PowerPoint Presentation

MAP&COMPASS 1Welcome to Map and Compass I My name is Andrew ForanThis is the first of many stages you will follow if you chose to continue on with our program and we sincerely hope you do. This lesson is intended to take people of all experience levels and begin to help them feel comfortable in the woods. Because the more comfortable you are the better searcher you will become. What you will learn in this lesson are the basic parts and pieces of a Map and Compass and how to make use of them.Learn how to acquire information from a map Learn how to use and navigate with a compass Learn how to plot a route on a map and apply it to the field with your compassBecome comfortable relying on your map and compass skills in the woods.

Objectives2The following are the topics related to a Map that we will cover.Parts of a mapColoursNameIndexEditionScaleGlossaryGrid squareGrid referenceContour linesMean declinationMap Datum3The following are the topics related to a Map that we will cover.Name

4Edition

Where else on your map can you find the edition?5In the Bottom right hand corner of your map you should see the Edition. It will tell you the Map Index with Edition. In this case 11 D/13 Edition 6

Index for 1:50 000 map of Halifax# dont always follow each otherWhich map would you choose?6The index should be on the right hand side of the Map. The current map you are looking at will be in the middle of the Squares. This will tell you what map you will require to continue in a direction that leads you off your current map. In some cases we have had searches that due to their location cover three or four Maps.

Index for 1:50 000 maps for large area

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Scales

A reference for distances on a map

we use maps with 1:50 000 scale and most commonly a 1:10 000 scaleThe chequered squares in front of the 0 are for smaller increments

9The scale is on the Bottom of the Map. The scale is in both Metric and Standard. Note that 0 is not on the end. To the right of 0 is the breakdown in KM or Miles and to the left in Meters or 1oth of miles.1:50 000

1:10 000

10GlossarySymbols representing objects on a map

NOTE: maps and their symbols can only be as accurate as the map makers can make them. The maps are made with from the data of that specific time period.When was your map made?North American Datum (NAD)?1983

11Glossary: Roads

12Glossary: Symbols

13Glossary: Waterways and woods

14How do you determine where you are?Grid SquaresThe lines one your maps make squares called grid squaresThey help you find yourself more easilyThey can give you a very precise locationGrid squares are always 1 km by 1km (Canadian maps)15How to use the Grid SquaresUTM: Universal Transverse Mercator Grid

Maps have horizontal and vertical grid lines (like latitude and longitude)

Full grid numbers are found on the corners of the map (ex: left bottom corner 4929000 northing and 422000 easting)

Applicable grid numbers are found along the grid lines and correspond to the bold number

16Grid numbers

17Reading the grid square1st Eastings: lines that describe your position eastward/westward, lines that are vertical

2nd Northings: lines that describe your position north/southward, lines that are horizontal

To determine your grid square start at the bottom left corner of the grid square and read into itOR get into the elevator then go upOR jump over the line, then climb into the square18Grid Square34_ 71_

196566676869Using a romer 454647484950ABA = 47_ 68_ B= 48_ 66_19753973514633197539735120MAP EXERCISEDescribe what you find at the following grid references1. 427 3472. 358 4743. 473 4084. 367 3085. 367 3946. 537 521Hatchet LakeCampgroundBuildingCochrans IslandDan HillWater Tower21

CONTOUR LINESContour lines connect a series of areas of EQUAL ELEVATION and are used to illustrate relief and dept on a map22

23Contour line exercise24Contour lines can determine the direction of water flowAlong waterways, contour lines form a V shape The V points toward the origin of the river, and therefore, The river flows away from its origin25

Contour lines used to indicate direction of water flow26Water flow exerciseGo to 385 356 to McGrath Falls. There are two rivers north of it. Which direction is the river flowing from?410 308 Croucher Lake. There is a river south east of the lake. Which direction is the river flowing from?

Why does the direction of river flow important?27COMPASS360 dial with North sign Direction of travel arrowIndex lineOrienteering linesMagnetic needle Base plateRulerScales28Your compass

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Your compass302 Ways to use your compassUse it in the fieldTo get a bearing of the direction you are travellingTo orient yourself to a bearing you already haveUse the RED (action) arrow when youre out being active!Red in the Bed!

Use it to get your direction on a mapUse the orienteering lines within the dial to line up with the lines on the map31Bearing = a number in degrees that depicts a direction (from a map or from a compass)

321. Taking a compass bearing in the fieldHold your compass, cradled flat in your palm, in front and away from your body Ensure the direction of travel arrow (arrow on the base plate) is pointed at your target Turn the 360 dial until the Red Needle sits in the Red Bed (NOTE: this is North, but its not necessarily your bearing!)Read your magnetic bearing at the index line on the dial (it may be the same as your direction of travel arrow)

33Lets stand up and try it!34Back Bearing

Put the RED in the opposite bed. You get the complete opposite bearing, and it should correlate with where you were just coming from.35Outside effects on a compassAnything magneticPower linesCell phonesGPS

Large amounts of metal Large metal objectsLarge metal veins in rocks 36Map and Compass together! 371. Getting a bearing from a map

Determine point A and BDraw a lineSet the edge of your compass on the line **with your direction of travel arrow actually pointing towards your direction of travel !!Turn the dial **with the North on the dial pointing North (top of map) and line up the orienting lines with the gridlines on the mapRead the bearing number at the index line (lines up with direction of travel arrow)This is a MAP bearing38ORIENTING MAP & COMPASS

ABN39Other ways to get a MAP bearingInstead of using your compass to get the bearing, you can use a protractor.You can also use a transparent square grid.Using a ruler to calculate distance is very easy. 360/0 270 90 180 40Quick bearing taking

360/0 315 45

270 90

225 135 180 41MAP BEARING EXERCISES1234F1 2 = ______S 1 = ______2 3 = ______3 4 = ______4 F = ______16006022618008042True North vs Magnetic NorthThere is a Rotational North/South Pole, and a Magnetic North/South PoleThe magnetic pole is located on Prince of Wales Island in northern Canada (about latitude 73 N, longitude 100 W)The angle between the True North or Grid North and the Magnetic North is called the MEAN DECLINATION Notice that the declination can be towards the east or towards the west, and there is no declination close to western Ontario (Thunder Bay).The study of the planets magnetic fields is called Geomagnetism. 43Mean Declination

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Mean Declination46How to apply Mean DeclinationIn mainland Nova Scotia, we have an approximate 20 west mean declinationWhen we apply magnetic information (compass) to a map, we have to subtract that 20When we apply map information to a compass, we have to add 20

MAP +20 MAGNETIC

MAGNETIC -20 MAP 474. Continue on original courseStaying on course while going around barriersDirection of travel 20 1. Stop at barrier2. Pick landmark on other side3. Walk around the landmarkDirection of travel 2048Going around trees49Staying on course while going around a barrier you cant see throughDirection of travel 20 Walk to barrier, and flag or mark pointCheck back bearing 200Resume direction of travel 20 290100 Paces20Until the barrieris cleared110100 Paces50

Map&Compass Field Exercises51Field ExercisesPacing: measuring how many steps you take to measure 100m.TrianglesStraight navigationPole navigationNavigating a pre-plotted course on a map (afternoon)52What you are looking for??

53Good luck, have fun and be safe!!We will see you on Saturday morning at __________!!54Introduction to GPSsTool that can calculate your location on earth by reading satellite signals in the skyAdvantages:can tell you where you are in grid numbersCan show you the path that you tookCan input pre-determined locations, then allow the GPS to guide you to themDisadvantages: battery operatedNeeds access to satellite input (clouds, tree cover,)Shows you the path, not the obstacles (unless you have a new model that has maps incorporated)

55Introduction to woodsloreStaying safe: what should you bring in with youCompassFire tool (mandatory)Whistle (mandatory)WaterLarge orange garbage bagWaterLeave no Trace

56Triangulation how to find yourself on a mapTriangulation requires good map reading skills.You need to be able to recognize landmarks out in the field, and relate them to symbols/points on your map.You pick three distinguishable landmarks, then take a compass bearing pointing at them, then mark them on your map. Where the three lines intersect, is where you are standing.57ABCDEFGHIJKLM 3 - gradual, consistent slope5 (or 8) - draw or valley with stream13 (or 4) - cliff face12 - hill with ridge9 - spurs on a mountainside10 - a depression4 (or 13)7 - Steeper slope high, gradual low1 - consistent slope2 - gradual slope high, steeper low11 - a saddle between two hills8 (or 5)6 - simple round hill 58