manuele peretti mediterranean trade
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MEDITERRANEAN TRADEBY MANUELE PERETTI
WSC 5.05 Intro to Wine Business
INTRODUCTION
Wine has evolved as part of Mediterranean life, culture and diet.
The importance of wine to the Ancients can be seen in many places. Vine
cuttings in silver sleeves were sometimes buried with the dead,
probably in the hope that vineyards could be planted in the afterlife.
INTRO CONTINUED
Wine was a magical beverage, associated with gods and religious occasions.
Wine and vines were desirable commodities for trade by many early Western civilizations.
All of this made wine special for religious, social, and commercial reasons.
SPREAD OF WINE INDUSTRY WITH SPREAD OF THE CIVILISATION
The earliest evidence of winemaking originates from the shores of the
Eastern Mediterranean to present day Iran.
Winemaking began to flourish under the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt.
HARVESTING AND PRESSING WINE IN ANCIENT EGYPT
(Tomb of Nakht of Thebes)
SPREAD OF WINE INDUSTRY WITH SPREAD OF THE CIVILISATION
From the Nile Delta, ships and caravans took wine to other trading centres of the Mediterranean.
Ancient Greeks made wine an important part of their social life.
Wine became an important trade commodity for the Romans and as the Roman Empire expanded………
…. they took it with them!
SPREAD OF VITICULTURE FOLLOWING COLONISATION
Evolution of Viticulture Middle East Egyptians
Greeks
Roman
Empire
SPREAD OF VITICULTURE FOLLOWING COLONISATION
Egyptians took viticulture to a different level deliberately and meticulously expanding their knowledge.
Greeks improved it by classifying different varieties and planting new vines in conquered territories.
With the expansion of the Roman empire, new vines were planted in new territories.
Romans introduced wine growing all over the conquered Mediterranean and
European lands.
SPREAD OF VITICULTURE FOLLOWING COLONISATION
By the end of the roman Empire in 476AD the Wachau, Mosel, Rheingau,
Pfalz, Burgundy, Bordeaux, Rhone Valley and La Rioja regions had become centres of the European wine industry,
as they are today.
REVIEW OF THE CURRENT INDUSTRY
France17%
Italy12%
Spain5%
Germany11%
Portugal2%
Romania1%
Greece2%
Hungary1%
Rest of the World
48%
Wine Consumption in 2012
Wine consumption in 2012: biggest Mediterranean Wine Producers vs Rest of the World
REVIEW OF THE CURRENT INDUSTRY
France19%
Italy18%
Spain14%Germany
4%Portugal
3%Romania
1%Greece
1%Hungary
1%
Rest of the World
38%
World Wine Production 2012
Wine’s World Production in 2012: biggest Mediterranean Wine Producers vs Rest of the World
REVIEW OF THE CURRENT INDUSTRY
France15%
Italy21%
Spain20%
Germany4%
Portugal3%
Romania0%
Greece0%
Hungary0%
Rest of the world35%
Wine Export in 2012
Wine’s World Exports in 2012: biggest Mediterranean Wine Producers vs Rest of the
World
OUT OF CURIOSITY………
Current Wine Production in Historical Countries (million litres) and NZ
Turkey Israel Georgia Armenia Lebanon Egypt Syria Iran Vs NZ
120 27 11.5 6.1 5.4 5 0.8 0 194
And here the 2012 total wine production for the countries that gifted us with the magic of winemaking.
INFLUENCES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WINE INDUSTRY ON THE REST OF THE WORLD
European explorers brought their wine - and their vines - with them to the new world.
In the mid 16th century in South America.
California during the 19th century. In the same century, vineyards were
established in South Africa, Australia and than New Zealand.
INFLUENCES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WINE INDUSTRY ON THE REST OF THE WORLD
Settlers explored new lands and planted vineyards all over the world.
INFLUENCES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN WINE INDUSTRY ON THE REST OF THE WORLD
All the major wines are produced with Mediterranean Vitis Vinifera varieties.
Mediterranean Wines are the most produced and exported
Until few decades ago, Mediterranean Wines were the benchmark for all the producers around the world.
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
The economic crisis has been the biggest challenge for the Mediterranean Wine Industry in the last few years.
CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
Wine consumption is decreasing due to public awareness campaigns about alcoholism and new generations shifting to beer and other alcoholic beverages.
Wine appellation in many Mediterranean countries could be too restrictive for a possible future climate change.
REFERENCES:
Dominè, Andrè. (2000). Wine. Cologne: Könemann.Foulkes, Christopher. (Ed.). (1994). Larousse Encyclopedia of Wine. Paris: Larousse.Johnson, Hugh. (1989). The Story of Wine. London: Mitchell Beazley International. Australian and New Zealand wine industry directory online article on World Comparisons in the Wine Industry,
retrieved on 30 July 2013:http://www.winebiz.com.au/statistics/world.aspInternational Organisation of Vine and Wine, 2012 Statistical report on global vitiviniculture, retrieved on 30
July 2013:http://www.oiv.int/oiv/cms/index?rubricId=44538631-7ad2-49cb-9710-ad5b957296c7Estreicher, S.K. (n.d.). Wine the past 7400 years, retrieved on 30 July 2013:http://www1.mpi-halle.mpg.de/~md_simul/data/special-data/wine-history.pdfJONES, G.V., WHITE, M.A., COOPER,O.R., STORCHMANN,K. (2003). CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WINE
QUALITY, retrieved from:http://www.recursosdeenologia.com/docs/2005/2005_climate_change_and_global_wine_quality.pdfWine Producing regions. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved on 11 August 2013:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_regionsUSDA Foreign Agricultural Service. (2013). CY 2012 EU-27 Wine annual report and statistics. Bettini, O. :http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Wine%20Annual_Rome_EU-27_2-22-2013.pdfAn American in Rome. Retrieved 13 August 2013:http://anamericaninrome.com/wp/category/italian-wine/Wine Regions. Laithwaiteswine. Retrieved on 13 August 2013http://www.laithwaiteswine.hk/about_wine/AboutWineRegions.aspx#.UgoDiJLI3jgHistory of Wine: Celebrating in moderation. Wine Moderation-Art de vivre. Retrieved on 12 August 2013:http://www.wineinmoderation.eu/en/wine-a-culture-of-moderation/history-of-winehttp://shortyshandmade.blogspot.co.nz/2011/10/boredom.html