Manifest Destiny

• The belief that the US was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into the Mexican Territory.

• We believed that it was our God given right.

Temperance Movement

• The effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol.

• Many felt that society would improve if alcohol was removed.

Who supported the temperance movement?

• Women

• Industrial Leaders

• Religious Leaders

Abolitionism

• The social movement to end slavery in the south.

• Was popular in the North.

• Most supporters were middle class from New England.

Frederick Douglass

• Runaway slave who become the most powerful speaker against slavery.

• William Lloyd Garrison– Created the abolitionist news paper the Liberator.

Sarah & Angelina Grimke

• Began as abolitionists.

• Moved into women’s rights when men told them that abolition work was for men.

Educational Reform

• Horace Mann wanted both boys and girls to have access to public education.– He thought it was important for the success of

democracy.

Seneca Falls Convention

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott hold a women’s rights convention.

• Stated many of the same points mentioned in the Declaration of independence.

• Equal rights and suffrage.

WHAT WERE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH?

North

• 90% of nations industry• Around 75% of Railroads• Most immigrants moved to North• Opposed slavery– Morally wrong– Did not want to spread to North– Workers could not compete with slavery

South

• Remained a rural society.• Southerners still mainly used rivers for

transportation.• Few immigrants moved south because there

was no demand for labor (because of slavery).

Wilmot Proviso

• Proposed amendment to prohibit slavery in newly acquired Mexican territories.

• Passed the House but rejected by the Senate.• Slavery becomes a bigger political topic.

California

• Gold rush brought necessary population to apply for statehood.

• Applied to be a free state.• Alarmed south because most of state was

below 36”30’ line.• President Taylor supported California.• Southerners began talking secession.

Compromise of 1850

1. California would become a Free state.2. Mexican Cession would be divided into Utah

and New Mexico and slavery will be determined by popular sovereignty.

3. Ban on slavery in Washington D.C..4. A new strictly enforced fugitive slave law.

Underground Railroad

• Secret network of tunnels, trails, and safe houses that helped slaves escape to the North.

• Harriet Tubman was the most famous conductor of the RR.– She helped about 300 slaves escape.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Portrayed the real slave experience.– The harsh, cruel conditions that slaves had to

endure.• Led to larger scale protests by abolishionists.

Kansas and Nebraska Act

• Proposed by IL Senator Stephen Douglas.• Wanted a RR built through IL (increase value

of his land).– Needs southern support

• Divided Nebraska Territory into Nebraska and Kansas. Slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty.

• Violated Missouri Compromise.

Bleeding Kansas

• Supporters from both the North and South poured into Kansas to try and influence the vote.

• Proslavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton and antislavery supporters set up a government in Topeka

• Violence erupted throughout the state

Bleeding Kansas

• John Brown was an abolitionist who believed God wanted him to fight slavery.– Led a raid into proslavery are and killed five

proslavery men.– Pottawatomie Massacre

• About 200 people were killed in violence.

Election of 1856

• Republicans nominate John C. Fremont of California.– Platform: No expansion of slavery, protective

tariffs, and internal improvements.• Democrats nominate James Buchanan of

Pennsylvania.– Platform: Slavery is not an issue for the US

government.

Election of 1856

• Know-Nothings nominated former president Millard Fillmore.– Platform: Against new immigration and against

Catholics • Most new immigrants were Catholic.

Dred Scott

• Scott was a slave belonging to an army officer. He had been taken from MO to the free territory of Wisconsin and moved back to MO.

• His lawyers that he lived in a free territory so that made him a free man.

• Supreme Court was made up of mainly southerners.

Dred Scott

• Courts Decision:– He had no right to sue because he was not a

citizen.– Congress could not deprive any person of their

property without due process of law.– Ruled that the Missouri Compromise was

unconstitutional.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Stephan Douglas running for reelection to the Senate (IL)

• Lincoln spoke out against slavery and said the nation could not survive divided.

• Freeport Doctrine: Douglas supported popular sovereignty which contradicts the Dred Scott decision.

• Helps him win the election but losses support among Souhterns.

John Brown-Harpers Ferry

• Led a small band of followers into Virginia and attacked a federal arsenal.

• He wanted to arm the slaves so they could revolt.

• Brown was caught by US military (led by Lee) and was hanged.

• Southerners thought it was proof that the North was planning to support more revolts.

Election of 1860

• Republican: Abe Lincoln• Northern Democrat: Stephen Douglas • Southern Democrat: John Breckinridge• Constitutional Union: John Bell

• Split Democrat cost them election…Lincoln wins.

Southern Secession

• Southern states began to secede from the Union after Lincoln was elected.

• Jefferson Davis was elected leader of the Confederate States of America.