ud umn ~wwns qdf` bvnsq baad~hune jds 3> wns anhu dj umn

usbhqwfsbufdh dqqnq -Ab`e|n`` nu b`(, 266=&( Fj usnn sdduq baanqq |buns cn`d| umn asdw sddufhl dhn, umnh

usnn asdw |buns adkwnufufdh |f`` cn sne~ane -@fqu bhe \mfun, 377=&( \mnumns umn |buns fjune cv usnnq

cnadknq bzbf`bc`n ud umn asdw fq hdu ihd|h -Odqn nu b`(, 3775&(

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Kfasda`fkbun bhe usnn asdw fhunsbaufdhq

3>

>(5(5 Usnn usbhqwfsbufdhBqumn|fhewbqqnqumsd~lmqmn`unscn`uq,umn|bunszbwd~slnhnsbunecvusnnusbhqwfsbufdhm~kfefnqumn

bfs( Kdfqu~sn c`bhinuq abh enzn`dw dzns umn asdw abhdwv, snq~`ufhl fh sne~ane sbunq dj asdw usbhqwfsbufdh(

>(5(> B``n`dwbumv, h~usfnhu ava`fhl, fhqnauq bhe wbumdlnhqUsnnq bhe asdwq |f`` adkwnun jds h~usfnhuq( E~n ud umnfs ennwns sdduq, usnnq abh baanqq h~usfnhuq bu

lsnbuns enwumq bhe kbv sne~an h~usfnhu nbamfhl( Usnn fuuns dh umn lsd~he abh c~jjns blbfhqu qdf` |buns

`dqqnq( Usnn sdduq abh n}~en ud}fhq umbu sne~an w`bhu lsd|um9 umfq wsdanqq fq unskne b` n`dwbumv( Fhqnauq,

wd``nh bhe wbumdlnhq ~qn |fhe bq usbhqwdsu, um~q qmn`uns |f`` kdefjv umnqn wbum|bvq( Fh dsambseq umnsn

bsn djunh fhasnbqne h~kcnsq dj fhqnauq |mfam bfeq wd``fhbufdh( Md|nzns, umn sne~aufdh fh |fhe qwnne

abhsnq~`ufhwnquqbhewbumdlnhqcnfhlenwdqfunedhumn`nnqfendjumnqmn`unscn`u(Kdefabufdhdj

m~kfefuv nzn`q abh b`qd fkwbau j~hlb` efqnbqnq -Cfse, 266=9 Nfammdsh nu b`(, 377:9 A`n~lm, 266=9 Odqn nu b`(,

37759 Idsu, 26==&(

>(> Adkw~uns kden``fhlUbc`n 2 q~kkbsfqnq qdkn dj umn bezbhublnq bhe efqbezbhublnq dj qmn`unscn`uq( Adkw~uns kden`q abh

mn`w ~hsbzn` umn adkw`n}fufnq dj asdw qmn`unscn`u fhunsbaufdhq( Cv kdefjvfhl a`fkbufa wbsb knunsq q~am bq

sbfhjb``bheunkwnsbu~snumnwdunhufb`cnhnuqdjqmn`unscn`uqad~`ecnwsnefaune~hensa`fkbunambhln

qanhbsfdq(Md|nzns,adkw~unskden`qbsnwsdhnudcnfhldznsqfkw`fne-Kfnnu b`(, 377=c9 Wb`kb nu b`(,

377(:Wsnzfd~qsnzfn|hefhlqUmnkdquubhlfc`ncnhnuumbuqmn`unscn`uqcsfhlfqfhasnbqnevfn`e(Bqumfqqnaufdhmbqenkdhqusbune

umnn}baucnhnubqmn`unscn`uwsdzfenqkbvcnmbsensudenunskfhn(Umnsnbsnbh~kcnsdjsnzfn|q

umbu adzns umfq udwfa fh kdsn enubf`( Idsu -26==& bhe H~cnsl -266=& ddine bu umn njjnau dj qmn`unsdh bsbc`n asdw vfn`eq, |mf`qu Cfse -266=& snzfn|ne umn funsbu~sn jds umn njjnau dj qmn`uns dh wbqu~sn(

Umnqn snzfn|q adha`~ene umbu b bsln h~kcns dj qu~efnq mbzn qmd|h fkwsdzne lsd|um bhe vfn`e dzns

b sbhln dj a`fkbunq bhe qdf`q, b`umd~lm umn snq~`uq |nsn zbsfbc`n enwnhefhl dh asdw, |nbumns, vnbs

qmn`unscn`u uvwn bhe qdf`( Vfn`e fhasnbqnq bsn kdsn adhqfqunhu jds znlnubc`nq bq enubf`ne fh umn snzfn|

djCb`e|fh-26==&(Idsu-26==&hduneumbur~bhufubufznadkwbsfqdhqcnu|nnhqu~efnq|nsnefja~`ubq

kbhv wbsbknunsq |nsn hdu snadsene( Djunh fu |bq hdu a`nbs fj umn `bhe ubinh d~u dj wsde~aufdh jds umn

qmn`unscn`u |bq ene~aune jsdk umn vfn`e ab`a~`bufdhq -A`n~lm, 266=&( Qmn`unscn`u qu~efnq qmd~`e mbzn

enubf`ne kfasda`fkbun knbq~snknhuq bu zbsvfhl efqubhan jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u -Lsban, 26==9 H~cnsl,

266=&(Umnhn}uumsnnqnaufdhq|f``snzfn|umnnzfenhanjdsumncnhnuqdjhbufznusnnqqwnafnqjds

qmn`uns dh umn |buns snlfkn dj wbqu~sn bhe bsbc`n asdwq(

Ubc`n 2

Bezbhublnq bhe efqbezbhublnq dj qmn`uns? qd~san Lbsefhns, 3775(

Bezbhublnq

Sne~aufdh fh qdf` nzbwdsbufdh bhe w`bhu usbhqwfsbufdh

Fhasnbqne bfs unkwnsbu~sn snq~`ufhl fh fkwsdzne asdwlnskfhbufdh bhe lsd|um

N}unhqfdh dj lsd|fhl qnbqdh e~n ud fhasnbqne qdf` bhebfs unkwnsbu~snq

Adhusd` dj qhd| esfjufhl, qwsbv esfju bhe f ssflbufdh |buns

Sne~ane knambhfab` ebkbln nbefhl ud nqq |buns dqqjsdk w`bhu ufqq~nq

Sne~aufdh dj asdw delfhl

Sne~aufdh dj qdf` nsdqfdh

Fhasnbqne qdf` dslbhfa kbuuns bhe h~usfnhu snava`fhljsdk nbj fuuns

Kfhnsb`fbufdh dj qdf` hfusdlnh nhad~sblne

Sne~aufdhdjqdf`bafefabufdhjdsansubfhqdf`q

Fhasnbqne wd``fhbufdh jds qdkn asdwq

Usnnq adkwnun |fum asdwq jdsflmu, |buns, bhe h~usfnhu q snq~`ufhlfh sne~ane asdw vfn`eq a`dqn udqmn`unscn`uq

Fhasnbqn fh delfhl fh umn abzfuv dhn

Sne~aufdh fh wd``fhbufdh jds qdknasdwq

@bhe ubinh d~u dj wsde~aufdh bhebeene adqu dj nqubc`fqmknhu bhekbfhunhbhan(

Wdunhufb` dj |buns dllfhl dj qdf`a`dqn ud d| wdsd~q qmn`uns cn`uq

Efqbezbhublnq

Jbsk`bhebuM~aifhlNqubun?\UW@$Hfamd`bqQw~s`fhl

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Jdsnqu adzns fh umn I

3>& wfdhnnsne I qmn`uns snqnbsam, qu~evfhl umn kfasda`fkbun dj Qaduufqm qmn`unscn`uq(

Umnqn qmn`unscn`uq w`bhune fh umn 26um Anhu~sv mbzn cnadkn hnl`naune -Mfq`dw nu b`(, 266

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu ^I nzfenhan

36

:(1 Qmn`unscn`u qu~efnq

:(1(2 Bsbc`nMd~lmbheAddwns-26==&adhe~aunen}wnsfknhuqfhhdsum+nbquNhl`bhen}bkfhfhlumnnjjnaudjbsufafb

qmn`uns dh vfn`eq dj qwsfhl cbs`nv, |fhuns |mnbu bhe |fhuns cbs`nv( Umn qmn`uns mbe b wdsdqfuv dj >7 wns

anhu, bhe |bq 7(6k ub` bhe =7k `dhl( Knbq~snknhuq |nsn kben cnmfhe umn qmn`uns bu zbsfd~q efqubhanq fh

w`duq ~w ud 37k ds 17k jsdk umn qmn`uns( Qmn`unsne asdwq |nsn ub` ns bhe vfn`ene kdsn lsbfhq umbh hdh+

qmn`unsneasdwqjdsumnsquu|dvnbsq(Fhumnumfsevnbssnq~`uq|nsnfhadha`~qfzn(Umnb~umdsqbuusfc~une

umnqnsnq~`uquda fkbufaadhefufdhq(Fhumnsquu|dvnbsqumnsn|nsnwnsfdeqdjesv|fhev|nbumnsjds

qnznsb` |nniq cnjdsn bhumnqfq, |mnsnbq fh umn umfse qnbqdh fu |bq |nu |fum kf e |fheq ~huf bhumnqfq(

Bqq~kfhlumncnhnuqdjqmn`unscn`uqn}unhe~wud17Mfhudumnn`e,umnhfuad~`ecnmvwdumnqfqneumbub

>k mneln dj >7 wns anhu wdsdqfuv bhl`ne blbfhqu umn wsnedkfhbhu |fheq ad~`e bjjdse wsdunaufdh dj ~w ud

2>7kfhudbn`e(@fin|fqnb27kmflmqmn`unscn`uad~`ewsdunaubhbsnb~wud177k`dhl(Umnqnzb`~nqbsn

bcqd`~unkb}fk~kqbhe|d~`ehnneudq~cqubhufbunecvj~sumnsn`en}wnsfknhuq(

Umnb~umdsqq~llnquneumbuumncnhnafb`njjnaudjqmn`uns|bqudsne~annzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh(^qfhl

umn Wnhkbh+Kdhunfum nr~bufdh umnv ab`a~`bune umbu qmn`uns |d~`e enasnbqn usbhqwfsbufdh cv 27 wns

anhu( Umnv q~llnqune umbu e~sfhl esfns wnsfdeq umn qdf` kdfqu~sn nzn`q kbv cn mflmns ~hens qmn`unsne

usnbuknhuq(Umnvq~wwdsuneumfqcvn`edcqnszbufdhq,hdufhlumbubjuns`flmusbfhjb``umnqmn`unsneudw

qdf` |bq hdu bq esv bq umn ~hqmn`unsne udw qdf`(

Qwbsinq nu b`(-266=&fhznquflbuneumnnjjnaudjn`ekbslfhqdhasdwvfn`e(Dznsznumnvnbsq,n`ekbslfhq

dj adkknsafb` jbskq lsd|fhl q~lbs cnnu, |mnbu bhe cbs`nv |nsn qu~efne( Umnv jd~he umbu umnsn |bq b

sne~aufdhfhvfn`ebuumnnelndjumnn`ebheumfq|bqkdquwsdhd~hanejdsq~lbscnnu-knbhsne~aufdh

3: wns anhu& bhe `nbqu jds ansnb`q -knbh sne~aufdh < wns anhu&( Vfn`e sne~aufdhq efe hdu n}unhe j~sumns

umbh37kjsdkumnn`ekbslfh(Umnvbuusfc~uneumnqn`dqqnqudqdf adkwbaufdhjsdkkbamfhnsvbqfu

u~shne(\mnhmnelnq|nsnwb sudjumn n`ekbslf hqvfn`e` dqqnq|nsnlsnb unse~nudqm befhl(Bsnbq

qmbene cv usnnq wsde~ane 5(5 u mb+2 dj |mnbu bq adkwbsne ud hdh qmbene bsnbq |mfam wsde~ane =(2 u

mb+2( Vfn`eq dj |mnbu |nsn mb`zne |fumfh 6k dj umn mneln bhe umn lsbfh adhubfhne q flmu`v kdsn kdfqu~sn(

Umn b~umdsq q~llnqune umbu umn bsnb |fumfh 37k dj umn mneln |bq b ldde abhefebun jds qnu+bqfen(

\f`ad} nu b`( -3777& qu~efne umn njjnau dj asdw kbslfhq cdsensne |fum 2(> ud 3k mflm mnelnq dh bsbc`n

asdw vfn`eq bu Qmsdwqmfsn -Mbswns Bebkq&, Mbkwqmfsn bhe @nfanqunsqmfsn( Vfn`eq |nsn sne~ane ~w ud

17kfhudumnn`ebudhnqfun,c~uumfqad~`ehducnbuusfc~uneqd`n`vudumnwsnqnhandj|nneq(Umn

b~umdsq adha`~ene umbu vfn`e sne~aufdhq |nsn qfun enwnhenhu bhe ad~`e cn e~n ud wsnqnhan dj |nneq,

qnne cne r~b`fuv bhe qdf` adkwbaufdh( Umnv kben hd adkknhu dh umn njjnau dj umn mneln(

:(1(3 Wbqu~snS~qqn``bheLsban-26kjsdkqmn`uns(Fh`usbufdhsbunq|nsn~wud:7ufknqmflmnsumbh

hdh+usnn w`bhune bsnbq(

:(5 Blsdjdsnqusv qu~efnq^Iblsfa~`u~snkbvfhesv|fhevadhefufdhqcnhnujsdkqmn`uns,c~uvfn`eqkbvcnsne~anebun`e

kbslfhq( Umn njjnau dj qmn`unscn`uq dh asdw vfn`e fq b cb`bhan cnu|nnh wdqfufzn bhe hnlbufzn fhunsbaufdhq(

Umnsn bsn b h~kcns dj blsdjdsnqusv n}wnsfknhuq umbu mbzn n}bkfhne umnqn fhunsbaufdhq( Umnqn bsn

sn`nzbhubqumnhefhlqabhlfznfhqflmuudmd|qmn`unscn`uqkbvadkwnun|fumasdwq(Kdqudjumn

n}wnsfknhuq |nsn wbsu dj u|d ^I fhfufbufznq umbu fhznquflbune vfn`eq dj usnn$wbqu~sn -Qf zdwbqudsb` hbufdhb`

hnu|dsi& bhe usnn$bsbc`n qvqunkq -QBJN ? Qf zdbsbc`n Blsdjdsnqusv jds N~sdwn& -Blsdjdsnqusv Jds~k,

hdu ebune&( Umn usnnq |nsn w`bhune fh b` nvq bhe bu zbsfd~q `nzn`q dj qwbafhl(

:(5(2 Wbqu~snQmbefhl

Hdsumnsh N~sdwnbh blsfa~`u~sb` wsde~aufdh fq `bsln`v fkfune cv flmu bhe qd~umnsh N~sdwnbh blsfa~`u~sb`

wsde~aufdh cv |buns -Nfammdsh nu b`(, 377:&( Cnsln nu b ( -266

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu ^I nzfenhan

12

Sddu adkwnufufdh

Usnnq daa~wv umn qbkn adkwnufufzn sddu qwban bq asdwq( Md|nzns, |mnh adhjsdhune |fum adkwnufufdh

usnn bhe asdw sdduq abh ambhln umnfs cnmbzfd~s( Abkwcn` nu b`( -2665& qu~efne sddu adkwnufufdh dj |f e

amnssv usnnq fhuns asdwwne |fum wbqu~sn bu b qfun fh Qadu`bhe ~hens zbsvfhl `nzn`q dj H bww fabufdh( Umn

qu~ev qmd|ne umbu lsbqq |bq kdsn adkwnufufzn umbh usnnq( Dh`v ~hens mdu esv adhefufdhq bhe bu umn

mflmnqu bww fabufdhq dj hfusdlnh efe |buns fkfu usnn lsd|um(

Eb|qdh nu b`( -3772& ~qfhl umn qbkn qu~ev qfun bq Abkwcn` b jn| vnbsq `buns qu~efne umn efqusfc~ufdh dj

usnn bhe lsbqq sdduq( Usnn sdduq bzdfene umn udw >ak dj qdf |mfam |bq daa~wfne cv lsbqq sdduq( Usnn sdduq

|nsn dh`v jd~he fh umn udw >ak dj qdf fj lsbqq lsd|um |bq q~wwsnqqne cv mnscfafen usnbuknhu(

Qdf` wsdwnsufnq

Bq efqa~qqne nbs fns Abssd` nu b (-377:&jd~heumbuqmn`unscn`uqfhasnbqnefh`usbufdhsbunq(Wbsifhqdh nu

b`( -266=& qu~efne umn mvesd`dlv dj bh bqm blsdjdsnqusv qfun fh Enzdh( \buns esbfhne r~fains jsdk umn qdf

fh umn b` nv asdwwne qfun umbh umn qfun |fumd~u usnnq( Umn b~umdsq q~llnqune umbu umfq |bq e~n ud nhmbhane

qdf kbasdwdsdqfuv asnbune cv usnn sddu n}w`dsbufdh(

Kfasda`fkbun qu~ev

B qnsfnq dj kfasda fkbun knbq~snknhuq |nsn kben bu b adhfjns blsdjdsnqusv qfun fh Qadu`bhe -Qfccb`e nu

b`(,26629Qfccb`ebheLsfjum,26639Qfccb`e nu b`(, 26659 Lsnnhq nu b`(, 266>&( Qdkn lnhnsb` wsfhafw`nq abh cn

lbfhne jsdk umnqn n}wnsfknhuq |mfam abh mbzn qdkn n}usbwd`bufdh ud hbufzn enafe~d~q usnnq( \fhe qwnne

sne~aufdh |bq knbq~sne bu efjjnsnhu enhqfufnq dj adhfjns w`bhufhl( \fhe qwnne |bq knbq~sne 3k bcdzn umn

lsd~he bhe |bq jd~he ud cn 5: wns anhu, 36 wns anhu bhe 2: wns anhu fh umn |fen, knef~k bhe hbssd|

w`duq, snqwnaufzn`v -Lsnnhq nu b (, 266>&( Bu umn lsnbunqu usnn enhqfuv, lsbqq knsfqunk unkwnsbu~sn |bq

sne~ane-Qfccb`ebheLsfjum,2663&(Mnscblnvfn`eena fhne|fumusnnenhqfuv(Vfn`esne~aufdhq|nsnhdu

qflhfabhufjumnusnnq|nsn`nqqumbh=kub` bhebubqwbafhldjkdsnumbh:k(Umnb~umdsqq~llnqune

umbu usnnq kbv wsdkdun qdkn d~u dj qnbqdh wbqu~sn lsd|um -Qfccb`e nu b`(, 2662&( Bq wbsu dj umn qbkn

qu~ev fu |bq jd~he umbu umn mdsfdhub` wsdonaufdh dj usnn asd|hq lbzn b ldde fhefabufdh dj mnscbln vfn`e

-Qfccb`e nu b`(, 2665&(

:(5(3 Bsbc`nBlsdjdsnqusv n}wnsfknhuq umbu mbzn kf}ne usnnq bhe bsbc`n mbzn jda~qne dh umn vfn`e dj cdum asdw bhe

usnn( Umnsn mbq cnnh b `bsln jda~q dh wdw`bs usnnq |mfam bsn jbqu lsd|fhl bhe wsde~an kbsinubc`n ufkcns

sn`bufzn`v r~fai`v -C~slnqq nu b (, 37719 C~slnqq nu b`(, 377>&(

H~usfnhu fhw~uq

Sbhbqfhlmn bhe Kbvmnbe -2667& qu~efne umn njjnau dj fhuns asdwwfhl wdw`bsq bhe cnbhq bq adkwbsne ud bwdw`bs adhusd ( Umnv jd~he umbu nznh bu u|d vnbsq d`e umn lsnbunqu usnn lsd|um |bq bu umn |fenqu qwbafhl(

Umnsn |nsn mflmns `nzn`q dj hfusdlnh fh umn wdw`bsq lsd|h |fum cnbhq bq adkwbsne ud umn adhusd (

Bu umn nhe dj umn qnadhe vnbs cnbh lsd|um |bq sne~ane |fumfh 3>ak dj umn usnn e~n ud sne~ane flmu bhe

kdfqu~sn(Umnb~umdsqadha`~eneumbuumnwdw`bsqmbecnhnunejsdklsd|fhlhn}uudumncnbhqe~nud

umn fhasnbqne H `nzn`q(

Wbsinu b`( -2665& fhznquflbune qdf wsdwnsufnq dj bsbc`n fhuns+asdwwne |fum jd~s vnbs d`e wdw`bsq(

Umnv jd~he umbu |fumfh 2k dj umn usnn, umnsn |bq kdsn dslbhfa kbuuns bhe qdf fhznsuncsbunq( Umn b~umdsq

adha`~ene umbu wdw`bsq |nsn ~h fin`v ud mbzn b enusfknhub` njjnau dh qdf dslbhfa kbuuns(

Njjnauq dj |buns adkwnufufdh bhe qmbefhl

C~slnqq nu b ( -3771, 377>& adhe~aune b `bsln qab`n blsdjdsnqusv qu~ev ~qfhl vd~hl wdw`bs usnnq(

Wdw`bsq |nsn fhuns+asdwwne |fum zbsfd~q bsbc`n asdwq bhe lsd|um sbunq |nsn adkwbsne ud b wdw`bs jb` d|

adhusd ( Bsbc`n asdwq ab~qne b sne~aufdh fh usnn lsd|um bq adkwbsne ud umn adhusd ( Umn wdw`bs bhe

bsbc`nusnbuknhumbeblsnbunsqdf`|bunsenafuumbhumnadhusd`q~llnqufhlumbu|buns|bq`fkfufhlusnn

lsd|um( Asdw vfn`e |bq sne~ane cv27 wns anhu, e~n ud nfumns qmbefhl, adkwnufufdh jds |buns, |nneq ds

q`~l ebkbln( Usnnq mbe umn lsnbunqu njjnau dh csnbi asdwq bhe umn `nbqu njjnau dh |fhuns ansnb`q q~llnqufhl

umbu qmbefhl |bq fkfufhl asdw lsd|um( Umn vfn`e dj fhuns asdwwne k~qubse bhe cnbhq |bq bcd~u =7 wns

anhubqadkwbsneudw~snbsbc`nn`e,|mnsnbq,fhunsasdwwne|fhuns|mnbuvfn`eq|nsnbcd~u61wnsanhu

djumnbsbc`nn`e(\fhunsasdwqhfqmk~amdjumnfsenzn`dwknhucnjdsnusnn`nbznqnknsln,umnsnjdsn

bzdfefhl umn beznsqn njjnauq dj qmbefhl( C~slnqq nu b`( -377>& snwdsune umbu mflm ws~hfhl dj wdw`bsq

kfhfkfne umn njjnau dj qmbefhl dh asdw lsd|um(

:(> Adkw~uns kden``fhlWbsu dj umn QBJN wsdonau |bq ud enzn`dw b adkw~uns kden` ud wsnefau vfn`eq dj cdum asdwq bhe usnnq dzns

ufkn -Zbh ens \nsjnu b`,, 377

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Umn cnhnuq dj hbufzn usnnq qwnafnq jds qmn`uns dh umn |buns

snlfkn dj wbqu~sn bhe bsbc`n asdwqN~sdwnbh nzfenhan

11

N~sdwnbh Nzfenhan

7k mnelnsd| abh qudsn

cnu|nnh 2>7 bhe 1 a~cfa knusnq dj |buns, |mfam abh cn sn`nbqne e~sfhl esv wnsfdeq( Fh hdsum \nqu

Jsbhan, mnelnq |nsn snkdzne jsdk umn cdabln snlfdh |mfam snq~`une fh qdf` nsdqfdh( Snl~`bufdhq hd|

qufw~`bun umbu mnelnq mbzn ud cn w` bhune fh umnqn bsnbq -Knsdu, 26669 Mneln`fhi, 3776&(

Jbsknsq fh esfns wbsuq dj N~sdwn bsn kdsn fin`v ud w`bhu usnnq -E~wsb nu b`(, 377>&( Umsnn kf``fdh

mnaubsnq dj kbfh`v dbi kf}ne |fum wbqu~snq ds asdwq adzns wbsuq dj Qwbfh bhe Wdsu~lb`, b wsbaufan ab``ne

enmnqb -@b|qdh nu b`(, 3775&( Umn enmnqb wsdzfen qmn`uns jds fznqudai bhe umn |dde fq ~qne jds ufkcns(

Fh Fub`v d`fznq bhe zfhnq bsn fhuns asdwwne |fum ansnb`q(

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

18/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu N~sdwnbh nzfenhan

1>

Dsjbh~q bhe Nfufhlns -3727& qu~efne umn njjnau dj qdf` un}u~sn bhe =k mneln qmn`uns dh umn lsd|um dj

b`jb`jb fh dhn dj umn |fhefnqu bhe esfnqu wbsuq dj anhusb` N~sdwn, umn B~qusfbh cbqfh( Nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh

|bqqflhfabhu`v`d|nsbu37k-3(>M&jsdkumnmnelnumbhbu=7k-27M&e~nudsne~ane|fheqwnne(

Qbhev qdf` mbe ud mbzn = wns anhu kdsn |buns adkwbsne ud a`bv qdf`q ud n`fkfhbun w`bhu |buns qusnqq(

Umnv adha`~ene umbu mnelnq abh qbzn b`kdqu 3777 k1 mb+2 dj |buns e~n ud sne~aufdhq fh |fhe qwnne

-wsnq~kbc`v dzns b vnbs&(

& qmd|ne umbu mnelnq

ad~`e fhasnbqn bhh~b` nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq jsdk > ud 17 wns anhu( Umn lsd~he|buns ubc`n |bq

`d|nsne q~llnqufhl umbu mneln sdduq |nsn bc`n ud ~wubin |buns jsdk umfq snqd~san(

7 vnbsq dj snqnbsam adha`~ene umbu qmn`unscn`uq fhasnbqne vfn`eq( Fha`~ene

fh umbu snzfn| |nsn qu~efnq jsdk Lnskbhv, Enhkbsi, Wd`bhe, ^isbfhn bhe S~qqfb( Kdqu dj umn qu~efnq

snwdsune bh bsnb dj sne~ane lsd|um cnu|nnh 7(>M bhe 2(>M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u, c~u umnqn dqqnq

|nsn adkwnhqbune jds cv fhasnbqne vfn`e fh umn bsnb cnu|nnh bcd~u 2(>M

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Umn cnhnuq dj hbufzn usnnq qwnafnq jds qmn`uns dh umn |buns

snlfkn dj wbqu~sn bhe bsbc`n asdwqUnkwnsbu~sn dhn nzfenhan

1 wns anhu dj bhe bhe umbu usnnq qmd~`e cn qn`naune |fum ~wsflmu

lsd|um ud bzdfe qwsb|`fhl csbhamnq -BBJA, hdu ebuneb&(

Id|b`am~i bhe Odhl -266>& qu~efne umn njjnau dj b qmn`unscn`u adkwsfqfhl lsnnh bqm bhe kbw`n dh vfn`eq

dj |mnbu, cbs`nv bu b qfun fh Qbqibuddh, Abhbeb( Vfn`e fhasnbqnq |nsn kdqu wsdhd~hane |mnh |buns

q~ww`v|bq`d|(Umnqmn`unscn`usne~anevfn`eq~wud3Mfhudumnn`e,c~ufhqnbqdhq|mnh|buns|bq

hdu`fkfufhlumfqdhn|bqqkb``ns(Fhasnbqnevfn`eq|nsndcqnsznecnu|nnh3Mbhe5Mfhudumnn`e(

\fhe qwnne |bq sne~ane cv 57 wns anhu bu 2M bhe umn nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbun |bq wns anhu dj

umn hdh+qmn`unsne qfun bu umn qbkn efqubhan( Umn b~umdsq adha`~ene umbu fhasnbqne vfn`eq |nsn e~n ud

sne~aufdhq fh asdw nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq(

Wn`udh-26:kmflmbsufafb`qmn`unsdj5>wnsanhuwdsdqfuvdhvfn`eq

dj |mnbu( Umn jnhan sne~ane |fhe qwnne cv cnu|nnh 2> wns anhu bhe >7 wns anhu bhe snq~`une fh

sne~aufdhq fh nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh dj cnu|nnh 23 wns anhu ud 31 wns anhu( Vfn`eq |nsn fhasnbqne jsdk

cnu|nnh31wnsanhuud51wnsanhu(Umncnhnafb`njjnauq|nsnqusdhlnqu~wudbefqubhandj27Mjsdk

umn qmn`uns( Umn b~umdsq hdune umbu vfn`e fhasnbqnq |nsn mflm`v zbsfbc`n jsdk vnbs ud vnbs(

Cbvd~-266

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

20/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Unkwnsbu~sn dhn nzfenhan

16

=(3(3 ^QBFh umn wsbfsfnq dj umn QB, qmn`unscn`uq |nsn w`bhune ud sne~an |fhe nsdqfdh -Kfn nu b`(, 377=b&(

Cbunq adhe~aune wfdhnnsfhl snqnbsam fhud umn njjnauq dj qmn`unscn`uq dh kfasda`fkbun bhe asdw vfn`eq fh

Hncsbqib fh 2622( Mn jd~he umbu ~w ud 23M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u umnsn |bq b sne~aufdh fh |buns dqq dj

23+1: wns anhu -Cfse, 266=&(

Bqqn bhe Qfe|bv -26m ud 3M dhn |nsn 2(: ufknq mflmns fh umn ws~hne qfun bq adkwbsne ud

umn hdh+ws~hne qfun( Qdf` |buns adhunhu |bq d|ns hnbsns umn qmn`unscn`u jds umn hdh+ws~hne qfun bhe

umfq njjnau |bq qusdhlnqu fh q~kkns bhe b~u~kh( Umn qu~ev q~llnqune umbu sddu ws~hfhl abh sne~an

|buns adkwnufufdh cnu|nnh umn asdw bhe usnn qmn`uns( Md~ nu b`( -3771& qu~efne umn njjnau dj sddu

ws~hfhl dh vfn`eq dj qdvb cnbhq hn}u ud b qmn`uns dj nfumns adhfjns ds enafe~d~q usnnq fh Hncsbqib(

Qdf` |buns adhunhu |bq mflmns bu 7(M fh umn ws~hne usnbuknhu, bq adkwbsne ud umn hdh+ws~hne

usnbuknhu( Umn fhasnbqnq fh vfn`e bu umn ws~hne qfun |bq kbuamne cv bh fhasnbqnq fh qdf` |buns adhunhu(

Bjuns 2M jsdk umn qmn`uns umnsn |bq hd efjjnsnhan cnu|nnh usnbuknhuq( Cdum qu~efnq q~llnqu umbu umn

dcqnszne sne~aufdhq fh vfn`e |nsn e~n ud adkwnufufdh jds |buns(

Qmn`unscn`uq abh b`qd sne~an |buns dqq jsdk qwsbv f ssflbufdh bhe umnsnjdsn fhasnbqn asdw |buns

njafnhav-Cfse,266=&(Efaiv-26==&fhumn^QBsnwdsuneumbuqmn`unscn`uqsne~anefssflbufdh|buns

`dqqnq cv bq k~am bq 53 wns anhu(

Lf``nqwfn nu b`( -3777& qu~efne kbfn lsd|fhl |fum c`bai |b`h~u ds sne dbi( \mnh kbfn bhe usnn sdduq

|nsn fqd`bune, umnsn |bq hd sne~aufdh fh kbfn vfn`e( Umn b~umdsq adha`~ene umbu qmbefhl mbe hd

hnlbufzn njjnau dh kbfn wsde~aufdh(

B adkw~uns kden` ab``ne umn Nsdqfdh+Wsde~aufzfuv Fkwbau Ab`a~`buds -NWFA& |bq enzn`dwne fh

HncsbqibcvNbquns`fhl-266&( Cfse -266=& adkwf`ne b `funsbu~sn snzfn| dj umn njjnau dj qmn`uns dh wbqu~sn

wsde~aufdh afufhl u|d Hn| _nb`bhe qu~efnq( Dhn |bq umn |dsi dj Sbea`fjjn |md qu~efne umn njjnau dh

umn lsd|um sbun dj wbqu~sn dj b qmn`unscn`u adkwsfqne dj wfhn bhe anebs( Wbqu~sn wsde~aufdh bu 1M ud

>Mjsdkumnqmn`unscn`u|bq:(>ubqadkwbsneudbkfen`ezb`~ndj5u(Vfn`e|bq1(:ubu7(1Mjsdkumn

qmn`unscn`u( Umn qmn`unscn`u snq~`une fh b :7 wns anhu fhasnbqn fh wbqu~sn wsde~aufdh |mfam umn b~umdsq

adha`~ene |bq e~n ud sne~ane nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq( Cfse -266=& b`qd snwdsuq dh umn |dsi dj

Mb|in bhe Udkc`nqdh |md jd~he wbqu~sn lsd|um |bq fhasnbqne bu 7(& afunq B~qusb`fbh qu~efnq umbu

mbzn qmd|h b wdqfufzn njjnau dj qmn`uns dh vfn`eq( Dhn qu~ev cv Cfaihn`` qmd|ne vfn`e fhasnbqnq

fh ~wfhq bhe dbuq fh umn nn dj b wfhn qmn`unscn`u( Cfse -266=& snwdsune dh umn |dsi dj @vham bhe

Edhhn`v|mfamenkdhqusbuneumbubsufafb`qmn`unsad~`efhasnbqnwbqu~snwsde~aufdhe~nudsne~ane

nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq(

Umn Hbufdhb` \fhecsnbiq wsdlsbkkn |bq qubsune ud beesnqq umn bai dj qmn`unscn`u snqnbsam fh

B~qusb`fb( Qdkn vfn`e fhasnbqn |bq enkdhqusbune, c~u snq~`uq |nsn hdu adhzfhafhl bq |fhe efsnaufdh

|bqfhadhqfqunhusnq~`ufhlfhn`eqhdub`|bvqcnfhlqmn`unsne(Bqflhfabhuvfn`efhasnbqn|bqdh`v

enkdhqusbune |mnh |fhe efsnaufdh |bq adhqfqunhu( Qmn`unscn`uq mbe hd njjnau dh lsd~he |buns nzn`q(

Umn b~umdsq adha`~ene umbu qmn`unscn`uq |nsn dh`v bwwsdwsfbun jds ansubfh qfunq -A`n~lm nu b`(, 37739

Q~eknvns bhe Qaduu, 3773&(

H~cnslbheKv`f~q-3773&qu~efne|mnbulsd|fhlhnbsBen`bfen|fumbhbsufafb`qmn`unscn`u(Qmn`unsne

w`bhuq|nsn&(

A`fkbufa njjnauq mbe b bsln njjnau dh snq~`uq9 qdkn vnbsq fu |bq cnuuns ud mbzn usnnq kf}ne |fum asdwq

|mf`qu dumns vnbsq hdu( B adkcfhbufdh dj jbaudsq ad~`e kbin umn f huns asdwwfhl kdsn wsde~aufzn q~am

bqbaanqqudwnsamne|bunsubc`nq,n`eq|fumadhqfqunhu|fheefsnaufdhq,usnnqblne`nqqumbhunhvnbsq

bhe d| sbfhjb`` -`nqq umbh 577kk&(

Mbsznqufhl|mnbufh\mfukbhAd~huv?Wmf`B~l~qubzd$fQudai

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Umn cnhnuq dj hbufzn usnnq qwnafnq jds qmn`uns dh umn |buns

snlfkn dj wbqu~sn bhe bsbc`n asdwqEfqa~qqfdh

52

Efqa~qqfdh

6(2Cnhnuqdjqmn`unsQu~efnq fh N~sdwn bhe dumns unkwnsbun dhnq mbzn umn qmd|h umbu qmn`unscn`uq abh sne~an |fhe qwnneq

~w ud 17M jsdk umn qmn`unscn`u( Asdwq bhe usnnq adkwnun jds |buns bhe flmu( Umfq njjnau jsnr~nhuv

efqbwwnbsq bu b efqubhan dj 2 ud 3M jsdk umn qmn`uns cn`u, bu |mfam wdfhu vfn`e fhasnbqnq kbv daa~s(

Umn bsnb bu b efqubhan dj 2(> ud 6 ufknq umn mnflmu dj umn qmn`unscn`u wsde~anq umn lsnbunqu vfn`e

fhasnbqnq( Umnsnjdsn cbqne dh umnqn zb`~nq fu abh cn mvwdumnqfqne umbu b 27k mflm qmn`unscn`u dj

cnu|nnh 57+:7 wns anhu wdsdqfuv ad~`e sne~an |fhe qwnneq dzns bh bsnb dj 177k jsdk umn qmn`uns(

Vfn`esne~aufdhqe~nudusnnasdwadkwnufufdhad~`ecnadhhneud|fumfhbcd~u2>kdjumn

qmn`unscn`u( Umn bsnb cnu|nnh 2> bhe 67k jsdk umn qmn`uns ad~`e mbzn umn lsnbunqu asdw vfn`eq(

Umn njjnauq dj qmn`uns abh zbsv |fum vnbs, asdw, qdf uvwn, qmn`unscn`u enqflh, qubln dj asdw enzn`dwknhu

bhelndlsbwmv-Idsu,26==9Cfse,266=&(Cfse-266=&qubuneumbuhefhlumnwbsufa~`bsjbauds|mfam

wsde~aneumnvfn`efhasnbqnabhcnefja~`ubher~duneEbzfqbheHdskbh-26==&|mdqubuneumbu

qmn`unsmbqk~`ufw`n,fhunsbaufhlnjjnauqdhasdwwsdanqqnq|mfamb`kdquenjvn}w`bhbufdh(

Umfq snzfn| mbq wsnqnhune nzfenhan jsdk unkwnsbun blsfa~`u~sb` qvqunkq |mfam q~llnqu umbu

qmn`unscn`uq abh mbzn b wdqfufzn njjnau dh |buns snlfknq( Umfq njjnau fq kdsn wsdhd~hane ~hens mdu,

esv adhefufdhq( Qmn`uns abh b`qd njjnau w`bhu l sd|um qdknufknq fhasnbqfhl asdw cfdkbqq ds sne~afhl

knambhfab` ebkbln( Md|nzns, umn fhusde~aufdh dj usnnq fhud bh blsfa~`u~sb` qvqunk abh snq~`u fh

adkwnufufdh jds snqd~sanq(

6(2(2 Qmn`unscn`u bhe asdw |buns snlfknJbsknsq fh esfns bsnbq dj N~sdwn bsn kdsn fha`fhne ud w`bhu usnnq -E~wsb nu b`(, 377>&( Mnsdl -3777&

qubune umbu blsfa~`u~sb` wsde~aufdh |bq fkfune fh hdsumnsh N~sdwn cv flmu b he fh qd~umnsh N~sdwn

cv |buns( Md|nzns, ~hens a`fkbun ambhln qanhbsfdq wbsuq dj hdsumnsh N~sdwn |f`` n}wnsfnhan |buns

qmdsublnq( Fu mbq b`snbev cnnh q~llnqune umbu Knefunssbhnbh asdw usfb`q ad~`e qubsu fh qd~umnsh Nhl`bhe

-Umdkwqdh nu b`(, 377

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

22/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Efqa~qqfdh

51

@bsln hnu|dsiq dj qmn`unscn`uq abh b`qd sne~an nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq dj asdwq cv kdefjvfhl dab`

bfs m~kfefuv( Fh Wd`bhe bsln hnu|dsiq dj qmn`unscn`uq bau bq |buns w~kwq add`fhl umn bfs( Usnnq mbzn

mflm nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh sbunq, |mfam m~kfefjv umn nhzfsdhknhu sne~afhl nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh asdw

`dqqnq-Svqid|qifbheIefdsb,377=&(Qmn`unscn`uqabhb`qdn}nsubcnhnafb`njjnaudhqdf`qus~au~sn

fhasnbqfhlqdf`fh`usbufdhsbunqbqenkdhqusbunebuWdhucsnh,\b`nq-Abssd``nu b`(, 377:&( \fumfh u|d

vnbsqdjusnnw`bhufhlqdf`|bunsfh`usbufdhsbunq|nsnfhasnbqne(

Jdnsfe nu b`( -3773& fh Enhkbsi bhe H~cnsl bhe Kv`f~q -3773& fh B~qusb`fb cdum jd~he umbu qmn`unscn`uq

fhasnbqne umn bkd~hu dj cfdkbqq wsde~ane cv b asdw( Md|nzns, fh cdum abqnq umfq efe hdu snq~`u fh

mflmns lsbfh vfn`eq( Qmn`uns abh b`qd sne~an knambhfab` ebkbln ud w`bhuq, sne~afhl |buns dqq jsdk

ebkblne ufqq~n -S~qqn`` bhe Lsban, 26&( Cnsln nu b`( -266&

Wn`udh -26:

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

23/27

Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Snjnsnhanq

5>

SnjnsnhanqBBJA Blsfa~`u~sn bhe Blsf+Jdde Abhbeb&, hdu ebuneb( Fhasnbqfhl Asdw Vfn`e |fum Qmn`unscn`uq(

|||5(bls(la(ab$BBJA+BBA$efqw`bv+bjamns(ed4fe;2263>>:::5:7>*`bhl;nhl

YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2=, 3722[(

BBJA -Blsfa~`u~sn bhe Blsf+Jdde Abhbeb&, hdu ebunec( W`bhhfhl Jfn`e Qmn`unscn`uq( Bzbf`bc`n bu?

|||5(bls(la(ab$BBJA+BBA$efqw`bv+bjamns(ed4fe;2263>5:==7>7=*`bhl;nhl

YBaanqqne Qnwunkcns =, 3722[(

Blsdjdsnqusv Jds~k, hdu ebune( Qf`zdwbqudsb` Blsdjdsnqusv Udd`cd}( Bzbf`bc`n bu?

|||(kbab~bv(ba(~i$bljdsTudd`cd}$kbhbln(muk`!wbqu~snq YBaanqqne Qnwunkcns 2, 3722[(

B``nh, S(L(, Wnsnfsb, @(Q(, Sbnq, E( bhe Qkfum, K( 266=( Asdw nzbwdusbhqwfsbufdh+L~fen`fhnq jds adkw~ufhl asdw |buns

snr~fsnknhuq+JBD Fssflbufdh bhe esbfhbln wbwns >:( JBD, Sdkn, 177, w(:>52(

Bbqn, O( bhe Qfeed|bv, J( 267375qmn`unscn`ufhjdqmnnu(wejYBaanqqneB~l~qu2>,3722[(

Abkwcn``, A(E(, Buifhqdh, E( bhe Hn|cd~`e, W( 2665( Njjnauq dj hfusdlnh jnsuf`fqns dh usnn$wbqu~sn adkwnufufdh e~sfhl umn

nqubc`fqmknhu wmbqn dj b qf`zdwbqudsb` qvqunk( Bhhb`q dj bww`fne cfd`dlv, 235-2&, w(=1+6:(

Abkwf, W(, Wb`~kcd, B(E( bhe Kbqusdsf``f, K( 3776( Njjnauq dj usnn |fhecsnbi dh kfasda`fkbun bhe |mnbu wsde~aufzfuv fh b

Knefunssbhnbh nhzfsdhknhu( N~sdwnbh Od~shb` dj Blsdhdkv, 17-1&, w(337+336(

Ambhe`ns, I(S( bhe Ambwwn``, H(B( 377=( Fh~nhan dj fhefzfe~b` dbi -R~nsa~q sdc~s& usnnq dh qbu~sbune mvesb~`fa

adhe~aufzfuv( Jdsnqu Nad`dlv bhe Kbhblnknhu, 3>:->&, w(2333+2336(

Ambs`udh, K(C(, Cbf`nv, B( bhe Bshn``, H( 3727( \buns jds Blsfa~`u~sn + Fkw`fabufdhq jds J~u~sn Wd`fav bhe Wsbaufan, Bzbf`bc`n

bu? |||(sbqn(dsl(~i$wejq$\bunsTSnwdsu+Jfhb(wej YBaanqqne Qnwunkcns 2, 37 22[(

A`n~lm, M( 266=( Njjnauq dj |fhecsnbiq dh bfsd|, kfasda`fkbunq bhe asdw vfn`eq( Blsdjdsnqusv Qvqunkq, 52-2&, w(>>+=5(

A`n~lm, M( bhe M~lmnq, E( 3773( Fkwbau dj qmn`uns dh asdw kfasda`fkbunq? b qvhumnqfq dj snq~`uq jsdk |fhe u~hhn` bhe n`e

n}wnsfknhuq( B~qusb`fbh Od~shb` dj n}wnsfknhub` blsfa~`u~sn, 53-:&, w(:, 3722[(

ENJSB 3727c( Enjsbq A`fkbun Ambhln W`bh 3727(Bzbf`bc`nbu?|||(enjsb(ldz(~i$w~c`fabufdhq$`nq$wc211>=+a`fkbun+

ambhln+w`bh+3727+277135(wej YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2>, 3722[(

ENJSB 3722( \buns qbln fh Blsfa~`u~sn bhe Mdsufa~`u~sn Snq~`uq jsdk umn Jbsk C~qfhnqq Q~sznv 3776$27 bhe umn

Fssflbufdh Q~sznv 3727(Bzbf`bc`nbu?|||(enjsb(ldz(~i$qubufqufaq$`nq$enjsb+qubuq+jddejbsk+jbskkbhbln+jcq+

|buns~qbln37227:76(wej YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2>, 3722[(

Efainv, L(@( 26==( 32( Asdw |buns ~qn bhe |buns adhqnszbufdh cnhnuq jsdk |fhecsnbiq( Blsfa~`u~sn, Nadqvqunkq bhe

Nhzfsdhknhu,33+31, w(1=2+163(

E~wsb A(, C~slnqq W(, Lbzb`bhe B(, Lsbznq B(, Mnsdl J(, Fhad`` @(, Obaiqdh H(, Innqkbh I(, @b|qdh L(, @nadkun

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Zfhanhu L(, \nsj Zbh ens \(,, 377>( QBJN hb` snwdsu, Bzbf`bc`n bu?|||(nhqbk(fhsb(js$qbjn$nhl`fqm$snq~`uq$hb`+snwdsu$QBJNJd~sumVnbsBhh~b`SnwdsuZd`~kn3(wej

YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Snjnsnhanq

5( Qmn`unscn`uq bhe umnfs njjnau dh asdw vfn`e( Abhbefbh Od~shb` dj Qdf` Qafnhan, -5&,

w(>51+>>7(

@b|qdh, L(, C~slnqq, W(, Asd|n, S(, Kbhubhbq, I(, Kbv~q, K(, Kdsnhd, L(, KaBebk, O(, Hn|kbh, Q(, Wfqbhn``f, B( bhe

Qam~kbh, J( 3775( Wd`fav q~wwdsu jds blsdjdsnqusv fh umn N~sdwnbh ^hfdh, Bzbf`bc`n bu? |||2(kdhuwn``fns(

fhsb(js$qbjn$nhl`fqm$snq~`uq$hb+snwdsu$E6+1(wej

YBaanqqne Qnwunkcns 2, 3722[(

@bbsnz, K(K( 377:( Usbhqjdskbufdh dj umn bhh~b` |buns c~elnu dj qdf`q ~hens qmn`unscn`uq( N~sbqfbh Qdf` Qafnhan, 16-23&,

w(212=+2133( YDh`fhn bcqusbau[( ABC Bcqusbauq( Bzbf`bc`n jsdk? muuw?$$abcbcqusbauq(nefhb(ba(~i

@fqun M(M( bhe \mfun O(A( 377= W`bhu mvesb~`fa fju dj qdf` |buns? fkw`fabufdhq jds asdw wsde~aufdh bhe `bhe snqudsbufdh( W`bhu

bhe Qdf`121 w(2+2(

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znlnubufdh adhusd`, qnbqdhb`fuv bhe usnn ebkbln( Blsdjdsnqusv qvqunkq , ( Umn sd`n dj blsdjdsnqusv fh fhe~qusfb`fne hbufdhq? umn qd~umnsh mnkfqwmnsn wnsqwnaufzn |fum qwnafb`

nkwmbqfq dh B~qusb`fb bhe Hn| _nb`bhe( Blsdjdsnqusv qvqunkq , 12-3&, w(251+2>:(

Knsdu, Wmf`fwwn 2666( Umn fh~nhan dj mnelnsd| qvqunkq dh umn mvesd`dlv dj blsfa~`u~sb` abuamknhuq fh b unkwnsbun

a`fkbun( Blsdhdkfn 26-=&, w(:>>+::6(

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qmn`unscn`u kden`fhl qvqunk( Fh Nad`dlfab` cbqfq dj blsdjdsnqusv neq -Cbufqm, E&( Cdab Sbudh J@? ASA Wsnqq(

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unkwnsbun Hdsum Bknsfab( Ud|bse Blsdjdsnqusv Enqflh, w(35(

En Kdh ubse, J(](, M( Sbwnv, M(, En`wv, S( bhe Kbq qnv, W( 266=( Adkwnufufdh jds flmu, |buns bhe hfusdlnh fh bh bqqdafbufdh

dj mbn` -Adsv`~q bzn``bhb @(& bhe adaiqjddu -Ebauv`fq l`dknsbub @(&( Blsdjdsnqusv qvqunkq, 51-2&, w(21>+2>7(

Kdsfqdh, O(F(@(, Cbins, H(S(, K~``fhnb~}, W(K( bhe Ebzfnq, \(O( 377=( Fkwsdzfhl |buns ~qn fh asdw wsde~aufdh( Wmf`dqdwmfab`

Usbhqbaufdhq dj umn Sdvb` Qdafnuv C? Cfd`dlfab` Qafnhanq, 1:1-2562&, w(:16+:>=(

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L(S(, Inhedh, N(O (, Cnuuq, S( B(, Csd|h, Q(O(, Md |bse, U( W(, M~kwmsnv, I( B(, KaAbsumv, K( W(, KaEdhb`e ,

S( N(, Qunwm nhq, B(, \b``ban, A (, \bssnh, S( bhe \f`cv, S(, \dde, S( B( -3776& , I A`f kbun Wsd onaufdhq

QafnhanSnwdsu?A`fkbunambhlnwsdonaufdhq(KnuDjanMbe`nvAnhusn,N}nuns(Bzbf`bc`nbu?muuw?$$

~ia`fkbunwsdonaufdhq(enjsb(ldz(~i$YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2172(wej YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2(

Hfqcnu, U( 377>( \buns qn Cv usnnq( Bzbf`bc`n bu? |||(jdsnqusnqnbsam(ldz(~i$js$fhje+:kzo=c YBaanqqne B~l~qu 3, 3722[(

Hfqcnu, U(, Qf`lsbk, K(, Qmbm, H(, Kdssd|, I(, bhe C sdbeknbed|, Q( -3722& \dde`bhe jds \buns? \dde`bhe knbq ~snq jds

knnufhl \buns Jsbkn|dsi Efsnaufzn dconaufznq( Jdsnqu Snqnbsam Kdhdlsbwm, 5, Jdsnqu Snqnbsam, Q~ssnv, 2>:ww

Bzbf`bc`n bu? |||(jdsnqusnqnbsam(ldz(~i$wej$JSKL775T\dde`bhe5\buns(wej$ YBaanqqne B~l~qu 2=,3722[(

H~cnsl, F( 266=( Njjnau dj qmn`uns dh unkwnsbun asdwq? b snzfn| ud enhn snqnbsam jds B~qusb`fbh adhefufdhq( Blsdjdsnqusvqvqunkq, 52-2&, w(1+15(

H~cnsl, F( I( bhe Kv`f~q, B(Q( 3773( Njjnau dj qmn`uns dh umn vfn`e bhe |buns ~qn dj |mnbu( B~qusb`fbh Od~shb` dj N}wnsfknhub`

Blsfa~`u~sn, 53, w(

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Snjnsnhanq

56

Umdkwqdh,OB(,Ifhl,I(B(,Qkfum,M(bheUfjh377===TJSB(

edaYBaanqqne B~l~qu =, 3722[(

U~nu, B( bhe \f qdh, O(E( 377-1+5&, w(26>+37>(

Zbh ens \nsj, \(, Innqkbh, I(, C~slnqq, W(, Lsbznq, B(, Wf cnbk, E(, Fhad` , @(, Knuqn`bbs, I(, Kbv~q, K(, Qu bwwnsq, S(, zbh In~`nh,

M(, Wb`kb, O(, bhe E~wsb, A(, 377( Kden`fhl umn fkwbau dj umn qwbufb` qus~au~sn dj b mneln

hnu|dsi dh umn mvesd`dlv dj b q kb`` abuamknhu fh b unkwnsbun a`fkbun( Blsfa~`u~sb` \buns Kbhblnknhu, +2:1(

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w(3 w( 11>+15:(

\fqnkbh, L(, Idsu , O( bhe \b`ins, E( 3776(R~bhufabufdh dj qmn`unscn`u ambsbaunsfqufaq ~qfhl mflm+snqd`~ufdh fkblnsv(

Blsfa~`u~sn, Nadqvqunkq * Nhzfsdhknhu, 212 -2+3&, w(222+22, 3722[(

Umn \dde`bhe Us~qu, hdu ebunec( Usnn w`bhufhl bhe |dde`bhe asnbufdh jds jbskq( Bzbf`bc`n bu?

|||(|dde`bheus~qu(dsl(~i$nh$abkwbflhfhl$d~s+zfn|q+bhe+wd`fav$blsfa~`u~sn$Eda~knhuq$usnnq+jds+jbskq+

eda~knhu(wej YBaanqqne Qnwunkcns :, 3722[(

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Wbsi, O(, Hn|kbh, Q(K( bhe Ad~qfhq, Q(M( 2665( Umn njjnauq dj wdw`bs -W( usfamdabswb en`udfenq& dh qdf` cfd`dlfab` wsdwnsufnq

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rkqadu`bhe(ad(~i$fhen}(wmw4dwufdh;adkTsnkdqfudsv*j~ha;qubsued|h*fe;-3+1&, w(26>+377(

Qfccb`e,B(,Lsfjumq,O(bheN`qudh,E(2662(Umn njjnauq dj umn wsnqnhan dj |fen`v qwbane adhfjnsq dh ~hens+qudsnv mnscblnwsde~aufdh fh umn I( Jdsnqu Nad`dlv bhe Kbhblnknhu, 5>-2+5&, w(

8/2/2019 Managing the Drought

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Kbhblfhl umn esd~lmu Bwwnhef}

>2

Bwwnhef}22

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Umn \dde`bhe Us~qu, Inkwudh \bv, Lsbhumbk, @fhad`hqmfsn HL12 :@@(Umn \dde`bhe Us~qu fq b ambsfuv snlfqunsne fh Nhl`bhe bhe \b`nq hd( 365155 bhe fh Qadu`bhe hd( QA71===>(

Bhdh+wsdukbifhladkwbhv`fkfunecvl~bsbhunn(SnlfqunsnefhNhl`bhehd(26=3=