many roads to home

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing

Many Roads To HomeMany Roads To Home

Paul Flynn


LAN RoadsLAN Roads

UTPUTP STPSTP CoaxialCoaxial Fiber OpticsFiber Optics


Unshielded Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)(UTP)

Relies on cancellation to Relies on cancellation to reduce EMIreduce EMI

Precise specifications Precise specifications for the number of twists for the number of twists per braidper braid

Resistance = 100 ohmsResistance = 100 ohms Be sure to handle & Be sure to handle &

inspect our classroom inspect our classroom sample of UTPsample of UTP



AdvantagesAdvantages Easy to installEasy to install Least expensive of all Least expensive of all

mediamedia Small diameter of Small diameter of

cable cable Proper termination Proper termination

procedures insures procedures insures reliable connectionreliable connection



DisadvantagesDisadvantages More prone to EMI/RFI More prone to EMI/RFI

than any other cablethan any other cable Shortest allowable Shortest allowable

length of any other length of any other cable.cable.

Know these specs!!


Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) All the advantages and All the advantages and

disadvantages of UTP.disadvantages of UTP. Foil shields provide Foil shields provide

greater protection greater protection against EMI & RFI.against EMI & RFI.

Increased cost of cableIncreased cost of cable Be sure to handle & Be sure to handle &

inspect our classroom inspect our classroom sample of STPsample of STPKnow these

specs!!


Coaxial CableCoaxial CableAdvantagesAdvantages Longer cable runs than Longer cable runs than

UTP & STP (up to 500m)UTP & STP (up to 500m) Cheaper than using fiber Cheaper than using fiber

for your backbonefor your backbone Technology is well Technology is well

known (Cable TV)known (Cable TV) Better at reducing EMI Better at reducing EMI

than UTP or STPthan UTP or STP


Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Thickness of cableThickness of cable Copper shielding must Copper shielding must

be grounded at both be grounded at both ends of the connectionends of the connection

No longer used as a No longer used as a LAN mediaLAN media


Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

Know these diagramed Know these diagramed parts & their purposeparts & their purpose

Be sure to handle & Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom inspect our classroom samples of coaxial samples of coaxial cablecable

Know these specs!!


Fiber OpticsFiber Optics Know these diagramed Know these diagramed

parts & their purposeparts & their purpose

AdvantagesLonger runs than any other cable (2km)Higher data rates than any other cable (>100Mbps)NO EMI!!


Fiber OpticsFiber OpticsDisadvantagesDisadvantages Very expensive!!Very expensive!! Difficult to installDifficult to install

Therefore, fiber is used Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone only for backbone installations.installations.

Know these specs!!


The “Standards Guys”The “Standards Guys” ISOISO—International Standards —International Standards

OrganizationOrganization IEEEIEEE—Institute of Electrical and —Institute of Electrical and

Electronic EngineersElectronic Engineers TIATIA—Telecommunications Industry —Telecommunications Industry

AssociationAssociation EIAEIA—Electronics Industry Association—Electronics Industry Association ULUL—Underwriters Laboratories—Underwriters Laboratories


TIA/EIATIA/EIA TIA & EIA issue standards together for TIA & EIA issue standards together for

technologies that involve both technologies that involve both telecommunications & electronics.telecommunications & electronics.

TIA & EIA have had the greatest impact TIA & EIA have had the greatest impact on networking media standardson networking media standards

TIA/EIA 568A is the cable standard we TIA/EIA 568A is the cable standard we will use when making our cableswill use when making our cables


TIA/EIA 568A OverviewTIA/EIA 568A Overview Specifies cable performance & Specifies cable performance &

termination procedures for termination procedures for horizontal horizontal cablingcabling

Six categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6)Six categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6) CAT 5 media includes UTP, STP, CAT 5 media includes UTP, STP,

Coaxial & FiberCoaxial & Fiber CAT 5 UTP is most commonCAT 5 UTP is most common


Horizontal v. Vertical CablingHorizontal v. Vertical Cabling Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling

that runs from work areas to the wiring that runs from work areas to the wiring closet.closet. ExampleExample:: All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom

is horizontal cablingis horizontal cabling Vertical Cabling is another name for Vertical Cabling is another name for

backbone cabling. backbone cabling. ExampleExample::The fiber optic cabling at Carroll High The fiber optic cabling at Carroll High

School is vertical cablingSchool is vertical cabling


Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA 568A)568A)

Work Station(Patch Cable)

HorizontalCable Run

Cross-Connect Jumpers(Patch Cable)

3m 90m 6m+ + = 99m...or approx. 100 meters for CAT 5 UTP


IEEE 802.3 (10Base-T IEEE 802.3 (10Base-T Ethernet)Ethernet)

Emerged out of Hawaii’s need to Emerged out of Hawaii’s need to connect islands (Aloha standard)connect islands (Aloha standard)

Has become the “chosen” LAN Has become the “chosen” LAN technologytechnology

Includes specifications for both Layer 1 Includes specifications for both Layer 1 & Layer 2& Layer 2

Your skill in 802.3 implementation will Your skill in 802.3 implementation will migrate to 100Base-TX & 1000Base-Tmigrate to 100Base-TX & 1000Base-T


IEEE 802.3 Layer 1 IEEE 802.3 Layer 1 ComponentsComponents

Passive Components (do not add energy)Passive Components (do not add energy) CablingCabling ConnectorsConnectors JacksJacks Patch PanelsPatch Panels

Active Components (adds energy)Active Components (adds energy) Repeaters, Transceivers, & HubsRepeaters, Transceivers, & Hubs

Let’s briefly look at each passive component


10Base-T Cabling10Base-T Cabling

Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 componentcomponent

It carries bits!It carries bits! CAT 5 is the 10Base-T CAT 5 is the 10Base-T

standard cablestandard cable The twisting of wires The twisting of wires

limits signal degradation limits signal degradation through cancellation.through cancellation.

See Picture in

Curriculum

Page 5.4.3


10Base-T Connectors10Base-T Connectors Standard 10Base-T Standard 10Base-T

Termination is the Termination is the RRegistered egistered JJack-45ack-45

Similar to phone plug Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pinspins instead of 4 pins

Reduces noise, Reduces noise, reflection, & mechanical reflection, & mechanical stability problemsstability problems

See Picture in

Curriculum

Page 5.4.2


10Base-T Jacks10Base-T Jacks

RJ-45 Jacks have 8 RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that conductors that match the RJ-45 match the RJ-45 plug’s connectors.plug’s connectors.

See Picture in

Curriculum

Page 5.4.4


10Base-T Patch Panels10Base-T Patch Panels Patch panels are used Patch panels are used

to conveniently group a to conveniently group a work area’s connectionswork area’s connections

One side has a place One side has a place for each RJ-45 plugfor each RJ-45 plug

The back side has The back side has punch down blocks that punch down blocks that provide connectivityprovide connectivity

See Pictures in Curriculum

Page 5.4.5


CollisionsCollisions


Collision ReviewCollision Review Collisions occur in broadcast topologies Collisions occur in broadcast topologies

where devices are attached to a shared where devices are attached to a shared media.media.

Shared media is like shared highways.Shared media is like shared highways. Layer 1 devices Layer 1 devices will notwill not solve collision solve collision

problems.problems. Layer 1 devices simply Layer 1 devices simply extendextend collision collision

domainsdomains


Collision DomainsCollision Domains Collision Domains are the area where Collision Domains are the area where

collisions occur.collisions occur. Layer 1 devices Layer 1 devices will notwill not separate separate

(segment) collision domains.(segment) collision domains. How many collision domains with…How many collision domains with…

A repeater?A repeater? A hub?A hub? A repeater and a hub?A repeater and a hub?


Collision Domain Collision Domain SegmentationSegmentation Segmentation is the process of dividing Segmentation is the process of dividing

a collision domain into two or more a collision domain into two or more collision domains.collision domains.

Layer 1 devices Layer 1 devices will notwill not segment a segment a collision domain. Why?collision domain. Why?

The only way to segment a collision The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can domain is to use a device that can filter filter network trafficnetwork traffic..

What devices are capable of filtering?What devices are capable of filtering?


Topology OverviewTopology Overview


Linear BusLinear Bus

All nodes directly All nodes directly connected to one connected to one physical linkphysical link


RingRing

Each node Each node connected only to connected only to adjacent nodes.adjacent nodes.


StarStar

AdvantageAdvantage: all : all nodes can easily nodes can easily communicatecommunicate

DisadvantageDisadvantage: core : core node failurenode failure


Extended StarExtended Star

Each end node of the Each end node of the core acts as its own core acts as its own star topologystar topology


Hierarchical TopologyHierarchical Topology Also called a tree Also called a tree

topologytopology No central nodeNo central node Two types:Two types:

Binary TreeBinary Tree-each node -each node splits off into two splits off into two nodesnodes

Backbone TreeBackbone Tree-like at -like at Carroll High SchoolCarroll High SchoolWhich type is this graphic?


Complete MeshComplete Mesh

What’s unique about What’s unique about this topology?this topology?

Good Luck

on the

Test!!

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