“man’s heart away from nature becomes hard.” -standing bear
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“Man’s heart away from Nature becomes hard.” -Standing Bear. Water is the Enemy. High volume and high velocity water must be taken into consideration in trail design Where other areas can get by with 10% grade, desert trails should aim for no more than 5-7%. Soils are Less Stable. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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““Man’s heart away from Man’s heart away from Nature becomes hard.”Nature becomes hard.”
-Standing Bear-Standing Bear
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Water is the EnemyWater is the Enemy
High volume and high velocity water must be taken into consideration in trail design
Where other areas can get by with 10% grade, desert trails should aim for no more than 5-7%
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Soils are Less StableSoils are Less Stable
• Sandy and rocky• Little clay• No organic binders• Low shear strength
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Design a Design a Positive Positive
ExperienceExperience
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Design For SafetyDesign For Safety
• Calming devices• Sight Lines• Appropriate
Width
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Protect ResourcesProtect Resources
• Habitat• Historical/Cultural• Trails that meet
needs
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Give ‘em What They Give ‘em What They Want!Want!
• Viewpoints• Loops• Places of interest
Or they will go there anyway!
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Make it Fun!Make it Fun!
• Contours, turns and dips
• Variety is the spice of trails
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Be ConsistentBe Consistent
• Sudden changes = bad
• Sudden changes without warning = very bad
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Safety FirstSafety First
• Calming devices can be fun
• Open sight lines• Wide at beginning• Wide on steep side slopes
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ConstructionConstruction
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Crossing DrainagesCrossing Drainages
• Check dams above and below
• Contour into large drainages
• Cross at a right angle
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Crossing Large Crossing Large DrainagesDrainages
• Build up with crib walls
• Direct flow to middle
• Downstream side higher
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Rocks RockRocks Rock
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MolarsMolars
• If placed by Nature they work well
• If placed by man, not so good
• If necessary, think big
• If not big, use several rocks to interlock
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Crib WallsCrib Walls
• Good when bedrock or big rocks make benching impossible
• Must be stable; pass the “jump test”
• The bigger the rocks the better…
• …But sometimes smaller rocks fit better
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Crib Wall ConstructionCrib Wall Construction
• On rocky side hills, let wall be above tread a few inches to hold soil
• When possible, weather side out
• Fill big to small
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ArmoringArmoring
• When all else fails…
• Leave an option for stock
• Find a molar
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Getting Water OffGetting Water Off
• Rolling grade dip, not so good
• Grade reversal is best
• Done properly, knicks work well
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DiversionsDiversions• Why wait?
Sometimes you can take the water off before it hits the trail
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OutslopeOutslope
• Aggressive is good (5-8%)
• Ankle roll test
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AestheticsAesthetics
• Build with a light touch
• The desert recovers slowly
• Make a new trail look old
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Aesthetics Tips 1Aesthetics Tips 1
• Take clippings out of sight, cut end away from trail
• Palo Verde branches can be put under another tree, cut end to trunk (1-2)
• Prune for a natural look• No hat racks• Rub dirt on fresh cut
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Aesthetics Tips 2Aesthetics Tips 2
• Work dirt lengthwise on trail to keep it from spreading downhill from tread
• Pile dirt in middle, then broadcast (far) or cart away
• Save rocks with weathered side above trail, place strategically after tread is done
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Aesthetics Tips 3Aesthetics Tips 3
• Rocks without weathered surfaces (excavated) should be out of sight
• If you mine rocks above the trail, cover holes (and slides) with weathered rocks
• After work is complete, look above and below for any construction debris, cuttings
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MaintenanceMaintenance
• No trail is maintenance-free, but sustainable trails require minimal work
• Walk completed trail several times to look for potential trouble spots
• Walk after first significant rain to check performance
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Thank You!!Thank You!!