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    Mapping risk of exposure to contaminantsamong Aboriginal communities in Canada

    Laurie Hing Man Chan, Ph.D.

    BC Leadership ChairNSERC Northern Research ChairCommunity Health Program

    Annual Meeting of the Consultative Group for the

    North American Pollutant Release and Transfer Register

    (PRTR) Project

    Nov 29th, 2006Nov 29th, 2006

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    Self-reported WEB based database managed byEnvironment Canada

    http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/npri/npri_home_e.cfm

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    National Pollutant Release Inventory

    Metal Ore Mining

    Electricity Generation, Transmission & Dist.

    Alumina & Aluminum Production & Processing

    Oil & Gas Extraction

    Pulp, Paper & Paperboard Mills

    Iron & Steel Mills & Ferro-Alloy Mfg.

    Foundries

    Waste Treatment & Disposal

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    National Pollutant Release Inventory

    5 Groups of Chemicals

    Core industrial chemicals

    Toxic metals, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg

    PAHs

    Dioxins and Furans

    Criteria Air Contaminants

    N i l P ll R l I Di ib i

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    National Pollutant Release Inventory Distribution

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    Objectives

    To estimate the impact of industrialpollution on Aboriginal communities

    To identify hotspots for specificcontaminants

    To explore the relationship between

    exposure and health outcomes

    Di t ib ti f Ab i i l C iti C d

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    Distribution of Aboriginal Communities across Canada

    Ab i i l C iti d NPRI F iliti

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    Aboriginal Communities and NPRI Facilities

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    Releases of Pollutants Across and Number of

    Aboriginal Communities that are within 50 km

    Pollutant Facilities SumRelease

    Units Communities Population

    Cadmium 151 160800 kg 145 83200

    Lead 311 1670700 kg 176 91500

    Arsenic 127 203700 kg 150 78100

    Mercury 172 4500 kg 135 80100

    Dioxins and Furans 190 70 g 212 99400

    Ammonia 251 33900 tonnes 195 105900

    Carbon Monoxide 503 544000 tonnes 291 145700

    Sulphur Dioxide 344 1043700 tonnes 226 121300

    Particulate Matter (PM) 565 107800 tonnes 291 144900

    PM2.5 877 36600 tonnes 336 182900

    PM10 978 62000 tonnes 348 177600

    Volatile Organic Carbon 719 158900 tonnes 290 147600

    Aboriginal Communities and Mercury Outputs

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    Aboriginal Communities and Mercury Outputs

    Aboriginal Communities within 50km of Mercury

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    Aboriginal Communities within 50km of MercuryPolluting Facilities in Ontario

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    Hotspot for Hg pollution in

    Ontario

    Company Facility EnvironmentalRelease

    (kg)

    Total

    Popn

    Ontario Power Generation

    Inc

    Nanticoke Generating Station 520 770

    City of Hamilton SWARU Incinerator 25

    Ontario Power GenerationInc

    Lambton Generating Station 219 6872

    Ontario Power GenerationInc

    Thunder Bay GeneratingStation

    73 741

    Aboriginal Communities and Dioxins and Furans

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    Aboriginal Communities and Dioxins and Furans

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    Hotspots for Dioxins and

    Furans in BC

    Province Communities Population Facilities Totaltonnes

    BC 6 1271 1 0.0170

    BC 34 10856 8 3.4210

    M t l O Mi i Sit A C d

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    Metal Ore Mining Sites Across Canada

    Ab i i l C iti d M t l O Mi i Sit

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    Aboriginal Communities and Metal Ore Mining Sites

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    Hotspot of metal pollution in

    New Brunswick

    Noranda Inc Brunswick Smelter

    Noranda Inc Brunswick Mine

    Eel River Bar First Nation Eel River Bar 327

    Micmacs of Gesgapegiag Maria 524

    Pabineau Pabineau 93

    Aboriginal Communities & NPRI Sites in the

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    Aboriginal Communities & NPRI Sites in theMackenzie River Watershed

    Past Present & Future Mine Sites in West Moberly

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    Past, Present & Future Mine Sites in West Moberly

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    Adverse health outcomes associated with

    exposure to environmental contaminants

    cancer (various types) Infertility infant mortality

    spontaneous abortion congenital malformations and low birth

    weight

    neurological disorders respiratory outcomes overall mortality Vassilev et al. 1999

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    Environmental Health Population-level Biomarkers

    Using Selected Birth Outcomes

    Sex Ratios Gestational Age

    Birth Weight at Term

    Stillbirths, Spontaneous Abortions

    Congenital Abnormalities and Malformations

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    Challenge to get reliable health

    outcome data

    Local health authorities Provincial database

    Statistics Canada

    First Nations Regional Longitudinal HealthSurvey (RHS) 2002/2003

    Ethnicity, mobile population, over/underreporting, data ownership


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