manifest destiny westward expansion. manifest destiny the belief that the united states was meant to...
TRANSCRIPT
MANIFEST DESTINY
WESTWARD EXPANSION
MANIFEST DESTINY
The belief that the United States was meant to span from sea to sea
POLITICAL
NATIONALISM- Americans loved their country. Spread democracy from sea to shining sea!!
NATIONAL SECURITY- Feared we might be endangered by foreign powers. To conquer that fear, conquer more land!
BY FORCE- Expand across the continent. Use force if necessary to remove Indians & Mexicans.
ECONOMIC FAMILY FARMERS- Dreamed of owning own farms. Frontier
land was cheap and sometimes free!!
BUSINESSMEN- Non-farmers could start their own business
UNEMPLOYED- When faced with unemployment in cities, they were advised: “Go West young man!”
SOUTHERN SLAVEHOLDERS- Soil in plantations were depleted of minerals. Land ownership associated with wealth and political power.
SEA MERCHANTS- Merchants on the East Coast wanted to trade with countries in the Pacific.
SOCIAL RELIGIOUS MISSION- America was destined by God to
expand its borders.
WHITE SUPREMACY- White man had the right to destroy anything and anyone who got in the way. (Indians & Mexicans)
PROGRESS- Could make better use of the land than those who occupied it. Brought GOD, technology, and civilization.
OUTLET FOR POPULATION- Population increase due to a high birth rate and immigration. Between 1820 & 1850, 4 million moved West!
DONE IN STAGES Up to 1776 East Coast Colonies
After 1783 E. of Mississippi R. Treaty of Paris
After 1787 Great Lakes & Ohio R. Valley Ordinance of 1787
After 1803 Mississippi R. Valley Louisiana Purchase
After 1819 Gulf of Mexico War of 1812 / Treaty 1819
After 1835 Oregon The Oregon Trail
After 1848 California Gold Rush / 49’ers
After 1860 The Great Plains Homestead Act of 1862
Louisiana Purchase
Famous Explorers
Lewis & Clark (1804) President Jefferson sent them to explore the
Louisiana Territory They explored 8,000 miles Sacakawea became their guide US would claim Oregon
Explorers…
Zebulon Pike (1806) Expeditioner, explorer, and hunter A frontier businessman! Climbed the Rockies
• These were his favorite!• “Pike’s Peak” named after him
DONE IN STAGES Up to 1776 East Coast Colonies
After 1783 E. of Mississippi R. Treaty of Paris
After 1787 Great Lakes & Ohio R. Valley Ordinance of 1787
After 1803 Mississippi R. Valley Louisiana Purchase
After 1819 Gulf of Mexico War of 1812 / Treaty 1819
After 1835 Oregon The Oregon Trail
After 1848 California Gold Rush / 49’ers
After 1860 The Great Plains Homestead Act of 1862
After the War Era of Good
Feelings 1815 to 1825 Time of peace, pride,
and progress Nationalism
Feelings of pride and loyalty to the nation
All good things must come to an end.
Read pages 302-303
Nationalism
On a notecard, draw an illustration of one of the following:Peace and prosperity in AmericaNational Bank issuing a single currencyEasy interstate tradeImprove roadsCanals
Sectionalism brought an end to Nationalism
Sectionalism intense loyalty to a
region due to differences regarding national issues
North vs. South vs. West
Issues Dividing the Nation States’ Rights Tariffs National Bank Internal Improvements Slavery
Admitting new states to the Union Slave state or free state Missouri Compromise
DONE IN STAGES Up to 1776 East Coast Colonies
After 1783 E. of Mississippi R. Treaty of Paris
After 1787 Great Lakes & Ohio R. Valley Ordinance of 1787
After 1803 Mississippi R. Valley Louisiana Purchase
After 1819 Gulf of Mexico War of 1812 / Treaty 1819
After 1835 Oregon The Oregon Trail
1846-1848 The Republic of Texas Mexican-American War
After 1848 California Gold Rush / 49’ers
Explorers…
Jim Bridger (1824) A trapper, hunter, fisher, & explorer Trail guide to the West Went out to find the ocean --
Came across a huge body of water
and mistook it for the Pacific. It
was actually the Great Salt Lake!
Explorers…
John C. Fremont (1840’s) Explored the region between the Rockies and the Pacific Ocean Created the 1st official map of the American West Nicknamed “The Pathfinder” Led 4 expeditions
• South Pass - mapped a plateau in the Rockies• Oregon Trail - Found a trail NW of Missouri River, across
Rockies, and into Oregon• Great Basin to the Pacific Coast• Try to find a RR route from Missouri to California - didn’t work!
WAR! The first major conflict driven by Manifest Destiny was
war with Mexico. Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
Polk wanted to seize large amounts of Mexican land. Offered to buy CA and NM for $20 million
• Mexico refused
*This is where the Battle of the Alamo comes in… Americans will win the war by occupying Mexico’s capital in Mexico City!
Other Land Expansions… Erie Canal (1825)
1000 laborers will dig by hand. 4 feet deep! Connected the North with the West. Revolutionized trade and transportation
California Gold Rush (1848) A saw mill was built for a man named Sutter. When milling, they found gold!
• Became known as Sutter’s Mill (near Sacramento, CA) In 1849, 80,000 prospectors (the 49’ers) showed up to mine
gold. • The settlers established towns and cities (boomtowns) and sped up
the drive for statehood.
Land Deals…
Gadsden Purchase (1853) The US bought a little strip of land from Mexico for
$10 million. It lies in southern Arizona and New Mexico. It was needed to build the southern route for the
transcontinental RR.
Communication in the West Transcontinental Telegraph (1861)
In 1860, the Pony Express was the best form of communication.
Employers wanted orphans (risky job) This only lasted 19 months! Replaced by the telegraph, which wasinvented by Samuel Morse
(think Morse Code!)
Travel in the West
Transcontinental Railroad (1869) Made settlement in the West much easier United the Central Pacific and Union Pacific
railways - Promontory Point, Utah• Where the 2 railroads met• A golden spike is driven
into the railway connecting
the two.