mapping’bacterial’transcriptomes’from’ ’’rna6seq ... ·...

16
Mapping Bacterial Transcriptomes from RNASeq Expression Data Andrew Baxter Broad Ins?tute of MIT and Harvard

Upload: others

Post on 17-Oct-2020

7 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Mapping  Bacterial  Transcriptomes  from      RNA-­‐Seq  Expression  Data  

 Andrew  Baxter  

 Broad  Ins?tute  of  MIT  and  Harvard  

         

Page 2: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

The  importance  of  mapping  bacterial  transcriptomes  

 Defining  transcribed  regions  and  how  they  change  in  different  environments  gives  us  clues  about  bacterial  physiology  and  evolu?on  

 

Page 3: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Using    RNA-­‐Seq  to  map  bacterial  transcriptomes  

RNA-­‐Seq    •  Convert  RNA  into  cDNA  libraries  

•  Generates  sequencing  “reads”  

•  Reads  are  aligned  to  a  reference  genome  (when  available)  with  nucleo?de  resolu?on    

•  Number  of  reads  in  region  correlates  to  expression  of  RNA  from  region  

Page 4: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’
Page 5: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

The  challenges  of  mapping  bacterial  transcripts  by  RNA-­‐Seq  

   •  Biases  introduced  during  cDNA  library  construc?on    

•  Complexity  of  bacterial  transcriptomes    

Page 6: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

ORF1   ORF2   ORF3  

ORF1   ORF2   ORF3  

Many  adjacent  genes  in  bacteria  are  independently  transcribed…  

Many  others  are  coordinately  transcribed  as  part  of  a  single  mRNA  (operons)  

The  complexity  of  bacterial  transcriptomes  

Page 7: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

The  challenges  of  mapping  bacterial  transcripts  by  RNA-­‐Seq:  an  example  

Page 8: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Developing  an  algorithm  for  using  RNA-­‐Seq  data  to  define  E.  coli  puta?ve  transcrip?on  units  (PTUs)  

 

Smooth  RNA-­‐Seq  coverage  data  1  

Average  coverage  within  “bricks”  

2  

Group  adjacent  bricks  into  

PTUs  3  

Refine  PTU  start  and  end  sites  

 

Compare  PTUs  to  

transcripts,  operons  

5  4  

Page 9: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

The  algorithm  in  ac5on  

Known  transcrip?on  units  iden?fied,  the  algorithm  worked  

Raw  data  

Data  smoothed,  converted  to  

bricks  

Bricks  grouped,  boundaries  refined  

Page 10: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Operon  missed,  so  close  yet  so  far…  

Page 11: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

How  do  we  systema?cally  measure  the  performance  of  our  algorithm?  

•  Success  of  the  algorithm  is  measured  by  sensi?vity  and  precision.      

•  Sensi5vity  -­‐  the  total  number  of  PTUs  whose  5’  end  is  between  0  and  200bp  upstream  of  the  nearest  annotated  gene  

•   Precision  –  percent  of  total  number  of  PTUs  iden?fied  whose  5’  end  is  between  0  and  200bp  upstream  of  the  nearest  annotated  gene  

Page 12: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Measuring  the  success  of  our  algorithm  

0  

50  

100  

150  

200  

250  

300  -­‐500

 

-­‐400

 

-­‐300

 

-­‐200

 

-­‐100

  0  

100  

200  

300  

400  

500  

Distance  between  5’  end  of  PTU  and  5’  end  of  nearest  gene    

Sensi5vity:  608  PTUs  Precision:        74.0  %  

Num

ber  o

f  PTU

s  

Page 13: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Candidates  for  previously  unknown  transcripts:  an  example  

Page 14: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Conclusions  

•  We  have  developed  an  algorithm  for  mapping  bacterial  transcriptomes  with  RNA-­‐Seq  data  

•  The  algorithm  successfully  iden?fied  many  previously  annotated  transcrip?on  units,  failed  to  iden?fy  others,  and  iden?fied  numerous  novel  PTUs  

Page 15: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

Going  Forward    

•  Further  fine  tuning  of  the  algorithm  for  higher  precision  and  sensi?vity  

•  Tes?ng  how  decreasing  the  depth  of  RNA-­‐Seq  data  effects  the  algorithm’s  performance  

•  Tes?ng  the  algorithm  on  RNA-­‐Seq  data  from  different  bacteria  

 

Page 16: Mapping’Bacterial’Transcriptomes’from’ ’’RNA6Seq ... · The’importance’of’mapping’bacterial’ transcriptomes’ ’ Defining’transcribed’ regions’and’how’they’

         

   

Acknowledgments    Jonathan  Livny  Brian  Haas  Melissa  Chin  Moran  Yassour      Special  Thanks  to  SRPG  Bruce  Birren  Eboney  Smith  Brandon  Ogbunugafor  Francie  Latour