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8/14/2019 Manda Manuela - Engl

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STUDY REGARDING THE ACLIMATISATION OF

SOME PLANTS OF DECORATIVE INTEREST FROM THE

SPECIFICAL FLORA OF OLTENIA

STUDIU PRIVIND ACLIMATIZAREA UNOR PLANTE DE INTERES

DECORATIV DIN FLORA SPONTANA A OLTENIEI

MANDA MANUELA, CARMEN NICU, DOINA ANTON

Universitatea din Craiova Fa!"#tatea de Horti!"#t"ra

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous flora is a source of plants with decorative qualities which can be

cultivated, in respect of ecology, in the individual gardens and green areas

around houses in urban and rural areas, having some special agro biologicalfeatures (ecologic plasticity, high rustic character etc). The introduction ofnew ornamental species of the spontaneous flora represents an important

purpose in the sustainable development context.This paper presents the partial results regarding the behaviour of some

spontaneous species which have decorative features from the spontaneousflora, studied with a view to their possibilities of acclimatization in field (in

different light conditions) and in greenhouses (inpots or directly in theground).

fter a year, a big part from the species introduced in the study weremaintained in the experimental field, and some of them acted as good both

outside and inside. t the colected species there were made descriptive papers,were established the decorative elemens, at the end of the study, there will be

established the utilisation directions.

REZUMAT

!lora spontana este o sursa de plante cu calitati decorative, care pot fi

cultivate, respectand ecologia, in gradinile individuale si in spatiile verzi dinmediul urban si rural, avand unele caracteristici agrobiologice deosebite

(plasticitate ecologica, rusticitate ridicata, etc). "ntroducerea de noi speciidecorative din flora spontana in peisa#ul urban, reprezinta un obiectiv

important in contextul dezvoltarii durabile.

$ucrarea de fata prezinta rezultatele partiale privind comportarea unor speciispontane cu potential decorativ din punct de vedere al posibilitatilor deaclimatizare %n camp (in diferite conditii de lumina) sau %n spa&ii prote#ate (in

ghivece sau la solul serei).'upa un an, o mare parte din speciile introduse %n studiu au fost mentinute in

campul de experimentare, iar cateva sau comportat bine atat in exterior cat siin interior. $a speciile colectate sau intocmit fise de descriere, sau stabilit

elementele decorative %n func&ie de care, se vor stabili directiile de utilizare.

INTRODUCTION

An important direction in floriculture is the diversification of the

assortment, the introduction of new species and cultivars; this can be done both

by classical research programmes and by introducing new species from the

spontaneous flora, which have decorative features and high adaptability to


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environment conditions, an important feature in the sustainable development

context.

Of the over 3000 spontaneous species existing in Romanias flora, more

than !00 species can be used in green areas, along with plants already cultivated

for decorative purpose. "iocarlan *., +#.On international level there are multiple studies regarding the

diversification of the decorative plants assortment by introducing in culture of

some herbaceous species from the spontaneous flora, as well as setting$up other

ways to use them. "%ei&o 'oester $ (00), *aloupa +. si col.$(00!, oordegraaf

-.. $(00!, %alevy A.%. $(00!, -himonidou /. si col.$(00!#.

Also in Romania, at the %orticulture aculty from the main universities, it

is shown a special interest to identify, preserve and development, with ornamental

purpose, species from spontaneous flora, even if at present the researches

underta&en in this direction are very few.

1his paper has as a purpose the identification of some spontaneous specieswith decorative features and the research regarding their development in different

crop conditions, for the assessment of their adaptation to the antropic and

environment factors, specific to the urban aggregations.

MATERIAL AND METHODThis paper presents the partial results, obtained in the first year, at the

acclimatization in field or in protected spaces of some spontaneous species whichhave decorative features.

The colecting, identification and description were made in collaboration withthe collective from the Botany discipline as part of the Horticulture Faculty.

The biological material was represented by 10 species of spontaneous floraArabis procurrens !aldst. " #it., Asarum europaeum $., Asplenium adianthum-nigrum $.,Asplenium ruta-muraria L., A. Scolopendrium L., A. trichomanes subsp.quadrivalens, Blechnum spicant L., Luzula luzuloides %$am& 'andy " !ilmott,Polypodium vulgare L., Saxiraga cuneiolia subsp. !obusta .

The plants were collected, together with their ground bed and weretransplanted in the didactic station of the department of Floriculture in differentconditions in the field %roc(s in different light conditions& and in greenhouse %inpotsor directlyin the ground&.

The used substrates were determined on the basis of the soil tests performedaccording to plants) demands, indicated by the speciality literature.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSrom 2une to eptember (004 there were transplanted in the experimental

field the following species from spontaneous flora5

1. Arabis procurrens 6aldst. 7 'it. $ am.-rassicaceae.

8erennial plant; the stal& is upright or ascending, at the base with numerous

t$in, whitish, procumbent, finished in rosette of leaves procumbent stal&s. 1he

rosettes leafs are obovat elongated, at the top with a small mucron, stal& leaves,

($), are ovoid or lanceolate ellipticals, with the base narrow, without leafstal&.1he inflorescence is a bunch. 6hite petals of )$90 mm length. :t prefers reven

grounds, but it also tolerates drought, sunny exposition or semi$shade.


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1he material has been collected from the stones, from -limneomes. 1he

leaves are reniform, glossy, dar& green, of 90 cm height. 1he leaves are produced

in pairs and the small, greenish$brown drooping flowers are rarely noticed, being

hidden by the foliage. :t prefers soils full of nutritive substances, wea& acid$

neutrofil, full of humus, damp, and they allow the shading.

1he material has been collected from the me>ofil forrest from ?unca

2iului, @ucovat "/ol#.

:t is decorative through its leaves, can be used for soils garnishing in the

dar& places from the gardens, par&s and, where it forms compact carpets "even in

the cold season#, easy to maintain.. europaeum combines nicely with bleedingheart "'icentra# and other shade$loving plants.

'& Aspenium a!ian"#um$ni%rum L& "@lac& spleenwort# $ am.

spleniaceae

8erennial plant, with rhi>omes, of 90"B0# cm height with fronds ($3

pinnatisect, long acuminate, a bright green and a brown petiole. 1he primar

segments are aproximately streight, and the last ovat$eliptice segments have a

round base. ilicic roc&s and walls, can be found in forests, roc&y places; it

prefers wet soils.

1he material has been collected from the stones, -limne


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8erennial species, !$9! cm height, the leaves are simple pinnate divided,stems brownish$blac&, shiny and leaflets oblong$rounded, easy dental, mostly

colored in green. upports large oscillations of the water, prefers half$shade, soilreaction of strongly acid$acid, but also tolerates slightly calcareous soils.

1he material has been collected from the stones, -limneome, which develops compound

leaves, pinnatisect to pinnatifid, 90$(! cm long, persistent, deeply divided, lacy,

green. :t is a rustic fern, prefers partial shade, a neutral or slightly acidic soils,

increases especially among stones or on the roc&s, at altitudes of above E00 m.

1he material has been collected from the stones from R=nca *ountain

and also from -limne


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1he acclimati>ation of the species described in different crop conditions.

1he plantation of the ten spontaneous species,in the field and in protected

places was made with an ballot of earth all around the roots. After an year from

plantation, the percentage of rooting of all the species was established, depending

of the conditions of the crop such as the directions of using in decorativepurpouse. "ig. 9#

:n the case of plants transplanted on the greenhouse soil the acclimati>ation

occurred in 4 of the 90 species that have been studied; of which the best adapted

species wasrabis procurens"G!H# followed bysplenium trichomanes")EH#

and as sarum europaeum ")EH#. 8lant which have not acclimati>ed on the

greenhouse soil are splenium scolopendrium, -lechnum spicant and ?u>ula

lu>uloides.

After transplanting into pots there have been obtained very good results,

from this point of view, for the maority of the species $ rabis procurrens

"900H#, $uzula luzuloides "900H#, splenium trichomanes "G0H#, Saxifragacuneifolia "G0H#, splenium rutamuraria ")!H#, with the exception of the

splenium adianthumnigrumspecies, whose acclimati>ation was difficult in all

of the four locations.

0

*0

+0

,0

-0

100

1*0

Arabis

procurrens

Asarum

europaeum

Asplenium

adianthum-

nigrum

Asplenium ruta

muraria

Asplenium

scolopendrium

Asplenium

trichomanes

Blechnum

spicant

Luzula

luzuloides

Polypodium

vulgare

Saxifraga

cuneifolia

.era sol .era ghiveci .tancarie semiumbra .tancarie umbra

Fig.1 The acclimatization of some spontaneous species in different crop conditions

:n the field, according to the reCuirements of the plants, there have beenchosen two exhibitions in the shade and semi$shade, in arranged roc&s, it has been

found that 4 from the 90 species have acclimati>ed to the low light, and ) to the

shade.

1here are found, none the less, large differences regarding the percentage

of acclimati>ation; thus, for both situations the behaviour was shown by

splenium trichomanes"900H#, Saxifraga cuneifolia"900H to )4H#;splenium

Scolopendriumhas not maintained in none of the two locations, and species li&e

as sarum europaeum, splenium adianthumnigrum, have acclimati>ed in low

percentage in the arranged roc&s in the shadow.

@ased on the observations made in this stage, we consider that the species

rabis procurrens, splenium ruta muraria, splenium trichomanes, -lechnum

spicant, $uzula luzuloides, /olypodium vulgare, Saxifraga cuneifolia, are suitable


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for arranged roc&s in shade conditions or semi$shade; rabis procurrnes for

borders, splenium scolopendrium, splenium trichomanes, $uzula luzuloides,

Saxifraga cuneifoliacan be used as pot plants or in different combinations, and

the small si>e and low growth, as are splenium ruta muraria, Saxifraga

cuneifoliaandsplenium trichomanesfor container minigardens.1he presence of these plants in arranged roc&s or container minigardens,

can give a almost natural loo& to the composition.

CONCLUSIONSrom the description of the species ta&en into study it apears that they are

perennial and the higher maority have in common modest reCuirements regarding

temperature, light and soil fertility.

*ost of the studied species have shown a good or very good behaviour in

the field as well as in the greenhouse, in at least ( locations.

Out of the anali>ed species the best re>ults came from splenium ruta muraria,

splenium trichomanes, /olypodium vulgare and Saxifraga cuneifolia, which

have acclimati>ed in all of the four crop conditions.

1he wea&est behaviour has been noticed at splenium scolopendium,

which has acclimati>ed in the greenhouse only as a pot plant, as well as from

splenium adianthumnigrum, species which re>isted in low proportion only on

the greenhouse soil and in the roc&s, in shade conditions.

BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. Beldie Al., 1/, 1// "lora !om#niei - determinator ilustrat al plantelor vasculare.2ol. 3, 33. Bucure4ti 5d. 6cademiei 7om8ne.

*. Ciocarlan V., *000 "lora ilustrata a !omaniei. Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta.5ditura 9eres, Bucuresti.

:. Heiko Koester, *00- $ative plants and urban sustainability, ;ative

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