managing vineyard diseases and pests anne demarsay and joseph a. fiola maryland cooperative...
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Managing Vineyard Managing Vineyard Diseases and PestsDiseases and Pests
Anne DeMarsay and Joseph A. Anne DeMarsay and Joseph A. FiolaFiola
Maryland Cooperative Extension, Maryland Cooperative Extension, Western RegionWestern Region
Keedysville, MarylandKeedysville, Maryland
IIntegrated ntegrated CCrop rop MManagementanagement Elements of ICMElements of ICM
– Plant virus-free vines of disease-Plant virus-free vines of disease-resistant varietiesresistant varieties
– Use good cultural practicesUse good cultural practices Bio-renovation/perennial weed controlBio-renovation/perennial weed control Canopy managementCanopy management SanitationSanitation Prevent winter injury to vinesPrevent winter injury to vines
– Use biological control of pests Use biological control of pests where possiblewhere possible
– Use chemical controls appropriate Use chemical controls appropriate to diseases and peststo diseases and pests
Bio-renovation ProgramBio-renovation Program
Start in the spring Start in the spring 2 years2 years before planting before planting vinesvines
ObjectivesObjectives– Increase organic matterIncrease organic matter in soil to improve in soil to improve
fertility (nitrogen content and nutrient-holding fertility (nitrogen content and nutrient-holding capacity) and efficacy of herbicidescapacity) and efficacy of herbicides
– Reduce/eliminate residual herbicidesReduce/eliminate residual herbicides– Reduce pathogenic nematodes Reduce pathogenic nematodes to protect roots to protect roots
and avoid transmission of virusesand avoid transmission of viruses– Control perennial weedsControl perennial weeds
Nematode TestingNematode Testing Nematode testingNematode testing services available from services available from
the Plant Nematology Laboratory, Univ. of the Plant Nematology Laboratory, Univ. of MD, College ParkMD, College Park– Forms available from county Extension office Forms available from county Extension office
or Plant Nematology Laboratory or Plant Nematology Laboratory – Instructions for sampling at Instructions for sampling at
http://nematology.umd.eduhttp://nematology.umd.edu
Plant Pathogenic NematodesPlant Pathogenic Nematodes
© CABI Bioscience, Egham, UK, 2004
Sourced from www.cabi-bioscience.org
Stylet on root-feeding nematode
Courtesy U. Wyss, used by permission of the Society of NematologistsSourced from http://www.apsnet.org
Dagger nematode feeding on a fig root
Nematode DamageNematode Damage
LeftLeft: grapevine roots : grapevine roots damaged by lesion damaged by lesion nematodesnematodes
RightRight: a healthy root : a healthy root systemsystem
©Howard Ferris, 1999. Used by permission of author. Sourced from: http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/Nemaplex
Benefits of Canopy Benefits of Canopy ManagementManagement
Good canopy management promotes early Good canopy management promotes early ripening ripening ANDAND decreases fungal diseases of fruit decreases fungal diseases of fruit
– Allows sunlight to penetrate canopyAllows sunlight to penetrate canopy– Increases air circulation and decreases humidity in Increases air circulation and decreases humidity in
canopycanopy– Promotes early drying of leaves and clusters after Promotes early drying of leaves and clusters after
dew or raindew or rain
Avoid excessive fertilizationAvoid excessive fertilization, which can make , which can make canopy management more difficultcanopy management more difficult
Chemical Disease ControlChemical Disease Control
Chemical controls are effective for many Chemical controls are effective for many fungal diseases but not bacterial or viral fungal diseases but not bacterial or viral diseasesdiseases
For maximum effectiveness:For maximum effectiveness:– Identify the disease and choose the right Identify the disease and choose the right
productproduct– Follow the label—the label is the law!Follow the label—the label is the law!– Timing is criticalTiming is critical
Chemical Disease Control
Monitor weather conditions as well as crop phenology and adjust your spray schedule as needed
Chemical Disease Control
Buy the right sprayer and maintain it carefully
Calibrate your sprayer at the beginning of the season
Use the right nozzles and pressure for good canopy penetration
Use adequate spray volume for thorough coverage
Avoid drift
Pathogens of Grapes
Bacteria (crown gall, Pierce’s disease)
Fungi (powdery mildew)
Viruses (leafroll, tomato ringspot decline)
Phytoplasmas (grapevine yellows)
Major Fungal Diseases of Grape
Powdery mildew
Black rot
Phomopsis cane & leaf spot (and fruit rot)
Downy mildew
Botrytis bunch rot
Lesions on shoot and rachis
Lesions on young leaf (left) and older leaf (right)
Photos: Midwest Grape Production Guide, Ohio State University Extension Bulletin 919, Columbus, Ohio, 2005, p. 71.
Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot
Downy Mildew
Young “oil spot” lesions on upper leaf surfaces
Photo: J. Pscheidt, by permission. From http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/
Botrytis Bunch Rot
Sporulation on leaf lesion
Shoot infection
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Botrytis Bunch Rot
Photos: (L) Turner B. Sutton, by permission; (R) APS Small Fruit Digital Image Collection
Insect Pest ManagementInsect Pest Management Take action against an insect pest only after:Take action against an insect pest only after:
– You are certain the insect is presentYou are certain the insect is present– The insect poses a threat to your crop The insect poses a threat to your crop
Action thresholdAction threshold: the pest density that requires : the pest density that requires control to avoid economic damagecontrol to avoid economic damage
Monitoring methodsMonitoring methods– ScoutingScouting– TrappingTrapping
Know the insect’s life cycle and activity inKnow the insect’s life cycle and activity inrelation to vine phenologyrelation to vine phenology
Insect Control Options
Mating disruption with pheromones
Mass trapping, with or without pheromones
Parasitism/predation by natural enemies
Insecticides
Pest Management Spray Programfor a Non-Bearing Vineyard
Timing Target Materials
New shoots(start at ½ -1”)
Every 10 days(3 sprays)
Powdery mildew Mancozeb plus a PM fungicide (sulfur, oil, an SI, Quintec, Endura)
Pre-bloom to post-bloom
Every 10 days(3 sprays)
Powdery mildewDowny mildew
Mancozeb plus a PM fungicide (sulfur, an SI, Quintec, Endura)
Pest Management Spray Programfor a Non-Bearing Vineyard
Timing Target Materials
Cover sprays
Every 14-21days until frost
Powdery mildew Downy mildew
Japanese beetle*
Captan or a phosphite plus a PM fungicide (sulfur, an SI, Quintec, Endura)
*Add Sevin to Jul-early Aug sprays (1 or 2)
ReferencesReferences A Pocket Guide for Grape IPM Scouting in the North Central & A Pocket Guide for Grape IPM Scouting in the North Central &
Eastern U.S.Eastern U.S.
Guidelines for Developing an Effective Fungicide Spray Guidelines for Developing an Effective Fungicide Spray Program for Wine Grapes in Maryland, 2008 Program for Wine Grapes in Maryland, 2008 (April 2008)—(April 2008)—section on non-bearing vineyardssection on non-bearing vineyards
Home Fruit Production Guide, MD EB 125. Home Fruit Production Guide, MD EB 125. Available for Available for $8.00+ S&H from UMD Home & Garden Info Center: $8.00+ S&H from UMD Home & Garden Info Center: www.hgic.umd.eduwww.hgic.umd.edu
Other University pest management guides (Cornell-Penn Other University pest management guides (Cornell-Penn State, Virginia Tech)—commercial and home gardeningState, Virginia Tech)—commercial and home gardening
Dr. Wayne Wilcox, Cornell—annual notes on disease controlDr. Wayne Wilcox, Cornell—annual notes on disease control
APS APS Compendium of Grape DiseasesCompendium of Grape Diseases
Anne DeMarsay, Ph.D.Specialist in Fruit PathologyMaryland Cooperative ExtensionCentral Maryland REC—Upper Marlboro 2005 Largo RoadUpper Marlboro, MD 20774-8508Phone: (301) 627-8440
Email: [email protected]
Got a Question?Got a Question?