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MANU EXPEDITIONS BIRDING AND WILDLIFE TOURS

The Mountains of Manu

Birding@ManuExpeditions.com

www.Birding-In-Peru.com

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A BIRDING TRIP REPORT FOR CUSCO AND MANU NATIONAL PARK

July 19th – 31st, 2018

Tour Leader: Gustavo Bautista

The Manu Biosphere Reserve has the highest diversity of life on Earth and is one of the most important conservation units in the world. The beauty of this trip is the variety of habitats visited ranging from orchid laden cloud forest where Spectacled Bears and Cock-of-the-Rocks still live unmolested, to untouched Amazon rainforest where 13 species of Monkey abound and Giant Otters still exist in the ox-bow lakes. Many feeding stations provide great photo opportunities

A trip to Manu is a trip to one of the world's great wilderness areas where wildlife is still plentiful and over 1000 species of birds have been recorded. We regularly photograph many species on this tour and often see Jaguar. Imagine birding on forest trails with mixed species flocks that might contain over 50 species and bumping into a troop of Peruvian Spider Monkeys around the corner, or quietly paddling on a catamaran on an Ox-bow Lake with Giant Otters and teeming lakeside birdlife!

This was a tough trip in many repects but we hope you all got something out of it

SOME BIRDING LOCALITIES IN CUSCO AND MANU NATIONAL PARK

Huacarpay Lakes: -13.6180268, -71.730423 Paucartambo: -13.31837, -71.59740 (2900m) Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road): -13.18687, -71.60091 Acjanaco Pass (Manu road): -13.19925, -71.6178 (3360m) Esperanza (Manu road): -13.177975, -71.60329 Pillahuata (Manu road): -13.1620833, -71.5945 Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road): -13.1577714, -71.5976 Buenos Aires area (Manu road): -13.1572177, -71.5881586 Rocotal area (Manu road): -13.10135, -71.569083 Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road): -13.07473, -71.55676 Manú Cloud Forest Lodge (1500-1700m) (Manu road): -13.07012, -71.56578 Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road): -13.0657106, -71.5617844 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge: -13.0558486, -71.5452057 (1300m) Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road): -13.02416, -71.49326 Quita Calzones bridge: -13.0273875, -71.4983153 (1000m) Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road): -13.03499, -71.52388

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Chontachaca (Manu road): -13.0275234, -71.4748463 Patria (600-900m) (Manu road): -12.97113, -71.42432 Pilcopata to Atalaya (500-600m) (Manu road): -12.90159, -71.38521 Amazonia Lodge: -12.87021, -71.37564 Manu Wildlife Center: -12.35545, -70.7064 Blanquillo Claylick: -12.4442778, -70.70425 Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake): -12.4305417,-70.6769371 Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake): -12.4047243,-70.7154751 Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center): -12.4050966, -70.7060367 Boca Colorado to Puerto Carlos: -12.9106551,-70.3593675

The Madre de Dios River

DAY BY DAY ACTIVITIES July 19th: We did a half day birding at Huacarpay lakes. July 20th: After an early breakfast at the Hotel we depart to our long but full of bird’s trip, on of the first stops are near Paucartambo and then continue up to Acjanaco pass, from here we birded all the way down to the Manu Paradise Lodge in between we have strategic stops to look for our targets and also have a picnic lunch along the Manu road. Overnight in Manu Paradise Lodge. July 21st: This day we had some bad weather but nevetheles lots of tanagers and hummingbirds attending the feeding station and feeders, we had about 50 species on this day, even though it was raining all day long. Overnight in Manu Paradise Lodge.

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July 22nd: The day was much better than yesterday and we went to the Andean Cock-of-the-rock Lek, and yes! we saw them dancing from the platform, we had a great show! After lunch we had a long trip on the way up, we arrived until the Pillahuata tunnels we were lucky, the sky was clear and had we had a great amount of Cotingas and we had an amazing long view of 2 pairs of Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucans eating some berries, we had great shots too! later on we continued birding the way down to the lodge. Overnight in Manu Paradise Lodge. July 23rd: We had an early breakfast and birded the lodge grounds and got ready to leave the lodge and continue going down the Manu road stopping in important hotspots along the way, the last car stop was Atalaya port, where we took our fluvial transportation that was already waiting for us to take us down the Madre de Dios river to get to Amazonia Lodge, arriving there in daylight we had a great number of hummingbird species we haven’t seen before and enjoy the day watching from the porch and walking nearby the lodge to visit a pond where lots of Hoatzins dwell. Overnight in Amazonia Lodge. July 24th-July 25th: Two full days in this lodge, we had plenty of activities here, we explored the floodplain trails and also get to see most of the birds that visit the garden everyday, there is plenty of activity in the garden, the next day we went up to the foothills and climbed up the 30m tower, there is a great view of the river a tree tops and had macaws flying close by and tanager flocks, the rest of the day we were walking different trails and looking for new hummingbirds that prefer interior flowers and feeders, in the night we went owling. Overnight in Amazonia Lodge. July 26th: Leaving after breakfast and after birding a bit more the garden. On this day we spend a lot of good time birding down the river ca. 6 to 8 hours (including stops) to get to the next lodge. We had about 70 bird species just along the river. We arrived in daylight. Overnight in Manu Wildlife Center. July 27th-July 31st: We spend 5 nights in this beautiful lodge that has an amazing trail system, there would be days where we leave the lodge to go tho the Blanquillo Claylick to watch the macaws, an spectacular event, other days we leave with the boat down river to visit two oxbow lakes Camungo and Blanco, one of them has a huge canopy tower, great for watching canopy activity, we visit these lakes in different days, nearby the Manu Wildlife Center Lodge there is a Canopy tower as well, which is good to visit any time, we have two owling days here, the last day which is the 31st we left early in the morning to go to Colorado Port and on to cross the Inambari river, on the other side of the river our private transportation was be waiting for us to take us to Puerto Maldonado city, and get to the airport to take our flight to Lima.

The Key to the Bird list

RR = Range restricted species (total range < 50.000 km2)

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E = Peruvian Endemic * = Heard Only

ca. = approximately IUCN RED LIST CATEGORY (2018) Critically endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable

THE BIRDLIST TINAMOUS Great Tinamou (Tinamus major) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Cinereous Tinamou (Crypturellus cinereus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Undulated Tinamou (Crypturellus undulatus) * Heard along the Madre de Dios river and at Blanquillo claylick. Black-capped Tinamou (Crypturellus atrocapillus) * At Amazonia Lodge. Bartlett's Tinamou (Crypturellus bartletti) * At Manu Wildlife Center. SCREAMERS Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta) Seen along the Madre de Dios river, Amazonia Lodge and at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).

Horned Screamers in Manu

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DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL Orinoco Goose (Oressochen jubatus) A pair seen along the Madre de Dios river. Yellow-billed Teal (Anas flavirostris) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and Paucartambo (town). The SACC says “Hellmayr & Conover (1948a) and many earlier classifications treated andium (Andean Teal) as a separate species from A. flavirostris. Many authors, from Meyer de Schauensee (1970) to Dickinson (2003), have treated andium as a subspecies of A. flavirostris. Anas andium was considered a separate species from Anas flavirostris by Ridgely et al. (2001), and this was followed by Hilty (2003). SACC proposal passed to recognize andium as separate species. 7 Jaramillo (2003) further suggested that the subspecies oxyptera may also deserve recognition as a separate species from A. flavirostris. Yellow-billed Pintail (Anas georgica) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Puna Teal (Spatula puna) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Andean Duck (Oxyura ferruginea) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Andean populations have often (e.g., Hellmayr & Conover 1948a, Siegfried 1976, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, AOU 1998, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Jaramillo 2003, del Hoyo & Collar 2014) been treated as a separate species, O. ferruginea ("Andean Duck" or "Andean Ruddy-Duck"). However, see Adams and Slavid (1984), Fjeldså (1986), McCracken & Sorenson (2005), and Donegan et al. (2015) for rationale for treating them as conspecific, as done previously (e.g., Blake 1977, Johnsgard 1979), and then followed by Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990), Carboneras (1992f), and Dickinson & Remsen (2013). Siegfried (1976) and Livezey (1995) considered ferruginea to be more closely related to O. vittata than to O. jamaicensis, but McCracken & Sorenson (2005) showed that this is incorrect. GUANS Speckled Chachalaca (Ortalis guttata) Fairly commom species from the foothills down to the Amazon. Andean Guan (Penelope montagnii) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road) and Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Penelope was the wife of the hero Odysseus in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of Icarius and Periboea. Penelope had managed to keep all of her suitors at bay. She had told them she would choose a suitor once she finished weaving a burial shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes; however, every night, she would undo part of the shroud. Her plan was revealed by one of her servants, Melantho. Penelope eventually appeared in front of the suitors and said that she would marry the suitor that would be able to

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string Odysseus' bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads. She already knew that this was a task that only her husband would have been able to achieve. None of the suitors was able to complete the task, and a disguised Odysseus asked to try; after being successful, he revealed himself and killed the suitors with the help of his son, the goddess Athena, and two of his herdsmen. Penelope, still not believing that this was her husband, told him to command the servant to move their bed. Odysseus protested saying that it was impossible as one of the legs of the bed was part of a living olive tree. Penelope finally accepted that this man was who he claimed to be, and the couple were reunited. Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Blue-throated Piping-Guan (Pipile cumanensis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. NEW WORLD QUAIL Starred Wood-Quail (Odontophorus stellatus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. GREBES White-tufted Grebe (Rollandia rolland) Seen at Huacarpay lakes.

PIGEONS AND DOVES Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) Introduced species and common. Feral population. Pale-vented Pigeon (Patagioenas cayennensis) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).

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Spot-winged Pigeon (Patagioenas maculosa) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and nerby Paucartambo (town). Plumbeous Pigeon (Patagioenas plumbea) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Ruddy Pigeon (Patagioenas subvinacea) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Ruddy Ground-Dove (Columbina talpacoti) Seen at Boca Colorado harbor to Carlos harbor. Gray-fronted Dove (Leptotila rufaxilla) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and nearby Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). This and the previous species have complicated distribution with places where they occur side by side and other where only one occurs or is more common. In this part of Peru, the two species appear to segregate one another by elevation. White-tipped is found in the foothills and Gray-fronted in the lowlands. At least one is far more common than the other at different elevations. CUCKOOS Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani) Fairly common in the Amazon. Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road), along the Madre de Dios river, Blanquillo Claylick, Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake) and Boca Colorado harbor to Carlos harbor. Pheasant Cuckoo (Dromococcyx phasianellus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Little Cuckoo (Coccycua minuta) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) Common in the Amazon. POTOOS Great Potoo (Nyctibius grandis) Seen at Pilcopata to Atalaya (500-600m) (Manu road). Long-tailed Potoo (Nyctibius aethereus) * At Amazonia Lodge. Common Potoo (Nyctibius griseus) * At Amazonia Lodge.

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NIGHTJARS Sand-colored Nighthawk (Chordeiles rupestris) Fairly common in the Amazon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

Sand-colored Nighthawk

Band-winged Nightjar (Systellura longirostris) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road). Leader only. Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) * At Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Ocellated Poorwill (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. SWIFTS Chestnut-collared Swift (Streptoprocne rutila) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. White-collared Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris) Seen at Huacarpay lakes, Amazonia Lodge, along the Madre de Dios river and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Short-tailed Swift (Chaetura brachyura) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake) and Manu Wildlife Center. Gray-rumped Swift (Chaetura cinereiventris) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Pale-rumped Swift (Chaetura egregia) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Fork-tailed Palm-Swift (Tachornis squamata) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. HUMMINGBIRDS White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Manu Wildlife Center and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Rufous-breasted Hermit (Glaucis hirsutus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. White-bearded Hermit (Phaethornis hispidus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Green Hermit (Phaethornis guy) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. E Koepcke's Hermit (Phaethornis koepckeae) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Reddish Hermit (Phaethornis ruber) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Geoffroy's Wedgebill (Schistes geoffroyi) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire (1772-1884) French zoologist. Lesser Violetear (Colibri cyanotus) * Heard at Rocotal area (Manu road) and Pillahuata (Manu road). The Central and Middle American form of Green Violetar have been split into Mexican Violetear by the AOU sour form which occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia is now this species. Sparkling Violetear (Colibri coruscans) Seen at Huacarpay lakes, Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, Esperanza (Manu road) and Amazonia Lodge. Black-eared Fairy (Heliothryx auritus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Leader only. Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus amethysticollis) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). Rufous-crested Coquette (Lophornis delattrei) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Named after French naturalist/collector Henri de Lattre (1838).

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E Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Speckled Hummingbird (Adelomyia melanogenys) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Long-tailed Sylph (Aglaiocercus kingii) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. This long-tailed hummingbird was named for Admiral Philip Parker King, British marine surveyor, naturalist and traveler in tropical America 1825-1830.

Long-tailed Sylph

Bronzy Inca (Coeligena coeligena) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Violet-throated Starfrontlet (Coeligena violifer) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road).

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E Anna’s Racket-tail (Ocreatus underwoodii) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. The Racket tailed Puffleg was unknown in life but specimens existed in various London cabinets, whence a drawing was sent in 1832 by Mr. Underwood on behalf of Charles Stokes, a London stockbroker and collector. An article in Zootaxa 4200 (1): 083–108 2016 Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from morphologyand display behavior by KARL-L. SCHUCHMANN, ANDRÉ-A. WELLER & DIETMAR JÜRGENS provided evidence from plumage and behavior that Ocreatus underwoodii should be treated as four species, with the subspecies addae, annae, and peruana elevated to species rank. If this is so the species would be thus: White-booted Racket-tail O. underwoodii Venezuela to W Ecuador

Peruvian Racket-tail O. peruvianus E Ecuador to NE Peru Anna’s Racket-tail O. annae Pasco to Cuzco (endemic) Rufous-booted Racket-tail O. addae Bolivia (endemic) Green-tailed Trainbearer (Lesbia nuna) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Lesbia: Gr. Lesbias= woman of Lesbos. nuna: Nouna-Koali, a graceful Indian virgin in Jean F. Denis’s novel (1829) “Ismaël Ben Kaïzar ou la découverture du Nouveau Monde”. E Bearded Mountaineer (Oreonympha nobilis) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Oreonympha: Gr. oros, oreos= mountain and numphē= nymph. nobilis: L. nobilis= admirable, famous, renowned, noble, high-born, nobleman.

Bearded Montaineer – Dave Krueper

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Gould's Jewelfront (Heliodoxa aurescens) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Violet-fronted Brilliant (Heliodoxa leadbeateri) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. White-bellied Woodstar (Chaetocercus mulsant) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Martial Etienne Mulsant French zoologist and explorer. Amethyst Woodstar (Calliphlox amethystina) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Blue-tailed Emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Gray-breasted Sabrewing (Campylopterus largipennis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Fork-tailed Woodnymph (Thalurania furcata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Many-spotted Hummingbird (Taphrospilus hypostictus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Amazonia Lodge. Sapphire-spangled Emerald (Amazilia lactea) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Golden-tailed Sapphire (Chrysuronia oenone) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. White-chinned Sapphire (Hylocharis cyanus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Amazilia Hummingbird HOATZIN Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Common in the Amazon. Seen in oxbow lakes and Amazonia Lodge. TRUMPETERS Pale-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.

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Pale-winged Trumpeter – Ian Merrill

RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS Gray-cowled Wood-Rail (Aramides cajaneus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). The old Gray-necked Wood-Rail has been split two ways – Russet-napped Wood-Rail Aramides albiventris of Mexico and the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and the one we saw of the Pacific slope of Cosat Riva to Argentina. Gray-breasted Crake (Laterallus exilis) * Heard at Blanquillo Claylick. Plumbeous Rail (Pardirallus sanguinolentus) Seen at Huacarpay lakes andon the coast

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Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Note that the New World form has been split from the Common Moorhen of Eurasia. Common Gallinule of Western Hemisphere is split from Common Moorhen on the basis of morphological, genetic, and vocal differences (Groenenberg et al 2008). Slate-colored Coot (Fulica ardesiaca) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and on the coast. Called "Andean Coot" in Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990), Taylor (1996 and Ridgely et al. (2001) but other authors use Slate-colored Coot. PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS Pied Lapwing (Vanellus cayanus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Collared Plover (Charadrius collaris) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. OYSTERCATCHERS American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus

Along the coast South of Lima

Blackish Oystercatcher Haematopus ater Along the coast South of Lima

THICK- KNEES Peruvian Thick-knee Burhinus superciliaris Three seen along the coast south of Lima

SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) JACANA Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana) Common in the Amazon. Specially in oxbow lakes. Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). SKIMMERS Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and photographed on the coast

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GULLS AND TERNS Andean Gull (Chroicocephalus serranus) Franklin's Gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan) on the coast Belcher's Gull (Larus belcheri) on the coast Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) on the coast

Inca Tern

Yellow-billed Tern (Sternula superciliaris) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Inca Tern (Larosterna inca) Phoptographed on the coast SUNBITTERN Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and Boca Colorado harbor to Carlos harbor

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PENGUINS Humboldt Penguin – (Spheniscus humboldti) Seen in Pucusana. Only found in the Humboldt Current off the coast of Peru and Chile. Named for the impressive sounding Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt, Prussian geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of romantic philosophy. VULNERABLE STORKS Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. BOOBIES Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata) Seen in Lima. Blue-footed Booby (Sula nebouxii) Around 10 seen along the coast DARTERS Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) Seen along the Madre de Dios river, Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes CORMORANTS Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) Common. Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii) Seen in Lima. This species feeds in the open waters of the Humboldt Current off Chile and Peru, and breeds on islands and coastal headlands. Particularly during El Niño years, birds may disperse north to Panama and south to Cape Horn. It feeds almost entirely on the schooling fish anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) by diving from the surface, often in flocks that feed cooperatively. Birds also nest together in large, dense colonies on relatively flat terrain. Breeding success is heavily tied to food availability, and can vary dramatically between years. Red-legged Cormorant (Phalacrocorax gaimardi) Seen in Pucusana. Named for French surgeon/naturalist/explorer Joseph Paul Gaimard (1793-1858). PELICANS Peruvian Pelican (Pelecanus thagus) Seen in Lima.

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Red-legged Cormorant – Dave Krueper

HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).

Rufescent Tiger-Heron – Gary Rosenberg

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Fasciated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Yellow-crowned Night-Heron – (Nyctanassa violacea) One at Villa Marshes on the coast Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi) Fairly common in the Amazon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Great Egret (Ardea alba) Fairly common in the Amazon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) Common. Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Common. Striated Heron (Butorides striata) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Capped Heron (Pilherodius pileatus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. IBISES Puna Ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and nearby Paucartambo (town). Green Ibis (Mesembrinibis cayennensis) * Heard at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). NEW WORLD VULTURES King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Common.

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Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Common. Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the resident tropical subspecies ruficollis and the southern subspecies group (jota and "falklandica") might merit recognition as separate species from the northern Cathartes aura group. Greater Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes melambrotus) Common in the Amazon. OSPREY Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus melanoleucus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Black-collared Hawk (Busarellus nigricollis) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Plumbeous Kite (Ictinia plumbea) Common. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Cinereous Harrier (Circus cinereus) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Leader only. Slate-colored Hawk (Buteogallus schistaceus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Leader only. Great Black Hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga) Fairly common in the Amazon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Roadside Hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) Common. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and nearby Paucartambo (town). Farquhar (1988) concluded that Buteo poecilochrous and B. polyosoma are conspecific, as they were formerly treated (REF); he was unable to find any way to reliably diagnose the two forms using

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plumage characters or measurements. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Schulenberg et al. (2007) followed this treatment and suggested "Variable Hawk" be retained for the composite species. Genetic data (Riesing et al. 2003) are consistent with hypothesis that B. polyosoma and B. poecilochrous are conspecific. [incorp. Cabot & De Vries 2003, Vaurie 1962]. SACC proposal passed to treat as conspecific. Cabot & de Vries (2003, 2004, 2010) presented additional data that support their recognition as separate species. SACC proposal to re-elevate poecilochrous to species rank did not pass. White Hawk (Pseudastur albicollis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. OWLS Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl (Megascops watsonii) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Recent analyses of genetic and vocal differences (König et al. 1999) confirm a major division of the screech-owls into New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) and Old World groups, as noted by Amadon & Bull (1988).<incorp. Van der Weyden 1975> consequently, the AOU (Banks et al. 2003) placed all New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) in the genus Megascops. The SACC says: Sibley & Monroe (1990) and König et al. (1999) treated usta as a separate species from Megascops watsonii based on vocal differences, but this was not followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001). SACC proposal to recognize usta as a separate species from M. watsonii was rejected because of inadequate geographic sampling and analysis. Usta was split by Restall 2002. Named after Gavin Watson US writer and ornithologist. Crested Owl (Lophostrix cristata) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Amazonian Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium hardyi) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) * Nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Mottled Owl (Ciccaba virgata) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. QUETZALS AND TROGONS Golden-headed Quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road). From the Greek Pharo = Mantle or Cloak. Machrus = long. Black-tailed Trogon (Trogon melanurus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

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Amazonian Trogon (Trogon ramonianus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. The subspecies ramonianus and caligatus were formerly (e.g., Cory 1919, Pinto 1937) considered separate species from Trogon violaceus (Violaceous Trogon) but Peters (1945) considered them all conspecific. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered caligatus (Gartered Trogon) of Middle America and northwestern South America to be a separate species from Trogon violaceus, and this was followed by Hilty (2003); Genetic data (DaCosta & Klicka 2008) indicate that caligatus is basal to a group that includes Amazonian T. violaceus, T. curucui, and T. surrucura (and that Amazonian violaceus may be paraphyletic with respect to the latter two species). SACC proposal was passed to recognize caligatus as a species. SACC proposal passed to recognize ramonianus as a separate species from T. violaceus. So, in short you have 3 species that came out of Violaceous Trogon. Gartered Trogon caligatus – S. Mexico to NW Peru Amazonian Trogon - Trogon ramonianus – the Amazon Basin Guianan Trogon –Trogon viridis – Trindad and the Guianan Shield Blue-crowned Trogon (Trogon curucui) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. MOTMOTS Amazonian Motmot (Momotus momota) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Andean Motmot (Momotus aequatorialis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. So, there are now 6 recognized species that came out of the old Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus coeruliceps Blue-crowned Motmot – NE and Central Mexico Momotus lessoni Blue-diademed Motmot – South Mexico to Central Panama Momotus subrufescens Whooping Motmot - E Panama to NC Venezuela and the Magdalena Valley of Colombia; SE Ecuador and extreme NW Peru. Momotus bahamensis Trinidad Motmot – Trindad & Tobago Momotus momota Amazonian Motmot - Venezuela (S of the Orinoco) and the Guianas S through the entire Amazon basin to extreme N Argentina and Paraguay. Momotus aequatorialis Andean Motmot – The Andes from NC Colombia to NE Bolivia. Broad-billed Motmot (Electron platyrhynchum) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

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KINGFISHERS Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryle torquata) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana) Seen nearby Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. JACAMARS Purus Jacamar (Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Bluish-fronted Jacamar (Galbula cyanescens) Common in the Amazon. Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

Bluish-fronted Jacamar – Gary Rosenberg

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PUFFBIRDS White-necked Puffbird (Notharchus hyperrhynchus) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Black-fronted Nunbird (Monasa nigrifrons) Common in the Amazon. White-fronted Nunbird (Monasa morphoeus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Morpheous was the son of sleep and god of dreams a referral to the lethargic behavior of this Nunbird. Swallow-winged Puffbird (Chelidoptera tenebrosa) Common in the Amazon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. BARBETS Versicolored Barbet (Eubucco versicolor) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. TOUCANS Blue-banded Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis) Seen at Pillahuata (Manu road). Leader only. Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan (Andigena hypoglauca) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road).

Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan – Gustavo Bautista

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Chestnut-eared Aracari (Pteroglossus castanotis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. In Greek Pteroglossus means “feather-tongued” a reference to the slim feather-like tongues of toucans and aracaris. White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick and Manu Wildlife Center. Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. WOODPECKERS Yellow-tufted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cruentatus) Common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick and Manu Wildlife Center. Little Woodpecker (Dryobates passerines) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Red-stained Woodpecker (Dryobates affinis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Crimson-bellied Woodpecker (Campephilus haematogaster) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). A Lifer for the leader! Red-necked Woodpecker (Campephilus rubricollis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Ringed Woodpecker (Celeus torquatus) * Heard at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Cream-colored Woodpecker (Celeus flavus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Golden-olive Woodpecker (Colaptes rubiginosus) * Heard at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Andean Flicker (Colaptes rupicola) Seen nearby Paucartambo (town). FALCONS AND CARACARAS Collared Forest-Falcon (Micrastur semitorquatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

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Buckley's Forest-Falcon (Micrastur buckleyi) * Heard along the Madre de Dios river. Black Caracara (Daptrius ater) Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Red-throated Caracara (Ibycter americanus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Laughing Falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and along the Madre de Dios river. Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. NEW WORLD PARROTS Amazonian Parrotlet (Nannopsittaca dachilleae) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Leader only. Tui Parakeet (Brotogeris sanctithomae) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Cobalt-winged Parakeet (Brotogeris cyanoptera) Fairly common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Blanquillo Claylick. Orange-cheeked Parrot (Pyrilia barrabandi) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Named after Jaques Barrand (1767-1809), French bird and flower illustrator. Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus menstruus) Common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick, Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). - Many individuals. Farinosa is Latin for “Sprinkled with Flour” referring to the “dusted” appearance of this Amazon. Dusky-headed Parakeet (Aratinga weddellii) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

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Red-bellied Macaw (Orthopsittaca manilatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Blue-headed Macaw (Primolius couloni) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) Seen along the Madre de Dios river, Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).

Blue-and-yellow Macaw – Rob Tizzard

Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Manu Wildlife Center and along the Madre de Dios river. Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) Mainly seen at Blanquillo Claylick and along the Madre de Dios river. Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severus) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Amazonia Lodge, Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes) and along the Madre de Dios river. White-eyed Parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. ANTBIRDS Chestnut-shouldered Antwren (Euchrepomis humeralis) * At Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Bamboo Antshrike (Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae) Seen at Pilcopata to Atalaya (500-600m) (Manu road). Great Antshrike (Taraba major) * At the Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) * Heard at Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Plain-winged Antshrike (Thamnophilus schistaceus) * At Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Dusky-throated Antshrike (Thamnomanes ardesiacus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Bluish-slate Antshrike (Thamnomanes schistogynus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Spot-winged Antshrike (Pygiptila stellaris) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Pygmy Antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Sclater's Antwren (Myrmotherula sclateri) Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Amazonian Streaked-Antwren (Myrmotherula multostriata) * At Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Long-winged Antwren (Myrmotherula longipennis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Riparian Antbird (Cercomacroides fuscicauda) * Nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). White-backed Fire-eye (Pyriglena leuconota) * At Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. White-browed Antbird (Myrmoborus leucophrys) * At Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick and Manu Wildlife Center. Black-faced Antbird (Myrmoborus myotherinus) * At Amazonia Lodge. Plumbeous Antbird (Myrmelastes hyperythrus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

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Black-throated Antbird (Myrmophylax atrothorax) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Black-spotted Bare-eye (Phlegopsis nigromaculata) * At Manu Wildlife Center. GNATEATERS Ash-throated Gnateater (Conopophaga peruviana) * At Manu Wildlife Center. ANTPITTAS E Red-and-white Antpitta (Grallaria erythroleuca) * At Pillahuata (Manu road). Amazonian Antpitta (Hylopezus berlepschi) * At Amazonia Lodge. Thrush-like Antpitta (Myrmothera campanisona) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. TAPACULOS Rusty-belted Tapaculo (Liosceles thoracicus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. White-crowned Tapaculo (Scytalopus atratus) * At Rocotal area (Manu road). ANTTHRUSHES Rufous-capped Antthrush (Formicarius colma) * At Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Black-faced Antthrush (Formicarius analis) At Manu Wildlife Center. Rufous-breasted Antthrush (Formicarius rufipectus) At Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. OVENBIRDS Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Leader only. Certainly, consists of multiple species (Hardy et al. 1991, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Parker et al. 1995, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Hilty 2003), with at least five subspecies group possibly deserving separate species status (Marantz et al. 2003). The subspecies viridis and amazonus are elevational replacements in southern Peru with different song types (Robbins et al. 2013).

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Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (Dendrexetastes rufigula) Heard at Manu Wildlife Center.

Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper

Long-billed Woodcreeper (Nasica longirostris) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Black-banded Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes picumnus) * At Amazonia Lodge. Striped Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus obsoletus) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Elegant Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus elegans) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. We saw the jurua subspecies. Note that Zimmer (1934d), Pinto (1937), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered Xiphorhynchus elegans and X. spixii (Spix’s Woodcreeper) conspecific, but see Haffer (1997) for rationale for treating them as separate species, as in Peters (1951) and Meyer de Schauensee (1970). Aleixo (2002) also found molecular support for treating nominate spixii as a separate species from all other taxa in the group. Cory & Hellmayr (1925)

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treated the subspecies juruanus and insignis as separate species from X. spixii (Jurua Woodcreeper), and Pinto (1947) also maintained juruanus as a separate species; but they were considered conspecific by Zimmer (1934d) and Peters (1951). <incorp. Aleixo 2004>. Buff-throated Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus guttatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. The most common Lowland rainforest Woodcreeper; some authorities consider Buff throated Woodcreeper of SE Brazil as distinct but some authorities consider the reason for splitting weak. Montane Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Inambari Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. SACC says The Amazonian fuscicapillus subspecies group (with madeirae and layardi) was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1925) treated as a separate species from Lepidocolaptes albolineatus –Lineated Woodcreeper but recent authors have followed Zimmer (1934c) in treating them as conspecific; Hilty (2003) suspected that this treatment will be shown to be correct, and Marantz et al. (2003) suspected that more than one species was involved. Rodrigues et al. (2013) treated all diagnosable taxa in the complex as separate species; they also described a new species, Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae, from southwestern Amazonia. SACC proposal passed to recognize fatimalimae as a species and also elevate subspecies layardi and fuscicapillus to species rank. So there are now 5 species A. Lepidocolaptes albolineatus = Guianan Woodcreeper B. Lepidocolaptes duidae = Duida Woodcreeper C. Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae = Inambari Woodcreeper D. Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus = Rondonia Woodcreeper E. Lepidocolaptes layardi = Layard’s Woodcreeper Streaked Xenops (Xenops rutilans) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Surf Cinclodes (1) Pale-legged Hornero (Furnarius leucopus) Common. Wren-like Rushbird (Phleocryptes melanops) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and at Villa Marshes E Rusty-fronted Canastero (Asthenes ottonis) Seen at Huacarpay lakes.

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Rusty-fronted Canastero – Alex Durand

Orange-fronted Plushcrown (Metopothrix aurantiaca) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Leader only. E Creamy-crested Spinetail (Cranioleuca albicapilla) Seen at Acjanaco pass. Dark-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis albigularis) * At Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Azara's Spinetail (Synallaxis azarae) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). TYRANT FLYCATCHERS Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet (Camptostoma obsoletum) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Leader only. White-throated Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus leucophrys) Seen at Acjanaco pass. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet (Tyrannulus elatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Forest Elaenia (Myiopagis gaimardii) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

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White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Sierran Elaenia (Elaenia pallatangae) Seen at Acjanaco pass. Streak-necked Flycatcher (Mionectes striaticollis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. McConnell's Flycatcher (Mionectes macconnelli) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Slaty-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon superciliaris) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Bolivian Tyrannulet (Zimmerius bolivianus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Many-colored Rush Tyrant (Tachuris rubrigastra) Seen at Huacarpay lakes.

Many-colored Rush Tyrant

Ringed Antpipit (Corythopis torquatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.

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Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis ecaudatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant (Lophotriccus pileatus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Spotted Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum maculatum) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Leader only. Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Yellow-margined Flycatcher (Tolmomyias assimilis) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Cinnamon Flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Bran-colored Flycatcher (Myiophobus fasciatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) Seen at Paucartambo (town) and along the Madre de Dios river. This is the southern subspecies latirostris. The change from the darker-winged nominate nigricans to the white-winged latirostris is a north-south cline, with larger amounts of white gradually appearing further south. Vermillion Flycatcher - Pyrocephalus rubinus) Seen along the coast Austral Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). . In a recent paper – Carmi el al 2016 it strongly suggests several taxonomic changes to the genus Pyrocephalus, including elevating three currently recognized subspecies to full species status: the austral migrant South American subspecies rubinus, and the two Galápagos subspecies dubius and nanus. As such, they propose a revised taxonom Species Pyrocephalus rubinus (Boddaert, 1783), Austral Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus obscurus Gould, 1839, Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus nanus Gould, 1838, Galápagos Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus dubius Gould, 1839, San Cristóbal Vermilion Flycatcher The San Cristobal Vermillion Flycatcher is extinct Drab Water Tyrant (Ochthornis littoralis) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant (Myiotheretes striaticollis) Seen at Pillahuata (Manu road). Leader only.

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Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) suggested that the plumage and genetic differences between subspecies groups north and south of the Maranon should be recognized at the species level, with Ochthoeca thoracica the name for the southern species. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) reported that there are also vocal differences that would support this split. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) further recognized Venezuelan nigrita as a separate species from O. cinnamomeiventris, as done by Cory & Hellmayr (1927); see Zimmer (1937b) for the rationale for treating them all as conspecific based on plumage pattern, the treatment followed by Fitzpatrick (2004). Proposal needed. Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca rufipectoralis) * Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca fumicolor) Seen at Acjanaco pass. White-browed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca leucophrys) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Long-tailed Tyrant (Colonia colonus) Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road) and Amazonia Lodge. Bright-rumped Attila (Attila spadiceus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Short-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus ferox) Common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Lesser Kiskadee (Pitangus lictor) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and Blanquillo Claylick. Boat-billed Flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua) Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road) and Manu Wildlife Center. Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis) Common in the Amazon. Lemon-browed Flycatcher (Conopias cinchoneti) * At Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) Common.

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COTINGAS Band-tailed Fruiteater (Pipreola intermedia) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). Barred Fruiteater (Pipreola arcuata) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road).

Barred Fruiteater

Red-crested Cotinga (Ampelion rubrocristatus) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road).

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Purple-throated Fruitcrow (Querula purpurata) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Plum-throated Cotinga (Cotinga maynana) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Screaming Piha (Lipaugus vociferans) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Bare-necked Fruitcrow (Gymnoderus foetidus) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). MANAKINS Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin (Tyranneutes stolzmanni) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Blue-backed Manakin (Chiroxiphia pareola) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Yungas Manakin (Chiroxiphia boliviana) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Blue-crowned Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Band-tailed Manakin (Pipra fasciicauda) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Wing-barred Piprites (Piprites chloris) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. TITYRAS AND BECARDS Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Varzea Schiffornis (Schiffornis major) * Heard at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). White-winged Becard (Pachyramphus polychopterus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Pink-throated Becard (Pachyramphus minor) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. VIREOS Chivi Vireo (Vireo chivi)

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Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Some classifications (e.g., Pinto 1944) have considered the South American chivi group as a separate species ("Chivi Vireo") from V. olivaceus, or as conspecific with V. flavoviridis (Hamilton 1962), but see Hellmayr (1935), Zimmer (1941d), Eisenmann 1962a, Johnson & Zink (1985), and Ridgely & Tudor (1989). Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) suggested, however, that more than one species may be involved within the South American chivi group. JAYS Purplish Jay (Cyanocorax cyanomelas) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Violaceous Jay (Cyanocorax violaceus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center and along the Madre de Dios river. SWALLOWS Blue-and-white Swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca) Common. White-banded Swallow (Atticora fasciata) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Brown-chested Martin (Progne tapera) Uncommon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. White-winged Swallow (Tachycineta albiventer) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. WRENS Scaly-breasted Wren (Microcerculus marginatus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Common. Many authors (e.g., Hellmayr 1934, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) formerly treated Neotropical mainland populations as a separate species T. musculus; see also Brumfield and Capparella (1996); this treatment was followed by Brewer (2001) and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005). The Falklands population, T. a. cobbi, is treated as a species (Wood 1993), as was done by Brewer (2001), Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005).

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Moustached Wren (Pheugopedius genibarbis) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road). Leader only. Gray-breasted Wood-Wren (Henicorhina leucophrys) * Heard at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road) and Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). DONACOBIUS Black-capped Donacobius (Donacobius atricapilla) Fairly common. Seen in oxbow lakes. THRUSHES AND SOLITAIRES Andean Solitaire (Myadestes ralloides) * In the Rocotal area (Manu road) and Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road). Hauxwell's Thrush (Turdus hauxwelli) Seen nearby Blanquillo Claylick. White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Creamy-bellied Thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis) Common in the Amazon. Chiguanco Thrush (Turdus chiguanco) Common in the Andes. Andean Slaty Thrush (Turdus nigriceps) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. TANAGERS AND ALLIES Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). Rust-and-yellow Tanager (Thlypopsis ruficeps) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). White-winged Shrike-Tanager (Lanio versicolor) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Silver-beaked Tanager (Ramphocelus carbo) Common in the Amazon.

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Masked Crimson Tanager (Ramphocelus nigrogularis) Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen at Amazonia Lodge.

Masked Crimson Tanager

Hooded Mountain-Tanager (Buthraupis montana) Seen at Pillahuata (Manu road). Leader only. Fawn-breasted Tanager (Pipraeidea melanonota) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Leader only. Orange-eared Tanager (Chlorochrysa calliparaea) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) Common. Episcopus – a reference to the episcopal blue plumage of this species. Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum) Common in the Amazon. Blue-capped Tanager (Thraupis cyanocephala) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). Yellow-bellied Tanager (Ixothraupis xanthogastra) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Leader only. Spotted Tanager (Ixothraupis punctata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Blue-necked Tanager (Tangara cyanicollis) Fairly common in the foothills.

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Turquoise Tanager (Tangara mexicana) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Paradise Tanager (Tangara chilensis) Common in the Amazon. Not found in Chile!. Golden-eared Tanager (Tangara chrysotis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Saffron-crowned Tanager (Tangara xanthocephala) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Another nice colorful bird seen in the cloud forest – here the subspecies with an orange not saffron crown. Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Golden Tanager (Tangara arthus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Swallow Tanager (Tersina viridis) Fairly common in the Amazon. Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana) Fairly common in the Amazon.

Blue Dacnis – Fabrice Schmitt

Purple Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes caeruleus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Green Honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Cinereous Conebill (Conirostrum cinereum) Common in the Andes. Rusty Flowerpiercer (Diglossa sittoides) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. Black-throated Flowerpiercer (Diglossa brunneiventris) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and nearby Paucartambo (town). Deep-blue Flowerpiercer (Diglossa glauca) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Masked Flowerpiercer (Diglossa cyanea) Common in humid montane forest. Peruvian Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus punensis) Seen at Huacarpay lakes. E Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch (Poospiza caesar) Seen nearby Paucartambo (town).

Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch – Alex Durand

Chestnut-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila castaneiventris) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch (Sporophila angolensis) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Black-and-white Seedeater (Sporophila luctuosa) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Band-tailed Seedeater (Catamenia analis) Seen at Huacarpay lakes and nearby Paucartambo (town). Buff-throated Saltator (Saltator maximus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. – seen at Cock of the Rock Lodge, Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Klicka et al. (2007) found strong genetic support for a sister relationship between Saltator and core Thraupidae. Sushkin (1924) proposed that Saltator was thraupine, not emberizine/cardinaline. SACC proposal passed to transfer Saltator from Cardinalidae to Incertae Sedis. SACC proposal to transfer to Thraupidae did not pass. Barker et al. (2013) found that Saltator and Saltatricula were embedded in the Thraupidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Thraupidae. Chavez et al. (2013) found that relationships within the genus are not consistent with the current linear sequence of species. SACC proposal passed to revise linear sequence. Golden-billed Saltator (Saltator aurantiirostris) Seen nearby Paucartambo (town). Burns et al.‚Äôs (2014) comprehensive phylogeny of the tanagers and relatives was based on two mitochondrial and four nuclear loci, and taxon-sampling was nearly complete. Slate-colored Grosbeak (Saltator grossus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. NEW WORLD SPARROWS AND ALLIES Yellow-throated Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus flavigularis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Short-billed Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus parvirostris) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). - common in the gardens and in mixed flocks. Genetic data (REFS, Burns et al. 2002, 2003) indicate the genus Chlorospingus is not a member of the Thraupidae, but (Klicka et al. 2007) a member of the Emberizidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Emberizidae. Barker et al. (2013) further confirmed the placement of the genus with the New World sparrows. Frank Pitelka (in Tordoff 1954a) long ago noted the emberizine-like behavior of Chlorospingus. SACC proposal passed to change English names of the species in the genus from “Bush-Tanager” to “Chlorospingus”.

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Yellow-browed Sparrow (Ammodramus aurifrons) Common in the Amazon. Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) Common. Black-faced Brushfinch (Atlapetes melanolaemus) Seen nearby Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. The Atlapetes genus has been completely revamped based on bio-chemical data and work done at Copenhagen Field Museum. Formerly considered part of Rufous-napped Brush-Finch complex A. rufinucha. Atlapetes melanolaemus was formerly (Hellmayr 1938, Paynter 1970a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Sibley & Monroe 1990) considered a subspecies of A. rufinucha, but see García-Moreno & Fjeldså (1999). CARDINALS AND ALLIES White-winged Tanager (Piranga leucoptera) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Red-crowned Ant-Tanager (Habia rubica) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Black-backed Grosbeak (Pheucticus aureoventris) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. NEW WORLD WARBLERS Three-striped Warbler (Basileuterus tristriatus) Seen at Esperanza (Manu road). Gutiérrez-Pinto et al. (2012) found that broadly defined Basileuterus tristriatus consists of 10 distinct clades, one of which is B. trifasciatus, which is the sister group to B. tristriatus tacarcunae of the Darién. Donegan (2014) provided evidence that the Bolivian punctipectus group (including canens) should be treated as a separate species. Buff-rumped Warbler (Myiothlypis fulvicauda) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Two-banded Warbler (Myiothlypis bivittata) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road). Russet-crowned Warbler (Myiothlypis coronata) Heard at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Spectacled Redstart (Myioborus melanocephalus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).

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Spectacled Redstart

BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, AND OROPENDOLAS Russet-backed Oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons) Common in the Amazon. Dusky-green Oropendola (Psarocolius atrovirens) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road). Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road) and Amazonia Lodge. Olive Oropendola (Psarocolius bifasciatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela) Common in the Amazon. Casqued Cacique (Cacicus oseryi) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus) * At Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Giant Cowbird (Molothrus oryzivorus) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.

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Pale-eyed Blackbird (Agelasticus xanthophthalmus) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Yellow-hooded Blackbird FINCHES, EUPHONIAS, AND ALLIES Golden-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia chrysopasta) * Heard at Blanquillo Claylick. Bronze-green Euphonia (Euphonia mesochrysa) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Orange-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia xanthogaster) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Rufous-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia rufiventris) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

MAMMALS MARMOSETS Weddell´s Saddle-backed Tamarin (Saguinus weddelli) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. MONKEYS Black-headed Night Monkey (Aoutus nigriceps) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Bolivian Black-capped Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Large-headed Capuchin Monkey (Sapajus macrocephalus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Shock-headed Capuchin (Cebus cuscinus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Colombian Red Howler Monkey (Alouatta seniculus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Colombian Red Howler Monley - Caroline Simpson

Black Spider Monkey (Ateles chamek) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. RACCOON FAMILY Giant Otter (Pteronura brasilensis): Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). CAT FAMILY Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. The Ocelot gave us a show, it was lurking in the grass below the Claylick and suddenly jumped out and got a Mealy Parrot! TAPIRS Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. SQUIRRELS Southern Amazon Red Squirrel (Sciurus spadiceus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Bolivian Squirrel (Sciurus ignitus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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LARGE RODENTS Montane Guinea Pig (Cavia tschudi) Seen nearby Huacarpay lakes. Brown Agouti (Dasyprocta variegata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Amazonia Lodge. Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. BATS Long-nosed Bat (Rhynchonycteris naso) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS

White Caiman (Caiman crocodilus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and along the Madre de Dios river. Side-necked Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Amazon Racerunner (Ameiva ameiva) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center

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Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

On the River

Cocha Blanco Ox-bow Lake