map of china major river systems – huang he ancient china had two major river systems huang he...
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Ancient ChinaMandate of Heaven
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Map of China
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Major River Systems – Huang He
Ancient China had two major river systems Huang He (Yellow River) Yangtze (Chang Jiang
River).
The Huang He River system 3,000 miles long Empties into the Yellow
Sea Ancient Chinese
civilization began along this river
Provides fertile soil and an abundance of food
Formerly known as the “river of sorrow”
Why did it get such a name?
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Major River Systems - Yangtze
Longest in China and the third longest river in the world
3, 964 miles long. river passes through
China's best farmland
• Three Gorge Damming Project
world's largest electricity-generating plant of any kind
led to biggest displacement of people in history -- 1.13 million
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Ancient Chinese Topography
Topographical features led to isolation: Gobi Desert: one
of the driest in the world
Plains: Only about 12% of China's land is plains; most of that is in the eastern part of China.
Himalayas: 43% of China’s land is mountainous!
Tibetan Plateau: very isolated region even today!
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Impact on China’s Geography
How would isolation help a country? What other great ancient civilizations were isolated?
1.Long distances and physical barriers isolated China, blocking cultural diffusion
2. Protecting China from invasion
3. Isolation contributed to the Chinese belief that China was the center of the earth and the only civilization.
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Timeline of China’s Early Dynasties
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Chinese Calendar Chinese Calendar is based
on Lunar Cycle Chinese New Year is Feb.3
2011.
Chinese Zodiac (p.132)
Consists of 12 animals – real and mythological
What animal are you? Not everyone in this class are the same sign. Why? Do characteristics associated with this animal fit your personality?
Origin stories…
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Shang Dynasty 1650–B.C. 1027 B.C. What is needed to have a civilization?
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Chinese Writing• Earliest recognizable
examples of written Chinese date from 1500-950 BC (Shang Dynasty) and were inscribed on ox scapulae and turtle shells - "oracle bones”.
largest Chinese dictionaries include about 56,000 characters.
Knowledge of about 3,000 - 4000 characters enables you to read about 99% of the characters used in Chinese newspapers and magazines.
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Shang Dynasty
Many Chinese were accomplished artisans and artists Most advanced
bronze workers in the ancient world!
A class system and division of labor developed during this dynasty: nobles, artisans, peasant farmers and slaves
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More Shang Contributions
Discovery of tin & copper
Bronze weapons are cast.
Horse-drawn chariots are used.
Discovered how to make silk thread became China’s most
valuable export. Trade route to the Middle East became known as Silk Road. Europeans prized the porcelain and spices of China also.
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The Silk Road
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Shang Art
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Rise of Zhou Dynasty (1027 B.C.–256 B.C.) Slave revolt in 1122 B.C.
led to downfall of Shang dynasty kings eventually
overtaken by the Wu, whose Zhou dynasty ruled China for 800 years
Zhou Dynasty Great advances in
technology, their economy and commerce grew.
Developed trade routes Population increased –
“rice culture” First official coins in
China; unique shape, meaning?
Image of coins
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Zhou Dynasty Remembered for
technological advances:
the crossbow cavalry iron plows irrigation and
flood systems. Iron becomes very
important to culture.
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Mandate of Heaven Established a feudal state; 260 years helps
bring on Confucianism.
The belief in the “Mandate of Heaven” became an established practice during this dynasty.
1. Chinese believed rulers governed according to “Mandate of Heaven”
2. Allowed rulers to remain in power as long as they were just and effective
3. Religion influencing the government HOW?
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Qin Dynasty 221B.C. – 207B.C.
Qin Shi Huangdi wiped out the Zhou and conquered northern China uniting under central government
Defeats all the feudal lords and creates an empire!
standardized society: weights and measures, coins, writing, and law
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Public Works project dominate Qin Dynasty Many public works projects
were also undertaken:
1. The Great Wall was built in the north, to protect against invasions.
2. Roads and irrigation canals were built throughout the country.
3. Developed farmlands the size of Vancouver Island, enough to feed the people and a large army.
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The Tomb of Shi Huangdi
Ascending to the throne of his clan, the Qin, at the age of 13 in 246 BCE
Shi Huangdi immediately began construction of his extraordinary mausoleum which was completed soon after his death in 210 BCE, 36 years after the work commenced
Located approximately 30 km outside of the present-day capital, X'ian (called Chang'an in ancient times)
The tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi remains a symbol of the infinite power and ego of China's first Emperor.
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Terra Cotta Warriors