mapping influences of green infrastructure on population ... · • to better understand the...
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Mapping influences of Green Infrastructure on population health across socio-demographic gradients in Greater Manchester
Valuing Nature Conference: 14/11/2018
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council, the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council under the Valuing Nature Programme. NE/N013530/1
Matthew Dennis¹, Penny Cook², Philip James³, Phil Wheater⁴ and Sarah Lindley¹
¹Department of Geography, University of Manchester²School of Health Sciences, University of Salford³School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford⁴School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University
Green infrastructure and the Health and wellbeing Influences on an
Ageing population (GHIA)
@GHIA_VNN
The GHIA aim• To better understand the benefits and
values of urban GI to older people and how GI attributes and interventions can best support healthy ageing in urban areas.
Older adults as co-researchers
Greater Manchester as the case study
Multiple perspectives on values for wellbeing
Natural experiments
Arts and heritage approach
• “green space” as catch-all (though with significant gaps).
• Percentage cover as standard measure
• Little consideration of shape, patch or diversity. E.g. Mitchell & Popham (2007) and Stott et al. (2016) emphasize larger green spaces towards human well-being but do not consider spatial configurations.
• Few studies of multiple green-cover types
• (Street) trees especially under-considered
• Emphasis on mediating socio-economic factors over nuance in terms of landscape content, context or distribution
Issues with green urban-rural land-cover characterization in health studies
ghia.org.uk
Source: Dennis, M., Barlow, D., Cavan, G., Cook, P.A., Gilchrist, A., Handley, J., James, P., Thompson, J., Tzoulas, K., Wheater, C.P. and Lindley, S., 2018. Mapping urban green infrastructure: A novel landscape-based approach to incorporating land use and land cover in the mapping of human-dominated systems. Land, 7(1), p.17.
Existing GI datasets a) Land Cover Map 2015, b) Urban Atlas 2012, OS Greenspace Layer: c) function and d) form
ghia.org.uk
Source: Dennis, M., Barlow, D., Cavan, G., Cook, P.A., Gilchrist, A., Handley, J., James, P., Thompson, J., Tzoulas, K., Wheater, C.P. and Lindley, S., 2018. Mapping urban green infrastructure: A novel landscape-based approach to incorporating land use and land cover in the mapping of human-dominated systems. Land, 7(1), p.17. ghia.org.uk
23 Aug 2015, Getmapping, Using: EDINA Aerial Digimap Service,
Source: GHIA Project (2018) derived from Sentinel 2A, City of Trees canopy & OS VectorMap Local data. Funders: Natural Environment Research Council, the Arts and Humanities
Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council under the Valuing Nature Programme. NE/N013530/1
ghia.org.uk
Source: University of Manchester GHIA Project 2018. Derived from Ordnance Survey Mastermap Greenspace Layer, OS Open Rivers, OS Open Greenspace, European Space Agency (Sentinel 2A), Natural Environment Research Council (CEH) Land Cover Map and City of Trees Tree Audit data. Funders: Natural Environment Research Council, the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council under the Valuing Nature Programme. NE/N013530/1
• Source data are available in open access format (link in the publication: http://huckg.is/d/ILM_Open.zip• Interactive maps based on ward-level data can be viewed at ghia.org.uk• Licencing arrangement for access to the full dataset are being finalized
Urbanity Function
Form Individual GI features
18.7
9.7
14.9
18.9
2.00.5
35.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Urban Other Public Parks andRecreation
Amenity Private gardens Insitutional Brownfield Peri-Urban
% GM associated with each GI type
28
9489
5563
41
95
0102030405060708090
100
Urban Other Parks andRecreation
Amenity Private Gardens Institutional Brownfield Peri-urban
% Green land-cover by GI type
What does Green Infrastructure in Greater Manchester look like?
ghia.org.uk
“Older”“Younger”
High income
Low income
72% pop within 200m 70% pop within 200m of GS
53% pop within 200m 58% pop within 200m
77 m²
Garden size 94 m²
Garden size 227 m²
123 m²
1734 m²
Park size 2242 m²
Park size 2117 m²1494 m²
What does GI in GM look like for different groups?
Age
Income
GI and population morbidity (comparative Illness and disability ratio) across income and age gradients
LOW
HIGH
HIGH> 30% > 60 yrs~ 10% > 60 yrs ~ 20% > 60 yrs
MED
MED
LOW
* *
*
*
*-
-
-
-
Age
Income
Green space quality ≤ 100 m to green space
Informal urban greeneryLawns/ground flora
Canopy Diversity
Private Gardens
Proximity to large (> 2 ha) green spaces
GI associations with population morbidity (comparative Illness and disability ratio) across income and age gradients
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
Green space quality
Green cover in gardens
Green cover in gardensGreen cover in amenity spaces
> 30% > 60 yrs~ 10% > 60 yrs ~ 20% > 60 yrsMED
Headline: Size, quality and proximity influence the relationship between green infrastructure and population morbidity across gradients of income and age
Novelty: A comprehensive, integrated appraisal of the social-ecological (physical, spatial, socio-economic and demographic) factors at work within patterns of association between GI and morbidity in Greater Manchester
1. Local accessible green spaces and neighbourhood greenery significant in older age groups (gardens and amenity space significant but relationship appears to be subject to thresholds related to size and degree of greening i.e. % green land-cover)
2. Large recreational green spaces may buffer against poor health in otherwise highly urbanized/fragmented areas (associated with “younger” areas)
3. Vegetation quality as a critical variable especially in low income areas and areas with low GI-cover
Key findings:
ghia.org.uk
Other related outputs:• Integrated, high resolution GI dataset (already employed in external research and
policy settings)• Socio-environmental typologies of neighbourhoods in Greater Manchester• Interactive maps of GI and GI-related benefits, provision and need (Work Package 5,
forthcoming)
> 30% Public Park & Recreation
² ghia.org.uk
