manuais sera - Água doce - plantas maravilhosas no aquário
TRANSCRIPT
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 1/23n Substrato n Plantar n Fertilizar
Plantas maravilhosas
no aquário
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 2/23
Índice" >< .......................................................... 3
A < M ; ................................ 4F<>M ;< ><> ........................................ 5<><> >............................................. 6
&><> >@......................................................................... 8F<>> SERA ..................................................................... 8F<>M C"2 ................................................................. 10SERA > C"2.............................................................. 11C< <<>> >............................................. 18#> ;J> .......................................................... 21#< MR................................................................ 22
A > ;J> < MR @< ;J<. & > J< < >< . E M <<, -> <, <> <-> , < > ; <<@> > ><>. ! >P>, > < N <; J >> @>. Q <M > ; ;J< > -
> Q> <>@. " , < <-U J > ; @> <<> J , S@, >. A > < >> ;J< MR ><, @< ><<>Q< ><< <S .
2
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 3/23
A =
: 6 +
8 > + =
0 9
< 8 / -
/ 7
9 A 3 1 N 8 3 9
" 2
A =
: 6 + 8
> + =
- 9 8 = 9 7 / 7
C "
2
" <<
NNO2
NO3
NH4 /
NH3
" <> ,<> <> >
J
A >N< <<< >,
><<-<< !H4 /!H3
(Q/Q)
A >N< <-< ><<
!H4 /!H3 !"2 (><>)
A >N< <-
< ><<!"2 !"3 (><>)
!"3 = ><>< >
&Q > N ; <> ; ;J< < < >< -> M Q>. A> < >< ->> ;J> -< << ><<>Q<. D> , ><< N <. #< ,
> <@ >, ; < N >@ >>> < .
" >- ;J< Q> @>M @@ J@. >< ; > < <@ < O N < < ;<Q.#< >M - -> ;J>, J ; < ><
, >< ; -><, >, >: L F<>M ;< ><> F<> C"2
$> < < >< -, < >< J<
< >M. '<J < ;J< .
O ciclo natural da limpeza
3
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 4/234
C < , > << <>< Q < (C"2 ) J N - (<> </ MS<) ; -
> < <>. !> < >P>, > >N <- N ; < <<<<.
#< >P> > ;J< -> <> M. "> <> SERA ($a&, c'$'*
> < @<-. E>J <->> > > ;J< <M < >< >. & <,
- < >< > -<> SERA . A, > >< >> - >, ; <-> .
A energia da luz – a ilumina"!o adequada
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 5/23
#< <> J@ < O-, > ;J> > < @< ><>. D ;> ><>, <- >S<-
<>.D >, <M -> < <- , <P . #< > >@, J -> <>> (. . SERA f$'*e&e,,e A ); <>> P;(. . SERA f$'*e&a ) ; J.E M N > >,N J< <>< > P;,< <>< <> > -
><>. A ><> <<, ->, >O <> > > ;J<, < > >@ >O ; < - <>. I >- <->> J<, . . SERA f$'*e da1-d*'( SERA f$'*e NPKd*'(.
5
Fe*,"$"a&,ed"4*"'
P*'%','* d'c*ec"%e&,'
Fe*,"$"a6' c'% CO2NPKd*'( (a*a
a)4*"' de ($a&,a
Sb,*a,' ac,".'
Fe*,"$"a&,e(a*a a f'$!a
Fe*,"$"a&,e(a*a a *a8e
Sb,*a,' fe*,"$"a&,e
Fertiliza"!o equilibrada de nutrientes
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 6/23
A > > < ;> <>. #< , <- >< <><> (J<
< ;>) <><>, <-
6
O %ac*'&,*"e&,e "&c$e%:
A> (!)
FQ< (#)
E< (&)
#>J (K)
CJ (C)
N ()
" > N <@ > < ><> (!"3 ) Q (!H4
+ ). E>< >< -MR, N S> < <M J, J <>P. " Q< N -<@ < > (#"4
3- ) N <->> < >M < N.
" > > Q< J > <-> J ;> >,
@ <> <><. ! >>, << <, >>O ; < ><< <<- (. . SERA b"' &",*".ec ), > ; < <@> >. <>M > ><> N J< ;J< ; >. # >< > ><J< <-> @<< <M -.
! >>, ;J< Q > ->, J ; < > ><>. #<, ; SERA f$'*e NPKd*'(; < > <;J< > > ; > . A <M >< <> > >J <>> -> > ;J>.
" N N > < <
(<> @< >) N < >P>. " >< <><> >-N J< < <> > ;J>.
Macronutrientes e oligoelementos
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 7/23
;>> >N < -> (J< ;;>).
O '$"'e$e%e&,' "&c$e%:
F<< (F)
C< (C)
O ()
* (*)
B< (B)
N ()
J ()
E> > Q <@ ; ;>, > <>-> ><> <. " <<,. ., N > ; < <-. " N <> <@>> > <-
>> ><>. " O @J <J@< >@ -J> <>. &> > > <<.
7
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 8/23
Fe*,"$"a&,e SERA (a*a ' b,*a,'
D<> @ > <M ;J<, ><- <>> SERA < ><>, < <,
>. D> , < -MR @<J@ < <> <J > <P <>. D<> <> (4 6 ) -> < > ><> J<." ><> J SERA f$'*ede(', N -> < >< < @, ><,><> >. SERA f$'*ede(',, > <, <>>>> ><> < >. D-
@ ><>< ><>, N @-< <M <P <>.
SERA P*'fe"'&a$ f$'*e*'&d N -><> >@ ><<J< @<. E -M <<, . . SERA f"$,e* b"',a*,, <P < ><-
<, >@, ><> < > <>> <P. AN , ><>< <, @> , @> >Q -><M ;J<. < ;J< >J@ > <@-.
Substrato activo
O2 O2
O2
8
Fertilizantes SERA
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 9/23
Fe*,"$"a&,e SERA (a*a a f'$!a
#< > ;J>, ;<@ >
><@N , SERA f$'-*e&a << -M ;< ><->, > < <<,< >.G<M <- <, SERA f$'-*e&a <> ; ><>, . . <<, > >@ J>N ; > >.
Fe*,"$"a&,e SERA (a*a a *a8e
SERA f$'*e&e,,e A - Q>
><> ; <> ->> < -> < <P-. > N> < 3 4 -> <> <-> 4 . E><> SERA <-@ >>> <>.
9
P*'%','* d' c*ec"%e&,'
SERA f$'*e($ >N -<> <>> ;< <> > J@ <-
>>. " > SERA f$'-*e&a SERA f$'*e&e,,e A N>. E> <-> >J> <-> N J@ <> << , ; > << ><> <> >.
C'%($e%e&,' d"4*"' de &,*"e&,e da SERA
" <>> J< SERA f$'*eda1d*'( < > > @> ; <>,
; <P@< <> J@ > < @< ( @<) >.
" <>> J< SERA f$'*eNPKd*'( < <@- ;J< > ;J< - <><> - < >, -> >, Q< >J.
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 10/23
&Q Q <- (C"2 ) N ; >, -<> >P> (J 4) << > <-
< <>. D-<> > <, > < < (C); < C"2 >P->. " N ("2 ) N <>< >. C ;>- ; C"2, > < , <- < <. A <>< C"2 J, -> < N-
MS< J< < <> , <> , <- N < <@@ ;J<. &Q ; <> C"2 N >,N ; > <<@>. AN , ><M C"2 N <>>< >< < <-> , < >, >N
@< H.
O2
O2 O2
10
G<> - > <<: $> <> < >, C"2
>. E>, > <> <J-, . . O C @< ( Ca-
bomba aquatica ) <>@ Nymphaea lotus, > <> - C"2. $> < < >, N <, ><> . D> , <>-> ><J >< -
J@.
A ($a&,a c'&'%e ca*b'&'
3 $"be*,ad' '0"7&"'
O CO2 &ece4*"' (a*a ($a&,a a)4,"ca
Fertiliza"!o com CO2
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 11/23
E , C"2 N >> S@. ! >>,< Q> , J > ; @< J. E> < >, < @@ <>< C"2. "< > <>< @,
N < @< C"2
J. " J @ < > <P J < , <@> ;J<. A SERA < <> <>< >> < M >< < ;J<.
11
C'%' 7 )e ' CO2 e d"'$.e &a 4a?
A>N <, >M > C"2
>@- <> >< <-. C > C"2 SERA , ;<Q >N <-
< C"2 >, , <J- <. D > ;J< >, SERA < <> > <>M C"2." > SERA CO2-S,a*, N <>> -; < ;J< ; >. > SERA *eac,'* ded"f' de CO2 SERA CO2-Tab ($. A > - <>< C"2 <>
C"2 ; N <> Q> <><. L->>, C"2 < <>< @- J, <<.
SERA sistemas de CO2
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 12/23
" SERA f$'*e ",e%a de fe*,"$"a6' CO2 NJ@ < ;J< < ;J< > >. E> > <>-M ;> ->< <J >.
C>S:1) SERA a**afa de CO2 'b (*e'
G<< 500 , <<<J@, @J@>< <>
2) SERA f$'*e *ed,'* de (*e' de CO2
A>< < << C"2 <>J-@
3) SERA .4$.$a de e*a&6a a&,"-*e,'*&'
4) SERA %a&e"*a de CO2, 5
5) D"f'* de (*e' de CO2 SERA f$'*e
>< ><6) SERA "&d"cad'* CO2 de $'&a d*a6'
7) SERA f$'*e&aF<>> < >, 100 (J 9)
8) SERA f$'*e da1d*'(50 (J 9)
9) G*a,",':
A>< > M < <<<>J@
" > > < ->> J > >N> P@ <> N<.
12
6
7 8
9
4
3
2
1
5
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 13/231313
C SERA f$'*e *ed,'* de (*e' deCO2, < <<@ << C"2
- << > <-> 60 < < 0 2,5 <. D@ ; < SERA f$'*e *ed,'*de (*e' de CO2, >N <<>> ; ;>
C"2 (30 < >). C <>< < ; <, NP@. D Q>< < <> >< < <<@ < <-. >< , >P@, <> M << <->J@. #< >M < > C"2 N <P@ <>< < > ;.
E;>:
J@ > , Q>< << Q>< < >.
A SERA a**afa de CO2 'b (*e' @J@ >< <> '. "M > ; <> J -
<M. A SERA a**afa de CO2 'b (*e'>J P@ 500 2 . A << <<<J@.
E;>: A <M, @J@ <-<, P <> < <.
D"f'* de (*e' de CO2 SERA f$'*e >< >< < ;J< >N300 ><. E> < ><>@ <P > ; @ C"2 J <><> . A><@N <- >< < > , C"2
N < J > <(<. 2 <). A @->>. D@ >
< < C"2. " <- >< < > < J. A < >< -<><< >><.
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 14/2314
" SERA f$'*e *eac,'*e ac,"-.' de CO2 > P@< ;J< 250 600 >< < ;J< <>< 600 -><. " <>< >@ SERA ><> >->, <M ><<J< <-
P <>M. A > >< @ C"2, <. #- < <- ;> C"2 ;J-< <, < Q <J. >N ;J<; ; J< ;;> C"2, > <>-< SERA S>, <M > -
M C"2.
A >/+ / >?<+ ?:+ =-=@/ C"2 + J?+, =/ :/<+=
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 15/2315
> ;J< -<
I><M ><> < ;J< < ;J<
" SERA f$'*e *eac,'*e ac,".' de CO2
- >< >< < ;J<.#< >M >< ;J< N -J< . E> N <>< < >P@.#< >M (<<>) ><,< Q@ ;J<, <>< N
> >< >< J >>. " <>< >@ SERA - >< < >, < J >< <.
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 16/23
C c'&,ad'* de b'$!a CO2 SERA f$'*e <P > ; >< < C"2 ; < < <><. @J@ <-> ; C"2 @>.
A SERA .4$.$a '$e&9"de CO2 N >< <>< < >< >@ C"2 , < ><<M >J> <> C"2. D@- ><<< <> C"2 <> >, J ; > < C"2. #><J<, > >N < C"2. A SERA .4$.$a '$e&9"de CO2 <
;;< ><< @.
" N> Q N e*a%"c (H C'&-,*'$$e* < M >J> C"2 ;<> << @< H < <<-<, ><@N <>M >J>
C"2. " SERA e$7c,*'d' (H, ; >J -P ;>, >< @< H J ;J<. A @<O @<< >>> M C"2. " > >N,>< ><, H-C><<, @J@ -Q, MR < @J@ >-<><." e*a%"c (H C'&,*'$$e* N J >< < >< ;;< > C"2 @. 'N N ; < >< <>< J -
<.
16
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 17/23
A SERA !"! )a$",1 .4$.$a de e*a&6aa&,"-*e,'*&' <> > C"2 < >< >< J ;J<. J@ (2) >J@ (< )
J> > ;, (4) < (3), @-
> (5) LMR < (1) < < 4/6 ><
C>S: 2 M
A SERA .4$.$a de e*a&6a a&,"-*e,'*&'@> < J ;J< < <->< <. A @J@ @- >< >< <>< < < >-
, . . <><.
" SERA "&d"cad'* CO2 de $'&a d*a6'>< <>> ><M C"2 J ;J<. " > N -> < <> < >>, P; -< <M.
Qa&d' e e% )e )a&,"dade e de.ead"c"'&a* CO2 &' a)4*"'?
D C"2 > @< H <>, N J< <> ;> C"2. C @< <-, @- < 1 2 C"2
< > < <>< < 10>< J ;J<. $> -
> << / @< H <> <> J (. . 6,5), C"2 < > < <@-> <<. @<M ><M C"2 J >- SERA "&d"cad'* CO2 de $'&a d*a6'.C ><>@, N J@ >M e*a%"c (H C'&,*'$$e*.
17
D<> >, > < < >P>, << N <- C"2. #< > >@, M C"2 @ < ><< <>
>. #< N ; ><-< @ M SERA .4$.$a '$e&9"de CO2. A M C"2-', <<O, @ < -> .
C'&e$!' da SERA
1
2
3
4
5
2
1
!!
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 18/23
& < > < <>, <J >< <M <P -<< <> <> J@ >:
U,e&8$"' (a*a a %a&,e&6' c"dad'ada ($a&,a
A >< < > SERA f$'*e ,''$ S M < > SERA f$'*e ,''$ P, MJ@ > <> << ><- P <J > P@ P ;J<. D>, ><@MR ;J< >< <.
A)eced'* (a*a ' f&d'
C SERA '"$ !ea,"& e,, ;J< N ; <> > <P. A J
; <>. C J ;> > ; J <, J;> >> , ><@N ><> < > . A >, J < << ;J< . I < <M>> J ;J<, ; >< >> >@: " ><> J ,
< > >
>N<. " <> > -
>N< > . " < ;P
<. A <P > < >>-
> J <. A M >> ><> << <> >J-@ >.
18
Colocar correctamente as plantas
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 19/23
Sb,*a,' (a*a ($a&,a
AQ >M SERA '"$ !ea,"& e,,; ><> ;J<. D SERA >J P@ SERA f$'-*ede(', > <>> >< < ><> >@ <
SERA P*'fe"'&a$ f$'*e*'&d (J 8).# < > ><> . #< ><> ;, - <<O, < / << ;J<. # < <> >-<, < < > <J> ><->.
P*e(a*a* a ($a&,a
> @, > < @O , ; @> ; > . AN , <;>> <P > <> < <. A> < > ;J<, <>< <. #<< ;J-< J >N 2/3. &> <>, , <P >< <
> SERA f$'*e ,''$ S >N ; M3 , < @<< <M <J <P @ , <>>, >< @- <>.
19
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 20/2320
E <<, > > ;J< - @<< > -;J> (. . Echinodorus, Anubias ). ! P < ><- <-> <, , <> <P , <;>> > >> . A > ;J>-
> >< ><>-<, J ; J. #< , < ><<>< <> <>. > @, << > ;J> <@> > <<- < > <
(= < ><<><). ! >>, >< ;O ; > <- ><<, ; J, > ->M, < >< @ MR>. ! < , > <-<J > <<J @.
#< < > <P >M, > @ < ><> -> (. . SERA f$'*e&a ). SERA f$'*e($ >M > <->< <>.
E(ec"a$: P$a&,a de a)4*"' = ($a&,a a)4,"ca?
C'$'ca* a ($a&,a
FM < , M < > SERA f$'*e ,''$ P. C;> > > <.#<<, ;- < ; <@>. # >> -
> < >N M >@.D> , <P ><- -M <<> @< < . #< 20 >< J ;J<, ><-1 > SERA f$'*e&e,,e A ,<> <P
A< < < ;J<
!!
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 21/2321
C M (>N-<), >N <> >,< <> ;J< . C>,
> >< ;;< > J ><, ; <M @. A > >O - <J@ ;> <-> ><>. ! >>, >N ; <<> <> ; <> < >.D ; <> J@ >, > >< @> > ><> >< . &Q; > > <, N ;
<@> > <> <-<>. %>: > ;J> , @ > ><> <> .
C > ;J> -<, N P >< >>> . ! >>, > <M -<>>, ; SERA > < <@M
. #< >P>, -> >< <> -<> > <<. C M>J> > ; >< , > > > SERA b$ac#/a,e*a)a,a&, < >.# ><J<, N > < >;J>. D> , < <-> . E> >< >>, >M > -C, f"$,*' e0,e*"'* SERA f"$ b"'ac,".e + UV
SERA ",e%a UV-C 5 W, N J<@.
Plantas aquticas e algas
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 22/23
S"&,'%a Caa ('8.e$
F<M <> ><> , << M ><
>
A M N < ;
A < < ><- ><S-
D@ > <<, J << <T(<> @< >)
A > <>> < < Q M ;J<
E: #> ;J< = > ;J>?(J 20)
A< <>M, > <>> <O
#< N ; <>> ;, >N N P@ ; <@ >@ > <>> >< T><>
A <M @< <;> <@< >O < @<<
E> > <><P> > -O
D <@ > F<;>>, <Q ; > <@
" ><> / <P < D<> < <Q, <<- ><M
> < <>- >-
A > C"2 J < ; > <@
C"2 > < >M, ; <>M <> J
22
Problemas e solu"#es
7/23/2019 Manuais SERA - Água Doce - Plantas Maravilhosas No Aquário
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manuais-sera-agua-doce-plantas-maravilhosas-no-aquario 23/23
S'$-65'
C SERA ($a&, c'$'*, > ;J> < M J< . " > U-<> @ < >>P 1 , ><<, J ; < >
<>M << SERA '*e&a <@ > <<. A ><M ><M << SERA Te,e de Fe @> <O (@< : 0,2 /)
SERA '*e($ > <M @
" <@ >@ Q @ < > <> <P, <@, . . < <<> > ><@MR J , @ >< < >>, J ; >N > <, @> >
#< N <><>, SERA '*e&a >N M ;< >, >N O
D@ << > @> ><>@, SERA '*a SERA S("*$"&a Tab. < <Q - ><< <J > < < <Q SERA &a"$c'$$ec,
A<< <<> SERA $"%(ad'* de a*e' @> M <P . " -><> >@ SERA P*'fe"'&a$ '*e*'&d < @>M , @> <M ><M
F<>M C"2 Q, SERA ",e%a de CO2