Many Agencies of the US Patent-Antitrust Systems

Executive Branch Agencies

Independent Commissions

Courts

PTO

Validity

DoJ

Antitrust Antitrust

Validity, Infringement,

Remedies, Antitrust

FTC ITC

SCT

CADC* CAFC

District Courts

(Increasing mix of topics & increasing political independence)

5

Kieff, Pragmatism, Perspectives, and Trade: AD/CVD, Patents, and Antitrust As Mostly Private Law, 30 Harv. J. L. & Tech. 97 (2017)