1. Seminar Topic MANIPULATION OF RUMEN MICROBIAL FERMENTATION BY USE OF MICROBIAL FEED ADDITIVES PRESENTER Shakira Ghazanfar PhD Scholar 24-12-2012 ISLAMABAD

2. Issues Late Maturity Low Milk Production Low Profitability (Afzal, 2007). 4 Causes Lack of use of microbial feed additives in animal feed (Thang, et al 2009). Imbalanced Feeding scheme to animals (Sarwar, 2010). Poor understanding of Microbial-Feed interaction (Marden et al., 2008) 3. INTRODUCTION Our economy is mainly dependent on agriculture. Livestock is second important sector of agriculture which accounts for 52.20 % of the agricultural GDP (Economic survey 2009-10). The country, at present contains 29.56 million cattle, and 27.30 million buffaloes (Livestock Census, 2006). Besides that, in Pakistan per head milk yield is still much less (30%) as compared to the milk production of dairy breeds of the developed world (Sarwar, 2010). 4. 6 Why Low Production?? The average age of puberty in animals is 34 months in Pakistan which is higher than (7 months) any exotic breed (Bhatti, 2007) Imbalanced feeding program has been identified as major cause of higher pubertal age resulting in low production in pakistan ( Jabbar et al., 2006). So far, little work has been done with an objective to reduce the pubertal age of animal by application of microbial feed additives (Jabbar , 2008). 5. Approaches to Resolve the Problems of Low Production 1. Understanding the Microbe-feed Interaction 2. Use of Microbial Feed Supplements 6. Ruminant Nutrition Host animal Feed Ruminal microflora 7. Main goal of dairy cow nutrition ensure OPTIMUM CONDITIONS for Rumen Microbial Fermentation 8. Summary 1. In ruminant increase in the microbial number in the rumen seems to be central to the action of the yeast. 2. More information is now needed on the mechanisms by which yeast stimulates productivity. 9. References: James B. Russell and J.L. Rychlik. 2001. Factors that alter rumen microbial ecology. Science 292:1119 J. Miron, D. Ben-Ghedalia and M. Morrison. 2001. Invited review: Adhesion mechanisms of rumen cellulolytic bacteria. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1294 Bryan A. White. 1991. Bichemistry and genetics of microbial degradation of the plant cell wall. Rec. Adv. on the Nutr. Herbivores. pp 217-225 J.L. Rychlik and J.B. Russell. 2002. Bacteriocin-like activity of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5 and its effect on other ruminal bacteria and ammonia production. Appl. And Environ. Microbiol. 68:1040 H. Krajcaraski-Hunt, J.C. Plaizier, J.-P. Walton, R. Spratt and B.W. McBride. 2002. Short communication: Effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on in situ fiber digestion in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:570 A.L. Oliver, R.J. Grant, J.F. Pedersen and J.O. ORear. 2004. Comparison of brown midrib-6 and -18 forage sorghum with conventional sorghum and corn silage in diets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:637