MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINYHow does America expand from How does America expand from

“Sea to Shining Sea”?“Sea to Shining Sea”?

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

• Manifest Destiny: US was destined (God’s will) to expand to the Pacific Ocean

• As population expands, Americans look west.• People moved for…

1) Land2) Business Opportunity

3)Escape religiousPersecution (Mormons)

• Westbound Travelers used Indian trade routes:• 1) Oregon Trail – from Missouri to Oregon• 2) California trial – broke off from Oregon trail to Sutter’s Mill• 3) Santa Fe Trail – from Missouri to New Mexico• 4) Mormon Trail – Led by Joseph Smith & later Brigham Young.

Mormons headed to Utah

Texas Independence

• 1820: Americans settle in Spanish Texas • 1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain, Mexico

welcomes Americans (economic growth & stability)• 1830: More Americans than Mexicans in the territory, American

settlers & Mexicans clash over slavery

• 1835: Stephen Austin starts Texas independence movement

• Mexican Pres. Santa Anna sends army to stop Austin’s mvmnt

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

• 1836: 100 American rebels enter the Alamo, Santa Anna’s troops attack, Santa Anna finally wins 13 days later

• Santa Anna has Alamo survivors executed (incl. D. Crockett)• In response, Sam Houston & the rebels capture Santa Anna,

forcing him to sign the Treaty of VelascoTreaty of Velasco• Texas gets independence, Houston becomes President of

Republic of Texas

Alamo Film ClipsAlamo Film Clips

1. How does Santa Anna treat the captured American militia men? What could be a problem about the way he treated them?

2. Why does Santa Anna want to take the Alamo immediately?

Why does he see this battle as so important for Mexico? 3. Despite being outnumbered by the Mexican Army, describe

how the Texans inside of the Alamo do in battle? 4. After defeating the Texans at the Alamo, describe how many

Texans like Davey Crockett were still defiant? How does Santa

Anna react to this defiance? 5. What inspires the Texans to keep fighting? Explain if their

inspiration is successful? What is the fate of Santa Anna?

Mexican-American War• Pres. Polk (pro-slavery) wants Texas to join US, Texas does• Texas & Mexico having a dispute over borders (page 134)• Polk proposes new borders and wants Mexico to sell New

Mexico & California – Mexico refuses• 1845: Small fights breakout on Texas-Mexico border, Polk asks

for declaration of war

Results of the WarResults of the War

• 1846: American settlers seize Sonoma, declare Republic of California, w/ help of American troops Mexico beaten in CA

• Mexico loses war, signs Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)• Treaty gives US land to Pacific, US will pay $15 million for land• 5 yrs later, Gadsden Purchase & Oregon allow more expansion• 1848: Gold found in California, 49ers begin mining gold• CA economy booming! “Go West Young Man” is new slogan