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MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ONMIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS

AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA

MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS

AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA

December 2018

Tewabe Yilak

This publication was produced at the request of the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling Task force Secretariat

and International Labour Organization by Tewabe Assaye

Copyright © International Labour Organization 2019

First published 2019

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Title: Mapping of stakeholders working on migration and coordination mechanisms at federal level in Ethiopia

Language: English edition

ISBN: 978-92-2-133107-0 (print)

978-92-2-133108-7 (web pdf)

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iii

Foreword

There is a growing evidence that outward and inward migration has increased significantly in Ethiopia in recent years. A number of push and pull factors are at interplay for outward migration. The unemployment rate of 17.51 coupled with poverty, family and peer pressure, and low public awareness on the positive and negative aspects of migration has contributed to a strong culture of migration internally and externally. Moreover, advancement of information and communication technology, social networks, better living standards and demand for labour in major destination countries are some of the major pulling factors.

Despite the substantial increase on stakeholders (governmental, non-governmental, United Nations agencies, international organization, civil society and faith-based organization) working in the area of migration at the federal, regional and local level, coordination continue to be a challenge and knowledge of who does what seems to be non-existent. To this end, the ILO in partnership with the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling taskforce decided to undertake this assessment “Mapping of stakeholders working on migration and coordination mechanisms at federal level” accompanied by two other reports, which highlights the situation at the regional and woreda level and a summary that highlight the two reports.

Findings of the assessment paints the inadequacy of interventions in migration related issue vis a vis the magnitude of the problems, especially with regards to labour migration and the promotion of regular labour migration routes. The assessment further identified various formal and informal coordination mechanisms available at federal level such as the anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce, the refugee coordination group, joint government platforms, UN agencies Migration Group and non-governmental organizations taskforce. The federal level anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce has been acknowledged to be better managed at federal level than regional and local level. However, the lack of accountability mechanism have resulted in stakeholders working independently with limited collaboration. Moreover, despite the prominence of the issue there is lack of permanent coordination mechanism for IDPs’. Despite these shortcoming, the assessment has recognized the coordination platform for refugee program as fairly effective and relatively well organized.

It is our belief that the identified best practices will be duplicated to better manage migration and findings as well as detailed contact information available would better inform the Government of Ethiopia as well as stakeholders to improve coordination and collaboration to avoid duplication of effort and fragmentation of resources as well as for better harmonization of approaches and methodologies.

We would like to extend our gratitude to the European Union who is funding the ILO project “Support to the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia” under which this mapping was undertaken and report produced and the ILO and the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling secretariat for technical support that made this assessment possible. Finally, our sincere gratitude goes to all government as well as nongovernmental stakeholders for their technical inputs throughout the process of conducting the mapping.

Berhanu TsegayeAttorney General and

Chair of the National Anti-Trafficking and Smuggling Task Force

Attorney General Office

Alexio MusindoDirector

ILO Country Office for Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan and South Sudan, and for the Special

Representative to the AU and the ECA

1 ILO, Socio-economic assessment in four regions and Addis Ababa city Administration, 2017

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Findings and Conclusions x

1 Background 1

1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2. Approach and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.3. Limitations of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level 5

2.1. Mapping of Key Stakeholders that Work on Migration at Federal Level . . . . 5

2.1.1. Government Bodies 5

2.1.2. Intergovernmental, and Bilateral and Multilateral Organizations 16

2.1.3. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 47

2.2. Coordination Mechanisms at Federal/Central Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

2.2.1. National Anti-Human Trafficking and Smuggling Council and Taskforce 70

2.2.2. Coordination Mechanisms for Refugee Programmes 78

2.2.3. Coordination Mechanism for IDPs 80

2.2.4. Other Coordination Mechanisms 82

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Contact details of key Federal Government stakeholders that work on migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Annex 2: Contact Details of Some UN Agencies and Bilateral and Multilateral Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Annex 3: Accountability Matrix for organizations that work on refugees disaggregated by region/area and sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Annex 4: List of Stakeholders Consulted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

MAPPING OF STAKEHOLDERS WORKING ON MIGRATION AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS AT FEDERAL LEVEL IN ETHIOPIA

vi

List of Tables

Table 1: List of zones and woredas/cities selected in the four bigger regional states and Addis Ababa City Administration for mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Table 2: Key Federal Government Bodies and their Mandates/Roles on Migration . . . . . . . . . . 6

Table 3: Mapping of stakeholders that work on/with refugees at different operation camps and areas in 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Table 4: Mapping of Federal Government Bodies Against Key Migration Dimensions. . . . . . . 15

Table 5: Active Programmes/Projects of United Nations Population Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 6: EU Supported Active National Projects in Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 7: EU Funded Regional Projects on Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 8: Migration and Related Projects Funded by DFID in Ethiopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 9: Current Projects Supported by French Embassy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 10: Projects supported by Netherlands Government in Ethiopia and Horn of Africa . . . . 36

Table 11: Programmes and projects funded by the Embassy of Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 12: SINCE Programme Grantees and Co-Beneficiary Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Table 13: Programmes and projects funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 14: Brief profile of the project supported by the Denmark Government in Ethiopia . . . . . 44

Table 15: Mapping of bilateral and intergovernmental organizations that work on migration. . . 46

Table 16: List of NGOs that work on migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Table 17: Some NGOs that work on labour migration, returnee reintegration and victim assistance, prevention of irregular migration and IDPs and their current projects . . . 50

Table 18: Mapping of some NGOs that work on potential migrants, victims of trafficking, IDPs and returnees disaggregated by intervention thematic areas and target groups . . . . . . 57

Table 19: Mapping of NGOs that work on Refugees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Table 20: Some NGOs that work on refugees and their intervention areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Table 21: Coordination Mechanisms for Migration Management Established at Federal/Central Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

vii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AA Addis Ababa

ACF Action contre La Faim

AHA Africa Humanitarian Action

ANE Action for The Needy in Ethiopia

ARDO Agricultural and Rural Development Office

ARRA Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs

ASDAPO Action for Social Development and Environmental Protection Organization

AU Africa Union

AVR Assisted Voluntary Return

BoFED Bureau of Finance and Economic Development

BoLSA Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs

BPRM United States Government Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration

BSRP Building self-reliance program/project

CCRDA Consortium of Christian Relief and Development Association

CETU Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions

CRS Catholic Relief Services

CSO Charities and Societies Organizations

CVT Centre for Victims of Trauma

DCA Dan Church Aid

DEC Development Expertise Center

DfID Department for International Development

DICAC Ethiopian Orthodox Church Development and Interchurch Aid Commission Refugee and Returnee Affairs Department

DRC Danish Refugee Council

E.C Ethiopian Calendar

ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Aid

EECMY Ethiopian Evangelical Church – Mekaneyesus Development and Social service Commission

EHF Ethiopia Humanitarian Aid

EOTC Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church

EPRDF Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front


viii

EU European Union

GAIA GAIA Association

GOAL GOAL

GRRA Gambella Rural Road Authority

HoA Horn of Africa

IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development

IHS Innovative Humanitarian Solutions

ILO International Labour Organization

IMC International Medical Corps

IOM International Organization for Migration

IPs Implementing Partners

IRC International Rescue Committee

JRS Jesuit Refugee Service

LWF The Lutheran World Federation

MCDO Mother and Child Development Organization

MCMDO Mothers and children Multisectoral Development Organization

MoE Ministry of Education

MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MoFPDA Ministry of Federal and Pastoralist Development Affairs

MoFEC Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation

MoH Ministry of Health

MoLSA Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MSEDA Micro and Small Enterprise Development Agency

MSF-H Médecins Sans Frontières (Holland)

NFI Non-Food Items

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NRC Norwegian Refugee Council

NRDEP Natural Resources Development and Environmental Protection

OICE Opportunities Industrialization Centers Ethiopia

Ops Operation Partners

OSD Organization for Sustainable Development

ix

Acronyms and Abbreviations

OXFAM Oxfam GB

PAPDA Partnership for Pastoralists Development Association

PIE Plan International Ethiopia

PRM Population, Refugees, and Migration

PRS Partner for Refugee Service

PWO Pastoralist Welfare Organization

RaDO Rehabilitation and Development Organization

RED Regional Education Bureau

REH Regional Health Bureau

SCI Save The Children International

SEE Save The Environment Ethiopia

SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

SINCE Stemming Irregular Migration in Northern and Central Ethiopia Programme

SNNPR Southern Nations and Nationalities and Peoples Region

TIP Trafficking in Persons

ToR Terms of Reference

TPLF Tigray People Liberation Front

TVET Technical and Vocational Training and Education

TWG Technical Working Group

UN United Nations

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNWFP United Nations World Food Programme

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNODC United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

VoT Victims of Trafficking

WHO World Health Organization

WVI World Vision


x

Executive Summary

Several governmental and non-governmental organizations are currently engaged in prevention of human trafficking and smuggling of migrants, and in provision of protection and support to victims of trafficking and smuggling, and to returnees in Ethiopia. However, adequate data is lacking on who does what in migration and reintegration of returnees. In addition, there is limited coordination and collaboration between these stakeholders. It was against this background that this study was conducted with the aim of mapping stakeholders that work on migration at federal, regional, zonal and woreda levels in Ethiopia. The study was conducted at federal, regional and city administration levels and also at zonal and woreda levels, covering all the nine regional states and the two city administrations of Ethiopia. The mapping study is presented in two main reports: one federal-level report and another regional and lower-level mapping report. A highlight of the two main reports is also presented separately. This report presents the federal-level mapping study findings.

Findings and Conclusions

The findings of the mapping study revealed that many governmental, inter-governmental, bilateral and non-governmental organizations work on migration in Ethiopia. However, the existing interventions are very inadequate vis-à-vis the magnitude of the problems and issues. Most interventions of non-governmental organizations focus on refugees. Organizations that work on labour migration issues such as promotion of legal migration routes are very limited. Few governmental organizations have clear mandates on migration. In the light of these facts, the legal framework is not adequately enforced and the available services and support mechanisms for victims and returnees have also remained very weak. The fact that federal bodies are mandated to enforce Proclamation No. 909/2015 seems also to have hampered its enforcement at regional and lower administration levels owing to the lack of their local presence or the limited capacity of their branch offices or lack of delegation to local authorities.

The study revealed different formal and informal coordination mechanisms that were established to coordinate stakeholders that work on migration. Some are joint government platforms, UN agencies and various non-governmental organizations while a few others are specific to government or UN agencies or non-governmental organizations. Among them, the anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce, and the refugee coordination group are the major and notable examples. Most others are informal or ad hoc mechanisms that lack permanence.

The federal anti-human trafficking and smuggling taskforce is the major mechanism in place to coordinate stakeholders that work on migration (excluding those that work on refugees and IDPs). But this taskforce is in its infancy. This is partly due to the lack of adequate human and financial resources needed for coordinating stakeholders. It lacks the resources and capacity to coordinate actors adequately. The sustainability of the coordination mechanism is also at risk as the coordination mechanisms are not well institutionalized in participating organizations. Many stakeholders that work on migration lack ownership and commitment to their cause. This is evident from the dismal degree of execution of planned or assigned activities and their frequent absence from taskforce meetings. Lack of mechanisms that could hold actors accountable for their action or

xi

Executive Summary

inaction has contributed much to the lack of commitment among stakeholders. The lack of a single government body that manages and coordinates migration issues was also consistently identified as a major factor in the weak and ineffective coordination among stakeholders. Owing to its current nomenclature and the manner in which it is being coordinated, the federal-level anti-trafficking taskforce has given unbalanced attention to different aspects of migration. It is said to give due attention to law enforcement while other aspects such as labour migration and victim and returnee assistance have received inadequate consideration. In sum, coordination mechanisms in place for anti-human trafficking, victim assistance, reintegration of returnees and law enforcement have remained weak and less sustainable. As a result, stakeholders are not working in a coordinated manner. Many stakeholders still work independently with limited collaboration with other actors.

Coordination mechanisms in place for refugee programmes are fairly effective and relatively well organized. The coordination mechanism in place for refugee programmes has worked very well in coordinating stakeholders’ activities, promoting synergy and facilitating information exchange as well as in monitoring of activities. The existing laws, policies and procedures are being enforced. The fact that Ethiopia has a legal framework and central body that is fully responsible for managing refugee issues was considered a key strength of the platform.

There are no established and permanent coordination mechanisms for internally displaced persons (IDPs). Interventions and issues relating to IDPs are mainly addressed either directly through collaboration with other actors or as crosscutting issues. There are, however, some ad hoc mechanisms such as the IDP taskforce at federal government level chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister. There is also the advisory IDP Committee to the UN humanitarian country team that is chaired by the UN Human Coordinator. In addition, issues relaing to IDPs are addressed at the UN cluster meetings that were established on different sectors to coordinate humanitarian activities. It was the lack of a clear regulatory and policy framework giving mandates to specific government bodies that was largely blamed for the lack of a formal coordination mechanism for IDPs.

1

11.1. Introduction

Several governmental and non-governmental organisations, UN agencies, international organizations, civil society and faith-based organizations are currently engaged in prevention of human trafficking and smuggling of migrants, and in provision of protection and support for victims of human trafficking and smuggling and for returnees in Ethiopia. However, there is still limited coordination and collaboration between these stakeholders, which also results in duplication of effort (in both activities and target areas or groups), fragmentation of resources, and the use of various approaches and methodologies. Adequate data is also lacking on who does what in migration and returnee reintegration matters. In the light of this the ILO, at the request of the National Anti-Human Trafficking and Smuggling Task Force Secretariat at the Federal Attorney’s General Office, contracted an individual consultant with the aim of mapping stakeholders and their objectives as well as initiatives in the area of migration governance in the country.

The objective of the study was to map stakeholders working on migration and their activities, including reintegration initiatives at federal level in Ethiopia, so as to improve coordination and collaboration between stakeholders. The specific tasks undertaken to achieve the objectives of the consultancy work included the following:

i. identifying government, international, non-governmental, intergovernmental, faith-based and civil society organizations that work on migration along with their objectives, interventions, budget and geographical areas of operation or intervention at federal level;

ii. identifying and listing existing coordination mechanisms between stakeholders at national level;

iii. identifying challenges, opportunities and success stories on coordination and collaboration between stakeholders;

iv. assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of existing coordination platforms; and

v. providing strategic recommendation on how to improve coordination and collaboration between stakeholders working on migration.

Background


2

This report presents the findings of the mapping study conducted at federal level from January to April 2018. The federal-level report aimed to map federal-level stakeholders that work on migration within their mandates, programmes or projects, and identify mechanisms in place to coordinate stakeholders that engage in the different dimensions of migration. The report has also included the list of NGOs that work on migration along with a mapping of their active programmes or projects, regardless of the part of the country in which they operate, with the aim of providing an overall picture of NGOs’ involvement in migration issues.

The federal-level mapping report is organized in two parts. The first part introduces the study, and describes the methodology and tools utilized for the study. The second part presents the findings of the mapping study at federal level. The findings describe and map the mandates of federal government bodies in relation to their existing programmes or projects on migration. The mandates and active programmes or projects of intergovernmental, bilateral and multilateral organizations are also presented. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including charity NGOs, mass-based societies and associations, faith-based organizations, religious institutions, business organizations, political parties and others that work on migration are also identified. The migration and related programmes or projects of NGOs are also mapped against key dimensions of migration such as prevention of irregular migration, law enforcement, labour migration and reintegration of returnees, IDPs and refugees. The existing federal-level mechanisms in place to coordinate stakeholders are also discussed in the second part of this report including their weaknesses and strengths as well as their functionality and effectiveness.

1.2. Approach and Methodology

The mapping study was highly consultative and participatory involving relevant stakeholders at different levels. The mapping activity passed through different stages. In the first stage the consultant reviewed the available secondary information in order to clearly define the scope of migration governance in Ethiopia. Following the review, the study was framed in such a way as to map stakeholders that work on labour migration, returnees, refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), creation of employment opportunities for potential migrants at home, prevention of illegal migration, prosecution of traffickers and brokers, and related areas. In addition the study tried to map existing coordination mechanisms in place at different administrative levels. In line with the specification of the scope of the mapping study, the identification of stakeholders that work on the different migration management areas commenced. This was partly undertaken by reviewing existing legal instruments, studies and other relevant documents available online. The desk review allowed a preliminary mapping of existing legal frameworks and policies, and of interventions in management of mixed migration flows, along with development of a list of organizations to be consulted during the mapping exercise. A snowball sampling technique was also utilized whereby those stakeholders identified and contacted early were asked to identify other stakeholders that work on migration. NGO coordinating or supervisory authorities at different levels and consortia of NGOs were also consulted to help with identification of NGOs with migration and related programmes and projects.

The mapping study was conducted at federal, regional and city administration levels and at zonal and woreda levels. The study covered all regional states and the two city administrations of Ethiopia. However, zonal and woreda-level consultations were conducted in the four larger regions (Oromia, Amhara, SNNPR and Tigray) and with the Addis Ababa city administration. These regions

3

Background 1

were selected for consultation at lower administrative levels owing to their high levels of outward migrations and returnees. In the other regional states (Gambella, Benishangul Gumuz, Harari, Afar, Ethio Somali and Dire Dawa City Administration), the consultations were limited to regional and city administration levels.

Selection of zones and woredas for consultation in the four larger regions and Addis Ababa was undertaken in consultation with the respective regional BoLSA officials. Two sample zones, sub-zones or cities and one woreda from each sample zonal or sub-city administration were selected for consultation from each of the four regions and from the Addis Ababa City Administration. The level of outward migration and the available time and resources were the criteria considered when selecting the sample zones and woredas for the study. The list of zones, woredas and cities selected for each of the four bigger regional states and for the Addis Ababa City Administration is presented in Table 1 below.

n Table 1: List of zones and woredas/cities selected in the four bigger regional states and Addis Ababa City Administration for mapping

Region/ City Administration Zone/ Sub-city/ City Woreda/City

Tigray Southern Zone Raya Azebo

East Tigray Zone Wukro City

Amhara North Wollo Zone Kobo Woreda

South Wollo Kalu Woreda

SNNPRS Gurage Zone Butajira City Administration

Silte Zone Silte Woreda

Oromia Jimma Zone Gomma Woreda

West Arsi Zone Gedeb Assasa Woreda

Addis Ababa City Administration Addis Ketema Woreda 7

Bole Sub-City Woreda 13

Different governmental, intergovernmental, religious and non-governmental organizations were consulted at different levels. At least 386 stakeholders were contacted for data collection at all administrative levels (242 government bodies from federal to woreda levels, 113 local and international NGOs, and several embassies and development partners, UN agencies, religious institutions, mass-based societies, mass media and others). The consultant managed to consult 237 stakeholders at different levels. Most of these stakeholders were consulted through face-to-face interviews, while a few others participated by completing a survey. Interviews were conducted with key stakeholders using semi-structured interview guides designed for the different stakeholder categories while the survey was sent to most other stakeholders that work on migration. Data was also gathered through surveys; some governmental and non-governmental organizations as well as diplomatic missions and development partners that work on migrations were given the option of completing a survey online, through e-mail or printed format. Contact details of some key stakeholders consulted for the study are presented in Annexes 1 and 2. The list of stakeholders consulted for the mapping study is presented in Annex 4.


4

The consultation focused on acquiring stakeholders’ contact details and information on programmes and projects on migration, the coordination platforms to which they are parties, assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of existing migration management systems and structures in the country, and other related information. In situations where stakeholders could not be reached for consultations, the consultant tried to collect basic information by browsing their websites (where they had one).

Surveys and interviews were administered by trained field assistants. All field assistants deployed from the centre participated in a three-day training course on how to conduct interviews, how to administer questionnaires and how to tailor and adapt them to the status of the respondent, the specific organization and the location. Local field assistants were also engaged to support data collection by delivering official letters to identified stakeholders, arrange appointments, and collect completed surveys.

Much of the data gathered for the mapping study was qualitative. Hence qualitative content analysis methodology was utilized to analyze the data through systematic mapping of concepts, creation of themes, identifying associations between concepts, and seeking explanations from the data. Attempts were also made to support the interpretation with the use of tables to illuminate and indicate relationships between stakeholders.

1.3. Limitations of the study

The study has some limitations worth mentioning. It could have been more comprehensive if stakeholders contacted for consultation had responded and participated in it. The consultant tried to make up for this lack by gathering basic information from the websites of some stakeholders. The other limitation of the study relates to the country’s security situation. Given that Ethiopia was under a State of Emergency (SoE) during the data collection process, some government officials, particularly at lower administrative levels, were unwilling to provide information, fearing that to do so would violate some of the provisions of the SoE. Government officials, particularly at regional and lower administrative levels, were also difficult to find owing to their frequent engagement in meetings, involvement in urgent matters and for other reasons. Poor documentation systems and lack of documented information, particularly in government offices, was also another challenge to obtaining information on their mandates, plans and performance reports on migration, and to learning about the existing institutional arrangements for coordination.

5

Migration issues are complex and require involvement of several government bodies in order to cover the challenges relating to labour migration, emergencies, forced migration, displacement, migration and development, trafficking in persons and human smuggling, immigration and border management, forced and voluntary returns, and reintegration of returnees and victims. In this section stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level are identified and discussed.

2.1. Mapping of Key Stakeholders that Work on Migration at Federal Level

2.1.1. Government Bodies

The overall mandate of Ethiopian ministries and other executive organs at federal level is captured in Proclamation 916/2015 on the Definitions of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. This proclamation was, however, replaced or amended in October 2018, reducing the number of ministries to 20. The proclamation to “Provide for the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in persons and Smuggling of Migrants” (No. 909/2015) and the Overseas Employment Proclamation No. 923/2016 also gave additional specific responsibilities to some line ministries and committees. For the purposes of this mapping study, the focus is on key institutions in the domain of labour migration management, refugees and IDPs.

Most federal government bodies have mandates relating to aspects of migration management. They include the following: the House of Federation, the House of Peoples’ Representatives, the Prime Minister’s Office, the Office of the Attorney General, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Intelligence and Security Service, the Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, the Federal Police Commission, the Central Statistical Agency, the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), the Administration for Refuge and Returnees Affairs (ARRA), the Federal Urban Job Creation and Food Security Agency, the Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises Development Agency, the Federal Government Communications Office, the Ministry of Education/Federal TVET Agency, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ethiopian News Agency, the Ministry of Civil Service and Human Resource Development, the Ethiopian Press Enterprise, the Ministry of Federal and Pastoralist Development Affairs, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation, the Judiciary, the National Bank of Ethiopia, the Financial Intelligence Center, the Ministry of Industry, the Ethiopian Investment Commission, the Federal Cooperatives Agency, the Ministry of Agriculture, and others. The mandates, programmes and activities of some of the key federal government bodies are presented in Table 2 on the following page.

2 Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level

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inis

ter’s

Of

fice

The

High

est e

xecu

tive

powe

rs o

f the

Fed

eral

Gov

ernm

ent a

re v

este

d in

the

Prim

e M

inis

ter a

nd in

the

Coun

cil o

f Min

iste

rs. T

he P

rime

Min

iste

r is

the

Chie

f Exe

cutiv

e an

d th

e Ch

airm

an o

f the

Cou

ncil

of M

inis

ters

. The

Prim

e M

inis

ter h

as a

lso

the

duty

to fo

llow

up a

nd e

nsur

e th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of la

ws, p

olic

ies,

dire

ctiv

es a

nd

othe

r dec

isio

ns a

dopt

ed b

y the

Hou

se o

f Peo

ples

’ Rep

rese

ntat

ives

and

Cou

ncil

of

Min

iste

rs, i

nclu

ding

thos

e th

at re

late

to m

igra

tion2

. Cha

ired

by th

e de

puty

Prim

e M

inis

ter’s

Offi

ce, a

s st

ated

in P

rocl

amat

ion

No. 9

09/2

015,

the

Natio

nal A

nti-

Traf

ficki

ng a

nd S

mug

glin

g Co

mm

ittee

is a

lso

acco

unta

ble

to th

e Pr

ime

Min

iste

r (A

rticl

e 72

and

75

of th

e FD

RE C

onst

itutio

n).

The

Natio

nal A

nti-H

uman

Traf

ficki

ng a

nd S

mug

glin

g Co

mm

ittee

/Cou

ncil

is

acco

unta

ble

to th

e Pr

ime

Min

iste

r; an

d th

e De

puty

Prim

e M

inis

ter l

eads

/cha

irs

the

natio

nal A

nti-H

uman

Traf

ficki

ng a

nd S

mug

glin

g Co

mm

ittee

/Cou

ncil.

Coun

cil o

f Min

iste

rsRe

spon

sibl

e to

the

Prim

e M

inis

ter,

the

Coun

cil o

f Min

iste

rs is

the

fede

ral

exec

utiv

e or

gan

prim

arily

resp

onsi

ble

for f

eder

al p

olic

y for

mul

atio

n an

d ex

ecut

ion.

The

Cou

ncil

has

also

a d

uty t

o de

cide

on

the

orga

niza

tiona

l stru

ctur

e of

min

istri

es a

nd o

ther

org

ans

of g

over

nmen

t res

pons

ible

to it

; dra

w up

the

annu

al fe

dera

l bud

get a

nd im

plem

ent i

t (fo

llowi

ng a

ppro

val);

form

ulat

e an

d im

plem

ent e

cono

mic

, soc

ial a

nd d

evel

opm

ent p

olic

ies

and

stra

tegi

es;

form

ulat

e th

e co

untry

’s fo

reig

n po

licy a

nd e

xerc

ise

over

all s

uper

visi

on o

ver i

ts

impl

emen

tatio

n; e

nsur

e th

e ob

serv

ance

of l

aw a

nd o

rder

; ena

ct re

gula

tions

pu

rsua

nt to

pow

ers

vest

ed in

it b

y the

Hou

se o

f Peo

ples

’ Rep

rese

ntat

ives

; and

en

sure

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

laws

and

dec

isio

ns a

dopt

ed b

y the

Hou

se o

f Pe

ople

s’ R

epre

sent

ativ

es (A

rticl

e 77

of t

he F

DRE

Cons

titut

ion)

. The

se m

anda

tes

and

dutie

s of

the

Coun

cil d

irect

ly or

indi

rect

ly af

fect

the

man

agem

ent o

f m

igra

tion

in th

e co

untry

and

out

side

it.

The

sam

e as

for i

ts m

anda

tes.

2 C

onst

itutio

n of

the

Fede

ral D

emoc

ratic

Rep

ublic

of E

thio

pia.

199

4.

7

Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level 2Na

me

of

Gove

rnm

ent B

ody

Man

date

sPr

ogra

mm

es/ a

ctiv

ities

on

mig

ratio

n

Atto

rney

Gen

eral

Acco

rdin

g to

arti

cle

16 o

f Pro

clam

atio

n 91

6/20

15, t

he A

ttorn

ey G

ener

al (t

he th

en

Min

istry

of J

ustic

e) s

hall,

am

ong

othe

r thi

ngs,

hav

e th

e po

wers

and

dut

ies

to

be c

hief

adv

isor

to th

e Fe

dera

l Gov

ernm

ent o

n m

atte

rs o

f law

; und

erta

ke le

gal

refo

rm a

nd s

tudi

es th

at h

ave

impo

rtanc

e fo

r the

just

ice

syst

em a

nd c

arry

out

th

e co

dific

atio

n an

d co

nsol

idat

ion

of fe

dera

l law

s; a

ssis

t in

the

prep

arat

ion

of d

raft

laws

; stu

dy th

e ca

uses

of c

rimes

; dev

ise

ways

and

mea

ns o

f crim

e pr

even

tion;

coo

rdin

ate

the

rele

vant

Gov

ernm

ent O

rgan

s an

d Co

mm

uniti

es in

cr

ime

prev

entio

n; u

nder

take

or o

rder

the

cond

uct o

f inv

estig

atio

n wh

ere

it be

lieve

s th

at a

crim

e th

e ad

judi

catio

n of

whi

ch fa

lls u

nder

the

juris

dict

ion

of

the

Fede

ral C

ourts

has

bee

n co

mm

itted

; dire

ct a

nd s

uper

vise

the

proc

ess

of th

e in

vest

igat

ion;

repr

esen

t the

Fed

eral

Gov

ernm

ent i

n th

e in

stitu

tion

and

trial

of

crim

inal

cha

rges

; with

draw

crim

inal

cha

rges

for g

ood

caus

es a

nd in

acc

orda

nce

with

the

law;

follo

w up

the

exec

utio

n of

dec

isio

ns o

f the

cou

rts; e

stab

lish

syst

ems

for g

athe

ring,

han

dlin

g an

d di

strib

utio

n of

info

rmat

ion

rela

ting

to

crim

inal

just

ice;

and

oth

ers.

Mig

ratio

n sp

ecifi

c pow

ers a

nd d

uties

are

also

give

n to

the A

ttorn

ey G

ener

al b

y Pr

ocla

mat

ion 9

09/2

015.

Und

er A

rticle

41,

Pro

clam

ation

909

/201

5 st

ates

that

th

e Atto

rney

Gen

eral

shal

l des

ign

an a

ction

pla

n an

d ca

use t

o dev

elop

broc

hure

s,

mod

ules

, dra

mat

ic sc

enes

, and

othe

r edu

catio

nal m

etho

dolog

ies co

ntai

ning

the

recr

uitm

ent m

echa

nism

s of h

uman

traf

ficke

rs a

nd m

igra

nt sm

uggl

ers,

mea

ns a

nd

types

of ex

ploit

ation

s and

othe

r sta

ying

mec

hani

sms,

the r

ole of

law

enfo

rcem

ent

inst

itutio

ns a

nd ot

her i

nfor

mat

ion a

nd su

ppor

t pro

vidin

g in

stitu

tions

; the

righ

ts of

vic

tims,

laws

rega

rdin

g th

e pro

tect

ion, c

are a

nd re

patri

ation

of E

thiop

ian

natio

nals

wh

o are

vict

ims,

the r

ole of

diff

eren

t org

aniza

tions

, law

enfo

rcem

ents

and

othe

rs;

the m

eans

of m

inim

izing

driv

ing

forc

es of

vict

ims f

or su

ch cr

imes

espe

cially

abo

ut

wom

en a

nd ch

ildre

n; a

nd b

est p

ract

ices u

sed

for c

omba

ting

the c

rime a

nd b

road

cast

to

pub

lic a

t lar

ge th

roug

h m

ass m

edia

s and

othe

r com

mun

icatio

n m

eans

.

The

Offic

e of

the

Atto

rney

Gen

eral

exe

rcis

es it

s po

wers

as

man

date

d by

the

law.

It u

nder

take

s cr

ime

prev

entio

n, c

rimin

al in

vest

igat

ion,

pro

secu

tion,

crim

e re

spon

se a

nd c

orre

ctio

nal p

ower

s re

late

d to

irre

gula

r mig

ratio

n, tr

affic

king

and

sm

uggl

ing.

It le

ads

a de

sign

ated

inst

itutio

n fo

r mig

ratio

n is

sues

(as

man

date

d by

Pro

clam

atio

n No

. 909

/201

5) b

y cha

iring

and

coo

rdin

atin

g th

e Na

tiona

l Ant

i-Tr

affic

king

and

Sm

uggl

ing

Task

forc

e as

wel

l as

the

Wor

king

Gro

up o

n Le

gisl

atio

n an

d La

w En

forc

emen

t. Th

e Of

fice

of th

e At

torn

ey G

ener

al, t

hrou

gh it

s Se

cret

aria

t, co

ordi

nate

s th

e pr

epar

atio

n an

d co

mpi

latio

n of

ann

ual p

lan

for t

he n

atio

nal

task

forc

e, fo

llows

up

its im

plem

enta

tion,

org

anize

s re

gula

r nat

iona

l tas

kfor

ce

mee

tings

, rec

eive

s an

d co

mpi

les

perio

dic

repo

rts fr

om re

gion

al ta

skfo

rces

and

m

embe

rs o

f the

nat

iona

l tas

kfor

ce, p

ays

field

vis

it to

regi

onal

task

forc

es to

ver

ify

thei

r fun

ctio

nalit

y and

iden

tify g

aps,

sub

mits

per

iodi

c re

ports

to th

e na

tiona

l co

mm

ittee

, sup

ports

the

prep

arat

ion

of a

nat

iona

l rep

ort,

and

so o

n. T

he O

ffice

of

the

Atto

rney

Gen

eral

, thr

ough

its

secr

etar

iat,

has

also

bee

n im

plem

entin

g an

aw

aren

ess-

rais

ing

prog

ram

me

with

fund

ing

from

the

Neth

erla

nds

Emba

ssy.

The

prog

ram

me

is b

eing

impl

emen

ted

in p

artn

ersh

ip w

ith th

e Na

tiona

l The

atre

so

as to

cre

ate

awar

enes

s an

d pr

even

t irre

gula

r mig

ratio

n by

pre

parin

g br

ochu

res,

m

odul

es, d

ram

atic

sce

nes,

and

oth

ers.

Thr

ough

its

diffe

rent

dire

ctor

ates

, the

At

torn

ey G

ener

al a

lso

enga

ges

in p

rovi

sion

of l

egal

ass

ista

nce

for r

etur

nees

, cr

eatin

g pu

blic

awa

rene

ss o

n la

ws, i

nclu

ding

thos

e th

at re

late

to m

igra

tion,

and

ot

hers

.

Min

istry

of F

orei

gn

Affa

irs (M

oFA)

MoF

A ho

lds

sign

ifica

nt m

anda

tes

on m

igra

tion.

MoF

A is

the

lead

ing

agen

cy fo

r jo

int a

nd m

ultil

ater

al c

omm

issi

ons

deal

ing

with

nei

ghbo

urin

g an

d ot

her f

orei

gn

coun

tries

, thr

ough

bor

der c

omm

issi

ons

and

agre

emen

ts o

n im

mig

ratio

n is

sues

. Th

e M

inis

try o

f For

eign

Affa

irs h

as th

e po

wers

and

dut

ies

to c

oord

inat

e an

d su

perv

ise

the

activ

ities

of E

thio

pia’

s di

plom

atic

and

con

sula

r mis

sion

s an

d pe

rman

ent m

issi

ons

of E

thio

pia

to in

tern

atio

nal o

rgan

izatio

ns; e

nsur

e th

at th

e in

tere

sts

and

the

right

s of

Eth

iopi

ans

resi

ding

abr

oad

are

prot

ecte

d; e

ncou

rage

an

d su

ppor

t ass

ocia

tions

form

ed b

y Eth

iopi

an c

omm

uniti

es a

nd fr

iend

s of

Et

hiop

ia; a

nd fa

cilit

ate

parti

cipa

tion

of th

e di

aspo

ras

in th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

the

coun

try th

roug

h en

surin

g di

aspo

ras

enga

gem

ent;

Alm

ost a

ll di

rect

orat

es o

f the

MoF

A ha

ve p

rogr

amm

es o

r act

iviti

es th

at a

re

rela

ted

to m

igra

tion.

Con

sula

r and

dip

lom

atic

ser

vice

s ar

e ha

ndle

d by

MoF

A.

The

Min

istry

of F

orei

gn A

ffairs

und

erta

kes

seve

ral o

ther

act

iviti

es, i

nclu

ding

pr

ovid

ing

prot

ectio

n se

rvic

es fo

r Eth

iopi

ans

livin

g ab

road

, cre

atin

g aw

aren

ess

amon

g ci

tizen

s liv

ing

abro

ad a

bout

thei

r rig

hts

and

resp

onsi

bilit

ies,

pro

vidi

ng

lega

l ass

ista

nce

to c

itize

ns th

at n

eed

such

sup

port

by h

iring

lawy

ers,

col

lect

ing

and

shar

ing

mig

ratio

n re

late

d in

form

atio

n wi

th a

ctor

s, c

oord

inat

ing

with

oth

er

acto

rs fo

r rep

atria

tion

of re

turn

ees,

faci

litat

ing

sign

ing

of b

ilate

ral l

abou

r ag

reem

ents

, and

oth

ers.

GO

VER

NM

ENT

BO

DIE

S


8

Nam

e of

Go

vern

men

t Bod

yM

anda

tes

Prog

ram

mes

/ act

iviti

es o

n m

igra

tion

Min

istry

of F

orei

gn

Affa

irs (M

oFA)

(c

ontd

.)

and

othe

rs3 .

Diffe

rent

pro

clam

ation

s hav

e also

give

n so

me a

dditi

onal

and

mig

ratio

n-sp

ecifi

c man

date

s to t

he M

inist

ry of

Fore

ign

Affa

irs. U

nder

Arti

cle 2

7 of

Pro

clam

ation

No

. 909

/201

54, t

he M

inist

ry of

Fore

ign

Affa

irs is

man

date

d to

initi

ate t

he p

roce

ss

to re

scue

, rele

ase a

nd re

turn

any

Eth

iopia

n, fo

und

outs

ide E

thiop

ia, w

ho is

a vi

ctim

of

traf

fickin

g in

per

sons

and

smug

glin

g of

mig

rant

s to E

thiop

ia. T

he m

inist

ry is

al

so m

anda

ted

to p

rovid

e any

vict

im of

hum

an tr

affic

king

or a

smug

gled

mig

rant

co

mpe

lled

to st

ay in

a fo

reig

n co

untry

for a

ny ca

se w

ith le

gal c

ouns

ellin

g or

as

sista

nce a

nd fo

llow

up h

andl

ing

of th

e vict

im a

nd st

atus

of th

e cas

e thr

ough

the

Ethi

opia

n di

plom

atic

miss

ion.

The M

inist

ry of

Fore

ign

Affa

irs, i

n co

oper

ation

with

the N

ation

al In

telli

genc

e an

d Se

curit

y Ser

vice a

nd ot

her r

eleva

nt or

gans

, is a

lso m

anda

ted

to co

llect

and

di

ssem

inat

e dat

a of

the l

ist of

vict

ims o

f the

crim

e, th

e cou

ntry

and

the c

ondi

tions

un

der w

hich

they

are

foun

d an

d ot

her n

eces

sary

info

rmat

ion’s;

cond

uct a

sses

smen

t on

traf

fickin

g of

hum

an a

nd sm

uggl

ing

of m

igra

nts a

nd th

e lev

el of

risk

s of d

iffer

ent

coun

tries

and

com

mun

icate

in d

iffer

ent m

echa

nism

s to v

ictim

s and

mig

rant

s of

Ethi

opia

n na

tiona

ls wh

o res

ide i

n ot

her c

ount

ies; a

nd su

ppor

t the

esta

blish

men

t of

the E

thiop

ian

com

mun

ity in

the d

estin

ation

coun

tries

whe

re cr

ime o

f tra

ffick

ing

of

hum

an a

nd sm

uggl

ing

of m

igra

nts f

ound

and

supp

ort t

he co

mm

unity

mem

bers

to

mai

ntai

n th

eir ri

ghts

and

ben

efits

(Arti

cle 4

6 Pr

ocla

mat

ion N

o. 90

9/20

15).

MoF

A ha

s a

com

mitt

ee th

at re

spon

ds to

the

evac

uatio

n ne

eds

of E

thio

pian

m

igra

nts.

MOF

A is

a m

embe

r of t

he n

atio

nal a

nti-h

uman

traf

ficki

ng ta

sk fo

rce.

It

is a

lso

a m

embe

r of t

he w

orki

ng g

roup

that

wor

ks o

n vi

ctim

sup

port.

MoF

A wo

rks

with

diff

eren

t sta

keho

lder

s, in

clud

ing

the

Natio

nal I

ntel

ligen

ce a

nd S

ecur

ity

Serv

ice,

MoL

SA, M

ain

Depa

rtmen

t for

Imm

igra

tion

and

Natio

nalit

y Affa

irs, I

OM,

ILO,

the

Offic

e of

the

Atto

rney

Gen

eral

, Fed

eral

Pol

ice

Com

mis

sion

, Eth

iopi

an

Airli

nes

and

othe

r ser

vice

pro

vide

rs s

uch

as Ti

kur A

nbes

sa H

ospi

tal a

nd M

othe

r Te

resa

.

Min

istry

of L

abou

r an

d So

cial

Affa

irs

(MoL

SA)

Acco

rdin

g to

Arti

cle

34 o

f Pro

clam

atio

n 91

6/20

15, M

oLSA

sha

ll, a

mon

g ot

hers

, ha

ve th

e po

wers

and

dut

ies

to e

stab

lish

a la

bour

adm

inis

tratio

n sy

stem

aro

und

thei

r lab

our r

elat

ion

that

ena

bles

the

prop

er tr

ansi

tion

of th

e in

form

al e

cono

my

to th

e fo

rmal

eco

nom

y; en

hanc

e th

e ac

cess

ibili

ty o

f effi

cien

t and

equ

itabl

e em

ploy

men

t ser

vice

s; re

gula

te th

e Et

hiop

ians

ove

rsea

s em

ploy

men

t; es

tabl

ish

and

put i

nto

oper

atio

n a

natio

nal l

abou

r mar

ket i

nfor

mat

ion

syst

em; c

arry

out

stu

dies

on

nat

iona

l man

powe

r and

em

ploy

men

t as

well

as o

ccup

atio

nal c

lass

ifica

tion;

and

wo

rk in

col

labo

ratio

n wi

th th

e co

ncer

ned

bodi

es to

stre

ngth

en th

e so

cial

pro

tect

ion

syst

em to

impr

ove

and

ensu

re th

e so

cial

and

eco

nom

ic w

ellb

eing

of c

itize

ns5 .

Proc

lam

atio

n No

. 923

/201

6 ha

s al

so m

anda

ted

MoL

SA to

regu

late

Eth

iopi

ans

over

seas

em

ploy

men

t. M

oLSA

’s du

ties

rang

e fro

m li

cens

ing

and

mon

itorin

g of

em

ploy

men

t age

ncie

s to

pro

tect

ion

of v

ictim

s an

d la

bour

mig

rant

s to

app

rova

l of

con

tract

agr

eem

ents

of l

abou

r mig

rant

s’ a

nd th

eir e

mpl

oyer

s. M

oLSA

als

o ha

s th

e m

anda

te to

ove

rsee

labo

ur m

igra

tion,

pre

-dep

artu

re tr

aini

ng c

onte

nt,

appr

ovin

g an

d m

onito

ring

of la

bour

mig

ratio

n co

ntra

cts,

as

well

as b

ilate

ral

The

maj

or p

rogr

amm

es a

nd a

ctiv

ities

of M

oLSA

spe

cific

to m

igra

tion

maj

or

focu

s on

pre

vent

ion

aspe

ct o

f mig

ratio

n an

d re

gula

tion

of o

vers

eas

empl

oym

ent.

The

Min

istry

wor

ks o

n pr

even

tion

of ir

regu

lar m

igra

tion

by fa

cilit

atin

g le

gal

mig

ratio

n, c

reat

ing

publ

ic a

ware

ness

, and

adv

ocat

ing

and

supp

ortin

g lo

cal j

ob

crea

tion.

MoL

SA a

lso

appr

oves

and

mon

itors

labo

ur c

ontra

ct a

gree

men

ts, a

nd li

cens

es

and

mon

itors

em

ploy

men

t age

ncie

s th

at w

ork

on o

vers

eas

empl

oym

ent.

It al

so

work

s to

geth

er w

ith M

oFA

on p

lace

men

t of l

abou

r atta

chés

and

sig

ning

of

bila

tera

l lab

our a

gree

men

ts.

MoL

SA a

lso

build

s ca

paci

ty o

f reg

iona

l cou

nter

parts

and

wor

ks o

n po

licy a

nd

stra

tegi

c m

atte

rs a

s re

late

d to

mig

ratio

n an

d its

gov

erna

nce.

The

Min

istry

is

curre

ntly

work

ing

toge

ther

with

Min

istry

of F

orei

gn A

ffairs

on

plac

emen

t of l

abou

r at

tach

és in

Eth

iopi

an D

iplo

mat

ic M

issi

ons.

In a

dditi

on, t

he m

inis

try is

eng

aged

in

var

ious

act

iviti

es w

ith s

uppo

rt fro

m th

e EU

, IOM

and

ILO

and

othe

rs to

enh

ance

m

igra

tion

gove

rnan

ce, b

uild

regi

onal

cap

acity

in

3 FD

RE.

Defi

nitio

n of

Pow

ers

and

Dut

ies

of th

e Ex

ecut

ive

Org

ans

of th

e Fe

dera

l Dem

ocra

tic R

epub

lic o

f Eth

iopi

a P

rocl

amat

ion.

Pro

clam

atio

n N

o. 9

16/2

015.

4 FD

RE.

Pre

vent

ion

and

Supp

ress

ion

of T

raffi

ckin

g in

Per

sons

and

Sm

uggl

ing

of M

igra

nts

Pro

clam

atio

n. P

rocl

amat

ion

No.

909

/201

5.

5 D

efini

tion

of P

ower

s an

d D

utie

s of

the

Exec

utiv

e O

rgan

s of

the

Fede

ral D

emoc

ratic

Rep

ublic

of E

thio

pia

Pro

clam

atio

n N

o. 9

16/2

015.

9

Mapping of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms at federal level 2Na

me

of

Gove

rnm

ent B

ody

Man

date

sPr

ogra

mm

es/ a

ctiv

ities

on

mig

ratio

n

Min

istry

of L

abou

r an

d So

cial

Affa

irs

(MoL

SA) (

cont

d.)

labo

ur a

gree

men

ts. U

nder

Arti

cle

27 (2

) of P

rocl

amat

ion

No. 9

09/2

015,

MoL

SA

is a

lso

give

n a

duty

to in

itiat

e th

e pr

oces

s to

retu

rn th

e pe

rson

in to

Eth

iopi

a wo

rkin

g wi

th o

ther

rele

vant

age

ncie

s.

term

s of

mat

eria

l, tra

inin

g an

d eq

uipm

ent.

It is

als

o th

e de

puty

cha

ir in

stitu

tion

of

the

Natio

nal A

nti-T

raffi

ckin

g an

d Sm

uggl

ing

Com

mitt

ee a

nd Ta

skfo

rce

esta

blis

hed

unde

r Pro

clam

atio

n No

. 909

/201

5. It

als

o ch

airs

the

prev

entio

n wo

rkin

g gr

oup

esta

blis

hed

unde

r the

nat

iona

l ant

i-hum

an tr

affic

king

task

forc

e.

Natio

nal D

isas

ter

and

Risk

M

anag

emen

t Co

mm

issi

on

(NDR

MC)

The

Natio

nal D

isas

ter R

isk

Man

agem

ent C

omm

issi

on (N

DRM

C) w

orks

on

disa

ster

and

risk

man

agem

ent.

The

Com

mis

sion

focu

ses

on s

ix pi

llars

nam

ely:

prev

entio

n, m

itiga

tion,

pre

pare

dnes

s, re

spon

se, r

ecov

ery a

nd re

habi

litat

ion

for

any d

isas

ter c

ause

d by

hyd

ro m

etro

logi

cal,

biol

ogic

al, g

eolo

gica

l, so

cioe

cono

mic

an

d te

chno

logi

cal f

acto

rs.

Thou

gh it

doe

s no

t hav

e a

form

al m

anda

te, t

he C

omm

issi

on s

omet

imes

wor

k on

ID

Ps w

hen

it is

cau

sed

by c

onfli

ct o

r floo

d. It

coo

rdin

ates

sta

keho

lder

s on

thei

r hu

man

itaria

n ac

tiviti

es a

nd p

artic

ipat

es in

the

activ

ities

. Des

pite

the

lack

of a

fo

rmal

man

date

, the

Com

mis

sion

is a

ctin

g as

own

er o

f IDP

s an

d ac

ts a

s le

ad.

Apar

t fro

m c

oord

inat

ion,

the

Com

mis

sion

pro

vide

s fo

reca

stin

g in

form

atio

n to

ke

y act

ors

with

rega

rd to

pot

entia

l dis

plac

emen

ts. I

t als

o m

aps

out w

here

IDPs

ar

e an

d in

form

s ke

y act

ors

who

resp

ond.

Nev

erth

eles

s, th

e Co

mm

issi

on d

oes

not

have

spe

cific

reso

urce

s al

loca

ted

for m

igra

tion

or ID

Ps. I

t has

bee

n re

spon

ding

to

mig

ratio

n, re

turn

ees

or ID

Ps a

s cr

oss-

cut

ting

activ

ities

.

In a

dditi

on to

IDPs

, NDR

MC

has

also

rece

ntly

star

ted

supp

ortin

g re

turn

ees

follo

wing

th

e re

ques

t fro

m th

e M

inis

try o

f For

eign

Affa

irs a

nd th

e Na

tiona

l Ant

i-Tra

ffick

ing

task

forc

e. T

he C

omm

issi

on is

a m

embe

r of t

he n

atio

nal a

nti-h

uman

traf

ficki

ng

task

forc

e. It

s ac

tiviti

es a

s re

late

d to

retu

rnee

s in

clud

ed re

gist

erin

g th

em; s

uppl

ying

food

, she

lter a

nd m

edic

al s

ervi

ces;

and

cov

erin

g tra

nspo

rtatio

n co

sts

of re

turn

ees

so th

at th

ey w

ould

be

able

to g

o to

thei

r res

pect

ive

loca

litie

s. N

DRM

C is

a m

embe

r of

the

natio

nal a

nti-t

raffi

ckin

g ta

skfo

rce

and

vict

im a

ssis

tanc

e wo

rkin

g gr

oup.

It

also

coo

rdin

ates

hum

anita

rian

activ

ities

thro

ugh

disa

ster

risk

man

agem

ent

com

mitt

ees

and

work

ing

grou

ps e

stab

lishe

d at

fede

ral l

evel

.

Min

istry

of H

ealth

(M

oH)

Acco

rdin

g to

Arti

cle

33 o

f Pro

clam

atio

n 91

6/20

15, t

he M

inis

try o

f Hea

lth s

hall,

am

ong

othe

rs, h

ave

the

powe

rs a

nd d

utie

s to

form

ulat

e th

e co

untry

's h

ealth

se

ctor

dev

elop

men

t pro

gram

; fol

low

up a

nd e

valu

ate

the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

sam

e; s

uppo

rt th

e ex

pans

ion

of h

ealth

ser

vice

s co

vera

ge a

nd in

frast

ruct

ure;

fo

llow

up a

nd c

oord

inat

e th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of h

ealth

pro

gram

mes

fina

nced

by

fore

ign

assi

stan

ce a

nd lo

ans;

dire

ct, c

oord

inat

e an

d fo

llow

up im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e co

untry

's h

ealth

info

rmat

ion

syst

em; e

nsur

e ad

equa

te s

uppl

y and

pro

per

utili

zatio

n of

ess

entia

l dru

gs a

nd m

edic

al e

quip

men

t in

the

coun

try; a

nd

supe

rvis

e th

e ad

min

istra

tion

of fe

dera

l hos

pita

ls; c

olla

bora

te in

the

capa

city

-bu

ildin

g ac

tiviti

es o

f the

fede

ral u

nive

rsity

hos

pita

ls.

Artic

le 26

of P

rocla

mat

ion N

o. 90

9/20

15 a

lso re

quire

s the

Gov

ernm

ent t

o put

in p

lace

ne

cess

ary w

orkin

g pr

oced

ures

to id

entif

y, re

scue

, rep

atria

te a

nd re

habi

litat

e vict

ims

and

hum

an tr

affic

king

and

smug

glin

g in

par

tner

ship

with

othe

r for

eign

dipl

omat

ic

miss

ions,

conc

erne

d go

vern

men

t and

non

-gov

ernm

ent o

rgan

izatio

ns a

nd ot

her

supp

ortiv

e mas

s org

aniza

tion.

The p

rocla

mat

ion h

as a

lso a

ccor

ded

victim

s ava

ilabl

e he

alth

and

socia

l ser

vices

, med

ical c

are,

coun

selli

ng a

nd p

sych

ologi

cal a

ssist

ance

, wi

th ca

re, o

n a

confi

dent

ial b

asis

and

with

full

resp

ect o

f priv

acy.

This

artic

le ha

s gi

ven

the M

inist

ry of

Hea

lth so

me m

anda

tes t

o ass

ist vi

ctim

s’ re

habi

litat

ion.

By c

oord

inat

ing

heal

th a

nd h

ealth

-rel

ated

inst

itutio

ns, t

he M

inis

try o

f Hea

lth

faci

litat

es a

cces

s to

hea

lth s

ervi

ces

to re

fuge

es, r

etur

nees

and

IDPs

. The

m

inis

try e

stab

lishe

s te

mpo

rary

faci

litie

s at

IDP

cam

ps to

pro

vide

hea

lth s

ervi

ces.

In

col

labo

ratio

n wi

th A

RRA

and

othe

r sta

keho

lder

s, th

e m

inis

try a

lso

prov

ides

/m

anag

es h

ealth

faci

litie

s/se

rvic

es fo

r ref

ugee

s. S

imila

r hea

lth s

ervi

ces

are

also

pr

ovid

ed to

retu

rnee

s in

col

labo

ratio

n wi

th d

iffer

ent s

take

hold

ers.

Nev

erth

eles

s,

the

min

istry

doe

s no

t hav

e an

y spe

cific

pro

gram

me

for r

efug

ees,

IDPs

and

re

turn

ees.

The

se g

roup

s ar

e be

ing

serv

ed b

y the

min

istry

thro

ugh

its e

mer

genc

y pr

ogra

mm

e. T

he m

inis

try p

rovi

des

its h

ealth

ser

vice

s to

IDPs

in c

olla

bora

tion

with

the

Natio

nal D

isas

ter C

ounc

il, N

atio

nal D

isas

ter a

nd R

isk

Man

agem

ent

Com

mis

sion

(NDR

MS)

, Min

istry

of L

ives

tock

and

Fis

hery,

Min

istry

of A

gric

ultu

re

and

Natu

ral R

esou

rce,

Min

iste

r of F

eder

al a

nd P

asto

ralis

t Dev

elop

men

t Affa

irs,

Min

istry

of W

ater

and

Ene

rgy,

Min

istry

of W

omen

and

Chi

ldre

n Af

fairs

, Min

istry

of

Edu

catio

n, M

inis

try o

f Tra

de, a

nd M

inis

try o

f Def

ense

. As

rega

rds

retu

rnee

s,

MoH

offe

rs h

ealth

sta

tus

scre

enin

g at

the

airp

ort i

n co

llabo

ratio

n wi

th M

inis

try

of F

orei

gn A

ffairs

. Hea

lth s

ervi

ces

to re

fuge

es a

re p

rovi

ded

in c

olla

bora

tion

with

UN

CHR

and

ARRA

. MoH

is a

lso

a m

embe

r of t

he n

atio

nal a

nti-h

uman

traf

ficki

ng

task

forc

e an

d th

e wo

rkin

g gr

oup

esta

blis

hed

for v

ictim

ass

ista

nce.

GO

VER

NM

ENT

BO

DIE

S


10

Nam

e of

Go

vern

men

t Bod

yM

anda

tes

Prog

ram

mes

/ act

iviti

es o

n m

igra

tion

Natio

nal

Inte

llige

nce

and

Secu

rity S

ervi

ce

(NIS

S)

The

Natio

nal I

ntel

ligen

ce a

nd S

ecur

ity S

ervi

ce (N

ISS)

is m

anda

ted

to p

rote

ct a

nd

safe

guar

d th

e na

tiona

l sec

urity

of t

he c

ount

ry b

y pro

vidi

ng q

ualit

y int

ellig

ence

an

d re

liabl

e se

curit

y ser

vice

. Pro

clam

atio

n No

. 909

/201

5 al

so s

tate

d th

e ne

ed

for d

iffer

ent f

eder

al g

over

nmen

t age

ncie

s to

wor

k wi

th th

e Na

tiona

l Sec

urity

an

d In

telli

genc

e Se

rvic

e. T

he S

ervi

ce h

as it

s he

ad o

ffice

in A

ddis

Aba

ba a

nd

repr

esen

tativ

e of

fices

in th

e re

gion

s6.

NISS

wor

ks m

ainl

y on

law

enfo

rcem

ent.

It is

als

o a

mem

ber o

f the

Ant

i-Tr

affic

king

cou

ncil

and

task

forc

e as

wel

l as

law

enfo

rcem

ent a

nd le

gisl

atio

n wo

rkin

g gr

oup

esta

blis

hed

unde

r the

task

forc

e.

The

Mai

n De

partm

ent f

or Im

mig

ratio

n an

d Na

tiona

lity A

ffairs

was

und

er N

ISS

(but

has

rece

ntly

been

reor

gani

zed)

and

is m

anda

ted

to is

sue

pass

ports

and

tra

vel d

ocum

ents

for E

thio

pian

s an

d no

n-Et

hiop

ians

trav

ellin

g to

and

from

Et

hiop

ia.

The

Depa

rtmen

t iss

ues

pass

ports

and

trav

el d

ocum

ents

, and

eng

ages

in b

orde

r co

ntro

l and

issu

es v

isa

for f

orei

gner

s. T

he d

epar

tmen

t als

o wo

rks

with

the

Min

istry

of F

orei

gn A

ffairs

, IOM

and

oth

er s

take

hold

ers

in d

eter

min

ing

iden

tity

of n

atio

nals

stra

nded

in o

ther

cou

ntrie

s an

d ne

ed to

retu

rn to

Eth

iopi

a. A

s fa

r as

refu

gees

are

con

cern

ed, t

he d

epar

tmen

t gat

hers

info

rmat

ion

in c

olla

bora

tion

with

ARR

A; p

rovi

des

work

per

mits

to re

fuge

es a

nd to

thos

e wi

th p

erm

anen

t re

side

nce

ID in

the

area

s pe

rmitt

ed fo

r for

eign

wor

kers

; and

per

mits

loca

l in

tegr

atio

n fo

r tho

se p

rotra

cted

refu

gees

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mapping of stakeholders working on migration and … · bofed bureau of finance and economic...

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