MANURE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Money is like manure.

Unless you spread it around, it doesn't do

much good

Nutrients of Primary ConcernNutrients of Primary ConcernNutrients of Primary Concern

Nitrogen -N

Phosphorus - P

Nitrogen Nitrogen --NN

Phosphorus Phosphorus -- PP

~ 1/2 - 1“Soil/Water

Mixing Zone

Soil SurfaceParticulate P

(Sediment)

Soluble P(Dissolved)

Soil

P Transport To Surface Waters

Runoff

Dissolved P vs. 0 to 2-Inch Soil Test P adapted from Sharpley et al. 1994. JEQ 23:437-451

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 100 200 300 400 500

Cropland, r Cropland, r 22 = 0.85= 0.85

Grassland, r Grassland, r 22 = 0.90= 0.90

Mehlich 3 Soil test P, lb/AMehlich 3 Soil test P, lb/A

Dis

solv

ed P

in R

unof

f, pp

mD

isso

lved

P in

Run

off,

ppm

Grassland, r Grassland, r 22 = 0.62= 0.62

Tillage D P PP Total DP Total PPIntensity Concentration Loss (lb/A)

Reduced

Conventional

DP = Dissolved PPP = Particulate P

?

?

Several Studies Indicate That Up To 90% Of Annual P Loading May Come From Less Than

10% Of Landscape (Heathwaite et al., 1998)

P Threshold Approach• Critical soil test levels established above

which P applications are prohibited or restricted

• Critical soil test levels based on water quality criteria ?

P Threshold Approach• Advantages

– Simple, understandable and easy to implement– Based on water quality (hopefully)– Much better than agronomic response soil test approach

• Disadvantages– Assumes all of landscape has equal environmental sensitivity– Does not consider P transport– Developed mainly for manure management– Does not address cultural management of soils – Based on limited data

Critical STP Values

State Level Method-- mg/kg --

AR 150 Mehlich 3CO 100 AB-DTPADE 120 Mehlich 1KS 100-200 Bray 1OH 150 Bray 1OK 130 Mehlich 3WI 75 Bray 1TX 200 A&M

Source: Daniel et al., 1998; http://ces.soil.ncsu.edu/sera17/

(1) Input Form for Nutrient Utilization Plan Worksheet DATE:

GENERAL INFORMATION:

Producer: Me CROP ROTATION:

Year* Crop Yield

County: Ness Field ID: 1 Previous: 2000 Corn xxx

Initial: 2001 Corn 170

Category: 1 80 2002 Corn 170

2003 Corn 170

Max Soil Test P Level (ppm): 200 2004 Corn 170

2005 Corn 170

KDHE Permit Number * Previous is the year prior to the initial year of the plan.

or KDHE Application No: 123 1,000 ** Percent of maximum manure allowed, projected to be

TYPE OF IRRIGATION: SOIL ANALYSIS:

None (dryland) x Mark an "x" in the box Soil Type Testing Method Depth NO3 - N ppm

Center Pivot that most closely Check Appropriate Box "x" Check Appropriate Box 0 - 6" 6

Dragline/inject identifies your system Sandy Soil Bray-1 x 6 - 12" Traveling Gun Med & Fine Texture x Mehlich-3 12 - 18"

Flood Olsen 18 - 24"

MANURE ANALYSIS (from your report) -- liquid or solid solid MANURE BOOK VALUES* SWINE WASTE INFORMATION:

Nutrient mg/kg ppm lbs/acre-in lbs/ton N** Waste Characteristics: Mark an "x" in appropriate box below (

Total N 12000 12000 0 24.0 Solid, Without Bedding - Incorporated (within 24 hours) Organic N 8500 8500 0 17.0 P2O5** Solid, Without Bedding - Surface applied

NH4-N 3500 3500 0 7.0 Solid, With Bedding - Incorporated (within 24 hours)

NO3-N 0 0 0 0.0 * Enter these values only Solid, With Bedding - Surface applied

P2O5 11000 11000 0 22.0 if you do not have manure Liquid Pit, Incorporated (within 24 hours)

Was swine waste applied to this field analysis figures and you Liquid Pit, Surface Applied

Last year (Y/N)? N are using book values Lagoon, Incorporated (within 24 hours) Two years ago (Y/N)? N other than listed in "Manure" Lagoon, Surface Applied

** (lbs/ton)

NOTES:

Crop Acres in Field:

Estimated Annual Swine

Waste for Application

(Tons or Gallons)

Developed by: Kansas Department of Agricu and Kansas State Univers

For information contact: Garry L. Keeler (785) 296-3786 (1.2) email: GKeeler@KDA.st

Yield % of max

xxx applied**

170 100%

170 100%

170 100%

170 100%

170 100%

l year of the plan.

ed, projected to be applied.

NO3 - N ppm P ppm

6 18

xxxxxx

xxx

opriate box below (one only)

hours)x

urs)

partment of Agriculturesas State University.

Garry L. Keeler(785) 296-3786

GKeeler@KDA.state.ks.us

Kansas Department of Agriculture

Maximum P Soil Test:

200 / 150ppm Bray P1 Mehlich 3

78 / 57 ppm OlsenMaximum P Soil Test:

150 / 100 ppm Bray P1 Mehlich 3

57 / 38 ppm Olsen

Maximum P Soil Test:

100 ppm Bray P1 or Mehlich 3

38 ppm Olsen

22 “ Precipitation 30 “ Precipitation

22 “ Precipitation 30 “ Precipitation

Kansas New Swine Manure Regulations - 1999

Kansas P Index

• NRCS approach to P management

• Under development/review

• Difficult to identify data for development

Kansas P Index

• P Source– Soil test P– P fertilizer application rate and method– Organic P application rate and method

• P Transport– Soil erosion– Soil runoff class– Distance to surface water or drainage way– Irrigation erosion

Source Characteristics Phosphorus Loss Rating Benchmark After

Bray P1 orMehlich III Soil Test Olsen Soil Test

< 25 ppm < 16 ppm 1 Soil Test P 26 - 50 ppm 17 - 31 ppm 2 2 2

51 - 75 ppm 32 - 47 ppm 476 - 100 ppm 48 - 62 ppm 8

>100 ppm > 62 ppm 10

Lbs Fertilizer P2O5 Applied 20 20

0.10 X (lbs P2O5) 2.0 2.0

0

1 1 1

8

Lbs P2O5 Applied Contained In Manure or Compost 0 70

0.10 X (lbs P2O5) 0.0 7.0

0

1

8

June 2004 Total Source Value 5.0 14.0

4

Selected Value

Annual Average Fertilizer P

Application Rate (lbs P2O5/ac)

None applied

Starter applied at planting or injected deeper than 2 inches

Broadcast AND incorporated Nov-Feb or July-Aug ORFertilizer P Application

Method

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Sep-Oct and Mar-June

Annual Average Organic P

Application Rate (lbs P2O5/ac)

None applied

Starter applied at planting or injected deeper than 2 inches

Broadcast AND incorporated Nov-Feb or July-Aug OR

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Nov-Feb or July-Aug with standing corn, sorghum or smallgrain residue or hay and pasture land

Organic P Application

Method

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Sept-Oct or Mar-June with standing corn, sorghum or smallgrain residue or hay and pasture land OR

Broadcast AND incorporated Sept-Oct or Mar-June (no residue or pasture)

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Sep-Oct and Mar-June

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Nov-Feb or July-Aug with standing corn, sorghum or smallgrain residue or hay and pasture land

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Nov-Feb or July-Aug (no residues or pasture) OR

Broadcast AND incorporated Sept-Oct or Mar-June (no residue or pasture)

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Sept-Oct or Mar-June with standing corn, sorghum or smallgrain residue or hay and pasture land OR

2

2

Broadcast / NOT incorporated Nov-Feb or July-Aug (no residues or pasture) OR

2

4

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Placed with planter or subsurface applied at least 2 inches deep

Broadcast and incorporated within 48 hours of application

Broadcast and NOT incorporatedwith growing summer crop,standing residues, hay, or pasture

Broadcast and NOT incorporated or incorporated more than 48 hours after applicationwithout growing summer crop orresidues

Best Phosphorus Application Good Phosphorus ApplicationManagement Practice Management Practice

Poor-Fair Phosphorus Application Poor Phosphorus ApplicationManagement Practice Management Practice4 points

Phosphorus Application Calendar

1 point 2 points

8 points

Kansas P Index Source Components

Kansas Site Assessment Index - Phosphorus

Benchmark After

Average From Ephemeral and Classic Gully 0 02 X (tons/ac./yr.) 0.0 0.0

Tons From RUSLE 1.5 1.52 X (tons/ac./yr.) 3.0 3.0

Very Low 0 Low 2 2 2

Medium 4High 8

Very High 16

0

Within 300 feet of intermittent stream

16

024 8 16

0

2 2 2

4

8

16 * Effective buffers are permanent vegatative buffers meeting NRCS standards Total Transport Value 11.0 11.0

X

(From Page 1) Total Source Value 5.0 14.0

Total Transport Value X Total Source Value = P Loss Rating Value 55 154

P Loss RiskVERY LOW

MEDIUM

Soil Run-off Classification

(From NRCS Kansas Map Unit Descriptions)

Transport Characteristics

Selected Value

QS > 6 for severe erodibility hazard soils

Furrow Irrigation Erosion QS is gallon/minute/furrow divided by the % slope. Soil

erodibility hazard factors are in Table 1.

Soil Erosion by Water (tons/acre/year)

Proximity of field to perennial streams,

perennial surface water bodies or intermittent

streams

180 to 300 feet of perennial stream or water body - without effective buffer *

Within 180 feet of perennial stream or water body - without effective buffer *

Immediately adjacent to perennial stream or surface water - with effective buffer *

Immediately adjacent to perennial stream or surface water - without effective buffer *

Within 180 feet of perennial stream or water body - with effective buffer *

180 to 300 feet of perennial stream or water body - with effective buffer *

N/A

With tail water recovery, QS < 6 severe erodibility hazard soils and QS < 10 other soils

QS > 10 for slight erodibility hazard soils

QS > 10 for moderate erodibility hazard soils

Sprinkler System Erosion/Run-off

(Sandy soils include all sands and loamy sands.

Non-sandy soils include all others (See Table 2).

N/A or little or no runoff indicated

LP on 0 to 3% slopes or HP on 0 to 8 % slopes for non-sandy sites or all sandy sites

HP on non-sandy sites > 8 % slope, and LP on non-sandy sites 3 to 5 % slopes

LP on non-sandy sites 5 to 8 % slopes

LP on non-sandy sites 8 % or steeper slopes

2

4

Field not in proximity of intermittent stream

Page 2

4

8

4

Kansas P Index Transport Components

Field not in proximity of intermittent stream 0

Within 300 feet of intermittent stream

180 to 300 feet of perennial stream or water body - with effective buffer *

180 to 300 feet of perennial stream or water body - without effective buffer *

Within 180 feet of perennial stream or water body - with effective buffer *

Within 180 feet of perennial stream or water body - without effective buffer *

Immediately adjacent to perennial stream or surface water - with effective buffer *

Immediately adjacent to perennial stream or surface water - without effective buffer * 16

8

4

2Proximity of field to perennial streams, perennial surface water bodies or

intermittent streams

Proximity to surface streams and other surface water bodies ---

Kansas Phosphorus Site Index Management Interpretations

P Loss Rating Value

P Site Index Interpretation Management Suggestions

0 - 75 VERY LOW

76 - 150 LOW

151 - 300 MEDIUMImplement practices to reduce P losses by surface runoff and erosion.

Consider crops with high P removal capacities. In some cases P fertilizer will not be needed. Restrict manure application and a long

term P management plan should be used.

301 - 600 HIGHIf current practices are continued and site characteristics do not change, there is a risk of adverse impacts on surface water. P

management needs to be modified to reduce the risk of P movement . Use phosphorus-based nutrient management planning.

> 600 VERY HIGHCurrent practices are likely creating adverse impacts on surface water quality. Management practices should be modified to reduce hazards.

Additional P applications are not warranted.

NRCS, June 2004

If current farming practices are continued and site characteristics do not change, there is low probability of an adverse impact to surface

waters from P losses at this site. Nitrogen based nutrient management planning is satisfactory for this site.

Kansas P Index - Manure Application Interpretations

0-31

P Index Approach

• Advantages– Comprehensive view of P loss from

landscape– BMP's are a logical conclusion– Flexibility

• Disadvantages– Not ready for implementation in many

states– Inputs not trivial

High Soil P

Low Soil P

Barn Area

Prior Manure Application Practices

May Make It Desirable To Change Application Patterns and/or Split

Fields For Soil Sampling.

Approximate Fertilizer Value of Manure - Liquid Handling System

Animal Available Nutrients

N P2O5 K2O S

lb/1000 gal.

33 25 38 5-8

27 20 38 ---

25 10 32 3

72 49 53 ---

Swine

Beef Cattle

Dairy

Poultry

Source: University of Choice

MANURE LAB RESULTSNutrient content normally reported on an ‘as-is’ moisture basis.

Lbs per ton (as-is)Lbs per 1000 gallons

Lbs per acre-inch

Percent Nutrient = ppm / 10,000Lbs per ton = Percent X 20

Lbs per 1000 gallons = Percent X 85

Sent to: MANURE SURVEY Lab no.:1261 Date received: 1-Sep-98

Date reported: 16-Apr-01

Results for: MANURE SURVEYSample Identification: SW KS FEEDLOTS

Estimated availableTotal content, first year,

pounds per ton pounds per ton(as rec'd) (as rec'd)

NUTRIENTSNitrogen

Nitrogen, total N ............... 1.05 % ........... 21.0 ........... 10.8 Organic-nitrogen, OrgN ............... 0.91 % ........... 18.2 ........... 8.0 Ammonia-nitrogen, NH4-N ............... 0.14 % ........... 2.8 ........... 2.8 Nitrate-nitrogen, NO3-N ............... < 0.01 % ........... < 0.1 ........... < 0.1

Major & secondary nutrientsPhosphorus, P ............... 0.42 %Phosphate, P2O5 ............... 0.96 % ........... 19.2 ........... 17.3Potassium, K ............... 1.09 %Potash, K2O ............... 1.26 % ........... 25.2 ........... 25.2Sulfur, S ............... 0.29 % ........... 5.8 ........... 2.5Calcium, Ca ............... 2.31 % ........... 46.2 ........... 46.2Magnesium, Mg ............... 0.25 % ........... Magnesium oxide, MgO ............... 0.42 % ........... 8.4 ........... 8.4Sodium, Na ............... 0.22 % ........... 4.4 ........... 4.4

MicronutrientsZinc, Zn ............... 131 ppm ........... 0.26 ........... 0.13Iron, Fe ............... 6386 ppm ........... 12.77 ........... 6.39Manganese, Mn ............... 192 ppm ........... 0.38 ........... 0.19Copper, Cu ............... 24 ppm ........... 0.05 ........... 0.02Boron, B ............... 13 ppm ........... 0.03 ........... 0.01

OTHER PROPERTIES:

Moisture ............... 21.8 % ........... 436Solids (total) ............... 78.2 % ........... 1564

Organic matter (volatile solids) ............... 21.1 % ........... 422Ash (fixed solids) ............... 54.7 % ........... 1094

Carbon:nitrogen ratio ............... 11:1Electrical conductivity, EC ............... 49.0 mmho/cmpH 7.7Total salts ............... 8.6 % ........... 172

Servi-Tech Laboratories1816 East Wyatt Earp - P.O. Box 1397 - Dodge City, Kansas 67801

Phone 620-227-7123 * FAX 620-227-2047

MANURE/BIOSOLIDS ANALYSIS RESULTS

Analysis results,"as received" or

"wet" basis

Survey of manure analyses conducted by Servi-Tech Laboratories, Dodge City, Kansas, from manure samples submitted from January 1996 to December 1998.. Samples submitted by cattle feedlots, consultants, and crop advisors from southwest Kansas. Sponsored by Kansas Livestock Association.

MANURE LAB RESULTS

Liquid Minn. (51 Farms) Wisc. (260 Samples)Swine Ave. Range Ave. Range

Total N 48 7-107 40 1-281Total P2O5 28 3-64 19 1-141Total K2O 21 7-51 15 2-83

Variability Of Liquid Swine Manure Analysis

J.B. Peters and S.M. Combs, Wisconsin, 1998

Segregation ??

DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS IN SOLID AND LIQUID PORTIONS OF

MANURE

0

20

40

60

80

100

N P2O5 K2O

Light Blue = solid

Blue = liquid

% Moisture 18 21 36 27 66 27 30% Dry Matter 82 79 64 73 34 72 70

% Moisture 20 48 51 27 30 40 17% Dry Matter 80 52 49 73 70 60 83

Compost

Solid Manure

Cattle Manure / Compost Moisture Content

Analysis From: Ray WardWard LaboratoryKearney,NE

Crop Unit P2O5 K2OAlfalfa lbs/ton 12.00 60.00Red clover lbs/ton 12.00 50.00Bermudagrass lbs/ton 12.00 40.00Bromegrass lbs/ton 12.00 40.00Fescue, tall lbs/ton 12.00 40.00Corn lbs/bu 0.33 0.26Corn silage lbs/ton 3.20 8.70Grain sorghum lbs/bu 0.40 0.26Sorghum silage lbs/ton 3.20 8.70Wheat lbs/bu 0.50 0.30Sunflowers lbs/cwt 1.50 0.60Oats lbs/bu 0.25 0.20Soybeans lbs/bu 0.80 1.40Native grass lbs/ton 5.40 30.00

P and K Removal In Crops

•Crop requirements

•N content of manure

•Ratio of organic/inorganic-N

•Method of application

•Previous cropping history

•Residual nitrogen

•Mineralization rate (manure and soil)

•Rainfall

Manure Nutrient Management - Rate

3

Nitrogen Cycle

Animal Manures

Soil OrganicMatter

Crop Residues

Plant Uptake NO3-

Nitrate

NH4+

Ammonium

LegumeFixation of

AtmosphericN2

FertilizerNitrogen

Nitrogen Fixation byLightning

Ammonia LossThroughLeaves

Immobilization

Immobilization

Removed byHarvest

Removed by Denitrification(Gaseous Loss from Wet Soils

Removed byLeaching

Mineralization

(Nitr

ifica

tion)

Mineralization

General guidelines for mineralization of organic nitrogen in manure for

warm season crops:

Estimated Organic N Available To Crops After Manure Application

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3- - - % Of Original Organic N Available - - -

Liquid Manure 30 12 6Solid Manure 25 12 6Compost 20 6 3

RATIO OF NH4-N AND ORGANIC-N IN MANURE

Solid Manure Liquid Manure

NH-N Organic NH4-N Organic

Dairy 45 55 50 50

Beef 35 65 50 50

Swine 60 40 70 30

Turkey 65 35 - -

Application Methods• Broadcast• Broadcast incorporated• Injected

– knife– sweep

• Irrigation

100%

90%

50%

90%

65%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%5%

Sweep Injected

Immediate Incorporation

1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7+ DaysKnife Injected

Sprinkler Irrigation

Time Between Broaccast Surface Application and Incorporation

Figure 1. Percent Of Inorganic N Available To Crops For Various Manure Management Systems

Estimated Organic N Available To Crops After Manure Application

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3- - - % Of Original Organic N Available - - -

Liquid Manure 30 12 6Solid Manure 25 12 6Compost 20 6 3

P & K CREDITS FOR MANURE

-% available first year

Phosphorus -

V.Low - Optimum 0.50

High - V.High 1.00

Potassium - 0.85 -100

Phosphorus Management Model For Kansas Crop Production and Manure Management.

Rel

ativ

e Yi

eld

(%)

VL L M H VH

100 %

95 %

50 %

Maximum ?50 ppm

Crop Responsive Soil Test Range MaintenanceRange

ManureManagement Range

Environmental Risk Range

EX

Nutrient Recommendation No ApplicationManure

Allocation

10 ppm 20 ppm 30 ppm

20 ppmCritical Value

30 ppmUpper Build

BuildRecommendation

SufficiencyRecommendation

MaintenanceRecommendation

StarterStatement

StarterStatement

Bray 1 Soil Test (ppm)

StarterStatement

StarterStatement

SOLID MANURE MANAGEMENT NUTRIENT CREDITING WORKSHEET

(A) (B) (C)Manure Test

ResultsX Nutrient Availability Factors = Plant Available

Nutrients

(Lbs/Ton) (Lbs/Ton)

Organic N 25% Available In Year

Of Application

NH4+ - N Ammonium Availability

Factor From Figure 1.

Total NSum Of AvailableOrganic & NH4

+-N

TotalP2O5

0.5 For Low-Medium P Soil Tests

1.0 For High-V. High P Soil Tests

Total K2O

0.25

0.85

LIQUID MANURE MANAGEMENT NUTRIENT CREDITING WORKSHEET

(A) (B) (C)Manure Test

ResultsX Nutrient Availability Factors = Plant Available

Nutrients

(Lbs/1000 gallons (Lbs/1000 gallons

Organic N 30% Available In Year

Of Application

NH4+ - N Ammonium Availability

Factor From Figure 1.

Total NSum Of AvailableOrganic & NH4

+-N

TotalP2O5

0.5 For Low-Medium P Soil Tests

1.0 For High-V. High P Soil Tests

Total K2O

0.30

0.85

5.627.8

11.8

20.8

48.4

20.6 6.2

16.3

10.4

19.2

0.2

0.5

24 % Of Total N Available In First

Year

Fig. 1. Effect of Manure Application Method and Incorporation Delay on Ammonium-N Availability.

80 80

65

5040

3020

105 0

100

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

100

SweepInjected

KnifeInjected

0 Days 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7 Days > 7 Days

Delay Between Broadcast Application And Incorporation

% N

H4-N

Ava

ilabl

e

Broadcast Application, Incorporated Five Days After Application and Bray P-1 Soil Test Of 14 ppm

Phosphorus Nutrient Management Curve

% Y

ield

VL L M H VH

100 %95 %

50 %

100 – 200 - ??? ppm50 ppm

HIGHLY CROP RESPONSIVENUTRIENT MGT. ZONE

GROWER RISK NUTRIENTMANAGEMENT ZONE

MANURE / SLUDGEMANAGEMENT ZONE

ENVIRONMENTALCONCERN ZONE

EX

Farmer / Field Goals & Objectives RegionNo Application

ZoneManure

Allocation Region

5 ppm 15 ppm 25 ppm

20 ppm 30 ppm

Build Starter

Sufficiency

Maintenance

Starter

LIQUID MANURE MANAGEMENT NUTRIENT CREDITING WORKSHEET

(A) (B) (C)Manure Test

ResultsX Nutrient Availability Factors = Plant Available

Nutrients

(Lbs/1000 gallons (Lbs/1000 gallons

Organic N 30% Available In Year

Of Application

NH4+ - N Ammonium Availability

Factor From Figure 1.

Total NSum Of AvailableOrganic & NH4

+-N

TotalP2O5

0.5 For Low-Medium P Soil Tests

1.0 For High-V. High P Soil Tests

Total K2O

0.30

0.85

22.227.8

28.4

20.8

48.4

20.6 6.2

16.3

20.8

19.2

0.8

1.0

59 % Of Total N Available In First

Year

Fig. 1. Effect of Manure Application Method and Incorporation Delay on Ammonium-N Availability.

80 80

65

5040

3020

105 0

100

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

100

SweepInjected

KnifeInjected

0 Days 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7 Days > 7 Days

Delay Between Broadcast Application And Incorporation

% N

H4-N

Ava

ilabl

e

Assume Knife Injected and Bray P-1 Soil Test Of 34 ppm

Phosphorus Nutrient Management Curve%

Yie

ld

VL L M H VH

100 %95 %

50 %

100 – 200 - ??? ppm50 ppm

HIGHLY CROP RESPONSIVENUTRIENT MGT. ZONE

GROWER RISK NUTRIENTMANAGEMENT ZONE

MANURE / SLUDGEMANAGEMENT ZONE

ENVIRONMENTALCONCERN ZONE

EX

Farmer / Field Goals & Objectives RegionNo Application

ZoneManure

Allocation Region

5 ppm 15 ppm 25 ppm

20 ppm 30 ppm

Build Starter

Sufficiency

Maintenance

Starter

N Based Program

Vs

P Based Program

N Rec = (1.6 x 175 bu/A) – SOM – Nitrate - 40 lbs/A Soybean Credit = 170 lbs N/A Required

P Rec = Starter P No More Than 2.0 Times Crop Removal As Manure

Crop P Removal = 175 bu/A x 0.34 lbs P2O5/bu= 60 lbs P2O5 Crop Removal

Next Crop - 170 bu/A CornPrevious Crop - SoybeansAssume Manure Knife Injected Bray P-1 Soil Test Of 34 ppmSOM = 2.0 %, Residual N = 30 lb N/A Nitrate N/A

Manure Composition (Available)

28.4 lbs N / 1000 gal.20.1 lbs P2O5 / 1000 gal.16.3 lbs K2O / 1000 gal.

Manure Rate Example Calculation

Manure Rate = (170 lbs N / 28.4 lbs N per 1000 gal)= 6,000 gal /A

P Rate = 6,000 gal/A x 20.1 lbs P2O5 / 1000 gal = 120 lbs P2O5/A Applied

If Manure Rate Based On N Recommendation:

•Is 6,000 gal./A The Best Application Rate ?•Meets Crop N Needs•Doesn’t Exceed Allowable P Application Rate (130 lbs/A)

•Should All Of The Required N Come From Manure ?•Whims Of Mother Nature (mineralization rate, etc.) ?•Variability In Manure Analysis•Synchrony Of Crop N Needs and Manure N Availability ?•Fertilizer N Much More Predictable•PSNT Test On Manured Fields ?

If Manure Rate Based On Providing A Minimum Amount Of N As Early Fertilizer N Application:

Want 55 lbs N/A As Early UAN (15 gal. Of 32% UAN)

Manure Rate = (170 lbs N - 55) / 28.4 lb N per 1000 gal)= (115 lbs Manure N Desired / 28.4 lb N per 1000 gal) = 4,000 gal /A

P Rate = 4,000 gal/A x 20.1 lbs P2O5 / 1000 gal. = 80 lbs P2O5/A Applied

•Is 4,000 gal./A A Better Application Rate ?•Lessens Dependency On Mother Nature - Mineralization•Reduces Increase In P Soil Test Values•Increases Manure Hauling Distance / Cost•Requires More Acres For Manure Application

Comparing Manure Application Strategies

N Based• Highest rates• P & K buildup• Labor efficient• Land efficient• Higher Crop Risk• Higher

Environmental Risk

P Based• Max. Nutrient Efficiency• Little P & K buildup• Labor inefficient• Requires more land• Lower Crop Risk• Lower Environmental

Risk

I have calculated the appropriate manure rate, so what can go wrong?

Manure application is not uniform

Loss of soil nitrogen

Mineralization rate is less than anticipated

Volatilization loss greater than expected

Manure segregation

???????

Manure / Nutrient Management• If Possible Base Manure Rates On Crop P Needs or Only A

Portion Of Crop N Needs

• Apply Manure To Lowest P Fields / Portions Of Fields

• Identify And Avoid Portions Of Landscape Having Highest Probability Of Surface Water P Loss - Greatest Risk

• Do Not Apply Manure In Close Proximity To Surface Water -Consider Buffer Strips

• Avoid Making Applications During High Runoff Portions Of Year

• Knife or Incorporate Application (conservation tillage?)

• Minimize Erosion Potential

• Do Not Apply To Frozen Ground