manual system_2000-amt-mt.pdf

8/21/2019 MANUAL System_2000-AMT-MT.pdf

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System 2000.net

User Guide V8 Multifunction Receiver

RXU-3 Receiver

RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor

Version 3.0 February 2006


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System 2000.net

User Guide V8 Multifunction Receiver

RXU-3 Receiver

RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor

Version 3.0 February 2006

PHOENIX GEOPHYSICS


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Printed in Canada on water resistant Xerox Laser Never-Tearpaper.

This User Guide was created in Adobe FrameMaker 7.0.Writing and Production: Stuart Rogers.

Copyright 2006 Phoenix Geophysics Limited.

All rights reserved. No part of this Guide may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, or information storage and

retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Address requests for permission to:

Phoenix Geophysics Limited, 3781 Victoria Park Avenue, Unit 3,Toronto, ON Canada M1W 3K5, or [email protected].

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

V8 Multi-Function Receiver, V5 System 2000, System2000.net,SSMT2000 and the Phoenix logo are trademarks of Phoenix

G h i Li i d All h d k f d i hi


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Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About System 2000.net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2System applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3System configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Radio communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Electric and magnetic channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Table 1-1: System 2000.net configurations . . . . . . . . . . 5Data storage and processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Time series. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Stacked waveforms and stack results . . . . . . . . . . . .

Phoenix System 2000.netadvantages .

How to get further information and

support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 2: Quick Start Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Before you begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Installing the PC software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Step 1: Calibrate equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Step 2: Plan your survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Step 3: Create and install startup files . . . 12

Step 4: Transport equipment tothe field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Step 5: Set up the transmitter andRXU-TM (controlled source methods) . . 12

Step 6: Set up remote instruments . . . . . . 13

Step 7: Set up the V8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 8: Check the acquisitionparameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 9: Start recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 10: Adjust for quality control . . . .Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmitter signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plotted curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cycle completion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 11: Move to the next site. . . . . . . .


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Chapter 3: Common Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing and connecting system

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Handling locking-ring connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Connecting electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Shared vs. separate electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Separate electrodes for MT/AMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Installing porous pot electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Connecting the GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Installing and connecting magnetic sensors. . . . . . . . . 25Installing an air-loop sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Installing and removing the CompactFlash card. . . . . . 29Formatting a CF card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Connecting the external battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Connecting the V8-EX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Changing the V8-EX internal battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Starting and shutting down an RXU . . . . . 35

Understanding RXU LED indications . . . . . 35Original indication sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

System startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Initial satellite lock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

During data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37New indication sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

System startup and shutdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Instrument status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 3-1: Error and warning LED indications . . . . .System error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Satellite lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clock status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 3-2: Clock status LED indications . . . . . . . . .Instrument mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 3-3: Instrument mode LED indications. . . . . .Summary of complete sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the new indication sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Starting the V8 and navigating the useinterface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Starting and shutting down the V8. . . . . . . . . . . . .About controls, control areas, and focus . . . . . . .

Moving the focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Moving the focus in tab order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Moving the focus in random order. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Moving the focus within a control area . . . . . . . . . . .

Scrolling through lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Activating menu and button commands . . . . . . . . .

Entering and changing values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Typing text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scrolling through lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Editing spreadsheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Saving settings when closing windows . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Saving and loading settings files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Entering survey information. . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Entering Box information and changingmode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Understanding gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Table 3-4: Channel gain factors and signal strength . . . 56

Setting up instrument type, serial number, channels,and gains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Channel terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Understanding instrument modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Setup mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58CS Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58CS Pause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

CS Standby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Coil Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Box Cal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59GPS Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Pot Res Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Pot-Coil Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Setting up remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Setting up filtering and coupling. . . . . . . . 60Setting the low pass filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Low pass filter graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the line frequency filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting coupling parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Customizing the V8 by setting optionsCustomizing data and plot appearance . . . . . . . . . .

Checking instrument status . . . . . . . . . .

Calibrating the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .Calibrating the V8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Calibrating coil sensors (MTC-30/50) . . . . . . . . . . .Calibrating air-loop sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cancelling a calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing calibration results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Importing calibration files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Saving data files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Upgrading instrument capabilities . . . .

PC requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ensuring quality data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Storage and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Survey requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 4: Table Files and TblEdit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About table files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Startup table files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Site table files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

About TblEdit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Exploring TblEdit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Starting TblEdit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

The main window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

The File menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91The Edit menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91The Utilities menu

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92The View menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92The Help menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Creating and modifying table files . . . .Opening and saving table files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Editing acquisition parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Editing frequency stepping parameters. . . . . . . . . .Editing coil and loop sensor calibration parameters .

Editing the current sensor parameters . . . . . . . . . .Setting gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 4-1: CMU-1 gain factors and signal strength. .Editing communication settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Using table files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Editing Raw Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Viewing and printing System 2000.netfiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Converting table files to V5 System 20format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 5: RXUPilot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About Palm OS handheld devices . . . . . 108Additional documentation and software. . . . . . . . . . . 108

Meazura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Symbol SPT1800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Graffiti tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Infrared port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

About RXUPilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Launching RXUPilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Updating the display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Viewing and changing RXU serial number . . . . . . . . . 114Viewing location, GPS status, and clock status. . . . . . 114

Number of satellites acquired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115UTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Latitude, longitude, and elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Clock error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Clock status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Controlling calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Viewing and changing parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Accessing parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Changing parameter values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Saving parameters (startup.tbl). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Loading saved parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Viewing instrument status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121S/W Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Battery 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GPS FPGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front End FPGAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DSP Status:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disk Free Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up radio communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Network Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unit Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maximum Slaves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tx Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Addr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Encryption Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mstr Rng/Brng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master or Slave status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using master bearing to aim directional antennas . .Monitoring radio network quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Controlling data acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing station statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Enabling continuous update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Interpreting station statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scrolling through station statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installing RXUPilot upgrades. . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 6: The RXU-3E Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About the RXU-3E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Starting and shutting down the RXU-3E . . . . . . . . . . 132

Calibrating the RXU-3E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Cancelling a calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Setting up radio communication . . . . . .Setting up the network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquiring remote channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up local electric channels. . . . .

Operating and monitoring the RXU-3E.


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Chapter 7: The RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor and CMUCurrent Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

About the RXU-TM and CMU-1 . . . . . . . . . 142

Starting and shutting down the RXU-TM . . . . . . . . . . 142Calibrating the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Calibrating the RXU-TM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Calibrating the CMU-1 sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Cancelling a calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Setting up radio communication . . . . . . . 150Setting up the network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Setting up the RXU-TM, current sensor

and transmitter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operating and monitoring the RXU-TMSetting up frequency stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting channel gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 7-1: Gain factors and signal strength. . . . . . .Controlling data acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 8: Radio Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About System 2000.netradio. . . . . . . . . . 160Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Radio Type (Master or Slave) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Network address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Unit address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Encryption key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Antennas and masts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Types of antennas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Aiming directional antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163Types of masts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Communication content and schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Factors affecting radio communication. 166System gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Transmitter power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Transmitter gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Receiver gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Path loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 8-1: Path loss examples (2.4GHz). . . . . . . . .Gain margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Increase system gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Decrease path loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up radio communication . . . . . .Assembling antenna tripods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Installing an omni-directional antenna on a tripod . .Installing an omni-directional antenna on a mast. . .

Installing a whip antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operating the RXU radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operating the V8 radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Network initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 9: Frequency Stepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About System 2000.netfrequency

stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Table 9-1: Recommended frequencies forfrequency domain operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Automatic modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Table 9-2: Transmission codes and resulting

waveforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Creating a frequency schedule file . . . . . 186Converting the schedule to binary format . . . . . . . . . 188Examining a binary schedule file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Activating a schedule file . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up the Auto Stepping frequenctable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specifying non-pattern and pattern frequencies. . . Selecting a frequency-stepping pattern . . . . . . . . .Setting up the schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up automatic current reduction (roll-off)for T-200 and TXU-30 transmitters . . . . . . . . . . .

Activating Auto Stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 10: Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) . . . . . 1Using the SIP function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200Array layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Setting up SIP survey and siteparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Entering survey and instrument information . . . . . . . 202Entering array layout information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Entering channel information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Calculating co-ordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Modifying calculated co-ordinates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Completing SIP Site setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Setting up SIP acquisition parametersSetting up filtering and coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up frequency stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquiring SIP data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing channel results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Evaluating the data and correcting gain . . . . . . . . .Changing location along the survey line . . . . . . . . .


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Chapter 11: Controlled Source AMT (CSAMT) . . . . . . . 2Using the CSAMT function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Array layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Setting up CSAMT survey and site

parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Entering survey and instrument information . . . . . . . 219Entering array layout information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Entering channel information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Calculating co-ordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Modifying calculated co-ordinates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Completing CSAMT site setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Setting up CSAMT acquisitionparameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up filtering and coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting up frequency stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquiring CSAMT data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing channel results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Evaluating the data and adjusting gain. . . . . . . . . .Changing location along the survey line . . . . . . . . .


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xiii

Chapter 12: Time Domain Electromagnetics(TDEM, TEM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Using the TDEM function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Site layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Polarity considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Current source phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Transmitting loop orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Sensor orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Latest detectable signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233TDEM apparent resistivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Table 12-1: Time of latest detectable signal (ms) . . . 235Depth of investigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Setting up TDEM survey and siteparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Entering survey and instrument information . . . . . . . 236Entering array layout information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Ramp length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237Tx Loop Turns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Entering channel information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Updating co-ordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modifying calculated co-ordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Completing TDEM site setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up TDEM acquisitionparameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up filtering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up frequency stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting up sampling windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up automatic polarity correction . . . . . . . . .

Acquiring TDEM data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Viewing channel results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Evaluating the data and adjusting gain. . . . . . . . . .Changing location along the survey line . . . . . . . . .


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xiv

Chapter 13: Magnetotellurics (MT) andAudio-frequency MT (AMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

AMT and MT techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250Duration of soundings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Local, Remote, and Far Remote stations . . . . . . . . . . 251Telluric vs. magnetic deployments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Steps in a typical survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Choose the sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Allocate and schedule the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253Obtain permissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253Create a standard set of parameters.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Calibrating the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Setting up the survey sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Form a 3-person crew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Keep records throughout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Conduct an inventory and inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Verify the location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Determine the centre and place the instrument . . . . . . . 256Set up the telluric lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256Adjust for E-line difficulties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Set up the magnetic sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260Adjust for sensor difficulties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Measure and record electrode resistance and

dipole voltages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Start up and verify operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Protect the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Complete the layout sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Acquire data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retrieve the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Processing the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Exporting and interpreting the data . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up a survey site . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Verifying your location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Choosing the site centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up telluric dipoles (E-lines) . . .Connecting electrodes to the instrument. . . . . . . . .Measuring electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up magnetic sensors. . . . . . . . . .Choosing sensor locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Installing coil sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Connecting the sensors to the V8 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up the instrument. . . . . . . . . . . .Powering up the instruments and acquiring data . . .


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xv

Retrieving the equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Shutting down the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278Remeasuring electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Collecting the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Setting up MT/AMT survey and siteparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Entering survey information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Setting the North Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Entering telluric channels information. . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Entering magnetic channels information . . . . . . . . . . 282Incrementing the station position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Completing MT/AMT site setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Setting up MT/AMT acquisitionparameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Frequency ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Combining instrument types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 13-1: MTUMTU-A sampling rates (number of saper one-second record). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting the Data Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Setting up filtering and coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 13-2: Gain factors and signal strength. . . . . .Setting acquisition times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Setting sampling parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquiring MT/AMT data . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Monitoring MT/AMT acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A: Time Zone Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix B: Magnetic Declination Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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xvi

Appendix C: V8 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Frequency range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Clocking and synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Data storage and transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

External connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Electric channel inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Battery connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301GPS antenna connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Radio antenna connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Mechanical and environmental. . . . . . . .Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

User interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keypad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RXU-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RXU-TM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V8-EX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MTU family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MTU-A family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MTU-TXC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CMU-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MTU-2ESD, MTU-5ESD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MTU-2ES, MTU-5S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MTU-5LR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MTU-AI family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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xvii

Appendix D: Sample Layout Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Obtaining a supply of Layout Sheets . . . 306 Table D-1: Layout Sheet part numbers. . . . . . . . . .

Appendix E: Sample Equipment Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix F: Meazura Quick Start Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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xviii x


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1 Chapter 1

Chapter

Introductio

This chapter provides general information on Pho

Geophysics and the System 2000.netfamily of

instruments, including:

Phoenix V8 Multifunction Receiver

Phoenix RXU-3E Controlled Source Receiver

Phoenix RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor

Geophysical applications

Data processing

Radio communication

System advantages Support


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2 Chapter 1 Introduction About System 2000.net

About System 2000.net

System 2000.netis a family of geophysical instruments

comprising the V8 Multifunction Receiver, the

RXU-3E Controlled Source Receiver, and the RXU-

TM Transmitter Monitor. Additional components

include the CMU-1 Current Sensor, the MTC-50 and

AMTC-30 magnetic sensors, and the V8-EX

expansion unit and battery pack. System 2000.netis

the eighth generation of receiver technology developed

by Phoenix since 1975.

Each of the instruments is available in various

configurations and can optionally be equipped for

wireless communication in the unlicensed Industrial,Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band.

The V8 Multifunction Receiver is the heart of the

system. It can acquire up to eight channels of data

itself, and can incorporate and display data from

multiple RXU-3E two- or three-channel receivers and

an RXU-TM transmitter monitor as well. The V8 can

also remotely control the RXU instruments.

The RXU-3E receivers use the same controlled so

acquisition and communication hardware and sof

as the V8, but do not have a display screen. They

be controlled and monitored using a handheld Pa

OSdevice.

The system builds upon many of the most attractfeatures of the highly successful Phoenix V5, V6A

V5 System 2000, including light weight and perm

synchronization via Global Positioning System (G

satellites. The full-size ASCII keyboard and full-si

full-colour, sunlight-readable display of the V8 giv

operator hands-on control of the entire data acqu

process for all the most common IP and EM geoph

techniques.

When equipped with a V8-EX expansion unit, the

can acquire a total of eight channels simultaneou

up to seven electric channels and/or three magne

channels. The RXU-3E receivers can acquire two

three electric channels.

System 2000.netinstruments are synchronized to

0.2s, and are optimized to operate with transm


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similarly synchronized. The GPS synchronization and

optional radio communication mean that no cable links

are required between the receivers and the transmitter.

The receivers use the same circuit-board stack as the

world-leading V5 System 2000 MTU and MTU-A

receivers. The V8 produces the same time series

format for these techniques too, so both systems can

be used together in the same survey.

Phoenix Geophysics Ltd. gratefully acknowledges the

support of the Government of Canada through the

National Research Council's Industrial Research

Assistance Program (NRC-IRAP). IRAP is Canada'spremier innovation assistance program for small and

medium-sized Canadian enterprises and is regarded

world-wide as one of the best programs of its kind.

Phoenix has received approximately CDN$100 000

from the Industrial Research Assistance Program, and a

further CDN$90 000 in Government Research Tax

Credits in support of the System 2000.netproject.

System applications

Geophysicists use System 2000.netfor many indu

and scientific applications. EM techniques are valu

in exploration for:

Oil and gas

Diamonds (kimberlites)

Base and precious metals (as deep as 2000m

Groundwater

Geothermal reservoirs

Industrial minerals

...and for monitoring, engineering, and pure rese

applications.

The following EM techniques are available or plan

Induced Polarization (IP)

Controlled Source Audiofrequency Magnetotel

(CSAMT)

Magnetotellurics (MT, AMT, V8 only)

All common Time and Frequency Domain

Electromagnetics (TDEM, FDEM)

Resistivity



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The system will also be able to record or monitor time

series data from any suitable sensor, including

geophones.

System configurations

System 2000.netcomponents are highly flexible and

can be configured in a number of different ways to suit

customer requirements. (See Table 1-1, System

2000.net configurations, on page 5.)

Radio communications. Any of the System 2000.net

instruments can be ordered with radio communications

capability. An R appended to the model number

indicates that the instrument is equipped with the radiofeature.

Radio communication between instruments allows the

operator of the V8 to control remote RXU instruments

and view real-time data from them. The receivers can

also incorporate statistics from other instruments (a

transmitter monitor or remote noise reference, for

instance) in their own calculations.

Electric and magnetic channels. The number of el

(E) channels that can be measured varies from tw

seven. Electric channels can use two separate

electrodes (necessary for tensor measurements i

and AMT), or they can share electrodes (useful in

arrays for SIP and other techniques). The choice

shared or separate electrodes has no effect onmagnetic channels (if equipped).

The number of electric channels appears with the

E after the hyphen in the model number, unless

instrument also has magnetic channels.

The V8 can optionally be fitted with the V8-EX

expansion unit. The V8-EX houses a rechargeable

battery and provides eight additional binding postthree multi-pin connectors for channel connection

Future development will allow the use of

multiconductor cable for electric channels with th

When the V8-EX is not used, one of a series of ju

boards can be installed instead. These jumper bo

reconfigure the internal wiring of the V8 to suit th

channel arrangement required.


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Table 1-1: System 2000.net configurations

Modela

a. An R appended to the model number indicates radio communication capability.

E channels Hchannels

Applications and NotesSeparate Mode Shared Mode

V8-3E, -3ER 2 3 SIP. V8-EX not supported.

V8-3H, -3HR 3 MulTEM, LoTEM. Typically used with one magneticsor.

V8-6, -6R 2 3 3 MT, AMT, CSAMT, MulTEM, LoTEM. V8-EX supportednot required.

V8-7E, -7ER 4 7 Small-scale dipole-dipole IP. Requires V8-EX or muconductor cable.

V8-8, -8R 4 7 3 Same as V8-7E, plus CSAMT.

RXU-3E, -3ER 2 3 CSAMT, SIP.

RXU-3, -3R 2 1 Time Domain EM.

RXU-TM, -TMRwith CMU-1

All controlled-source applications. Monitors, controstores, and reports transmitter parameters.

RXU-TC, -TCR Transmitter controller for controlled-source applicawhere current monitoring is not required.



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Data storage and processing

System 2000.netinstruments are equipped with

removable CompactFlash cards (CF cards) as the

data storage medium. These small, re-usable cards can

store up to 512MB of data.

If radio communication is established, the V8 can

process and include the data from RXU-3E instruments

(including a remote noise reference station) and an

RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor. If radio communication is

absent or unreliable, the V8 displays only its own

results; however, all the instruments save their own

data for post-processing, regardless of the radio state.

Time series. In MT and AMT surveys, the entire timeseries from each channel is stored on the CF card for

later transfer to a PC. Processing takes place on the PC.

Stacked waveforms and stack results. In types of

surveys other than MT and AMT, processing occurs in

real time and the V8 displays the results in graphical

and/or numeric form.

The instruments acquire a stacked waveform

approximately every 10s (or at least one signal

period). From this, the instruments calculate an

estimate of several geophysical parameters (e.g.

amplitude, phase, resistivity, chargeability). The

individual estimates are called stack results. Sta

results are saved on the CF card; stacked wavefocan also be saved if desired. (At frequencies


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7 Chapter 1 Introduction Phoenix System 2000.net advantages

Phoenix System 2000.netadvantages

Phoenix Geophysics has been at the forefront of EM

system development since the introduction of theMT-16 in 1980, representing the third generation of MT

technology.

First-generation systems had appeared in the 1950s

when Cagniard in France and Tikhonov in Russia

developed the MT method and began using analog

instruments, processing their data largely by hand.

Second-generation equipment introduced in the mid-1960s included minicomputers, tape recorders, and

truck-mounted AC generators. Since Phoenixs entry

into the market, successive generations of equipment

have added more and more sophisticated computing

capability, increased numbers of channels and

functions, battery power, remote reference capability,

and the locating and synchronizing functions of the

Global Positioning System. At the same time, Phoenix

has been able to continuously reduce both the capital

and operating costs associated with EM surveys.

The V8 equipment and software available today le

the world in EM instrumentation. The low power, 2

acquisition units are small, lightweight, simple to

operate, and highly flexible. Far more data is coll

than ever before, providing the highest quality re

Phoenix products are the only receivers on the m

that do not require cable connections among mul

instruments.

The field configuration and spacing of the instrum

is completely flexible, to suit the requirements of

application. Because no cable links are required

between the instruments, System 2000.nethas a

important advantage in areas with rugged topogrlakes, water courses, or other access difficulties.

GPS synchronization means that sites even very

remote from the survey can be used to acquire

reference data, vastly improving the quality and

reliability of the survey results.

8 Chapter 1 Introduction How to get further information and support


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How to get furtherinformation and supportContact us at:

Phoenix Geophysics Ltd.

3781 Victoria Park Avenue

Unit 3

Toronto, ON, Canada

M1W 3K5

Telephone: +1 (416) 491-7340

Fax: +1 (416) 491-7378

e-mail: [email protected]

Web site: www.phoenix-geophysics.com


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9 Chapter 2

Chapter

Quick Start Referenc

This chapter provides an outline of the general pr

involved in conducting a survey with System 200

equipment. It also serves as an aid to finding furt

information within this User Guide.

10 Chapter 2 Quick Start Before you begin


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Before you begin

To familiarize yourself with System 2000.net, you

should read several other sections of this User Guide:

Install the necessary Phoenix software on your PC

before continuing. Several programs are provided on

the CD-ROMs supplied with your system. You need to

install the startup table editing program and the

visualization and post-processing software associated

with the geophysical method(s) for which you

purchased a licence.

Installing the PC software

Use the following sections to determine which sof

programs you need. To install the software, open

corresponding folder on the Phoenix software CD

and double-click the Setup.exe file. Follow the on

screen instructions.

To learn about: See page:

The user interface and operations com-mon to all methods and equipment

17

The RXU-3E 131

The RXU-TM 141

Controlling RXUs with a handheld device 107

Radio networking 159

For this requirement: Install this softw

All systems TblEdit and V8S

CSAMT CMT Pro

SIP SIP Pro

TDEM TEM Pro

MT and AMT SSMT2000*

*SSMT2000 is supplied on a separate CD-RO


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11 Chapter 2 Quick Start Calibrate equipment

Step 1: Calibrate equipmentAll instruments and sensors (current monitors and

induction coils or loops) must be calibrated before use.

Calibration also serves to verify that the instruments

and sensors are working properly.

Instructions for calibrating can be found in this Guide at

these locations:

Step 2: Plan your surveyDetermine the geophysical method and the layou

parameters (e.g., electrode spacing) that you wil

in your survey. Read the chapter on the geophysi

method to learn about layouts, arrays, site param

and acquisition parameters; read Chapter 9,

Frequency Stepping on page 177, to learn how

up controlled source frequencies:

To calibrate this equipment: See page:

V8 72

RXU-3E 132RXU-TM 143

CMU-1 current monitor 145

MTC-50, AMTC-30 sensor 74

AL-100 air-loop sensor 77

To learn about: See pa

SIP 199

CSAMT 217

TDEM 231

MT, AMT 249

Controlled Source Frequency Stepping 177

12 Chapter 2 Quick Start Create and install startup files


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Step 3: Create and installstartup files

If a table file named startup.tbl is present on the

CompactFlash card when an instrument is powered on,

the settings in that file will be loaded into memoryautomatically. This feature makes it easy to program a

number of instruments with identical settings and also

allows acquisition by an RXU to begin automatically.

(The V8 will not begin acquiring automatically,

regardless of the setting in the file.)

For instructions on creating startup.tbl files, see

Chapter 4,Table Files and TblEdit on page 87. Create

the startup files and copy them to the CompactFlashcards you will be using. Install the cards in the

instruments.

Step 4: Transport equipmento the fieldUse the sample equipment checklist in Appendix

page 309as a model to create your own checklist

Gather your instruments, tools, and other equipmand transport them to the field.

Step 5: Set up the transmitteand RXU-TM (controlledsource methods)If you are using any of the controlled source met

set up the RXU-TM and your transmitter and its p

source:

For instructions on setting up the RXU-TM, see Ch

7,The RXU-TM Transmitter Monitor and CMU-1

Current Sensor on page 141.


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13 Chapter 2 Quick Start Set up remote instruments

For instructions on using Phoenix transmitters and

motor generators, refer to the User Guides provided

with that equipment.

Power up the RXU-TM and wait for it to acquire GPS

lock.

Start up the transmitter and adjust the output as

required.

Use RXUPilot to verify that the frequency and output

current displayed by the transmitter gauges match the

frequency and current monitored by the RXU-TM.

Note The CMU-1 current monitor measures current at a partof the waveform different from where it is measuredby the transmitter itself. The RXU-TM will normallyreport a value that is 10% to 20% lower than thetransmitter gauge.

Step 6: Set up remoteinstrumentsIf you are using both RXU and V8 instruments, se

the RXU instruments and power them on. Make sthey have been calibrated and have GPS lock.

For instructions on setting up an RXU, see Chapte

The RXU-3E Receiver on page 131.

For instructions on setting up radio communicatio

Chapter 8,Radio Communication on page 159.

Step 7: Set up the V8Set up the V8 and power it on. Make sure it is

calibrated and has GPS lock.

Open the Site Setupdialog box for the geophysi

method you are using and complete the setup

information:

14 Chapter 2 Quick Start Check the acquisition parameters

di


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If you are using radio communication, check the

network status: the Updatecells in the Box

spreadsheet should be highlighted in red.

Step 8: Check the acquisitionparametersClose the Site Setupdialog box and open the

Acquisition Parametersdialog box. Check that the

settings (especially the frequency table in controlled

source methods) are correct.

Step 9: Start recordingSelect the Start Recordingcommand on the

instrument(s). If you are using a radio network a

have selected Remote Controlfrom the V8, all

instruments on the network will start recording wi

few seconds.

Step 10: Adjust for qualitycontrolExamine the real-time results of the acquisition a

make adjustments as necessary.Gain. Check the status bar and/or the signal stren

bar charts to see if saturations are occurring, and

reduce the gain on affected channels. In TDEM, t

blue bars should reach no more than 40% of full s

the green bars may reach 100% of full scale, espe

in early time windows. In other controlled source

methods, the green bars should reach no more th

40% of full scale.

To learn about: See page:

SIP site setup 202

CSAMT site setup 219

TDEM site setup 235

MT, AMT site setup 279


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15 Chapter 2 Quick Start Move to the next site

Transmitter signal. In controlled source methods

(other than CSAMT), evaluate the transmitter signal.

Phase should be close to zero and the current should

be uniform across the frequency spectrum (except

perhaps in the highest frequencies where current

strength may fall off).

In CSAMT, the transmitter is generally too far away

from the receiver for effective monitoring.

Standard deviation. Evaluate the standard deviation of

signal amplitude: it should be no more than about 1%

(5% for CSAMT). Evaluate the standard deviation of

phase: it should be no more than about 10 milliradians

(5 degrees for CSAMT).

Local conditions may sometimes prevent these levels

from being reached.

Plotted curves. Evaluate the plotted curves, which

should be smooth. Error bars should be relatively

small.

Cycle completion. In controlled source methods, wait

until a full cycle of the frequency table has been

completed. The total time of the table will have

elapsed, the curve on the plots will be complete,

the status bar will again display frequencies from

beginning of the table.

If the plotted curves are not satisfactory, you sho

record more than one complete cycle of the frequtable.

Step 11: Move to the next siWhen results are satisfactory at the first site, sto

recording by putting the instrument in Standbym

or by saving the Setup.tbl file and choosing theShutdowncommand.

Move the equipment to the next site in the survey

Return to the Site Setupdialog box and either e

new co-ordinates or use the Next Sitecommand

have the V8 automatically calculate co-ordinates.

Repeat the sequence of recording data and adjusfor quality control.

16 Chapter 2 Quick Start Move to the next site


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17 Chapter 3

Chapter

Common Operation

This chapter contains task-oriented procedures fo

operations that are common to most geophysical

techniques.

Instructions are provided for:

Making equipment connections

Navigating the V8 user interface

Calibrating the equipment

Customizing the V8

Ensuring quality data

18 Chapter 3 Common Operations Installing and connecting system components

Installing and connecting Connection of radio antennas is described in Chap


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Installing and connectingsystem components

This section describes how to connect the various

components of System 2000.net. Some components

are required for every setup; some are optional ordepend on the equipment configuration.

All instruments require these connections:

Ground electrode

GPS antenna

Battery (unless the battery is contained in the

V8-EX expansion unit)

In addition, instruments may require theseconnections:

E-channel electrodes

H-channel magnetic sensors

Short-range, long-range, or directional radio

antenna

V8-EX expansion unit (V8 only)

Jumper board (V8 only)

Connection of radio antennas is described in Chap

Radio Communication.

Warning To prevent damage to the instrument, alwa

connect the ground electrode to the GNDter

first, before making any other connections. Connecting electrodes on page 20.

Handling locking-ring connectors

Many connections are made with military-grade

cylindrical bayonet-lock connectors equipped with

protective caps or locking rings. Most of these cap

be joined together in pairs to keep them clean wh

the equipment is in use.

Fig. 3-1: Military-grade cylindrical connector and cap.

!


41/347


The GPS antenna and battery connections are made

with similar but smaller locking connectors; the

instrument terminals have caps, but the cable ends do

not.

Fig. 3-2: GPS and Battery connectors.

To remove a protective cap:

On an instrument or a magnetic sensor, push on thecap and turn it counterclockwise.

On a cable end, hold the cap in one hand and with

the other hand, push the locking ring toward the

cap and turn the ring counterclockwise.

To make cable connections:

Fit the cable end to the receiving connector and

turn the locking ring clockwise until it locks in place.

To disconnect a cable:

Push the locking ring toward the connection a

turn the ring counterclockwise.

Fig. 3-3: Cables joined with military-grade cylindrical connect

connector caps joined for protection from dirt.


To keep connectors clean: Connecting electrodes


42/347

To keep connectors clean:

1. When a connection is made, always join the two

loose protective caps and lock them to each other.

(See Fig. 3-3and 3-4.)

2. When disconnecting equipment, always replace the

protective caps immediately and lock them in place.

Fig. 3-4: Sensor connector caps joined for protection before burial.

Connecting electrodes

For MT and AMT surveys, buried porous pot elect

should be used. For other survey techniques, met

rods driven into the ground or porous pot electrod

shallow holes can be used. If porous pot electrode

used, they should be bedded in a salty mud mixtureduce contact resistance.

It is important that the instrument be grounded b

any other connections are made, and that all elect

have the lowest contact resistance possible.

Shared vs. separate electrodes. A single electrode

be shared by two channels on the same instrume

Sharing is typical in controlled source techniquesis the default configuration of the V8 and RXU-3E

channel is measured across each pair of adjacent

binding posts.

Note A single electrode can notbe shared by two

instruments. If an electrode station must be usetwo instruments, install two electrodes, separatat least 1m. Less separation will result in crosstaphase errors.


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The receiver terminals are marked 1, 2, 3 (shared

mode) or 1, 2 (separate mode), and GND.

Separate electrodes for MT/AMT. Separate mode is

typical in MT/AMT surveys where two orthogonal

dipoles are used. In this case, channel 1 is the North-South dipole, and channel 2 is the East-West dipole.

Fig. 3-5: V8 terminal connections for MT/AMT.

Fig. 3-6: RXU terminal connections for MT/AMT.

To connect electrodes for MT/AMT:

1. Connect the four E-lines to their appropriateterminals:

North electrode to channel 1 red terminal

South electrode to channel 1 black termina

East electrode to channel 2 red terminal

West electrode to channel 2 black terminal

2. Double check the connections.

North East

WestSouth

North

EastWest

South


W i T t d t th i t t l4. Thread the twisted strands of the cable throug


44/347

Warning To prevent damage to the instrument, always

connect the ground electrode to the GNDterminal

first, before making any other connections.

To connect a cable to the instrument:

1. If necessary, remove 22.5cm of insulation from

the end of the cable, and twist the strands tightly

together.

2. Wrap the exposed end of the coaxial shield with two

or three layers of electricians tape.

Fig. 3-7: An electrode cable stripped and wrapped with

electricians tape.

3. Unscrew the binding post nut on the instrument

until it stops. (The nuts cannot be removed.)

4. Thread the twisted strands of the cable throug

hole in the shaft of the terminal and wrap the

end clockwise around the shaft. If your cable is

thick, you may have to cut some of the strand

the insulation in order to fit the wire through

hole in the shaft.

Fig. 3-8: Cable threaded through the instrument termina

Wrap the free end around the shaft before tightening theterminal.

5. Tighten the binding post nut securely.

6. Make sure that there are no loose strands tha

could touch other wires or the instrument cas

!


45/347


Installing porous pot electrodes

Figure 3-9shows a porous pot electrode installed for

long-term soundings. For short soundings, the loose

dirt cover is not required. The cable from the electrode

to the instrument is called an E-line.

Have a quantity of salt water (50g/L) prepared.

Fig. 3-9: Electrode installation.

To install an electrode:

1. Dig a small hole about 2050cm deep, removing

any sizeable rocks.

2. Loosen the dirt at the bottom of the hole, or re

a bit of the loose dirt just removed.

3. Pour in at least 1L of salt water and mix it wit

dirt to form a uniform mud. In porous or sand

and in hot weather, you may need to use mor

waterenough to keep the electrode damp fo

duration of the sounding.

4. Place the electrode upright in the hole, rotatin

back and forth to position it solidly in the mud

leaving the electrode cable extended outside t

hole.

5. For long-term soundings (e.g., MT, AMT), cove

electrode completely by filling the hole with lodirt.

6. Connect the electrode cable to the instrument

terminal or to the E-line cable, as described in

next section.

To connect E-lines to the electrodes:

1. Remove 22.5cm of insulation from the ends

cables.

salty mud

mixture

loose dirt to cover

electrode (MT, AMT)~1545 cm

~2050cm

electrode cable spliced to E-line

and wrapped with electrical tape


2. Hold the E-line and the electrode cable side by side Connecting the GPS antenna


46/347

y

with the ends pointing in the same direction.

3. Divide the strands of the electrode cable in half,

twist one half tightly around the bare end of the E-

line, and then twist the remaining half over top of

the first half. This assures a good electrical

connection.

4. Wrap the joined wires with two or three layers of

electricians tape.

5. Tie an overhand knot near the splice, treating the

two cables as if they were one. (The splice can

remain connected for the duration of the survey.

The knot prevents the splice from being pulled

apart when the electrodes are moved.)

Tip Other than in monitoring applications, cable splices willbe temporarytheyll have to be separated when you

retrieve the equipment after the last sounding. To savetime, when you wrap a splice, always leave the free endof the electricians tape doubled back or twisted onto

itself. When you retrieve the equipment, the loose endof tape will be easy to grasp and unwrap, even whenwearing gloves.

Connecting the GPS antenna

The global positioning system (GPS) antenna mus

always be connected to the V8, RXU, and RXU-TX

when operating or calibrating the equipment, bec

the satellites provide the necessary time signals.

cable has two connectors: one with slots for quicconnection to the instrument, and one with threa

connection to the antenna.

Fig. 3-10: GPS antenna cable connectors.

to GPS

antenna

to instrument


47/347


To connect the GPS antenna:

1. Screw the threaded connector of the antenna cable

to the underside of the antenna head. (See

Fig. 3-10 on page 24.)

2. Fit the slotted connector to the GPSANTconnector onthe instrument as described on page 19.

3. Open the antenna tripod and position the GPS

antenna so that it is level, stable, and has

unobstructed sight lines to as much of the sky as

possible. If necessary, tape the antenna tripod to

another object (e.g., a stake, post, or larger tripod)

so that it is raised above tall grass or shrubs.

Installing and connecting magneticsensors

Magnetic sensors can be connected individually to the

three multi-pin connectors on the V8-EX. Alternatively,

they can be connected using a 3-way cable that

connects to the AUXILIARYconnector on the V8 itself.

Follow the instructions forHandling locking-ring

connectors on page 18when making these

connections.

If using a 3-way cable, be sure that each sensor

connected to the correct pigtail. The cable is mar

with one ring for Hx, two rings for Hy, and three rfor Hz. (See Fig. 3-11.)

Connect the single-connector end of the 3-way ca

the AUXILIARYterminal on the V8.

Fig. 3-11: Three-way sensor connector cable.

For best results, sensors should be buried in a sh

trench in order to minimize vibration-induced noi

Hz

Hy

Hx

t


Correct identification, careful levelling, and accurate 2. If you are keeping track of equipment deploym


48/347

orientation are crucial to obtain good sensor data.

Tip To identify the sensor cables, tie a loose single overhandknot about 40cm from the end of the Hxcable before

connecting it to the V8. Tie two overhand knots in theHycable, and three in the Hzcable. With this method,

even if the lines become disorganized around the V8, itwill be easy to verify that the cables are connected tothe correct terminals.

Be sure that no metal objects such as belt buckles,vehicles, or shovels are close enough to distort compassreadings.

If you tie a short piece of rope around the coil beforeburying it, youll be able to pull the coil free of the

ground more easily when retrieving the equipment.Never try to free a coil by pulling on the cable; the

connector may break.

To position and orient a horizontal coil sensor:

1. Designate the sensor as Hxor Hyand record its

serial number on the Layout Sheet.

then also record the identifying number of the

sensor cable to be used.

3. Gather up:

the sensor

one end of the sensor cable

a shovel

a spirit level

a handheld compass

4. Carry the equipment to the location chosen fo

sensor, pulling the sensor cable as you go.

5. Lay the sensor on the ground and use the com

to orient it reasonably accurately. Be certain t

the free end is to the (nominal) north for Hx,

the (nominal) east for Hy.


49/347


Tip To orient a coil easily, open the handheld compass fully

and rotate the housing to the desired azimuth. Thenhold it at waist level directly over the coil and align thecompass North marking with the needle. Sight past thelong edge of the compass to the side of the coil to judge

its alignment.

Adjust the coil as necessary until it lines up perfectly

with the long edge of the compass.

To bury a horizontal coil sensor:1. Use a shovel to mark the outline of a trench about

1015cm beyond each end of the oriented sensor

and the same distance from each side.

2. Move the sensor aside and dig the trench about

40cm deep, keeping the bottom smooth and level

and piling the soil alongside the trench.

3. Connect the cable to the sensor.

4. Lay the sensor in the trench in the correct ori

tation, using the spirit level to place it as accu

level as possible. You may have to deepen or

part of the trench to do this.

5. Use the compass to orient the sensor as accu

as possible.

Note If you adjust the sensor in any direction, alwaysrecheck the accuracy of both orientation and lev

6. Taking care not to disturb the sensor, replace

soil in the trench and pack it down gently. (Do

mound the soil over the coil, or you will increa

wind noise.)

7. If there is excess cable, lay it out in S-shapes

windy areas, weight down the cables with roc

dirt every metre or so as you return to the sit

centre.

To install a vertical coil sensor:

1. On the Layout Sheet, record the Hzcoil serial

number.

Align coil with compass edge


2. If you are keeping track of equipment deployment,

h l d h d f b f h

9. Taking care not to disturb the coil, replace the

l f b ld l l


50/347


sensor cable.

3. Gather up:

the sensor


a shovel

a post-hole digger or an auger

a spirit level

4. Carry the equipment to the location chosen for the

sensor, pulling the cable as you go.

5. Dig a narrow hole deep enough to completely bury

the sensor. If this is too difficult, dig as deeply as

possible and plan to mound additional soil over the

top of the coil.

6. Connect the cable to the sensor.

7. Place the sensor in the hole and steady it by

replacing about half the excavated soil.

8. Use the spirit level to position the coil vertically as

accurately as possible, measuring at two places at

right angles to each other on the side of the coil.

remaining soil. If necessary, build a gently-slo

mound of additional soil over the top until the

completely buried.

10. If there is excess cable, lay it out in S-shapes

windy areas, weight down the cables with roc

dirt every metre or so as you return to the sitcentre.

Installing an air-loop sensor

If the ground is too rocky to allow burial of a vert

coil, use an air-loop as the Hzsensor instead.

To install an air-loop sensor:

1. On the Layout Sheet, record the Hzair-loop s

number.

2. If you are keeping track of equipment deploym


sensor cable.

3. Gather up:


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the sensor


a tape measure

4. Carry the equipment to the location chosen for the

sensor, pulling the cable as you go.5. Arrange the air-loop flat on the ground so that:

The air-loop forms a perfect square (opposite

corners should be 8.8m apart).

The pre-amplifier is at one corner of the square.

The cable to the V8exits the pre-amplifier toward

the right when viewed from within the air-loop.

Fig. 3-12: Air-loop cable must exit the pre-amplifier toward the

right when viewed from within the air-loop.

6. Weight down the air-loop and its cable with rocks or

dirt every metre or so. If there is a risk of distur-

bance by humans or animals, consider buryin

air-loop completely.

Installing and removing the

CompactFlash card

The instruments store their parameters and data

CompactFlash (CF) card. The CF card fits into a s

the front of the RXU or the side of the V8, protect

a small watertight cover. If you try to operate the

instrument without a CF card installed, the V8 St

bar will display an error message. The LED of an

will flash an error code.

CF cards are expensive and contain your valuable

Protect them from damage by storing them in plas

fabric cases when they are not in use.

Warning Never insert or remove a CompactFlash cardthe instrument is powered! Serious damage

unit may result.

Hz 8.8m

!

30 Chapter 3 Common Operations

Installing and connecting system components

To insert the CompactFlash card:


52/347

Fig. 3-13: CompactFlash cards in protective case.

To access the CompactFlash card slot:

1. Locate the card slot on the front of the RXU or the

side of the V8. If the instrument is inside its canvascase, you many have to peel back the flap that

covers the card slot.

2. Unlock the card slot cover by lifting the ring on the

handle and turning it 90 counterclockwise.

3. Lift the slot cover away from the instrument.

1. Ensure that the instrument is powered off.

2. Hold the CompactFlash card by the bottom co

with the front of the card facing the hole for th

cover lock. See Figs. 3-14and 3-15on page 3

3. Slide the card gently into the slot and press it

place.

Fig. 3-14: Inserting the CompactFlash card in the V8.


53/347


Fig. 3-15: Inserting the CompactFlash card in the RXU.

To remove the CompactFlash card:

1. Ensure that the instrument is powered off.

2. Eject the card partially by pressing the small square

button beside it. (See Fig. 3-16 on page 31.)

3. Hold the card by the two corners and withdraw it

from the slot.

Fig. 3-16: CompactFlash card eject button.



To replace the card slot cover:

1 Ali th i f th l t t i ht l t thNote The formatting utility provided by SanDisk corpo

i t tibl ith Ph i i t t


54/347

1. Align the ring of the slot cover at right angles to the

length of the cover.

2. Place the bevelled edge of the cover against the

instrument case and push the cover handle fully

into the case.

3. Turn the cover handle one-quarter turn clockwise to

lock.

Warning Never operate the instrument without aCompactFlash card installed and the card slot

cover locked in place.

Formatting a CF cardCompactFlash cards must be correctly formatted before

use.

is not compatible with Phoenix instruments.CompactFlash cards must use the FAT or FAT16system applied by the Windows formatting utilitnot format as FAT32 or NTFS.

If you experience PC system crashes when inseCompactFlash card into the reader, the problem

be caused by static electricity. Touch a groundeobject such as an unpainted area of the computebefore inserting the card.

To format a CompactFlash card:

1. Insert the card into a card reader connected t

PC.

2. Double click My Computer.3. Right-click the CompactFlash card drive letter

click Format

4. If your operating system is Windows XP, be su

that the File system is set to FAT. (In earlier

Windows versions, the file system is always F

5. If desired, type a volume label (a name for th

disk).

!

f i k l d l h h kb l d l bl l


55/347


6. If Quick Formatis selected, clear the checkbox.

7. Click Start.

When formatting is complete (it takes only a few

seconds), click Close. The card is ready for use in

Phoenix instruments.

Connecting the external battery

Each instrument is powered by a 12V DC battery, which

should be fully charged prior to use. (Follow the

instructions provided on the Battery Charging Quick

Reference Guide.) RXU instruments use an external

battery; the V8 can use an external battery or theV8-EX with an internal battery.

If you are providing your own batteries, ensure that

they have the capacity to power an instrument for your

planned acquisition durations.

Newer Phoenix BTU-type (gel) batteries are shipped

with the cable ends bolted to the battery terminals;

older batteries were shipped with the cable unattached.

For long-term soundings, a special cable is availa

that allows two batteries to be connected in paral

This cable can also be used to replace a battery w

turning the instrument off.

Note Make all other connections, and always a grounconnection, before connecting a battery to theinstrument.

To connect a BTU-type battery:

1. Examine the battery terminals and clean off a

corrosion that might prevent a good electrical

connection. (Use sandpaper, emery cloth, or a

blade to carefully clean the terminals.)2. If the cable ends are not bolted to the battery

terminals, attach the alligator clamps to the

terminals (red clamp to the positive [+] term

black clamp to the negative [] terminal). En

that the connection is secure and of corre

polarity.



Tip On batteries with spade terminals, attach the alligatorclamps so that they grip the edges rather than the flat

4. Align the three guide pins and the threaded s

on the V8-EX with the matching holes on the s


56/347

clamps so that they grip the edges rather than the flatsurfaces of the terminals. The greater tension from theclamp springs helps ensure a good connection.

3. Fit the slotted connector to the EXTBATTterminal on

the instrument as described on page 18.

Connecting the V8-EX

The V8-EX expansion unit provides eight additional

binding posts, three multi-pin connectors, and

optionally an internal battery. The V8-EX attaches to

the V8 on the side opposite the CF card slot.

To connect the V8-EX:

1. Ensure the V8 is powered off.

2. Remove the protective cover from the side of the

V8.

3. Remove the protective cover from the connector on

the V8-EX.

on the V8 EX with the matching holes on the s

the V8.

5. Turn the knob on the side of the V8-EX clockw

until the V8-EX is firmly screwed to the V8.

To disconnect the V8-EX:1. Ensure the V8 is powered off.

2. Turn the knob on the side of the V8-EX fully

counterclockwise until the V8 separates from

V8-EX.

3. Replace the protective covers on the connecto

both the V8 and V8-EX.

Changing the V8-EX internal batt

The V8-EX can house an optional lithium-ion batt

making the V8 and battery combination more eas

portable.

To change the V8 EX batte To sh t do n an RXU


57/347

35 Chapter 3 Common Operations Starting and shutting down an RXU

To change the V8-EX battery:

1. Use a Phillips screwdriver to fully loosen the two

stainless steel screws on the bottom of the V8-EX.

(The screws cannot be removed.)

2. Lift up the triangular wire handle and pull the

battery pack out of the V8-EX.

3. Insert the replacement fully-charged battery and

tighten the two stainless steel screws.

Starting and shutting down an

RXUTo start an RXU:

Press the red POWERswitch on the top of the

instrument to the ONposition and release it.

After a short delay, the red LED between the Nand Sterminals

will flash, then light steadily for about 30s.

To shut down an RXU:

Press the POWERswitch down (toward the POW

label) and release it.

The LED will light steadily, then go out when shutdown is

complete.

Warning Disconnecting the battery before shutting d

the RXU may result in damage to equipmenloss of data. Always wait for the LED indicatgo out before disconnecting the battery.

Understanding RXU LEDindicationsThe LED between the two centre electrode termin

(see Fig. 3-17 on page 36)provides an indication

the RXU status. There are two possible coded

sequences for the flashing patterns of the LED. E

models of RXU use a sequence similar to that of

Phoenix System 2000 MTU receivers. Later mode

!


Understanding RXU LED indications

a new sequence that provides more information to the

operator.

Initial satellite lock. To synchronize with UTC and

data acquisition, transmitter control, or calibratio


58/347

p

Fig. 3-17: Instrument LED indicator.

Original indication sequence

In models with early firmware, for most indications the

LED flashes in a sequence that repeats every 12s. This

sequence combines information about the number of

satellites acquired and the status of the instrument

(standing by, recording, idling after recording).

System startup.

During system startup, the LED flashes once, then

again, then lights steadily for about 30s. This

pattern is the same as in the early firmware and in

System 2000 MTUs.

q , ,

RXU must receive signals from at least four GPS

satellites. (The instrument may actually acquire u

eight satellites, but only indicates the first four.) U

normal conditions, satellite lock takes less than 1

A longer delay may indicate poor antenna positioor a faulty antenna or cable.

Before acquisition, the LED pattern is 1s on, 1

for each satellite acquired, for up to four sate

Fig. 3-18: Before data acquisition, one satellite acquired.

Fig. 3-19: Before data acquisition, two satellites acquired

| | | | |

seconds

| | | | | | | | | | |

seconds

each satellite acquired to a maximum of four


59/347

37 Chapter 3 Common Operations Understanding RXU LED indications

Fig. 3-20: Before data acquisition, three satellites acquired.

Fig. 3-21: Before data acquisition, satellite lock achieved (four or

more satellites acquired).

During data acquisition. The RXU can acquire site or

calibration data any time after the initial four-satellite

lock has been achieved. It is not necessary for satellitelock to continue uninterrupted, because the RXU

internal clock stays synchronized with UTC for several

hours even if satellite lock is temporarily lost.

During Controlled Source acquisition, the LED

pattern is the same as before acquisition (as just

described).

During MT or AMT data acquisition, the LED flashes

in a pattern of one second on, two seconds off, for

each satellite acquired, to a maximum of four

satellites.

Fig. 3-22: During MT/AMT acquisition, one satellite acqui

Fig. 3-23: During MT/AMT acquisition, two satellites acqu

Fig. 3-24: During MT/AMT acquisition, three satellites acq

Fig. 3-25: During MT/AMT acquisition, four or more satel

acquired.

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

seconds

| | | | | | | | | | | | |2

seconds

| | | | | | | | | | |

seconds

| | | | | | | | | | |

|seconds

| | | | | | | | | | |

seconds

| | | | | | | | | | |

seconds


Understanding RXU LED indications

Tip You can learn the exact number of acquired satellites bychecking the GPS window of the RXUPilot program. Or, if

Seven seconds are used to indicate the status of

instrument, including warning and error messages


60/347

checking the GPS window of the RXUPilot program. Or, ifthe instruments are on a radio network with a V8, youcan check the Optionsdialog box on the V8. Thenumber of satellites may vary from 0 to 8.

After data acquisition. The RXU can be programmed to

continue operating at idle or to shut down at the end ofsite data acquisition. It will idle after calibration data

acquisition.

If the RXU shuts down, the LED will go out.

If the RXU is idling, the LED will flash in a pattern of

one second on, 5 seconds off.

Fig. 3-26: Idling after site or calibration data acquisition.

New indication sequence

In models with later firmware, for most indications the

LED flashes in a sequence that repeats every 15s.

seconds are used to indicate the status of satellite

The satellite indication is always aligned with UTC

seconds :00, :15, :30, and :45. Two seconds are

to indicate the status of the on-board clock, and f

seconds are used to indicate the instrument mod

System startup and shutdown.

During system startup, the LED flashes once,

again, then lights steadily for about 30s. This

pattern is the same as in the early firmware a

System 2000 MTUs.

During system , the LED lights steadily until

shutdown is complete. Do not disconnect batt

power until the LED goes out.

Instrument status. Seven seconds of the sequenc

used to indicate either that the instrument is

performing normally or that there is an error or a

potential error, such as overheating or low battery

voltage.

| | | | | | | | | | | | |seconds

If the instrument is performing normally the LED is Table 3-1: Error and warning LED indication


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39 Chapter 3 Common Operations Understanding RXU LED indications

If the instrument is performing normally, the LED is

off for one second, then lights steadily for 5

seconds, then goes off for one second.

Fig. 3-27: Indication of normal operation.

If an abnormal condition exists, the LED will flicker

rapidly for 350ms as an alert, and will then flash

from one to seven times, 50ms on, 350ms off (seeFig. 3-28). Table 3-1explains the meaning of the

number of flashes.

Fig. 3-28: Pattern of flashes indicating errors and warnings.

| | | | | | | | | | | |

seconds

satellites and clocknormal operation

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

seconds

warnings/

errorsalert satellites and clock

g

FlashesMessage

typeMeaning

1 Warning Battery voltage is less than 11

2 Error CompactFlash card is not insta

3 Warning Instrument internal temperatu

manual system_2000-amt-mt.pdf

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