manufacturing technology. learning standards 4. manufacturing technology manufacturing is the...
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ManufacturingTechnology
ManufacturingTechnology
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Learning StandardsLearning Standards4. Manufacturing Technology
Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into physical goods, involving multiple industrial processes (e.g., assembly, multiple stages of production, quality control).
4.1 Describe and explain the manufacturing systems of custom and mass production.
4.2 Explain and give examples of the impacts of interchangeable parts, components of mass-produced products, and the use of automation, e.g., robotics.
4.3 Describe a manufacturing organization, e.g., corporate structure, research and development, production, marketing, quality control, distribution.
4.4 Explain basic processes in manufacturing systems, e.g., cutting, shaping, assembling, joining, finishing, quality control, and safety.
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Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesStudents will be able to:
1) Define Production Process
2) Define & Explain 3 Separating Processes- Sawing / Drilling / Turning
3) Define & Explain 4 Forming Processes- Bending / Casting / Forging / Extruding
4) Define & Explain 4 Combining Processes- Mechanical Fastening / Heat Fastening / Snap Joint Fastening / Gluing
5) Define & Explain 3 Finishing Processes- Smoothing / Coating / Polishing
6) Define Manufacturing
7) Explain the difference between Custom Manufacturing & Mass Production
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives8) Explain the importance of interchangeable parts to the
Mass Production process
9) Explain the importance of robots to the Mass Production process
10) Describe & explain the organization of a manufacturing organization
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Production ProcessesProduction ProcessesSteps taken to change raw materials so that they can be made into products
Process
Raw Material
Product
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SeparatingSeparatingA process that removes pieces of material to make it the size & shape you want
Cutting the object to make it the size you want
Sawing:
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SeparatingSeparatingMakes a hole in the material
Drilling:
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SeparatingSeparatingSpinning a piece of metal or wood on a machine and using a sharpened tool to shape it
Turning:
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FormingFormingA process that changes the shape of the material - No material is added or taken away
Material is shaped by forcing part of it into a different position
Bending:
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FormingFormingLiquid material is poured into a mold, it takes on the shape of the mold as it hardens
Casting:
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FormingFormingShaping metal by heating it and then hammering it into the shape you want
Forging:
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FormingFormingSoftened material is squeezed through a small opening. The material hardens and retains the shape of the opening
Extruding:
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CombiningCombiningA process that joins materials together to make finished product
Using small piece of metal or plastic to hold parts together (Nails, screws, staples, nuts & bolts, rivets, velcro, etc.)
Mechanical Fastening:
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CombiningCombiningHeating materials so that they soften & flow into each other(Welding & Soldering)
Heat Fastening:
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CombiningCombiningHolds things together without a separate fastener (CD Case)
Snap Joint Fastening:
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CombiningCombiningUsing an adhesive to stick one part to anotherGluing:
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FinishingFinishingA process that improves a product’s appearance and/or its performance
To make flatSmoothing:
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FinishingFinishingUsing paints, clear finishes or plastic tocover & protect the material
Coatings:
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FinishingFinishingMakes the material glossy (or shiny)
Polishing:
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ManufacturingManufacturingof converting raw materials
The processinto physical products
Raw Materia
l
Product
Process
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Comparison of Custom Manufacturing & Mass Production
Comparison of Custom Manufacturing & Mass Production
Custom Manufacturing Mass Production
Usually made in limited numbers
Same item produced many times
Made exactly as the person it is being made for wants it
Not made exactly how a person wants it
Made from start to finish by same worker (or small group of workers)
Workers only work on one part of the product
Worker(s) is/are usually a skilled craftsmen
Product is often machine made
Products can be produced using Custom Manufacturing or Mass Production
ManufacturingManufacturing
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Custom Manufacturing: Advantages & Disadvantages
Custom Manufacturing: Advantages & Disadvantages
Custom ManufacturingAdvantages
Custom ManufacturingDisadvantages
You can get the product exactly how you want it
Usually has a higher cost
Product is unique – no one has exactly the same one
Product takes longer to make
Product is not easily replaceable
Mass Production: Advantages & DisadvantagesMass Production: Advantages & Disadvantages
Mass ProductionAdvantages
Mass ProductionDisadvantages
Product can be made quickly Will not be made exactly how you want it
Product can be made at a lower cost
Product will not be unique
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Mass ProductionMass ProductionOne of the first products to be mass produced was… the Automobile
Ford Model T (1908)
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Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principlesof Mass Production
Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principlesof Mass Production
1) Reduction of Wasted Effort:Henry Ford’s goal was to have his cars produced by workers without wasting time & effort
2) Interchangeable Parts:Ford’s idea was to reduce cost by making the individual pieces of the car the same every time
3) Continuous Flow:Car was constantly moving through assembly stations while the workers stayed in one place
4) Division of Labor:
Workers were specialized & focused on one task when building car
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Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principles
of Mass Production
Henry Ford’s 4 Main Principles
of Mass Production InterchangeableParts
ContinuousFlow
Division ofLabor
Reduction ofWasted Effort
More cars were produced
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Assembly LineAssembly Line
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Assembly LineAssembly Line
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Assembly LineAssembly Line
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Assembly LineAssembly Line
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Assembly LineAssembly Line
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Manufacturing OrganizationsManufacturing Organizations
In many companies the overall process is led by the CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
Groups of people (departments) are responsible for different parts of the manufacturing process
The CEO works with other leaders in the company to make sure that quality products are made and sold
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Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments
Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments
Marketing:Helps determine what types of products should be made & sold
Makes sure company understands wants & needs of customer
Research & Development:
Researches & develops plan to make product after consulting with Marketing
Meets with other organization leaders to get plan approved
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Production:
Makes product after idea has been approved
Quality Control:
Makes sure the product meets appropriate standards when being made
Makes sure workers are safe when making product
Safety:
Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments
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Sales:
Sells the product
Distribution:Transports the product to where it can be bought
Manufacturing OrganizationDepartments
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RobotsRobots
Take their instructions from a computer that has been programmed by a human
Can be programmed to do different tasks
Do jobs that are dangerous, boring or unpleasant for people
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RobotsRobotsEven though they are expensive manufacturing companies have found robots to be very useful